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Fan J, Tang R, Zhang L, Hoang PT, Ayoade F, Diaz-Perez JA, Moss HE, Jiang H. Atypical Presentations of Extraparenchymal Neurocysticercosis. J Neuroophthalmol 2023; 43:370-375. [PMID: 36637411 PMCID: PMC10318114 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000001782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most common parasitic infection of the central nervous system and is typically diagnosed through visualization of the cysts in the cerebral parenchyma by neuro-imaging. However, neuro-imaging may not detect extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis (EPNCC), which is a rare manifestation of the disease involving the subarachnoid, meningeal, and intraventricular spaces. We report 2 cases of extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis, and discuss the diagnostic challenges and management of this entity. METHODS Two cases were identified through clinical records. RESULTS Both patients had an insidious onset with slow progression of disease, and presented with papilledema and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) eosinophilia. One case was diagnosed with spinal cord biopsy. The other was diagnosed with CSF serology and next-generation sequencing-based pathogen analysis. Both patients were treated with ventriculoperitoneal shunt, systemic antiparasitic agents, and immunosuppression. CONCLUSIONS EPNCC is less common than parenchymal NCC. A high level of clinical suspicion is required given its rarity, long incubation period, and slow progression. Diagnosis and treatment can be challenging and requires a multidisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Fan
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Rui Tang
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX
| | - Lily Zhang
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Phuong T. Hoang
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Folusakin Ayoade
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Julio A. Diaz-Perez
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN
| | - Heather E. Moss
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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Doan HTH, Hoang PT, Tran TPC. Tuberculous otitis media in Vietnam: Clinical features and diagnostic difficulties. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2021; 138:467-469. [PMID: 34244102 DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this article is to draw the attention of otorhinolaryngologists to tuberculous otitis media in the light of two cases illustrating the diagnostic difficulties of this rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, which often presents as subacute otomastoiditis or apparently benign chronic otitis media. It is characterized by symptoms such as atonic tympanic membrane perforation with granulation tissue, absence of any history of otitis media, facial paralysis or severe otosclerosis, and failure to respond to the usual treatments. CASE REPORTS The first case was a 24-year-old man referred for right chronic otitis media present for 18 months despite topical treatment and tympanoplasty. The second case was a 21-year-old woman referred for right facial paralysis present for 8 days in a context of chronic otitis media, also treated medically for two years and by two tympanoplasties without success. CONCLUSION The diagnosis of tuberculous otitis media is not based on histopathological examination, but bacteriological identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on an otorrhoea fluid sample collected according to the technique described here. A rigorous clinical approach should ensure early diagnosis and initiation of treatment to prevent complications and severe sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T H Doan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, 144 Xuan Thuy Street, Hanoi City, Viet Nam.
| | - P T Hoang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, 144 Xuan Thuy Street, Hanoi City, Viet Nam
| | - T P C Tran
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, 144 Xuan Thuy Street, Hanoi City, Viet Nam
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Blum JA, Klemm S, Shadrach JL, Guttenplan KA, Nakayama L, Kathiria A, Hoang PT, Gautier O, Kaltschmidt JA, Greenleaf WJ, Gitler AD. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of the adult mouse spinal cord reveals molecular diversity of autonomic and skeletal motor neurons. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:572-583. [PMID: 33589834 PMCID: PMC8016743 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-00795-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The spinal cord is a fascinating structure that is responsible for coordinating movement in vertebrates. Spinal motor neurons control muscle activity by transmitting signals from the spinal cord to diverse peripheral targets. In this study, we profiled 43,890 single-nucleus transcriptomes from the adult mouse spinal cord using fluorescence-activated nuclei sorting to enrich for motor neuron nuclei. We identified 16 sympathetic motor neuron clusters, which are distinguishable by spatial localization and expression of neuromodulatory signaling genes. We found surprising skeletal motor neuron heterogeneity in the adult spinal cord, including transcriptional differences that correlate with electrophysiologically and spatially distinct motor pools. We also provide evidence for a novel transcriptional subpopulation of skeletal motor neuron (γ*). Collectively, these data provide a single-cell transcriptional atlas ( http://spinalcordatlas.org ) for investigating the organizing molecular logic of adult motor neuron diversity, as well as the cellular and molecular basis of motor neuron function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Blum
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Neurosciences Graduate Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sandy Klemm
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Shadrach
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kevin A Guttenplan
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Neurosciences Graduate Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Nakayama
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Arwa Kathiria
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Phuong T Hoang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Olivia Gautier
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Neurosciences Graduate Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julia A Kaltschmidt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - William J Greenleaf
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aaron D Gitler
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Hoang PT, Hodgkin D, Thomas JP, Ritter G, Chilingerian J. Effect of periodic health exam on provider management of preventive services. J Eval Clin Pract 2019; 25:827-833. [PMID: 30488532 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between receipt of annual physicals and the receipt of provider recommendation for preventive services, during a period when Medicare did not cover annual physicals (before 2011). METHODS Electronic medical records of patients aged 65 years and older from a US health care system were extracted for the 2001 to 2007 period. A fixed-effects logistic model was used to assess the relationship between receipt of periodic health examination (PHE) and receipt of provider recommendation for mammogram screening for 6466 female Medicare beneficiaries. Logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between receipt of PHE and receipt of provider recommendation for colonoscopy screening and pneumococcal vaccination for 10 318 Medicare beneficiaries. Nine primary care providers from the network were also interviewed, selected by random sampling stratified by care model. RESULTS Electronic medical record analyses suggest that patients with a PHE were more likely to obtain provider recommendations for mammogram screening (OR = 2.17, P < 0.0001), colonoscopy screening (OR = 1.54, P < 0.0001), and pneumococcal vaccination (OR = 1.10, P < 0.0001). Providers suggested that prevention care quality improves with the PHE because certain screening measures (eg, skin cancer screening, breast exam) would be neglected without it, and healthy patients could miss recommended preventive services entirely. Without the PHE, some providers reported having tried to incorporate discussions of preventive services by scheduling more frequent follow-up chronic care visits than they would have otherwise, and some routinely charged Medicare for a more complex follow-up visit than they would have charged without the preventive service discussions. CONCLUSION Periodic health examination is important in connecting patients to recommended preventive services. Provider interviews suggested that, indirectly, Medicare ended up paying for the PHE via greater frequency of follow-up visits or higher visit charges from providers integrating the services with other visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong T Hoang
- The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, 415 South St, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA
| | - Dominic Hodgkin
- The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, 415 South St, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA
| | - John P Thomas
- Elliot Family Medicine at Glen Lake, 89 South Mast Rd, Goffstown, NH, 03045, USA
| | - Grant Ritter
- The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, 415 South St, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA
| | - Jon Chilingerian
- The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, 415 South St, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA
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Hoang PT, Chalif JI, Bikoff JB, Jessell TM, Mentis GZ, Wichterle H. Subtype Diversification and Synaptic Specificity of Stem Cell-Derived Spinal Interneurons. Neuron 2019; 100:135-149.e7. [PMID: 30308166 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal diversification is a fundamental step in the construction of functional neural circuits, but how neurons generated from single progenitor domains acquire diverse subtype identities remains poorly understood. Here we developed an embryonic stem cell (ESC)-based system to model subtype diversification of V1 interneurons, a class of spinal neurons comprising four clades collectively containing dozens of molecularly distinct neuronal subtypes. We demonstrate that V1 subtype diversity can be modified by extrinsic signals. Inhibition of Notch and activation of retinoid signaling results in a switch to MafA clade identity and enriches differentiation of Renshaw cells, a specialized MafA subtype that mediates recurrent inhibition of spinal motor neurons. We show that Renshaw cells are intrinsically programmed to migrate to species-specific laminae upon transplantation and to form subtype-specific synapses with motor neurons. Our results demonstrate that stem cell-derived neuronal subtypes can be used to investigate mechanisms underlying neuronal subtype specification and circuit assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong T Hoang
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Neuroscience, Rehabilitation & Regenerative Medicine, and Neurology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Joshua I Chalif
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology and Neurology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jay B Bikoff
- Departments of Neuroscience and Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Thomas M Jessell
- Departments of Neuroscience and Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - George Z Mentis
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology and Neurology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hynek Wichterle
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Neuroscience, Rehabilitation & Regenerative Medicine, and Neurology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Higashi H, Truong KD, Barendregt JJ, Nguyen PK, Vuong ML, Nguyen TT, Hoang PT, Wallace AL, Tran TV, Le CQ, Doran CM. Cost effectiveness of tobacco control policies in Vietnam: the case of population-level interventions. Appl Health Econ Health Policy 2011; 9:183-196. [PMID: 21506624 DOI: 10.2165/11539640-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco smoking is one of the leading public health problems in the world. It is also possible to prevent and/or reduce the harm from tobacco use through the use of cost-effective tobacco control measures. However, most of this evidence comes from developed countries and little research has been conducted on this issue in developing countries. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyse the cost effectiveness of four population-level tobacco control interventions in Vietnam. METHODS Four tobacco control interventions were evaluated: excise tax increase; graphic warning labels on cigarette packs; mass media campaigns; and smoking bans (in public or in work places). A multi-state life table model was constructed in Microsoft® Excel to examine the cost effectiveness of the tobacco control intervention options. A government perspective was adopted, with costing conducted using a bottom-up approach. Health improvement was considered in terms of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) averted. All assumptions were subject to sensitivity and uncertainty analysis. RESULTS All the interventions fell within the definition of being very cost effective according to the threshold level suggested by the WHO (i.e. <GDP per capita). Graphic warning labels on cigarette packs was the most cost-effective option, followed by excise tax increases, mass media campaigns, public smoking bans and work place smoking bans. If the cost offset was included in the analysis, all interventions would provide cost savings to the government health sector. CONCLUSIONS All four interventions to reduce the harm from tobacco use appear to be highly cost effective and should be considered as priorities in the context of Vietnam. The government may initially consider graphic warning labels and tax increase, followed by other interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Higashi
- School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Hoang PT, Park P, Cobb LJ, Paharkova-Vatchkova V, Hakimi M, Cohen P, Lee KW. The neurosurvival factor Humanin inhibits beta-cell apoptosis via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation and delays and ameliorates diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. Metabolism 2010; 59:343-9. [PMID: 19800083 PMCID: PMC2932671 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Revised: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis is important in the pathogenesis and potential treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. We investigated whether Humanin, a recently described survival factor for neurons, could improve the survival of beta-cells and delay or treat diabetes in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) model. Humanin reduced apoptosis induced by serum starvation in NIT-1 cells and decreased apoptosis induced by cytokine treatment. Humanin induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation over a 24-hour time course. Specific inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 resulted in nullifying the protective effect of Humanin. Humanin normalized glucose tolerance in NOD mice treated for 6 weeks, and their pancreata revealed decreased lymphocyte infiltration and severity. In addition, Humanin delayed/prevented the onset of diabetes in NOD mice treated for 20 weeks. In summary, Humanin treatment decreases cytokine-induced apoptosis in beta-cells in vitro and improved glucose tolerance and onset of diabetes in NOD mice in vivo. This indicates that Humanin may be useful for islet protection and survival in a spectrum of diabetes-related therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong T Hoang
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Mattel Children's Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Hoang PT, Azorin J, Larmignat P, Pourriat JL, Cupa M, de Saint Florent G. [The use of new ventilation modalities in the treatment of severe thoracic injuries]. Ann Chir 1983; 37:551-3. [PMID: 6395785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Hoang PT, Pourriat JL, Larmignat P, Lapandry C, Gabry AL, Cupa M. [Acute chloroquine poisoning. Treatment with diazepam. 2 cases]. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 1982; 1:321-3. [PMID: 7165147 DOI: 10.1016/s0750-7658(82)80049-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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