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Patton MH, Thomas KT, Bayazitov IT, Newman KD, Kurtz NB, Robinson CG, Ramirez CA, Trevisan AJ, Bikoff JB, Peters ST, Pruett-Miller SM, Jiang Y, Schild AB, Nityanandam A, Zakharenko SS. Synaptic plasticity in human thalamocortical assembloids. bioRxiv 2024:2024.02.01.578421. [PMID: 38352415 PMCID: PMC10862901 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.01.578421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticities, such as long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD), tune synaptic efficacy and are essential for learning and memory. Current studies of synaptic plasticity in humans are limited by a lack of adequate human models. Here, we modeled the thalamocortical system by fusing human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived thalamic and cortical organoids. Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing revealed that most cells in mature thalamic organoids were glutamatergic neurons. When fused to form thalamocortical assembloids, thalamic and cortical organoids formed reciprocal long-range axonal projections and reciprocal synapses detectable by light and electron microscopy, respectively. Using whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology and two-photon imaging, we characterized glutamatergic synaptic transmission. Thalamocortical and corticothalamic synapses displayed short-term plasticity analogous to that in animal models. LTP and LTD were reliably induced at both synapses; however, their mechanisms differed from those previously described in rodents. Thus, thalamocortical assembloids provide a model system for exploring synaptic plasticity in human circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary H. Patton
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Kristen T. Thomas
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ildar T. Bayazitov
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Kyle D. Newman
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Nathaniel B. Kurtz
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Center, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Camenzind G. Robinson
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Center, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Cody A. Ramirez
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Alexandra J. Trevisan
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jay B. Bikoff
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Samuel T. Peters
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shondra M. Pruett-Miller
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yanbo Jiang
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Andrew B. Schild
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Anjana Nityanandam
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Stanislav S. Zakharenko
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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2
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Deska-Gauthier D, Borowska-Fielding J, Jones C, Zhang H, MacKay CS, Michail R, Bennett LA, Bikoff JB, Zhang Y. Embryonic temporal-spatial delineation of excitatory spinal V3 interneuron diversity. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113635. [PMID: 38160393 PMCID: PMC10877927 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal neural circuits that execute movement are composed of cardinal classes of neurons that emerged from distinct progenitor lineages. Each cardinal class contains multiple neuronal subtypes characterized by distinct molecular, anatomical, and physiological characteristics. Through a focus on the excitatory V3 interneuron class, here we demonstrate that interneuron subtype diversity is delineated through a combination of neurogenesis timing and final laminar settling position. We have revealed that early-born and late-born embryonic V3 temporal classes further diversify into subclasses with spatially and molecularly discrete identities. While neurogenesis timing accounts for V3 morphological diversification, laminar settling position accounts for electrophysiological profiles distinguishing V3 subtypes within the same temporal classes. Furthermore, V3 interneuron subtypes display independent behavioral recruitment patterns demonstrating a functional modularity underlying V3 interneuron diversity. These studies provide a framework for how early embryonic temporal and spatial mechanisms combine to delineate spinal interneuron classes into molecularly, anatomically, and functionally relevant subtypes in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Deska-Gauthier
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Joanna Borowska-Fielding
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Chris Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Colin S MacKay
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Ramez Michail
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Laura A Bennett
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jay B Bikoff
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Worthy AE, Anderson JT, Lane AR, Gomez-Perez L, Wang AA, Griffith RW, Rivard AF, Bikoff JB, Alvarez FJ. SPINAL V1 INHIBITORY INTERNEURON CLADES DIFFER IN BIRTHDATE, PROJECTIONS TO MOTONEURONS AND HETEROGENEITY. bioRxiv 2023:2023.11.29.569270. [PMID: 38076820 PMCID: PMC10705425 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.29.569270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord interneurons play a crucial role in shaping motor output, but their precise identity and circuit connectivity remain unclear. Focusing on the cardinal class of inhibitory V1 interneurons, we define the diversity of four major V1 subsets according to timing of neurogenesis, genetic lineage-tracing, synaptic output to motoneurons, and synaptic inputs from muscle afferents. Birthdating delineates two early-born (Renshaw and Pou6f2) and two late-born V1 clades (Foxp2 and Sp8) suggesting sequential neurogenesis gives rise to different V1 clades. Neurogenesis did not correlate with motoneuron targeting. Early-born Renshaw cells and late-born Foxp2-V1 interneurons both tightly coupled to motoneurons, while early-born Pou6f2-V1 and late-born Sp8-V1 interneurons did not. V1-clades also greatly differ in cell numbers and diversity. Lineage labeling of the Foxp2-V1 clade shows it contains over half of all V1 interneurons and provides the largest inhibitory input to motoneuron cell bodies. Foxp2-V1 subgroups differ in neurogenesis and proprioceptive input. Notably, one subgroup defined by Otp expression and located adjacent to the lateral motor column exhibits substantial input from proprioceptors, consistent with some Foxp2-V1 cells at this location forming part of reciprocal inhibitory pathways. This was confirmed with viral tracing methods for ankle flexors and extensors. The results validate the previous V1 clade classification as representing unique interneuron subtypes that differ in circuit placement with Foxp2-V1s forming the more complex subgroup. We discuss how V1 organizational diversity enables understanding of their roles in motor control, with implications for the ontogenetic and phylogenetic origins of their diversity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Spinal interneuron diversity and circuit organization represents a key challenge to understand the neural control of movement in normal adults and also during motor development and in disease. Inhibitory interneurons are a core element of these spinal circuits, acting on motoneurons either directly or via premotor networks. V1 interneurons comprise the largest group of inhibitory interneurons in the ventral horn and their organization remains unclear. Here we present a comprehensive examination of V1 subtypes according to neurogenesis, placement in spinal motor circuits and motoneuron synaptic targeting. V1 diversity increases during evolution from axial-swimming fishes to limb-based mammalian terrestrial locomotion and this is reflected in the size and heterogeneity of the Foxp2-V1 clade which is closely associated to limb motor pools. We show Foxp2-V1 interneurons establish the densest and more direct inhibitory synaptic input to motoneurons, especially on cell bodies. This is of further importance because deficits on motoneuron cell body inhibitory V1 synapses and on Foxp2-V1 interneurons themselves have recently been shown to be affected at early stages of pathology in motor neurodegenerative diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Hughes AC, Pollard BG, Xu B, Gammons JW, Chapman P, Bikoff JB, Schwarz LA. A Novel Single Vector Intersectional AAV Strategy for Interrogating Cellular Diversity and Brain Function. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.07.527312. [PMID: 36798174 PMCID: PMC9934562 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.07.527312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
As the discovery of cellular diversity in the brain accelerates, so does the need for functional tools that target cells based on multiple features, such as gene expression and projection target. By selectively driving recombinase expression in a feature-specific manner, one can utilize intersectional strategies to conditionally promote payload expression only where multiple features overlap. We developed Conditional Viral Expression by Ribozyme Guided Degradation (ConVERGD), a single-construct intersectional targeting strategy that combines a self-cleaving ribozyme with traditional FLEx switches. ConVERGD offers benefits over existing platforms, such as expanded intersectionality, the ability to accommodate larger and more complex payloads, and a vector design that is easily modified to better facilitate rapid toolkit expansion. To demonstrate its utility for interrogating neural circuitry, we employed ConVERGD to target an unexplored subpopulation of norepinephrine (NE)-producing neurons within the rodent locus coeruleus (LC) identified via single-cell transcriptomic profiling to co-express the stress-related endogenous opioid gene prodynorphin (Pdyn). These studies showcase ConVERGD as a versatile tool for targeting diverse cell types and reveal Pdyn-expressing NE+ LC neurons as a small neuronal subpopulation capable of driving anxiogenic behavioral responses in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex C. Hughes
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105
| | - Brittany G. Pollard
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105
| | - Beisi Xu
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105
| | - Jesse W. Gammons
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105
- Present address: Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Phillip Chapman
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105
| | - Jay B. Bikoff
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105
| | - Lindsay A. Schwarz
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105
- Lead contact
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5
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Lane AR, Cogdell IC, Jessell TM, Bikoff JB, Alvarez FJ. Genetic targeting of adult Renshaw cells using a Calbindin 1 destabilized Cre allele for intersection with Parvalbumin or Engrailed1. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19861. [PMID: 34615947 PMCID: PMC8494874 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99333-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Renshaw cells (RCs) are one of the most studied spinal interneurons; however, their roles in motor control remain enigmatic in part due to the lack of experimental models to interfere with RC function, specifically in adults. To overcome this limitation, we leveraged the distinct temporal regulation of Calbindin (Calb1) expression in RCs to create genetic models for timed RC manipulation. We used a Calb1 allele expressing a destabilized Cre (dgCre) theoretically active only upon trimethoprim (TMP) administration. TMP timing and dose influenced RC targeting efficiency, which was highest within the first three postnatal weeks, but specificity was low with many other spinal neurons also targeted. In addition, dgCre showed TMP-independent activity resulting in spontaneous recombination events that accumulated with age. Combining Calb1-dgCre with Parvalbumin (Pvalb) or Engrailed1 (En1) Flpo alleles in dual conditional systems increased cellular and timing specificity. Under optimal conditions, Calb1-dgCre/Pvalb-Flpo mice targeted 90% of RCs and few dorsal horn neurons; Calb1-dgCre/En1-Flpo mice showed higher specificity, but only a maximum of 70% of RCs targeted. Both models targeted neurons throughout the brain. Restricted spinal expression was obtained by injecting intraspinally AAVs carrying dual conditional genes. These results describe the first models to genetically target RCs bypassing development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia R Lane
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | - Thomas M Jessell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jay B Bikoff
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
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6
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Hoang PT, Chalif JI, Bikoff JB, Jessell TM, Mentis GZ, Wichterle H. Subtype Diversification and Synaptic Specificity of Stem Cell-Derived Spinal Interneurons. Neuron 2019; 100:135-149.e7. [PMID: 30308166 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal diversification is a fundamental step in the construction of functional neural circuits, but how neurons generated from single progenitor domains acquire diverse subtype identities remains poorly understood. Here we developed an embryonic stem cell (ESC)-based system to model subtype diversification of V1 interneurons, a class of spinal neurons comprising four clades collectively containing dozens of molecularly distinct neuronal subtypes. We demonstrate that V1 subtype diversity can be modified by extrinsic signals. Inhibition of Notch and activation of retinoid signaling results in a switch to MafA clade identity and enriches differentiation of Renshaw cells, a specialized MafA subtype that mediates recurrent inhibition of spinal motor neurons. We show that Renshaw cells are intrinsically programmed to migrate to species-specific laminae upon transplantation and to form subtype-specific synapses with motor neurons. Our results demonstrate that stem cell-derived neuronal subtypes can be used to investigate mechanisms underlying neuronal subtype specification and circuit assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong T Hoang
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Neuroscience, Rehabilitation & Regenerative Medicine, and Neurology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Joshua I Chalif
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology and Neurology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jay B Bikoff
- Departments of Neuroscience and Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Thomas M Jessell
- Departments of Neuroscience and Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - George Z Mentis
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology and Neurology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hynek Wichterle
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Neuroscience, Rehabilitation & Regenerative Medicine, and Neurology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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7
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8
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Sweeney LB, Bikoff JB, Gabitto MI, Brenner-Morton S, Baek M, Yang JH, Tabak EG, Dasen JS, Kintner CR, Jessell TM. Origin and Segmental Diversity of Spinal Inhibitory Interneurons. Neuron 2018; 97:341-355.e3. [PMID: 29307712 PMCID: PMC5880537 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Motor output varies along the rostro-caudal axis of the tetrapod spinal cord. At limb levels, ∼60 motor pools control the alternation of flexor and extensor muscles about each joint, whereas at thoracic levels as few as 10 motor pools supply muscle groups that support posture, inspiration, and expiration. Whether such differences in motor neuron identity and muscle number are associated with segmental distinctions in interneuron diversity has not been resolved. We show that select combinations of nineteen transcription factors that specify lumbar V1 inhibitory interneurons generate subpopulations enriched at limb and thoracic levels. Specification of limb and thoracic V1 interneurons involves the Hox gene Hoxc9 independently of motor neurons. Thus, early Hox patterning of the spinal cord determines the identity of V1 interneurons and motor neurons. These studies reveal a developmental program of V1 interneuron diversity, providing insight into the organization of inhibitory interneurons associated with differential motor output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora B Sweeney
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Jay B Bikoff
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Zuckerman Institute, Departments of Neuroscience, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mariano I Gabitto
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, NY 10010, USA.
| | - Susan Brenner-Morton
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Zuckerman Institute, Departments of Neuroscience, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Myungin Baek
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jerry H Yang
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Esteban G Tabak
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA
| | - Jeremy S Dasen
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Christopher R Kintner
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thomas M Jessell
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Zuckerman Institute, Departments of Neuroscience, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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9
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Bikoff JB, Gabitto MI, Rivard AF, Drobac E, Machado TA, Miri A, Brenner-Morton S, Famojure E, Diaz C, Alvarez FJ, Mentis GZ, Jessell TM. Spinal Inhibitory Interneuron Diversity Delineates Variant Motor Microcircuits. Cell 2016; 165:207-219. [PMID: 26949184 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Animals generate movement by engaging spinal circuits that direct precise sequences of muscle contraction, but the identity and organizational logic of local interneurons that lie at the core of these circuits remain unresolved. Here, we show that V1 interneurons, a major inhibitory population that controls motor output, fractionate into highly diverse subsets on the basis of the expression of 19 transcription factors. Transcriptionally defined V1 subsets exhibit distinct physiological signatures and highly structured spatial distributions with mediolateral and dorsoventral positional biases. These positional distinctions constrain patterns of input from sensory and motor neurons and, as such, suggest that interneuron position is a determinant of microcircuit organization. Moreover, V1 diversity indicates that different inhibitory microcircuits exist for motor pools controlling hip, ankle, and foot muscles, revealing a variable circuit architecture for interneurons that control limb movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay B Bikoff
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Departments of Neuroscience and Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Mariano I Gabitto
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Departments of Neuroscience and Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andre F Rivard
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30319, USA
| | - Estelle Drobac
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology and Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Timothy A Machado
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Departments of Neuroscience and Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andrew Miri
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Departments of Neuroscience and Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Susan Brenner-Morton
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Departments of Neuroscience and Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Erica Famojure
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Departments of Neuroscience and Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Carolyn Diaz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Departments of Neuroscience and Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Francisco J Alvarez
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30319, USA
| | - George Z Mentis
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology and Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Thomas M Jessell
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Departments of Neuroscience and Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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10
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Gabitto MI, Pakman A, Bikoff JB, Abbott LF, Jessell TM, Paninski L. Bayesian Sparse Regression Analysis Documents the Diversity of Spinal Inhibitory Interneurons. Cell 2016; 165:220-233. [PMID: 26949187 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Documenting the extent of cellular diversity is a critical step in defining the functional organization of tissues and organs. To infer cell-type diversity from partial or incomplete transcription factor expression data, we devised a sparse Bayesian framework that is able to handle estimation uncertainty and can incorporate diverse cellular characteristics to optimize experimental design. Focusing on spinal V1 inhibitory interneurons, for which the spatial expression of 19 transcription factors has been mapped, we infer the existence of ~50 candidate V1 neuronal types, many of which localize in compact spatial domains in the ventral spinal cord. We have validated the existence of inferred cell types by direct experimental measurement, establishing this Bayesian framework as an effective platform for cell-type characterization in the nervous system and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano I Gabitto
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Ari Pakman
- Department of Statistics and Grossman Center for the Statistics of Mind, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jay B Bikoff
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - L F Abbott
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Thomas M Jessell
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Liam Paninski
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Statistics and Grossman Center for the Statistics of Mind, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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11
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Margolis SS, Salogiannis J, Lipton DM, Mandel-Brehm C, Wills ZP, Mardinly AR, Hu L, Greer PL, Bikoff JB, Ho HYH, Soskis MJ, Sahin M, Greenberg ME. EphB-mediated degradation of the RhoA GEF Ephexin5 relieves a developmental brake on excitatory synapse formation. Cell 2010; 143:442-55. [PMID: 21029865 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms that promote excitatory synapse formation and maturation have been extensively studied. However, the molecular events that limit excitatory synapse development so that synapses form at the right time and place and in the correct numbers are less well understood. We have identified a RhoA guanine nucleotide exchange factor, Ephexin5, which negatively regulates excitatory synapse development until EphrinB binding to the EphB receptor tyrosine kinase triggers Ephexin5 phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation. The degradation of Ephexin5 promotes EphB-dependent excitatory synapse development and is mediated by Ube3A, a ubiquitin ligase that is mutated in the human cognitive disorder Angelman syndrome and duplicated in some forms of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). These findings suggest that aberrant EphB/Ephexin5 signaling during the development of synapses may contribute to the abnormal cognitive function that occurs in Angelman syndrome and, possibly, ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth S Margolis
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Zhou P, Porcionatto M, Pilapil M, Chen Y, Choi Y, Tolias KF, Bikoff JB, Hong EJ, Greenberg ME, Segal RA. Polarized signaling endosomes coordinate BDNF-induced chemotaxis of cerebellar precursors. Neuron 2007; 55:53-68. [PMID: 17610817 PMCID: PMC2661852 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2007.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2006] [Revised: 11/08/2006] [Accepted: 05/31/2007] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
During development, neural precursors migrate in response to positional cues such as growth factor gradients. However, the mechanisms that enable precursors to sense and respond to such gradients are poorly understood. Here we show that cerebellar granule cell precursors (GCPs) migrate along a gradient of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and we demonstrate that vesicle trafficking is critical for this chemotactic process. Activation of TrkB, the BDNF receptor, stimulates GCPs to secrete BDNF, thereby amplifying the ambient gradient. The BDNF gradient stimulates endocytosis of TrkB and associated signaling molecules, causing asymmetric accumulation of signaling endosomes at the subcellular location where BDNF concentration is maximal. Thus, regulated BDNF exocytosis and TrkB endocytosis enable precursors to polarize and migrate in a directed fashion along a shallow BDNF gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School
| | - Marimelia Porcionatto
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School
| | - Mariecel Pilapil
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School
| | - Yicheng Chen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School
| | - Yoojin Choi
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School
| | - Kimberley F. Tolias
- Division of Neuroscience, Children’s Hospital Boston and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School
| | - Jay B. Bikoff
- Division of Neuroscience, Children’s Hospital Boston and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School
| | - Elizabeth J. Hong
- Division of Neuroscience, Children’s Hospital Boston and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School
| | - Michael E. Greenberg
- Division of Neuroscience, Children’s Hospital Boston and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School
| | - Rosalind A. Segal
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Rosalind A. Segal, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, 617-632-4737, 617-632-2085,
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13
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Tolias KF, Bikoff JB, Kane CG, Tolias CS, Hu L, Greenberg ME. The Rac1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor Tiam1 mediates EphB receptor-dependent dendritic spine development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:7265-70. [PMID: 17440041 PMCID: PMC1855368 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0702044104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines are small, actin-rich protrusions on the surface of dendrites that receive the majority of excitatory synaptic inputs in the brain. The formation and remodeling of spines, processes that underlie synaptic development and plasticity, are regulated in part by Eph receptor tyrosine kinases. However, the mechanism by which Ephs regulate actin cytoskeletal remodeling necessary for spine development is not fully understood. Here, we report that the Rac1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor Tiam1 interacts with the EphB2 receptor in a kinase-dependent manner. Activation of EphBs by their ephrinB ligands induces the tyrosine phosphorylation and recruitment of Tiam1 to EphB complexes containing NMDA-type glutamate receptors. Either knockdown of Tiam1 protein by RNAi or inhibition of Tiam1 function with a dominant-negative Tiam1 mutant blocks dendritic spine formation induced by ephrinB1 stimulation. Taken together, these findings suggest that EphBs regulate spine development in part by recruiting, phosphorylating, and activating Tiam1. Tiam1 can then promote Rac1-dependent actin cytoskeletal remodeling required for dendritic spine morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley F. Tolias
- *Neurobiology Program, Children's Hospital, and
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jay B. Bikoff
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | | | | | - Linda Hu
- *Neurobiology Program, Children's Hospital, and
| | - Michael E. Greenberg
- *Neurobiology Program, Children's Hospital, and
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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14
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Fu WY, Chen Y, Sahin M, Zhao XS, Shi L, Bikoff JB, Lai KO, Yung WH, Fu AKY, Greenberg ME, Ip NY. Cdk5 regulates EphA4-mediated dendritic spine retraction through an ephexin1-dependent mechanism. Nat Neurosci 2006; 10:67-76. [PMID: 17143272 DOI: 10.1038/nn1811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2006] [Accepted: 11/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The development of dendritic spines is thought to be crucial for synaptic plasticity. Dendritic spines are retracted upon Eph receptor A4 (EphA4) activation, but the mechanisms that control this process are not well understood. Here we report an important function of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) in EphA4-dependent spine retraction in mice. We found that blocking Cdk5 activity inhibits ephrin-A1-triggered spine retraction and reduction of mEPSC frequency at hippocampal synapses. The activation of EphA4 resulted in the recruitment of Cdk5 to EphA4, leading to the tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of Cdk5. EphA4 and Cdk5 then enhanced the activation of ephexin1, a guanine-nucleotide exchange factor that regulates activation of the small Rho GTPase RhoA. The association between EphA4 and ephexin1 was significantly reduced in Cdk5(-/-) brains and Cdk5-dependent phosphorylation of ephexin1 was required for the ephrin-A1-mediated regulation of spine density. These findings suggest that ephrin-A1 promotes EphA4-dependent spine retraction through the activation of Cdk5 and ephexin1, which in turn modulates actin cytoskeletal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Yu Fu
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology Research Institute and Molecular Neuroscience Center, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
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15
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Tolias KF, Bikoff JB, Burette A, Paradis S, Harrar D, Tavazoie S, Weinberg RJ, Greenberg ME. The Rac1-GEF Tiam1 couples the NMDA receptor to the activity-dependent development of dendritic arbors and spines. Neuron 2005; 45:525-38. [PMID: 15721239 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2005.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2004] [Revised: 10/22/2004] [Accepted: 01/14/2005] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
NMDA-type glutamate receptors play a critical role in the activity-dependent development and structural remodeling of dendritic arbors and spines. However, the molecular mechanisms that link NMDA receptor activation to changes in dendritic morphology remain unclear. We report that the Rac1-GEF Tiam1 is present in dendrites and spines and is required for their development. Tiam1 interacts with the NMDA receptor and is phosphorylated in a calcium-dependent manner in response to NMDA receptor stimulation. Blockade of Tiam1 function with RNAi and dominant interfering mutants of Tiam1 suggests that Tiam1 mediates effects of the NMDA receptor on dendritic development by inducing Rac1-dependent actin remodeling and protein synthesis. Taken together, these findings define a molecular mechanism by which NMDA receptor signaling controls the growth and morphology of dendritic arbors and spines.
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MESH Headings
- 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione/pharmacology
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Blotting, Western/methods
- Brain/cytology
- Brain/metabolism
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cell Size/drug effects
- Cloning, Molecular/methods
- DNA-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Dendritic Spines/physiology
- Dendritic Spines/ultrastructure
- Drug Interactions
- Egtazic Acid/pharmacology
- Ephrin-B1/pharmacology
- Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/physiology
- Glutamic Acid/pharmacology
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry/methods
- Immunoprecipitation/methods
- Microscopy, Immunoelectron/methods
- Models, Neurological
- Neoplasm Proteins
- Neurons/cytology
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/metabolism
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proteins/metabolism
- RNA, Antisense/pharmacology
- RNA, Small Interfering
- Rats
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/agonists
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/classification
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism
- Synaptosomes/metabolism
- T-Lymphoma Invasion and Metastasis-inducing Protein 1
- Tetrodotoxin/pharmacology
- Time Factors
- Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transfection/methods
- Valine/analogs & derivatives
- Valine/pharmacology
- p21-Activated Kinases
- rac1 GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley F Tolias
- Neurobiology Program, Children's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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