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Agerskov RH, Nyeng P. Innervation of the pancreas in development and disease. Development 2024; 151:dev202254. [PMID: 38265192 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system innervates the pancreas by sympathetic, parasympathetic and sensory branches during early organogenesis, starting with neural crest cell invasion and formation of an intrinsic neuronal network. Several studies have demonstrated that signals from pancreatic neural crest cells direct pancreatic endocrinogenesis. Likewise, autonomic neurons have been shown to regulate pancreatic islet formation, and have also been implicated in type I diabetes. Here, we provide an overview of recent progress in mapping pancreatic innervation and understanding the interactions between pancreatic neurons, epithelial morphogenesis and cell differentiation. Finally, we discuss pancreas innervation as a factor in the development of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Hoegsberg Agerskov
- Roskilde University, Department of Science and Environment, Universitetsvej 1, building 28, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | - Pia Nyeng
- Roskilde University, Department of Science and Environment, Universitetsvej 1, building 28, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
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Heilmann S, Semb H, Nyeng P. Quantifying spatial position in a branched structure in immunostained mouse tissue sections. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100806. [PMID: 34632415 PMCID: PMC8488404 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a protocol to quantify the position of a cell in a branched structure based on two-dimensional microscopy images of tissue sections. Biological branched structures include organs such as the lungs, kidneys, and pancreas. In these organs, cell fate has been correlated with position, based on a qualitative estimate. However, a quantitative means of evaluating the cell position has been lacking. With this protocol, the correlation between cell fate and cell position was measured in mouse embryonic pancreas. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Nyeng et al. (2019). A metric to quantify the position of a cell in a branched tissue structure Low score/high score indicates proximity to the center/periphery, respectively Score enables quantitative correlative studies of cell fate and cell position Comprehensive pipeline from tissue processing instructions to image analysis code
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Affiliation(s)
- Silja Heilmann
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (Danstem), University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Henrik Semb
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (Danstem), University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Institute of Translational Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pia Nyeng
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, Postbox 260, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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Abstract
We here report a flow-cytometry-based protocol to measure single-cell protein expression in small samples. The protocol is optimized for simultaneous detection of fluorescent proteins and intracellular and surface antigens in the embryonic pancreas from the mouse. Owing to low cell numbers, current protocols for flow cytometric analysis of embryonic tissues rely on tissue pooling. Our protocol enables analysis of one pancreas per sample, thereby facilitating detection of biological variation and minimizing the number of experimental animals needed. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Nyeng et al (2019). Quantitative protein analysis of a single embryonic pancreas using flow cytometry Simultaneous detection of reporter, cell surface, and intracellular proteins Enables detection of biological variation and reduces the number of animals needed Enables the study of heterogeneous cellular protein expression during organogenesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Nyeng
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, Postbox 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Gelo Victoriano Dela Cruz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (Danstem), University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Henrik Semb
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (Danstem), University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Institute of Translational Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Nyeng P, Heilmann S, Löf-Öhlin ZM, Pettersson NF, Hermann FM, Reynolds AB, Semb H. p120ctn-Mediated Organ Patterning Precedes and Determines Pancreatic Progenitor Fate. Dev Cell 2019; 49:31-47.e9. [PMID: 30853440 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of how organ shape emerges and specifies cell fate is not understood. Pancreatic duct and endocrine lineages arise in a spatially distinct domain from the acinar lineage. Whether these lineages are pre-determined or settle once these niches have been established remains unknown. Here, we reconcile these two apparently opposing models, demonstrating that pancreatic progenitors re-localize to establish the niche that will determine their ultimate fate. We identify a p120ctn-regulated mechanism for coordination of organ architecture and cellular fate mediated by differential E-cadherin based cell sorting. Reduced p120ctn expression is necessary and sufficient to re-localize a subset of progenitors to the peripheral tip domain, where they acquire an acinar fate. The same mechanism is used re-iteratively during endocrine specification, where it balances the choice between the alpha and beta cell fates. In conclusion, organ patterning is regulated by p120ctn-mediated cellular positioning, which precedes and determines pancreatic progenitor fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Nyeng
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (Danstem), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Silja Heilmann
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (Danstem), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Zarah M Löf-Öhlin
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (Danstem), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | | | - Florian Malte Hermann
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (Danstem), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Albert B Reynolds
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Henrik Semb
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (Danstem), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Institute of Translational Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Qu X, Nyeng P, Xiao F, Dorantes J, Jensen J. Growth Factor Independence-1 ( Gfi1) Is Required for Pancreatic Acinar Unit Formation and Centroacinar Cell Differentiation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 1:233-247.e1. [PMID: 28247862 PMCID: PMC5301134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The genetic specification of the compartmentalized pancreatic acinar/centroacinar unit is poorly understood. Growth factor independence-1 (Gfi1) is a zinc finger transcriptional repressor that regulates hematopoietic stem cell maintenance, pre-T-cell differentiation, formation of granulocytes, inner ear hair cells, and the development of secretory cell types in the intestine. As GFI1/Gfi1 is expressed in human and rodent pancreas, we characterized the potential function of Gfi1 in mouse pancreatic development. METHODS Gfi1 knockout mice were analyzed at histological and molecular levels, including qRT-PCR, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. RESULTS Loss of Gfi1 impacted formation and structure of the pancreatic acinar/centroacinar unit. Histologic and ultrastructural analysis of Gfi1-null pancreas revealed specific defects at the level of pancreatic acinar cells as well as the centroacinar cells (CACs) in Gfi1-/- mice when compared with wild-type littermates. Pancreatic endocrine differentiation, islet architecture, and function were unaffected. Organ domain patterning and the formation of ductal cells occurred normally during the murine secondary transition (E13.5-E14.5) in the Gfi1-/- pancreas. However, at later gestational time points (E18.5), expression of cellular markers for CACs was substantially reduced in Gfi1-/- mice, corroborated by electron microscopy imaging of the acinar/centroacinar unit. The reduction in CACs was correlated with an exocrine organ defect. Postnatally, Gfi1 deficiency resulted in severe pancreatic acinar dysplasia, including loss of granulation, autolytic vacuolation, and a proliferative and apoptotic response. CONCLUSIONS Gfi1 plays an important role in regulating the development of pancreatic CACs and the function of pancreatic acinar cells.
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Key Words
- BPL, Bauhinia purpurea lectin
- BrdU, bromodeoxyuridine
- CACs, centroacinar cells
- Centroacinar Cells
- Claudin 10
- DIG, digoxigenin
- EM, electron micrographs
- Gfi1, growth factor independence-1
- Growth Factor Independence-1 (Gfi1)
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- SD, standard deviation
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling
- TipPC, tip progenitor cells
- TrPC, trunk progenitor cells
- WT, wild type
- qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
- rER, rough endoplasmic reticulum
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Qu
- Cleveland Clinic, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Pia Nyeng
- Cleveland Clinic, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio,Danish Stem Cell Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fan Xiao
- Cleveland Clinic, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jorge Dorantes
- Cleveland Clinic, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jan Jensen
- Cleveland Clinic, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Jan Jensen, PhD, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195.
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Qu X, Afelik S, Jensen JN, Bukys MA, Kobberup S, Schmerr M, Xiao F, Nyeng P, Veronica Albertoni M, Grapin-Botton A, Jensen J. Notch-mediated post-translational control of Ngn3 protein stability regulates pancreatic patterning and cell fate commitment. Dev Biol 2013; 376:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Nyeng P, Bjerke MA, Norgaard GA, Qu X, Kobberup S, Jensen J. Fibroblast growth factor 10 represses premature cell differentiation during establishment of the intestinal progenitor niche. Dev Biol 2010; 349:20-34. [PMID: 20883684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 08/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Spatio-temporal regulation of the balance between cell renewal and cell differentiation is of vital importance for embryonic development and adult homeostasis. Fibroblast growth factor signaling relayed from the mesenchyme to the epithelium is necessary for progenitor maintenance during organogenesis of most endoderm-derived organs, but it is still ambiguous whether the signal is exclusively mitogenic. Furthermore, the downstream mechanisms are largely unknown. In order to elucidate these questions we performed a complementary analysis of fibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10), gain-of-function and loss-of-function in the embryonic mouse duodenum, where the progenitor niche is clearly defined and differentiation proceeds in a spatially organized manner. In agreement with a role in progenitor maintenance, FGF10 is expressed in the duodenal mesenchyme during early development while the cognate receptor FGFR2b is expressed in the epithelial progenitor niche. Fgf10 gain-of-function in the epithelium leads to spatial expansion of the progenitor niche and repression of cell differentiation, while loss-of-function results in premature cell differentiation and subsequent epithelial hypoplasia. We conclude that FGF10 mediated mesenchymal-to-epithelial signaling maintains the progenitor niche in the embryonic duodenum primarily by repressing cell differentiation, rather than through mitogenic signaling. Furthermore, we demonstrate that FGF10-signaling targets include ETS-family transcription factors, which have previously been shown to regulate epithelial maturation and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Nyeng
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 1775 N Ursula St. B140, 80045 Aurora, CO, USA.
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Abstract
ETS-family factors play major roles in development and cancer, notably as critical targets for extra-cellular signaling pathways, including MAPK-signaling. Given the presently limited knowledge on the role of ETS-factors in pancreatic development, we here sought to characterize all 26 individual members of the ETS-family in relation to pancreatic development using a combination of genomics, RT-PCR, and histological techniques. This analysis uncovers 22 ETS family genes displaying select spatial and temporal expression patterns in the developing pancreas. Highly specific expression of ETS-family components is observed in pancreatic progenitor cells or the associated embryonic mesenchyme. Other members are linked to the differentiation of more mature pancreatic cells, including exocrine and endocrine cell types. We find that two members of the Etv subfamily, Etv4 and Etv5, are expressed in cells proximal to pancreatic mesenchyme, and, furthermore, induced in FGF10-arrested pancreatic progenitors suggesting that these factors mediate mesenchymal-to-epithelial signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sune Kobberup
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado 80045, USA
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Nyeng P, Norgaard GA, Kobberup S, Jensen J. FGF10 maintains distal lung bud epithelium and excessive signaling leads to progenitor state arrest, distalization, and goblet cell metaplasia. BMC Dev Biol 2008; 8:2. [PMID: 18186922 PMCID: PMC2263027 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-8-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2007] [Accepted: 01/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interaction with the surrounding mesenchyme is necessary for development of endodermal organs, and Fibroblast growth factors have recently emerged as mesenchymal-expressed morphogens that direct endodermal morphogenesis. The fibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10) null mouse is characterized by the absence of lung bud development. Previous studies have shown that this requirement for Fgf10 is due in part to its role as a chemotactic factor during branching morphogenesis. In other endodermal organs Fgf10 also plays a role in regulating differentiation. RESULTS Through gain-of-function analysis, we here find that FGF10 inhibits differentiation of the lung epithelium and promotes distalization of the embryonic lung. Ectopic expression of FGF10 in the lung epithelium caused impaired lung development and perinatal lethality in a transgenic mouse model. Lung lobes were enlarged due to increased interlobular distance and hyperplasia of the airway epithelium. Differentiation of bronchial and alveolar cell lineages was inhibited. The transgenic epithelium consisted predominantly of proliferating progenitor-like cells expressing Pro-surfactant protein C, TTF1, PEA3 and Clusterin similarly to immature distal tip cells. Strikingly, goblet cells developed within this arrested epithelium leading to goblet cell hyperplasia. CONCLUSION We conclude that FGF10 inhibits terminal differentiation in the embryonic lung and maintains the distal epithelium, and that excessive levels of FGF10 leads to metaplastic differentiation of goblet cells similar to that seen in chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Nyeng
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Lerner Research Institute, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland Ohio, USA.
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Jensen J, Nyeng P, MacDonald RJ, Kobberup S. WITHDRAWN: Conditional control of pancreatic progenitor maintenance and differentiation by FGF10 uncovers an endocrine-specific competence window in development. Dev Biol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.03.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Olesen C, Nyeng P, Kalisz M, Jensen TH, Møller M, Tommerup N, Byskov AG. Global gene expression analysis in fetal mouse ovaries with and without meiosis and comparison of selected genes with meiosis in the testis. Cell Tissue Res 2006; 328:207-21. [PMID: 17431699 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-006-0205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2006] [Accepted: 03/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to identify novel genes involved in early meiosis and early ovarian development in the mouse, we used microarray technology to compare transcriptional activity in ovaries without meiotic germ cells at embryonic age 11.5 (E11.5) and E13.5 ovaries with meiosis. Overall, 182 genes were differentially expressed; 134 were known genes and 48 were functionally uncharacterized. A comparison of our data with the literature associated, for the first time, at least eight of the known genes with female meiosis/germ cell differentiation (Aldh1a1, C2pa, Tex12, Stk31, Lig3, Id4, Recql, Piwil2). These genes had previously only been described in spermatogenesis. The microarray also detected an abundance of vesicle-related genes of which four were upregulated (Syngr2, Stxbp1, Ric-8, SytIX) and one (Myo1c) was downregulated in E13.5 ovaries. Detailed analysis showed that the temporal expression of SytIX also coincided with the first meiotic wave in the pubertal testis. This is the first time that SytIX has been reported in non-neuronal tissue. Finally, we examined the expression of one of the uncharacterized genes and found it to be gonad-specific in adulthood. We named this novel transcript "Gonad-expressed transcript 1" (Get-1). In situ hybridization showed that Get-1 was expressed in meiotic germ cells in both fetal ovaries and mature testis. Get-1 is therefore a novel gene in both male and female meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Olesen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Center for Children, Women and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Nyeng P, Norgaard GA, Kobberup S, Jensen J. FGF10 signaling controls stomach morphogenesis. Dev Biol 2006; 303:295-310. [PMID: 17196193 PMCID: PMC1864952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2006] [Revised: 11/08/2006] [Accepted: 11/08/2006] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of progenitor cell properties in development is required for proper organogenesis of most organs, including those derived from the endoderm. FGF10 has been shown to play a role in both lung and pancreatic development. Here we find that FGF10 signaling controls stomach progenitor maintenance, morphogenesis and cellular differentiation. Through a characterization of the initiation of terminal differentiation of the three major gastric regions in the mouse, forestomach, corpus and antrum, we first describe the existence of a "secondary transition" event occurring in mouse stomach between E15.5 and E16.5. This includes the formation of terminally differentiated squamous cells, parietal, chief and gastric endocrine cells from a pre-patterned gastric progenitor epithelium. Expression analysis of both FGF and Notch signaling components suggested a role of these networks in such progenitors, which was tested through ectopically expressing FGF10 in the developing posterior stomach. These data provide evidence that gastric gland specification and progenitor cell maintenance is controlled by FGF10. The glandular proliferative niche was disrupted in pPDX-FGF10(FLAG) mice leading to aberrant gland formation, and endocrine and parietal cell differentiation was attenuated. These effects were paralleled by changes in Hes1, Shh and Wnt6 expression, suggesting that FGF10 acts in concert with multiple morphogenetic signaling systems during gastric development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jan Jensen
- Author for correspondence: Jan Jensen, PhD, Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, U. Colorado, HSC. 4200 E 9 Avenue, B140, 80262 Denver, CO, USA, phone + 303-315-1389, fax +303-315-4892. E-mail:
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