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Wiemann J, Menéndez I, Crawford JM, Fabbri M, Gauthier JA, Hull PM, Norell MA, Briggs DEG. Reply to: Amniote metabolism and the evolution of endothermy. Nature 2023; 621:E4-E6. [PMID: 37673991 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06412-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Wiemann
- Earth Science Section, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Iris Menéndez
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Matteo Fabbri
- Earth Science Section, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jacques A Gauthier
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Peabody Museum, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pincelli M Hull
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Peabody Museum, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark A Norell
- Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
| | - Derek E G Briggs
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Peabody Museum, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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2
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van der Ploeg R, Cramwinckel MJ, Kocken IJ, Leutert TJ, Bohaty SM, Fokkema CD, Hull PM, Meckler AN, Middelburg JJ, Müller IA, Penman DE, Peterse F, Reichart GJ, Sexton PF, Vahlenkamp M, De Vleeschouwer D, Wilson PA, Ziegler M, Sluijs A. North Atlantic surface ocean warming and salinization in response to middle Eocene greenhouse warming. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eabq0110. [PMID: 36696500 PMCID: PMC9876553 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative reconstructions of hydrological change during ancient greenhouse warming events provide valuable insight into warmer-than-modern hydrological cycles but are limited by paleoclimate proxy uncertainties. We present sea surface temperature (SST) records and seawater oxygen isotope (δ18Osw) estimates for the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO), using coupled carbonate clumped isotope (Δ47) and oxygen isotope (δ18Oc) data of well-preserved planktonic foraminifera from the North Atlantic Newfoundland Drifts. These indicate a transient ~3°C warming across the MECO, with absolute temperatures generally in accordance with trace element (Mg/Ca)-based SSTs but lower than biomarker-based SSTs for the same interval. We find a transient ~0.5‰ shift toward higher δ18Osw, which implies increased salinity in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre and potentially a poleward expansion of its northern boundary in response to greenhouse warming. These observations provide constraints on dynamic ocean response to warming events, which are consistent with theory and model simulations predicting an enhanced hydrological cycle under global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin van der Ploeg
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Margot J. Cramwinckel
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ilja J. Kocken
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thomas J. Leutert
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research and Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Steven M. Bohaty
- University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
| | - Chris D. Fokkema
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pincelli M. Hull
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A. Nele Meckler
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research and Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jack J. Middelburg
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Inigo A. Müller
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Donald E. Penman
- Department of Geosciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Francien Peterse
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Reichart
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands
| | - Philip F. Sexton
- School of Environment, Earth & Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Maximilian Vahlenkamp
- MARUM – Center for Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - David De Vleeschouwer
- MARUM – Center for Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Institute of Geology and Paleontology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Paul A. Wilson
- University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
| | - Martin Ziegler
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Appy Sluijs
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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3
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Davis CV, Sibert EC, Jacobs PH, Burls N, Hull PM. Intermediate water circulation drives distribution of Pliocene Oxygen Minimum Zones. Nat Commun 2023; 14:40. [PMID: 36599835 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) play a critical role in global biogeochemical cycling and act as barriers to dispersal for marine organisms. OMZs are currently expanding and intensifying with climate change, however past distributions of OMZs are relatively unknown. Here we present evidence for widespread pelagic OMZs during the Pliocene (5.3-2.6 Ma), the most recent epoch with atmospheric CO2 analogous to modern (~400-450 ppm). The global distribution of OMZ-affiliated planktic foraminifer, Globorotaloides hexagonus, and Earth System and Species Distribution Models show that the Indian Ocean, Eastern Equatorial Pacific, eastern South Pacific, and eastern North Atlantic all supported OMZs in the Pliocene, as today. By contrast, low-oxygen waters were reduced in the North Pacific and expanded in the North Atlantic in the Pliocene. This spatially explicit perspective reveals that a warmer world can support both regionally expanded and contracted OMZs, with intermediate water circulation as a key driver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine V Davis
- Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Elizabeth C Sibert
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peter H Jacobs
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.,Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Natalie Burls
- Department of Atmospheric, Ocean & Earth Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Pincelli M Hull
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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4
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Davis CV, Shaw JO, D’haenens S, Thomas E, Hull PM. Photosymbiont associations persisted in planktic foraminifera during early Eocene hyperthermals at Shatsky Rise (Pacific Ocean). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267636. [PMID: 36155636 PMCID: PMC9512218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the sensitivity of species-level responses to long-term warming will become increasingly important as we look towards a warmer future. Here, we examine photosymbiont associations in planktic foraminifera at Shatsky Rise (ODP Site 1209, Pacific Ocean) across periods of global warming of differing magnitude and duration. We compare published data from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM; ~55.9 Ma) with data from the less intense Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (ETM2; ~54.0 Ma), and H2 events (~53.9 Ma). We use a positive relationship between test size and carbon isotope value (size-δ13C) in foraminifera shells as a proxy for photosymbiosis in Morozovella subbotinae and Acarinina soldadoensis, and find no change in photosymbiont associations during the less intense warming events, in contrast with PETM records indicating a shift in symbiosis in A. soldadoensis (but not M. subbotinae). Declines in abundance and differing preservation potential of the asymbiotic species Subbotina roesnaesensis along with sediment mixing likely account for diminished differences in δ13C between symbiotic and asymbiotic species from the PETM and ETM2. We therefore conclude that photosymbiont associations were maintained in both A. soldadoensis and M. subbotinae across ETM2 and H2. Our findings support one or both of the hypotheses that 1) changing symbiotic associations in response to warming during the PETM allowed A. soldadoensis and perhaps other acarininids to thrive through subsequent hyperthermals or 2) some critical environmental threshold value was not reached in these less intense hyperthermals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine V. Davis
- Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Jack O. Shaw
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Simon D’haenens
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Ellen Thomas
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, United States of America
| | - Pincelli M. Hull
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
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5
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Wiemann J, Menéndez I, Crawford JM, Fabbri M, Gauthier JA, Hull PM, Norell MA, Briggs DEG. Fossil biomolecules reveal an avian metabolism in the ancestral dinosaur. Nature 2022; 606:522-526. [PMID: 35614213 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04770-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Birds and mammals independently evolved the highest metabolic rates among living animals1. Their metabolism generates heat that enables active thermoregulation1, shaping the ecological niches they can occupy and their adaptability to environmental change2. The metabolic performance of birds, which exceeds that of mammals, is thought to have evolved along their stem lineage3-10. However, there is no proxy that enables the direct reconstruction of metabolic rates from fossils. Here we use in situ Raman and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to quantify the in vivo accumulation of metabolic lipoxidation signals in modern and fossil amniote bones. We observe no correlation between atmospheric oxygen concentrations11 and metabolic rates. Inferred ancestral states reveal that the metabolic rates consistent with endothermy evolved independently in mammals and plesiosaurs, and are ancestral to ornithodirans, with increasing rates along the avian lineage. High metabolic rates were acquired in pterosaurs, ornithischians, sauropods and theropods well before the advent of energetically costly adaptations, such as flight in birds. Although they had higher metabolic rates ancestrally, ornithischians reduced their metabolic abilities towards ectothermy. The physiological activities of such ectotherms were dependent on environmental and behavioural thermoregulation12, in contrast to the active lifestyles of endotherms1. Giant sauropods and theropods were not gigantothermic9,10, but true endotherms. Endothermy in many Late Cretaceous taxa, in addition to crown mammals and birds, suggests that attributes other than metabolism determined their fate during the terminal Cretaceous mass extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Wiemann
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
- Dinosaur Institute, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Iris Menéndez
- Departamento de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Cambio Medioambiental, Instituto de Geociencias (UCM, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Matteo Fabbri
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jacques A Gauthier
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pincelli M Hull
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark A Norell
- Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
| | - Derek E G Briggs
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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6
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Abstract
To make sense of our present biodiversity crises, the modern rate of species extinctions is commonly compared to a benchmark, or 'background,' rate derived from the fossil record. These estimates are critical for bounding the scale of modern diversity loss, but are yet to fully account for the fundamental structure of extinction rates through time. Namely, a substantial fraction of extinctions within the fossil record occurs within relatively short-lived extinction pulses, and not during intervals characterized by background rates of extinction. Accordingly, it is more appropriate to compare the modern event to these pulses than to the long-term average rate. Unfortunately, neither the duration of extinction pulses in the geological record nor the ultimate magnitude of the extinction pulse today is resolved, making assessments of their relative sizes difficult. In addition, the common metric used to compare current and past extinction rates does not correct for large differences in observation duration. Here, we propose a new predictive metric that may be used to ascertain the ultimate extent of the ongoing extinction threat, building on the observation that extinction magnitude in the marine fossil record is correlated to the magnitude of sedimentary turnover. Thus, we propose that the ultimate number of species destined for extinction today can be predicted by way of a quantitative appraisal of humanity's modification of ecosystems as recorded in sediments-that is, by comparing our future rock record with that of the past. The ubiquity of habitat disruption worldwide suggests that a profound mass extinction debt exists today, but one that might yet be averted by preserving and restoring ecosystems and their geological traces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Spalding
- Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Pincelli M. Hull
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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7
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Whalen CD, Hull PM, Briggs DEG. Paleozoic ammonoid ecomorphometrics test ecospace availability as a driver of morphological diversification. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/37/eabc2365. [PMID: 32917688 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc2365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The early burst model suggests that disparity rises rapidly to fill empty ecospace following clade origination or in the aftermath of a mass extinction. Early bursts are considered common features of fossil data, but neontological studies have struggled to identify them. Furthermore, tests have proven difficult because factors besides ecology can drive changes in morphology. Here, we document the ecomorphometric evolution of the extinct Ammonoidea at 1-million-year resolution, from their origination in the Early Devonian (Emsian) to the Early Triassic (Induan), over ~156 million years. This time interval encompasses six global extinction events, including two of the Big Five, and incorporates multiple ammonoid radiations. However, we find no evidence for early bursts of ecomorphological disparity. This contradicts arguments that the temporal scope, or traits measured in genomic data, conceal evidence of early bursts. Rather, early bursts may be less prevalent in fossil data than is often assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Whalen
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, 210 Whitney Ave., New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Pincelli M Hull
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, 210 Whitney Ave., New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, 170 Whitney Ave., New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Derek E G Briggs
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, 210 Whitney Ave., New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, 170 Whitney Ave., New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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8
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Payne JL, Bachan A, Heim NA, Hull PM, Knope ML. The evolution of complex life and the stabilization of the Earth system. Interface Focus 2020; 10:20190106. [PMID: 32642051 PMCID: PMC7333899 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2019.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The half-billion-year history of animal evolution is characterized by decreasing rates of background extinction. Earth's increasing habitability for animals could result from several processes: (i) a decrease in the intensity of interactions among species that lead to extinctions; (ii) a decrease in the prevalence or intensity of geological triggers such as flood basalt eruptions and bolide impacts; (iii) a decrease in the sensitivity of animals to environmental disturbance; or (iv) an increase in the strength of stabilizing feedbacks within the climate system and biogeochemical cycles. There is no evidence that the prevalence or intensity of interactions among species or geological extinction triggers have decreased over time. There is, however, evidence from palaeontology, geochemistry and comparative physiology that animals have become more resilient to an environmental change and that the evolution of complex life has, on the whole, strengthened stabilizing feedbacks in the climate system. The differential success of certain phyla and classes appears to result, at least in part, from the anatomical solutions to the evolution of macroscopic size that were arrived at largely during Ediacaran and Cambrian time. Larger-bodied animals, enabled by increased anatomical complexity, were increasingly able to mix the marine sediment and water columns, thus promoting stability in biogeochemical cycles. In addition, body plans that also facilitated ecological differentiation have tended to be associated with lower rates of extinction. In this sense, Cambrian solutions to Cambrian problems have had a lasting impact on the trajectory of complex life and, in turn, fundamental properties of the Earth system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L. Payne
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Building 320, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aviv Bachan
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Building 320, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Noel A. Heim
- Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Pincelli M. Hull
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, 210 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Matthew L. Knope
- Department of Biology, University of Hawaii-Hilo, 200 West Kawili Street, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
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9
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Davis CV, Livsey CM, Palmer HM, Hull PM, Thomas E, Hill TM, Benitez-Nelson CR. Extensive morphological variability in asexually produced planktic foraminifera. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eabb8930. [PMID: 32937545 PMCID: PMC10662364 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb8930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Marine protists are integral to the structure and function of pelagic ecosystems and marine carbon cycling, with rhizarian biomass alone accounting for more than half of all mesozooplankton in the oligotrophic oceans. Yet, understanding how their environment shapes diversity within species and across taxa is limited by a paucity of observations of heritability and life history. Here, we present observations of asexual reproduction, morphologic plasticity, and ontogeny in the planktic foraminifer Neogloboquadrina pachyderma in laboratory culture. Our results demonstrate that planktic foraminifera reproduce both sexually and asexually and demonstrate extensive phenotypic plasticity in response to nonheritable factors. These two processes fundamentally explain the rapid spatial and temporal response of even imperceptibly low populations of planktic foraminifera to optimal conditions and the diversity and ubiquity of these species across the range of environmental conditions that occur in the ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine V Davis
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- School of the Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Caitlin M Livsey
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hannah M Palmer
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Pincelli M Hull
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ellen Thomas
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA
| | - Tessa M Hill
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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10
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Hull PM, Bornemann A, Penman DE, Henehan MJ, Norris RD, Wilson PA, Blum P, Alegret L, Batenburg SJ, Bown PR, Bralower TJ, Cournede C, Deutsch A, Donner B, Friedrich O, Jehle S, Kim H, Kroon D, Lippert PC, Loroch D, Moebius I, Moriya K, Peppe DJ, Ravizza GE, Röhl U, Schueth JD, Sepúlveda J, Sexton PF, Sibert EC, Śliwińska KK, Summons RE, Thomas E, Westerhold T, Whiteside JH, Yamaguchi T, Zachos JC. On impact and volcanism across the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. Science 2020; 367:266-272. [PMID: 31949074 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay5055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The cause of the end-Cretaceous mass extinction is vigorously debated, owing to the occurrence of a very large bolide impact and flood basalt volcanism near the boundary. Disentangling their relative importance is complicated by uncertainty regarding kill mechanisms and the relative timing of volcanogenic outgassing, impact, and extinction. We used carbon cycle modeling and paleotemperature records to constrain the timing of volcanogenic outgassing. We found support for major outgassing beginning and ending distinctly before the impact, with only the impact coinciding with mass extinction and biologically amplified carbon cycle change. Our models show that these extinction-related carbon cycle changes would have allowed the ocean to absorb massive amounts of carbon dioxide, thus limiting the global warming otherwise expected from postextinction volcanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pincelli M Hull
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - André Bornemann
- Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, 30655 Hannover, Germany
| | - Donald E Penman
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Michael J Henehan
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.,GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Richard D Norris
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Paul A Wilson
- National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Peter Blum
- International Ocean Discovery Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Laia Alegret
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra and Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Paul R Bown
- Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Timothy J Bralower
- Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Cecile Cournede
- CEREGE, Université Aix-Marseille, 13545 Aix en Provence, France.,Institute for Rock Magnetism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Alexander Deutsch
- Institut für Planetologie, Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Barbara Donner
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sofie Jehle
- Institut für Geophysik und Geologie, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hojung Kim
- Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Dick Kroon
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, UK
| | - Peter C Lippert
- Department of Geology & Geophysics, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Dominik Loroch
- Institut für Planetologie, Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Iris Moebius
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Biogeochemical Systems, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Kazuyoshi Moriya
- Department of Earth Sciences, Waseda University, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan
| | - Daniel J Peppe
- Department of Geosciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Gregory E Ravizza
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Ursula Röhl
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Julio Sepúlveda
- Department of Geological Sciences and Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Philip F Sexton
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Sibert
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Harvard Society of Fellows, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kasia K Śliwińska
- Department of Stratigraphy, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Roger E Summons
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ellen Thomas
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.,Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, USA
| | - Thomas Westerhold
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Jessica H Whiteside
- National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | | | - James C Zachos
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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11
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Dawson RR, Field DJ, Hull PM, Zelenitsky DK, Therrien F, Affek HP. Eggshell geochemistry reveals ancestral metabolic thermoregulation in Dinosauria. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaax9361. [PMID: 32110726 PMCID: PMC7021498 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax9361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Studying the origin of avian thermoregulation is complicated by a lack of reliable methods for measuring body temperatures in extinct dinosaurs. Evidence from bone histology and stableisotopes often relies on uncertain assumptions about the relationship between growth rate and body temperature, or the isotopic composition (δ18O) of body water. Clumped isotope (Δ47) paleothermometry, based on binding of 13C to 18O, provides a more robust tool, but has yet to be applied across a broad phylogenetic range of dinosaurs while accounting for paleoenvironmental conditions. Applying this method to well-preserved fossil eggshells demonstrates that the three major clades of dinosaurs, Ornithischia, Sauropodomorpha, and Theropoda, were characterized by warm body temperatures. Dwarf titanosaurs may have exhibited similar body temperatures to larger sauropods, although this conclusion isprovisional, given current uncertainties in taxonomic assignment of dwarf titanosaur eggshell. Our results nevertheless reveal that metabolically controlled thermoregulation was the ancestral condition for Dinosauria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin R. Dawson
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Daniel J. Field
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Pincelli M. Hull
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Darla K. Zelenitsky
- Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - François Therrien
- Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, Drumheller, Alberta T0J 0Y0, Canada
| | - Hagit P. Affek
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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12
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Boag TH, Stockey RG, Elder LE, Hull PM, Sperling EA. Oxygen, temperature and the deep-marine stenothermal cradle of Ediacaran evolution. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:20181724. [PMID: 30963899 PMCID: PMC6304043 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.1724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ediacaran fossils document the early evolution of complex megascopic life, contemporaneous with geochemical evidence for widespread marine anoxia. These data suggest early animals experienced frequent hypoxia. Research has thus focused on the concentration of molecular oxygen (O2) required by early animals, while also considering the impacts of climate. One model, the Cold Cradle hypothesis, proposed the Ediacaran biota originated in cold, shallow-water environments owing to increased O2 solubility. First, we demonstrate using principles of gas exchange that temperature does have a critical role in governing the bioavailability of O2-but in cooler water the supply of O2 is actually lower. Second, the fossil record suggests the Ediacara biota initially occur approximately 571 Ma in deep-water facies, before appearing in shelf environments approximately 555 Ma. We propose an ecophysiological underpinning for this pattern. By combining oceanographic data with new respirometry experiments we show that in the shallow mixed layer where seasonal temperatures fluctuate widely, thermal and partial pressure ( pO2) effects are highly synergistic. The result is that temperature change away from species-specific optima impairs tolerance to low pO2. We hypothesize that deep and particularly stenothermal (narrow temperature range) environments in the Ediacaran ocean were a physiological refuge from the synergistic effects of temperature and low pO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H. Boag
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Richard G. Stockey
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Leanne E. Elder
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Pincelli M. Hull
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Erik A. Sperling
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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13
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Kahanamoku SS, Hull PM, Lindberg DR, Hsiang AY, Clites EC, Finnegan S. Twelve thousand recent patellogastropods from a northeastern Pacific latitudinal gradient. Sci Data 2018; 5:170197. [PMID: 29313842 PMCID: PMC5759373 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2017.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Body size distributions can vary widely among communities, with important implications for ecological dynamics, energetics, and evolutionary history. Here we present a dataset of body size and shape for 12,035 extant Patellogastropoda (true limpet) specimens from the collections of the University of California Museum of Paleontology, compiled using a novel high-throughput morphometric imaging method. These specimens were collected over the past 150 years at 355 localities along a latitudinal gradient ranging from Alaska to Baja California, Mexico and are presented here with individual images, 2D outline coordinates, and 2D measurements of body size and shape. This dataset provides a resource for assemblage-scale macroecological questions and documents the size and diversity of recent patellogastropods in the northeastern Pacific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara S Kahanamoku
- Yale University, Department of Geology & Geophysics, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.,University of California, Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Paleontology, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Pincelli M Hull
- Yale University, Department of Geology & Geophysics, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - David R Lindberg
- University of California, Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Paleontology, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Allison Y Hsiang
- Yale University, Department of Geology & Geophysics, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.,Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Stockholm 10405, Sweden
| | - Erica C Clites
- University of California Museum of Paleontology, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Seth Finnegan
- University of California, Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Paleontology, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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14
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Hsiang AY, Nelson K, Elder LE, Sibert EC, Kahanamoku SS, Burke JE, Kelly A, Liu Y, Hull PM. AutoMorph
: Accelerating morphometrics with automated 2D and 3D image processing and shape extraction. Methods Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allison Y. Hsiang
- Department of Geology and GeophysicsYale University New Haven CT USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and GeneticsSwedish Museum of Natural History Stockholm Sweden
| | - Kaylea Nelson
- Department of Geology and GeophysicsYale University New Haven CT USA
| | - Leanne E. Elder
- Department of Geology and GeophysicsYale University New Haven CT USA
| | - Elizabeth C. Sibert
- Harvard Society of FellowsHarvard University Cambridge MA USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesHarvard University Cambridge MA USA
| | - Sara S. Kahanamoku
- Department of Geology and GeophysicsYale University New Haven CT USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of PaleontologyUniversity of California Berkeley CA USA
| | - Janet E. Burke
- Department of Geology and GeophysicsYale University New Haven CT USA
| | - Abigail Kelly
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Panama
| | - Yusu Liu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA
| | - Pincelli M. Hull
- Department of Geology and GeophysicsYale University New Haven CT USA
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15
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Abstract
The structure and function of marine ecosystems are not fixed. Instead, major innovations - from the origin of oxygenic photosynthesis, to the evolution of reefs or of deep bioturbation, to the rise of pelagic calcifiers - have changed biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem dynamics. As a result, modern marine ecosystems are fundamentally different from those in the distant past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pincelli M Hull
- Department of Geology & Geophysics, Yale University, PO Box 208109, New Haven, CT 06520-8109, USA.
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16
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Wang XL, Planavsky NJ, Hull PM, Tripati AE, Zou HJ, Elder L, Henehan M. Chromium isotopic composition of core-top planktonic foraminifera. Geobiology 2017; 15:51-64. [PMID: 27392225 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The chromium isotope system (53 Cr/52 Cr expressed as δ53 Cr relative to NIST SRM 979) is potentially a powerful proxy for the redox state of the ocean-atmosphere system, but a lack of temporally continuous, well-calibrated archives has limited its application to date. Marine carbonates could potentially serve as a common and continuous Cr isotope archive. Here, we present the first evaluation of planktonic foraminiferal calcite as an archive of seawater δ53 Cr. We show that single foraminiferal species from globally distributed core tops yielded variable δ53 Cr, ranging from 0.1‰ to 2.5‰. These values do not match with the existing measurements of seawater δ53 Cr. Further, within a single core-top, species with similar water column distributions (i.e., depth habitats) yielded variable δ53 Cr values. In addition, mixed layer and thermocline species do not consistently exhibit decreasing trends in δ53 Cr as expected based on current understanding of Cr cycling in the ocean. These observations suggest that either seawater δ53 Cr is more heterogeneous than previously thought or that there is significant and species-dependent Cr isotope fractionation during foraminiferal calcification. Given that the δ53 Cr variability is comparable to that observed in geological samples throughout Earth's history, interpreting planktonic foraminiferal δ53 Cr without calibrating modern foraminifera further, and without additional seawater measurements, would lead to erroneous conclusions. Our core-top survey clearly indicates that planktonic foraminifera are not a straightforward δ53 Cr archive and should not be used to study marine redox evolution without additional study. It likewise cautions against the use of δ53 Cr in bulk carbonate or other biogenic archives pending further work on vital effects and the geographic heterogeneity of the Cr isotope composition of seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Wang
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - P M Hull
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A E Tripati
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Université de Brest, Plouzané, France
| | - H J Zou
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - L Elder
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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17
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Hsiang AY, Elder LE, Hull PM. Towards a morphological metric of assemblage dynamics in the fossil record: a test case using planktonic foraminifera. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 371:20150227. [PMID: 26977067 PMCID: PMC4810820 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
With a glance, even the novice naturalist can tell you something about the ecology of a given ecosystem. This is because the morphology of individuals reflects their evolutionary history and ecology, and imparts a distinct ‘look’ to communities—making it possible to immediately discern between deserts and forests, or coral reefs and abyssal plains. Once quantified, morphology can provide a common metric for characterizing communities across space and time and, if measured rapidly, serve as a powerful tool for quantifying biotic dynamics. Here, we present and test a new high-throughput approach for analysing community shape in the fossil record using semi-three-dimensional (3D) morphometrics from vertically stacked images (light microscopic or photogrammetric). We assess the potential informativeness of community morphology in a first analysis of the relationship between 3D morphology, ecology and phylogeny in 16 extant species of planktonic foraminifera—an abundant group in the marine fossil record—and in a preliminary comparison of four assemblages from the North Atlantic. In the species examined, phylogenetic relatedness was most closely correlated with ecology, with all three ecological traits examined (depth habitat, symbiont ecology and biogeography) showing significant phylogenetic signal. By contrast, morphological trees (based on 3D shape similarity) were relatively distantly related to both ecology and phylogeny. Although improvements are needed to realize the full utility of community morphometrics, our approach already provides robust volumetric measurements of assemblage size, a key ecological characteristic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Y Hsiang
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208109, New Haven, CT 06520-8109, USA
| | - Leanne E Elder
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208109, New Haven, CT 06520-8109, USA
| | - Pincelli M Hull
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208109, New Haven, CT 06520-8109, USA
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18
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Henehan MJ, Hull PM, Penman DE, Rae JWB, Schmidt DN. Biogeochemical significance of pelagic ecosystem function: an end-Cretaceous case study. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 371:20150510. [PMID: 27114586 PMCID: PMC4843705 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelagic ecosystem function is integral to global biogeochemical cycling, and plays a major role in modulating atmospheric CO2 concentrations (pCO2). Uncertainty as to the effects of human activities on marine ecosystem function hinders projection of future atmospheric pCO2 To this end, events in the geological past can provide informative case studies in the response of ecosystem function to environmental and ecological changes. Around the Cretaceous-Palaeogene (K-Pg) boundary, two such events occurred: Deccan large igneous province (LIP) eruptions and massive bolide impact at the Yucatan Peninsula. Both perturbed the environment, but only the impact coincided with marine mass extinction. As such, we use these events to directly contrast the response of marine biogeochemical cycling to environmental perturbation with and without changes in global species richness. We measure this biogeochemical response using records of deep-sea carbonate preservation. We find that Late Cretaceous Deccan volcanism prompted transient deep-sea carbonate dissolution of a larger magnitude and timescale than predicted by geochemical models. Even so, the effect of volcanism on carbonate preservation was slight compared with bolide impact. Empirical records and geochemical models support a pronounced increase in carbonate saturation state for more than 500 000 years following the mass extinction of pelagic carbonate producers at the K-Pg boundary. These examples highlight the importance of pelagic ecosystems in moderating climate and ocean chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Henehan
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, 210 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Pincelli M Hull
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, 210 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Donald E Penman
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, 210 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - James W B Rae
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of St Andrews, Irvine Building, St Andrews KY16 9AL, UK
| | - Daniela N Schmidt
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queens Road, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK
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19
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Hull PM, Darroch SAF, Erwin DH. Rarity in mass extinctions and the future of ecosystems. Nature 2015; 528:345-51. [DOI: 10.1038/nature16160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Manousaki T, Hull PM, Kusche H, Machado-Schiaffino G, Franchini P, Harrod C, Elmer KR, Meyer A. Parsing parallel evolution: ecological divergence and differential gene expression in the adaptive radiations of thick-lipped Midas cichlid fishes from Nicaragua. Mol Ecol 2012; 22:650-69. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gonzalo Machado-Schiaffino
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Department of Biology; University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10; 78457; Konstanz; Germany
| | - Paolo Franchini
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Department of Biology; University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10; 78457; Konstanz; Germany
| | | | - Kathryn R. Elmer
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Department of Biology; University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10; 78457; Konstanz; Germany
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