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Muchhala KH, Kallurkar PS, Kang M, Koseli E, Poklis JL, Xu Q, Dewey WL, Fettweis JM, Jimenez NR, Akbarali HI. The role of morphine- and fentanyl-induced impairment of intestinal epithelial antibacterial activity in dysbiosis and its impact on the microbiota-gut-brain axis. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23603. [PMID: 38648368 PMCID: PMC11047137 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301590rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that chronic exposure to opioid analgesics such as morphine disrupts the intestinal epithelial layer and causes intestinal dysbiosis. Depleting gut bacteria can preclude the development of tolerance to opioid-induced antinociception, suggesting an important role of the gut-brain axis in mediating opioid effects. The mechanism underlying opioid-induced dysbiosis, however, remains unclear. Host-produced antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are critical for the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier as they prevent the pathogenesis of the enteric microbiota. Here, we report that chronic morphine or fentanyl exposure reduces the antimicrobial activity in the ileum, resulting in changes in the composition of bacteria. Fecal samples from morphine-treated mice had increased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila with a shift in the abundance ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Fecal microbial transplant (FMT) from morphine-naïve mice or oral supplementation with butyrate restored (a) the antimicrobial activity, (b) the expression of the antimicrobial peptide, Reg3γ, (c) prevented the increase in intestinal permeability and (d) prevented the development of antinociceptive tolerance in morphine-dependent mice. Improved epithelial barrier function with FMT or butyrate prevented the enrichment of the mucin-degrading A. muciniphila in morphine-dependent mice. These data implicate impairment of the antimicrobial activity of the intestinal epithelium as a mechanism by which opioids disrupt the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan H. Muchhala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Prajkta S. Kallurkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Minho Kang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Eda Koseli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Justin L. Poklis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Qingguo Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - William L. Dewey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Fettweis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Nicole R. Jimenez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Hamid I. Akbarali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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David CK, Sugimura YK, Kallurkar PS, Picardo MCD, Saha MS, Conradi Smith GD, Del Negro CA. Single cell transcriptome sequencing of inspiratory neurons of the preBötzinger complex in neonatal mice. Sci Data 2022; 9:457. [PMID: 35907922 PMCID: PMC9338969 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01569-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons in the brainstem preBötzinger complex (preBötC) generate the rhythm and rudimentary motor pattern for inspiratory breathing movements. We performed whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from inspiratory neurons in the preBötC of neonatal mouse slices that retain breathing-related rhythmicity in vitro. We classified neurons based on their electrophysiological properties and genetic background, and then aspirated their cellular contents for single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). This data set provides the raw nucleotide sequences (FASTQ files) and annotated files of nucleotide sequences mapped to the mouse genome (mm10 from Ensembl), which includes the fragment counts, gene lengths, and fragments per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads (FPKM). These data reflect the transcriptomes of the neurons that generate the rhythm and pattern for inspiratory breathing movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline K David
- Department of Applied Science, William & Mary, 540 Landrum Drive, Williamsburg, Virginia, 23185, USA
| | - Yae K Sugimura
- Department of Neuroscience, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Prajkta S Kallurkar
- Department of Applied Science, William & Mary, 540 Landrum Drive, Williamsburg, Virginia, 23185, USA
| | - Maria Cristina D Picardo
- Department of Applied Science, William & Mary, 540 Landrum Drive, Williamsburg, Virginia, 23185, USA
| | - Margaret S Saha
- Department of Biology, William & Mary, 540 Landrum Drive, Williamsburg, Virginia, 23185, USA
| | - Gregory D Conradi Smith
- Department of Applied Science, William & Mary, 540 Landrum Drive, Williamsburg, Virginia, 23185, USA
| | - Christopher A Del Negro
- Department of Applied Science, William & Mary, 540 Landrum Drive, Williamsburg, Virginia, 23185, USA.
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Kallurkar PS, Picardo MCD, Sugimura YK, Saha MS, Conradi Smith GD, Del Negro CA. Transcriptomes of electrophysiologically recorded Dbx1-derived respiratory neurons of the preBötzinger complex in neonatal mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2923. [PMID: 35190626 PMCID: PMC8861066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06834-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Breathing depends on interneurons in the preBötzinger complex (preBötC) derived from Dbx1-expressing precursors. Here we investigate whether rhythm- and pattern-generating functions reside in discrete classes of Dbx1 preBötC neurons. In a slice model of breathing with ~ 5 s cycle period, putatively rhythmogenic Type-1 Dbx1 preBötC neurons activate 100-300 ms prior to Type-2 neurons, putatively specialized for output pattern, and 300-500 ms prior to the inspiratory motor output. We sequenced Type-1 and Type-2 transcriptomes and identified differential expression of 123 genes including ionotropic receptors (Gria3, Gabra1) that may explain their preinspiratory activation profiles and Ca2+ signaling (Cracr2a, Sgk1) involved in inspiratory and sigh bursts. Surprisingly, neuropeptide receptors that influence breathing (e.g., µ-opioid and bombesin-like peptide receptors) were only sparsely expressed, which suggests that cognate peptides and opioid drugs exert their profound effects on a small fraction of the preBötC core. These data in the public domain help explain the neural origins of breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yae K Sugimura
- Department of Neuroscience, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Margaret S Saha
- Department of Biology, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
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Picardo MCD, Sugimura YK, Dorst KE, Kallurkar PS, Akins VT, Ma X, Teruyama R, Guinamard R, Kam K, Saha MS, Del Negro CA. Trpm4 ion channels in pre-Bötzinger complex interneurons are essential for breathing motor pattern but not rhythm. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e2006094. [PMID: 30789900 PMCID: PMC6400419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2006094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inspiratory breathing movements depend on pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) interneurons that express calcium (Ca2+)-activated nonselective cationic current (ICAN) to generate robust neural bursts. Hypothesized to be rhythmogenic, reducing ICAN is predicted to slow down or stop breathing; its contributions to motor pattern would be reflected in the magnitude of movements (output). We tested the role(s) of ICAN using reverse genetic techniques to diminish its putative ion channels Trpm4 or Trpc3 in preBötC neurons in vivo. Adult mice transduced with Trpm4-targeted short hairpin RNA (shRNA) progressively decreased the tidal volume of breaths yet surprisingly increased breathing frequency, often followed by gasping and fatal respiratory failure. Mice transduced with Trpc3-targeted shRNA survived with no changes in breathing. Patch-clamp and field recordings from the preBötC in mouse slices also showed an increase in the frequency and a decrease in the magnitude of preBötC neural bursts in the presence of Trpm4 antagonist 9-phenanthrol, whereas the Trpc3 antagonist pyrazole-3 (pyr-3) showed inconsistent effects on magnitude and no effect on frequency. These data suggest that Trpm4 mediates ICAN, whose influence on frequency contradicts a direct role in rhythm generation. We conclude that Trpm4-mediated ICAN is indispensable for motor output but not the rhythmogenic core mechanism of the breathing central pattern generator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina D. Picardo
- Department of Applied Science, Integrated Science Center, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Yae K. Sugimura
- Department of Applied Science, Integrated Science Center, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Kaitlyn E. Dorst
- Department of Applied Science, Integrated Science Center, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Prajkta S. Kallurkar
- Department of Applied Science, Integrated Science Center, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Victoria T. Akins
- Department of Applied Science, Integrated Science Center, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Xingru Ma
- Department of Applied Science, Integrated Science Center, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ryoichi Teruyama
- Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Romain Guinamard
- Signalisation, Electrophysiologie et Imagerie des Lésions d’Ischémie-Reperfusion Myocardique, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Kaiwen Kam
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Margaret S. Saha
- Department of Biology, Integrated Science Center, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Del Negro
- Department of Applied Science, Integrated Science Center, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, United States of America
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