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Tran-Nguyen PL, Angkawijaya AE, Ha QN, Tran-Chuong YN, Go AW, Bundjaja V, Gunarto C, Santoso SP, Ju YH. Facile synthesis of superparamagnetic thiamine/Fe 3O 4 with enhanced adsorptivity toward divalent copper ions. Chemosphere 2022; 291:132759. [PMID: 34742753 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of environmentally friendly adsorbents has been extensively carried out to overcome the detrimental effects of heavy metal accumulation, which has persistently become a global ecological problem. In pursuit of generating eco-friendly adsorbents, a green method for synthesizing thiamine functionalized-Fe3O4 (FT) was developed in this study. A one-step chemical oxidation and functionalization technique was used to prepare FT using the ammonia-containing solvent. A molar ratio of ammonia:Fe:thiamine of 15:1:1 was shown to produce FT15 with high yield, adsorptivity, and purity. XRD, XPS, FTIR, SEM, and SQUID characterization of FT15 revealed the formation of superparamagnetic thiamine functionalized Fe3O4 in their particles. This superparamagneticity facilitates the easy recovery of FT15 particles from the waste-containing solution by using an external magnetic force. The batch adsorption of Cu(II) onto FT15 showed the best fit with the Sips adsorption isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 426.076 mg g-1, which is 5.69-fold higher capacity than the control unmodified Fe3O4 (F15). After five adsorption-desorption cycles, the FT15 can maintain up to 1.95-fold higher capacity than the freshly synthesized F15. Observation on the physicochemical properties of the post-adsorption materials showed the contribution of an amine group, pyrimidine ring, and the thiazolium group of thiamine in boosting its adsorption capacity. This study provides important findings to advance the adsorptivity of magnetic adsorbents with promising recoverability from aqueous solution by employing naturally available and environmentally friendly compounds such as thiamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Lan Tran-Nguyen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Can Tho University, 3/2 Street, Can Tho City, Viet Nam.
| | - Artik Elisa Angkawijaya
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, #43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Taipei, 10607, Taiwan.
| | - Quoc Nam Ha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, #43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Yen Nhi Tran-Chuong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, #43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Alchris Woo Go
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, #43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Vania Bundjaja
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, #43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Chintya Gunarto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, #43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Taipei, 10607, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya, 60114, Indonesia
| | - Shella Permatasari Santoso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, #43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Taipei, 10607, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya, 60114, Indonesia
| | - Yi-Hsu Ju
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, #43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Taipei, 10607, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, #43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Taipei, 10607, Taiwan; Taiwan Building Technology Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, #43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
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Abstract
Prior studies have revealed the presence of chymotrypsinlike protease in peripheral organs, although no definitive evidence for the synthesis of this enzyme in tissue other than the pancreas is available. In an attempt to detect chymotrypsinogen mRNA in peripheral organs, a fragment of the pancreatic chymotrypsin mRNA from rat was amplified using PCR. The sequence was identified as a portion of the rat chymotrypsin B gene overlapping exon 5 through exon 7. It was subcloned into the pGEM-4Z vector and used as a template for the vitro transcription of an antisense riboprobe. Using ribonuclease protection and Northern blot analyses, chymotrypsin mRNA was detected in the rat pancreas, stomach, duodenum, ovary, and spleen. Monoclonal and polyclonal antisera against chymotrypsin detected chymotrypsinlike immunoreactivity in rat and human pancreas, rat stomach, duodenum and jejunum. Electrophoresis and immunoblotting revealed chymotrypsin-chymotrypsinogen bands (25-29 kDa) in the stomach and duodenum. Synthesis of a potent protease such as chymotrypsin in tissue other than pancreas is significant, suggesting a potential physiological and/or pathological role in these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- X C Wang
- Laboratory of Clinical Science, NIMH, Bldg. 10, Room 3D-48, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1266, Bethesda, MD 20892-1266, USA
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Abstract
Calretinin, a highly evolutionarily conserved E-F hand calcium binding protein, is expressed predominantly in neurons, with a few exceptions. The function of calretinin is not known. We demonstrate the expression of calretinin mRNA and protein in rat testes. Immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization reveal that calretinin expression in testis is localized to the interstitial Leydig cells. Western blot and ribonuclease protection analyses show that calretinin protein and mRNA in testis is the same as that expressed in brain. It is suggested that calretinin may play a role in the production of testosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Strauss
- NIMH, Laboratory of Clinical Science, Bethesda, MD 20892
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