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Chakraborty S, DiBerto JF, Faouzi A, Bernhard SM, Gutridge AM, Ramsey S, Zhou Y, Provasi D, Nuthikattu N, Jilakara R, Nelson MNF, Asher WB, Eans SO, Wilson LL, Chintala SM, Filizola M, van Rijn RM, Margolis EB, Roth BL, McLaughlin JP, Che T, Sames D, Javitch JA, Majumdar S. A Novel Mitragynine Analog with Low-Efficacy Mu Opioid Receptor Agonism Displays Antinociception with Attenuated Adverse Effects. J Med Chem 2021; 64:13873-13892. [PMID: 34505767 PMCID: PMC8530377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine (7OH) are the major alkaloids mediating the biological actions of the psychoactive plant kratom. To investigate the structure-activity relationships of mitragynine/7OH templates, we diversified the aromatic ring of the indole at the C9, C10, and C12 positions and investigated their G-protein and arrestin signaling mediated by mu opioid receptors (MOR). Three synthesized lead C9 analogs replacing the 9-OCH3 group with phenyl (4), methyl (5), or 3'-furanyl [6 (SC13)] substituents demonstrated partial agonism with a lower efficacy than DAMGO or morphine in heterologous G-protein assays and synaptic physiology. In assays limiting MOR reserve, the G-protein efficacy of all three was comparable to buprenorphine. 6 (SC13) showed MOR-dependent analgesia with potency similar to morphine without respiratory depression, hyperlocomotion, constipation, or place conditioning in mice. These results suggest the possibility of activating MOR minimally (G-protein Emax ≈ 10%) in cell lines while yet attaining maximal antinociception in vivo with reduced opioid liabilities.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects
- Analgesics, Opioid/chemical synthesis
- Analgesics, Opioid/metabolism
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Molecular Dynamics Simulation
- Molecular Structure
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids/adverse effects
- Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids/chemical synthesis
- Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids/metabolism
- Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids/pharmacology
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Mice
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Chakraborty
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences
& Pharmacy at St. Louis and Washington University School of Medicine,
St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States; Department of Anesthesiology,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United
States
| | - Jeffrey F. DiBerto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United
States
| | - Abdelfattah Faouzi
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences
& Pharmacy at St. Louis and Washington University School of Medicine,
St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States; Department of Anesthesiology,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United
States
| | - Sarah M. Bernhard
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences
& Pharmacy at St. Louis and Washington University School of Medicine,
St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States; Department of Anesthesiology,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United
States
| | - Anna M. Gutridge
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology,
College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907,
United States
| | - Steven Ramsey
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at
Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Yuchen Zhou
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at
Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Davide Provasi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at
Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Nitin Nuthikattu
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences
& Pharmacy at St. Louis and Washington University School of Medicine,
St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States; Department of Anesthesiology,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United
States
| | - Rahul Jilakara
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences
& Pharmacy at St. Louis and Washington University School of Medicine,
St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States; Department of Anesthesiology,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United
States
| | - Melissa N. F. Nelson
- Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and
Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric
Institute, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Wesley B. Asher
- Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and
Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric
Institute, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Shainnel O. Eans
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida,
Gainesville, Florida 032610, United States
| | - Lisa L. Wilson
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida,
Gainesville, Florida 032610, United States
| | - Satyanarayana M. Chintala
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of
Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Marta Filizola
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine
at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Richard M. van Rijn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology,
College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907,
United States
| | - Elyssa B. Margolis
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences,
University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158,
United States
| | - Bryan L. Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United
States
| | - Jay P. McLaughlin
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida,
Gainesville, Florida 032610, United States
| | - Tao Che
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences
& Pharmacy at St. Louis and Washington University School of Medicine,
St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States; Department of Anesthesiology,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United
States; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United
States
| | - Dalibor Sames
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York 10027,
United States
| | - Jonathan A. Javitch
- Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Pharmacology and
Therapeutics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and
Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric
Institute, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Susruta Majumdar
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences
& Pharmacy at St. Louis and Washington University School of Medicine,
St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States; Department of Anesthesiology,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United
States
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Chakraborty S, Uprety R, Daibani AE, Rouzic VL, Hunkele A, Appourchaux K, Eans SO, Nuthikattu N, Jilakara R, Thammavong L, Pasternak GW, Pan YX, McLaughlin JP, Che T, Majumdar S. Kratom Alkaloids as Probes for Opioid Receptor Function: Pharmacological Characterization of Minor Indole and Oxindole Alkaloids from Kratom. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2661-2678. [PMID: 34213886 PMCID: PMC8328003 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry leaves of kratom (mitragyna speciosa) are anecdotally consumed as pain relievers and antidotes against opioid withdrawal and alcohol use disorders. There are at least 54 alkaloids in kratom; however, investigations to date have focused around mitragynine, 7-hydroxy mitragynine (7OH), and mitragynine pseudoindoxyl (MP). Herein, we probe a few minor indole and oxindole based alkaloids, reporting the receptor affinity, G-protein activity, and βarrestin-2 signaling of corynantheidine, corynoxine, corynoxine B, mitraciliatine, and isopaynantheine at mouse and human opioid receptors. We identify corynantheidine as a mu opioid receptor (MOR) partial agonist, whereas its oxindole derivative corynoxine was an MOR full agonist. Similarly, another alkaloid mitraciliatine was found to be an MOR partial agonist, while isopaynantheine was a KOR agonist which showed reduced βarrestin-2 recruitment. Corynantheidine, corynoxine, and mitraciliatine showed MOR dependent antinociception in mice, but mitraciliatine and corynoxine displayed attenuated respiratory depression and hyperlocomotion compared to the prototypic MOR agonist morphine in vivo when administered supraspinally. Isopaynantheine on the other hand was identified as the first kratom derived KOR agonist in vivo. While these minor alkaloids are unlikely to play the majority role in the biological actions of kratom, they represent excellent starting points for further diversification as well as distinct efficacy and signaling profiles with which to probe opioid actions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Chakraborty
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences & Pharmacy at St. Louis and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Rajendra Uprety
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Amal E Daibani
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences & Pharmacy at St. Louis and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Valerie L Rouzic
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Amanda Hunkele
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Kevin Appourchaux
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences & Pharmacy at St. Louis and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Shainnel O Eans
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 032610, United States
| | - Nitin Nuthikattu
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences & Pharmacy at St. Louis and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Rahul Jilakara
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences & Pharmacy at St. Louis and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Lisa Thammavong
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences & Pharmacy at St. Louis and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Gavril W Pasternak
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Ying-Xian Pan
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
| | - Jay P McLaughlin
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 032610, United States
| | - Tao Che
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences & Pharmacy at St. Louis and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Susruta Majumdar
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences & Pharmacy at St. Louis and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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