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Courte J, Renault R, Jan A, Viovy JL, Peyrin JM, Villard C. Reconstruction of directed neuronal networks in a microfluidic device with asymmetric microchannels. Methods Cell Biol 2018; 148:71-95. [PMID: 30473075 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices for controlling neuronal connectivity in vitro are extremely useful tools for deciphering pathological and physiological processes occurring in neuronal networks. These devices allow the connection between different neuronal populations located into separate culture chambers through axon-selective microchannels. In order to implement specific features of brain connectivity such as directionality, it is necessary to control axonal growth orientation in these devices. Among the various strategies proposed to achieve this goal, one of the most promising and easily reproducible is the use of asymmetric microchannels. We present here a general protocol and several guidelines for the design, production and testing of a new paradigm of asymmetric microchannels geometries based on a "return to sender" strategy. In this method, axons are either allowed to travel between the emitting and receiving chambers within straight microchannels (forward direction), or are rerouted toward their initial location through curved microchannels (reverse direction). We introduce variations of these "arches" microchannels and evaluate their respective axonal filtering capacities. Importantly, one of these variants presents an almost complete filtration of axonal growth in the non-permissive direction while allowing robust axonal invasion in the other one, with a selectivity ratio as high as 99.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josquin Courte
- Physico-Chimie Curie, Université PSL, CNRS, Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes pour la Microfluidique, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Institut Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Inserm, Neuroscience Paris-Seine, Paris, France.
| | - Renaud Renault
- Physico-Chimie Curie, Université PSL, CNRS, Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes pour la Microfluidique, Paris, France
| | - Audric Jan
- Physico-Chimie Curie, Université PSL, CNRS, Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes pour la Microfluidique, Paris, France; CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Viovy
- Physico-Chimie Curie, Université PSL, CNRS, Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes pour la Microfluidique, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Peyrin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Inserm, Neuroscience Paris-Seine, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Villard
- Physico-Chimie Curie, Université PSL, CNRS, Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes pour la Microfluidique, Paris, France.
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Yamada A, Renault R, Chikina A, Venzac B, Pereiro I, Coscoy S, Verhulsel M, Parrini MC, Villard C, Viovy JL, Descroix S. Transient microfluidic compartmentalization using actionable microfilaments for biochemical assays, cell culture and organs-on-chip. Lab Chip 2016; 16:4691-4701. [PMID: 27797384 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01143h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report here a simple yet robust transient compartmentalization system for microfluidic platforms. Cylindrical microfilaments made of commercially available fishing lines are embedded in a microfluidic chamber and employed as removable walls, dividing the chamber into several compartments. These partitions allow tight sealing for hours, and can be removed at any time by longitudinal sliding with minimal hydrodynamic perturbation. This allows the easy implementation of various functions, previously impossible or requiring more complex instrumentation. In this study, we demonstrate the applications of our strategy, firstly to trigger chemical diffusion, then to make surface co-coating or cell co-culture on a two-dimensional substrate, and finally to form multiple cell-laden hydrogel compartments for three-dimensional cell co-culture in a microfluidic device. This technology provides easy and low-cost solutions, without the use of pneumatic valves or external equipment, for constructing well-controlled microenvironments for biochemical and cellular assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Yamada
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005, Paris, France. and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France and Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Renaud Renault
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005, Paris, France. and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France and Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Aleksandra Chikina
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005, Paris, France. and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France and Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Bastien Venzac
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005, Paris, France. and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France and Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Iago Pereiro
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005, Paris, France. and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France and Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Coscoy
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005, Paris, France. and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Marine Verhulsel
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005, Paris, France. and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France and Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Maria Carla Parrini
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France and ART group, Inserm U830, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Villard
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005, Paris, France. and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France and Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Viovy
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005, Paris, France. and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France and Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Descroix
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005, Paris, France. and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France and Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, 75005, Paris, France
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Abstract
We study the modifications induced in the behavior of the quorum percolation model on neural networks with Gaussian in-degree by taking into account an uncorrelated Gaussian thresholds variability. We derive a mean-field approach and show its relevance by carrying out explicit Monte Carlo simulations. It turns out that such a disorder shifts the position of the percolation transition, impacts the size of the giant cluster, and can even destroy the transition. Moreover, we highlight the occurrence of disorder independent fixed points above the quorum critical value. The mean-field approach enables us to interpret these effects in terms of activation probability. A finite-size analysis enables us to show that the order parameter is weakly self-averaging with an exponent independent on the thresholds disorder. Last, we show that the effects of the thresholds and connectivity disorders cannot be easily discriminated from the measured averaged physical quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Monceau
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR 7057 CNRS, Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, 10 rue A. Domon et L. Duquet, 75013 Paris Cedex, France.,Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, France
| | - Renaud Renault
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR 7057 CNRS, Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, 10 rue A. Domon et L. Duquet, 75013 Paris Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Métens
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR 7057 CNRS, Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, 10 rue A. Domon et L. Duquet, 75013 Paris Cedex, France
| | - Samuel Bottani
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR 7057 CNRS, Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, 10 rue A. Domon et L. Duquet, 75013 Paris Cedex, France
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Renault R, Durand JB, Viovy JL, Villard C. Asymmetric axonal edge guidance: a new paradigm for building oriented neuronal networks. Lab Chip 2016; 16:2188-91. [PMID: 27225661 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00479b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel kind of directional axon guides for brain-on-a-chip applications. Contrarily to previous works, the directionality in our design is created by rerouting axons growing in the unwanted direction back to their original compartment while leaving the other growth direction unaffected. This design yields state-of-the-art levels of directionality without the disadvantages of previously reported technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Renault
- UMR 168 Physico-Chimie Curie, CNRS, PSL Research University, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France.
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Métens S, Monceau P, Renault R, Bottani S. Finite-size effects and dynamics of giant transition of a continuum quorum percolation model on random networks. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:032112. [PMID: 27078297 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.032112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We start from a continuous extension of a mean field approach of the quorum percolation model, accounting for the response of in vitro neuronal cultures, to carry out a normal form analysis of the critical behavior. We highlight the effects of nonlinearities associated with this mean field approach even in the close vicinity of the critical point. Statistical properties of random networks with Gaussian in-degree are related to the outcoming links distribution. Finite size analysis of explicit Monte Carlo simulations enables us to confirm the relevance of the mean field approach on such networks and to show that the order parameter is weakly self-averaging; dynamical relaxation is investigated. Furthermore we derive a mean field equation taking into account the effect of inhibitory neurons and discuss the equivalence with a purely excitatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Métens
- Matière et Systèmes Complexes UMR CNRS 7057, Université Paris 7, Paris Diderot, France
| | - P Monceau
- Matière et Systèmes Complexes UMR CNRS 7057, Université Paris 7, Paris Diderot, France.,Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, France
| | - R Renault
- Matière et Systèmes Complexes UMR CNRS 7057, Université Paris 7, Paris Diderot, France
| | - S Bottani
- Matière et Systèmes Complexes UMR CNRS 7057, Université Paris 7, Paris Diderot, France
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Renault R, Sukenik N, Descroix S, Malaquin L, Viovy JL, Peyrin JM, Bottani S, Monceau P, Moses E, Vignes M. Combining microfluidics, optogenetics and calcium imaging to study neuronal communication in vitro. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120680. [PMID: 25901914 PMCID: PMC4406441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we report the combination of microfluidics, optogenetics and calcium imaging as a cheap and convenient platform to study synaptic communication between neuronal populations in vitro. We first show that Calcium Orange indicator is compatible in vitro with a commonly used Channelrhodopsine-2 (ChR2) variant, as standard calcium imaging conditions did not alter significantly the activity of transduced cultures of rodent primary neurons. A fast, robust and scalable process for micro-chip fabrication was developed in parallel to build micro-compartmented cultures. Coupling optical fibers to each micro-compartment allowed for the independent control of ChR2 activation in the different populations without crosstalk. By analyzing the post-stimuli activity across the different populations, we finally show how this platform can be used to evaluate quantitatively the effective connectivity between connected neuronal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Renault
- MSC (Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS-UMR 7057), 5 Rue Thomas Mann, 75013 Paris, France
- Physicochimie Curie (Institut Curie, CNRS-UMR 168, UPMC), Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Department of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nirit Sukenik
- Department of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Stéphanie Descroix
- Physicochimie Curie (Institut Curie, CNRS-UMR 168, UPMC), Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Laurent Malaquin
- Physicochimie Curie (Institut Curie, CNRS-UMR 168, UPMC), Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-Louis Viovy
- Physicochimie Curie (Institut Curie, CNRS-UMR 168, UPMC), Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-Michel Peyrin
- Biological Adaptation and Ageing (CNRS, UMR 8256), F-75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8256, B2A, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Samuel Bottani
- MSC (Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS-UMR 7057), 5 Rue Thomas Mann, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Monceau
- MSC (Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS-UMR 7057), 5 Rue Thomas Mann, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Elisha Moses
- Department of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maéva Vignes
- Physicochimie Curie (Institut Curie, CNRS-UMR 168, UPMC), Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Biological Adaptation and Ageing (CNRS, UMR 8256), F-75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8256, B2A, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, F-75005, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (MV)
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Renault R, Monceau P, Bottani S. Memory decay and loss of criticality in quorum percolation. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2013; 88:062134. [PMID: 24483413 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.88.062134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the effects of memory decay on a bootstrap percolation model applied to random directed graphs (quorum percolation). The addition of decay was motivated by its natural occurrence in physical systems previously described by percolation theory, such as cultured neuronal networks, where decay originates from ionic leakage through the membrane of neurons and/or synaptic depression. Surprisingly, this feature alone appears to change the critical behavior of the percolation transition, where discontinuities are replaced by steep but finite slopes. Using different numerical approaches, we show evidence for this qualitative change even for very small decay values. In experiments where the steepest slopes can not be resolved and still appear as discontinuities, decay produces nonetheless a quantitative difference on the location of the apparent critical point. We discuss how this shift impacts network connectivity previously estimated without considering decay. In addition to this particular example, we believe that other percolation models are worth reinvestigating, taking into account similar sorts of memory decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Renault
- MSC (Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS-UMR 7057), 5 Rue Thomas Mann, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Monceau
- MSC (Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS-UMR 7057), 5 Rue Thomas Mann, 75013 Paris, France and Université d'Evry, France
| | - Samuel Bottani
- MSC (Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS-UMR 7057), 5 Rue Thomas Mann, 75013 Paris, France
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Adnet F, Renault R, Jabre P, Kulstad E, Galinski M, Lapostolle F. Incidence of acute myocardial infarction resulting in sudden death outside the hospital. Emerg Med J 2010; 28:884-6. [DOI: 10.1136/emj.2010.095885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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