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Li YE, Norris DM, Xiao FN, Pandzic E, Whan RM, Fok S, Zhou M, Du G, Liu Y, Du X, Yang H. Phosphatidylserine regulates plasma membrane repair through tetraspanin-enriched macrodomains. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202307041. [PMID: 38530252 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202307041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The integrity of the plasma membrane is critical to cell function and survival. Cells have developed multiple mechanisms to repair damaged plasma membranes. A key process during plasma membrane repair is to limit the size of the damage, which is facilitated by the presence of tetraspanin-enriched rings surrounding damage sites. Here, we identify phosphatidylserine-enriched rings surrounding damaged sites of the plasma membrane, resembling tetraspanin-enriched rings. Importantly, the formation of both the phosphatidylserine- and tetraspanin-enriched rings requires phosphatidylserine and its transfer proteins ORP5 and ORP9. Interestingly, ORP9, but not ORP5, is recruited to the damage sites, suggesting cells acquire phosphatidylserine from multiple sources upon plasma membrane damage. We further demonstrate that ORP9 contributes to efficient plasma membrane repair. Our results thus unveil a role for phosphatidylserine and its transfer proteins in facilitating the formation of tetraspanin-enriched macrodomains and plasma membrane repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang E Li
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dougall M Norris
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fanqian N Xiao
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elvis Pandzic
- Katerina Gaus Light Microscopy Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Center, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Renee M Whan
- Katerina Gaus Light Microscopy Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Center, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sandra Fok
- Katerina Gaus Light Microscopy Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Center, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ming Zhou
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guangwei Du
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ximing Du
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hongyuan Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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2
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Manandhar B, Pandzic E, Deshpande N, Chen SY, Wasinger VC, Kockx M, Glaros EN, Ong KL, Thomas SR, Wilkins MR, Whan RM, Cochran BJ, Rye KA. ApoA-I Protects Pancreatic β-Cells From Cholesterol-Induced Mitochondrial Damage and Restores Their Ability to Secrete Insulin. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:e20-e38. [PMID: 38095105 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High cholesterol levels in pancreatic β-cells cause oxidative stress and decrease insulin secretion. β-cells can internalize apo (apolipoprotein) A-I, which increases insulin secretion. This study asks whether internalization of apoA-I improves β-cell insulin secretion by reducing oxidative stress. METHODS Ins-1E cells were cholesterol-loaded by incubation with cholesterol-methyl-β-cyclodextrin. Insulin secretion in the presence of 2.8 or 25 mmol/L glucose was quantified by radioimmunoassay. Internalization of fluorescently labeled apoA-I by β-cells was monitored by flow cytometry. The effects of apoA-I internalization on β-cell gene expression were evaluated by RNA sequencing. ApoA-I-binding partners on the β-cell surface were identified by mass spectrometry. Mitochondrial oxidative stress was quantified in β-cells and isolated islets with MitoSOX and confocal microscopy. RESULTS An F1-ATPase β-subunit on the β-cell surface was identified as the main apoA-I-binding partner. β-cell internalization of apoA-I was time-, concentration-, temperature-, cholesterol-, and F1-ATPase β-subunit-dependent. β-cells with internalized apoA-I (apoA-I+ cells) had higher cholesterol and cell surface F1-ATPase β-subunit levels than β-cells without internalized apoA-I (apoA-I- cells). The internalized apoA-I colocalized with mitochondria and was associated with reduced oxidative stress and increased insulin secretion. The IF1 (ATPase inhibitory factor 1) attenuated apoA-I internalization and increased oxidative stress in Ins-1E β-cells and isolated mouse islets. Differentially expressed genes in apoA-I+ and apoA-I- Ins-1E cells were related to protein synthesis, the unfolded protein response, insulin secretion, and mitochondrial function. CONCLUSIONS These results establish that β-cells are functionally heterogeneous, and apoA-I restores insulin secretion in β-cells with elevated cholesterol levels by improving mitochondrial redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Manandhar
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (B.M., E.N.G., K.L.O., S.R.T., B.J.C., K.-A.R.), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elvis Pandzic
- Katharina Gaus Light Microscopy Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre (E.P., R.M.W.), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nandan Deshpande
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (N.D., S.-Y.C., M.R.W.), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sing-Young Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (N.D., S.-Y.C., M.R.W.), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Valerie C Wasinger
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre (V.C.W.), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maaike Kockx
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Sydney, Australia (M.K.)
| | - Elias N Glaros
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (B.M., E.N.G., K.L.O., S.R.T., B.J.C., K.-A.R.), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kwok Leung Ong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (B.M., E.N.G., K.L.O., S.R.T., B.J.C., K.-A.R.), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shane R Thomas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (B.M., E.N.G., K.L.O., S.R.T., B.J.C., K.-A.R.), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marc R Wilkins
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (N.D., S.-Y.C., M.R.W.), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Renee M Whan
- Katharina Gaus Light Microscopy Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre (E.P., R.M.W.), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Blake J Cochran
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (B.M., E.N.G., K.L.O., S.R.T., B.J.C., K.-A.R.), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (B.M., E.N.G., K.L.O., S.R.T., B.J.C., K.-A.R.), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
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3
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Wong SL, Pandzic E, Kardia E, Allan KM, Whan RM, Waters SA. Quantifying Intracellular Viral Pathogen: Specimen Preparation, Visualization and Quantification of Multiple Immunofluorescent Signals in Fixed Human Airway Epithelium Cultured at Air-Liquid Interface. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12101668. [PMID: 36294807 PMCID: PMC9605096 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection control and aggressive antibiotic therapy play an important role in the management of airway infections in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). The responses of airway epithelial cells to pathogens are likely to contribute to the pathobiology of CF lung disease. Primary airway epithelial cells obtained from individuals with CF, cultured and differentiated at air-liquid interface (ALI), effectively mimic the structure and function of the in vivo airway epithelium. With the recent respiratory viral pandemics, ALI cultures were extensively used to model respiratory infections in vitro to facilitate physiologically relevant respiratory research. Immunofluorescence staining and imaging were used as an effective tool to provide a fundamental understanding of host–pathogen interactions and for exploring the therapeutic potential of novel or repurposed drugs. Therefore, we described an optimized quantitative fluorescence microscopy assay for the wholemount staining and imaging of epithelial cell markers to identify distinct cell populations and pathogen-specific targets in ALI cultures of human airway epithelial cells grown on permeable support insert membranes. We present a detailed methodology using a graphical user interface (GUI) package to quantify the detected signals on a tiled whole membrane. Our method provided an imaging strategy of the entire membrane, overcoming the common issue of undersampling and enabling unbiased quantitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L. Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Elvis Pandzic
- Katharina Gaus Light Microscopy Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Egi Kardia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Katelin M. Allan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Renee M. Whan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Katharina Gaus Light Microscopy Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shafagh A. Waters
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- Correspondence:
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4
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Wong SL, Awatade NT, Astore MA, Allan KM, Carnell MJ, Slapetova I, Chen PC, Setiadi J, Pandzic E, Fawcett LK, Widger JR, Whan RM, Griffith R, Ooi CY, Kuyucak S, Jaffe A, Waters SA. Molecular Dynamics and Theratyping in Airway and Gut Organoids Reveal R352Q-CFTR Conductance Defect. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:99-111. [PMID: 35471184 PMCID: PMC9273222 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0337oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant challenge to making targeted cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapies accessible to all individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) are many mutations in the CFTR gene that can cause CF, most of which remain uncharacterized. Here, we characterized the structural and functional defects of the rare CFTR mutation R352Q, with a potential role contributing to intrapore chloride ion permeation, in patient-derived cell models of the airway and gut. CFTR function in differentiated nasal epithelial cultures and matched intestinal organoids was assessed using an ion transport assay and forskolin-induced swelling assay, respectively. CFTR potentiators (VX-770, GLPG1837, and VX-445) and correctors (VX-809, VX-445, with or without VX-661) were tested. Data from R352Q-CFTR were compared with data of 20 participants with mutations with known impact on CFTR function. R352Q-CFTR has residual CFTR function that was restored to functional CFTR activity by CFTR potentiators but not the corrector. Molecular dynamics simulations of R352Q-CFTR were carried out, which indicated the presence of a chloride conductance defect, with little evidence supporting a gating defect. The combination approach of in vitro patient-derived cell models and in silico molecular dynamics simulations to characterize rare CFTR mutations can improve the specificity and sensitivity of modulator response predictions and aid in their translational use for CF precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L Wong
- University of New South Wales, 7800, School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,University of New South Wales, 7800, Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nikhil T Awatade
- University of New South Wales, 7800, School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,University of New South Wales, 7800, Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Miro A Astore
- The University of Sydney, 4334, School of Physics, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katelin M Allan
- University of New South Wales, 7800, School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,University of New South Wales, 7800, Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael J Carnell
- University of New South Wales, 7800, Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Iveta Slapetova
- University of New South Wales, 7800, Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Po-Chia Chen
- The University of Sydney, 4334, School of Physics, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeffry Setiadi
- The University of Sydney, 4334, School of Physics, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elvis Pandzic
- University of New South Wales, 7800, Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Cen, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laura K Fawcett
- University of New South Wales, 7800, School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,University of New South Wales, 7800, Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick, 63623, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John R Widger
- University of New South Wales, 7800, School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,University of New South Wales, 7800, Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick, 63623, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Renee M Whan
- University of New South Wales, 7800, Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Renate Griffith
- University of New South Wales, 7800, School of Chemistry, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chee Y Ooi
- Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick, Gastroenterology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Serdar Kuyucak
- The University of Sydney, 4334, School of Physics, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam Jaffe
- Sydney Children`s Hospital, Respiratory Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,University of New South Wales, 7800, School of Women`s and Children`s Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shafagh A Waters
- Sydney Children's Hospital, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Univeristy of New South Wales, School of Women's and Children's Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;
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5
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Wong SL, Awatade NT, Astore MA, Allan KM, Carnell MJ, Slapetova I, Chen PC, Capraro A, Fawcett LK, Whan RM, Griffith R, Ooi CY, Kuyucak S, Jaffe A, Waters SA. Molecular dynamics and functional characterization of I37R-CFTR lasso mutation provide insights into channel gating activity. iScience 2022; 25:103710. [PMID: 35072004 PMCID: PMC8761696 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of I37R, a mutation located in the lasso motif of the CFTR chloride channel, was conducted by theratyping several CFTR modulators from both potentiator and corrector classes. Intestinal current measurements in rectal biopsies, forskolin-induced swelling (FIS) in intestinal organoids, and short circuit current measurements in organoid-derived monolayers from an individual with I37R/F508del CFTR genotype demonstrated that the I37R-CFTR results in a residual function defect amenable to treatment with potentiators and type III, but not type I, correctors. Molecular dynamics of I37R using an extended model of the phosphorylated, ATP-bound human CFTR identified an altered lasso motif conformation which results in an unfavorable strengthening of the interactions between the lasso motif, the regulatory (R) domain, and the transmembrane domain 2 (TMD2). Structural and functional characterization of the I37R-CFTR mutation increases understanding of CFTR channel regulation and provides a potential pathway to expand drug access to CF patients with ultra-rare genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L. Wong
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nikhil T. Awatade
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Miro A. Astore
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katelin M. Allan
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael J. Carnell
- Katharina Gaus Light Microscopy Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Iveta Slapetova
- Katharina Gaus Light Microscopy Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Po-chia Chen
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alexander Capraro
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Laura K. Fawcett
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Renee M. Whan
- Katharina Gaus Light Microscopy Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Chee Y. Ooi
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Serdar Kuyucak
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adam Jaffe
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Shafagh A. Waters
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
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6
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Ahmed-Cox A, Pandzic E, Johnston ST, Heu C, McGhee J, Mansfeld FM, Crampin EJ, Davis TP, Whan RM, Kavallaris M. Spatio-temporal analysis of nanoparticles in live tumor spheroids impacted by cell origin and density. J Control Release 2021; 341:661-675. [PMID: 34915071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles hold great preclinical promise in cancer therapy but continue to suffer attrition through clinical trials. Advanced, three dimensional (3D) cellular models such as tumor spheroids can recapitulate elements of the tumor environment and are considered the superior model to evaluate nanoparticle designs. However, there is an important need to better understand nanoparticle penetration kinetics and determine how different cell characteristics may influence this nanoparticle uptake. A key challenge with current approaches for measuring nanoparticle accumulation in spheroids is that they are often static, losing spatial and temporal information which may be necessary for effective nanoparticle evaluation in 3D cell models. To overcome this challenge, we developed an analysis platform, termed the Determination of Nanoparticle Uptake in Tumor Spheroids (DONUTS), which retains spatial and temporal information during quantification, enabling evaluation of nanoparticle uptake in 3D tumor spheroids. Outperforming linear profiling methods, DONUTS was able to measure silica nanoparticle uptake to 10 μm accuracy in both isotropic and irregularly shaped cancer cell spheroids. This was then extended to determine penetration kinetics, first by a forward-in-time, center-in-space model, and then by mathematical modelling, which enabled the direct evaluation of nanoparticle penetration kinetics in different spheroid models. Nanoparticle uptake was shown to inversely relate to particle size and varied depending on the cell type, cell stiffness and density of the spheroid model. The automated analysis method we have developed can be applied to live spheroids in situ, for the advanced evaluation of nanoparticles as delivery agents in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria Ahmed-Cox
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Center, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; ARC Center of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Center for NanoMedicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; School of Women and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Elvis Pandzic
- Katharina Gaus Light Microscopy Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Center, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Stuart T Johnston
- ARC Center of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Systems Biology Laboratory, School of Mathematics and Statistics, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Celine Heu
- Katharina Gaus Light Microscopy Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Center, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - John McGhee
- ARC Center of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Center for NanoMedicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; 3D Visualisation Aesthetics Lab, UNSW Art & Design, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2021, Australia
| | - Friederike M Mansfeld
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Center, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; ARC Center of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Center for NanoMedicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; School of Women and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; ARC Center of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Edmund J Crampin
- ARC Center of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Systems Biology Laboratory, School of Mathematics and Statistics, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas P Davis
- Precision Medicine, Australian Institute of Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, QLD, 40679, Australia
| | - Renee M Whan
- Katharina Gaus Light Microscopy Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Center, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Center, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; ARC Center of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Center for NanoMedicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; School of Women and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia.
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7
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Li YE, Wang Y, Du X, Zhang T, Mak HY, Hancock SE, McEwen H, Pandzic E, Whan RM, Aw YC, Lukmantara IE, Yuan Y, Dong X, Don A, Turner N, Qi S, Yang H. TMEM41B and VMP1 are scramblases and regulate the distribution of cholesterol and phosphatidylserine. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212020. [PMID: 33929485 PMCID: PMC8077175 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202103105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
TMEM41B and VMP1 are integral membrane proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and regulate the formation of autophagosomes, lipid droplets (LDs), and lipoproteins. Recently, TMEM41B was identified as a crucial host factor for infection by all coronaviruses and flaviviruses. The molecular function of TMEM41B and VMP1, which belong to a large evolutionarily conserved family, remains elusive. Here, we show that TMEM41B and VMP1 are phospholipid scramblases whose deficiency impairs the normal cellular distribution of cholesterol and phosphatidylserine. Their mechanism of action on LD formation is likely to be different from that of seipin. Their role in maintaining cellular phosphatidylserine and cholesterol homeostasis may partially explain their requirement for viral infection. Our results suggest that the proper sorting and distribution of cellular lipids are essential for organelle biogenesis and viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Emma Li
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yichang Wang
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ximing Du
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tizhong Zhang
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hoi Yin Mak
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah E Hancock
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Holly McEwen
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Center, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elvis Pandzic
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Center, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Renee M Whan
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Center, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yvette Celine Aw
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ivan E Lukmantara
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yiqiong Yuan
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiuju Dong
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anthony Don
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Center, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shiqian Qi
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyuan Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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8
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Awatade NT, Wong SL, Capraro A, Pandzic E, Slapetova I, Zhong L, Turgutoglu N, Fawcett LK, Whan RM, Jaffe A, Waters SA. Significant functional differences in differentiated Conditionally Reprogrammed (CRC)- and Feeder-free Dual SMAD inhibited-expanded human nasal epithelial cells. J Cyst Fibros 2021; 20:364-371. [PMID: 33414087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-derived airway cells differentiated at Air Liquid Interface (ALI) are valuable models for Cystic fibrosis (CF) precision therapy. Different culture expansion methods have been established to extend expansion capacity of airway basal cells, while retaining functional airway epithelium physiology. Considerable variation in response to CFTR modulators is observed in cultures even within the same CFTR genotype and despite the use of similar ALI culture techniques. We aimed to address culture expansion method impact on differentiation. METHODS Nasal epithelial brushings from 14 individuals (CF=9; non-CF=5) were collected, then equally divided and expanded under conditional reprogramming culture (CRC) and feeder-serum-free "dual-SMAD inhibition" (SMADi) methods. Expanded cells from each culture were differentiated with proprietary PneumaCult™-ALI media. Morphology (Immunofluorescence), global proteomics (LC-MS/MS) and function (barrier integrity, cilia motility, and ion transport) were compared in CRCALI and SMADiALI under basal and CFTR corrector treated (VX-809) conditions. RESULTS No significant difference in the structural morphology or baseline global proteomics profile were observed. Barrier integrity and cilia motility were significantly different, despite no difference in cell junction morphology or cilia abundance. Epithelial Sodium Channels and Calcium-activated Chloride Channel activity did not differ but CFTR mediated chloride currents were significantly reduced in SMADiALI compare to their CRCALI counterparts. CONCLUSION Alteration of cellular physiological function in vitro were more prominent than structural and differentiation potential in airway ALI. Since initial expansion culture conditions significantly influence CFTR activity, this could lead to false conclusions if data from different labs are compared against each other without specific reference ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil T Awatade
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales and Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sharon L Wong
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales and Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexander Capraro
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales and Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elvis Pandzic
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Iveta Slapetova
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ling Zhong
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nihan Turgutoglu
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales and Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laura K Fawcett
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales and Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Renee M Whan
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Adam Jaffe
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales and Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shafagh A Waters
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales and Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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9
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Pandzic E, Morkel CA, Li A, Cooke R, Whan RM, Dos Remedios CG. Nanomolar ATP binding to single myosin cross-bridges in rigor: a molecular approach to studying myosin ATP kinetics using single human cardiomyocytes. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:1031-1040. [PMID: 32648209 PMCID: PMC7429591 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00716-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge in the field of cardiac muscle and associated cardiomyopathies has been evolving incrementally over the past 60 years and all was possible due to the parallel progress in techniques and methods allowing to take a fresh glimpse at an old problem. Here, we describe an exciting tool used to examine the various states of the human cardiac myosin at the single molecule level. By imaging single Alexa647-ATP binding to permeabilised cardiomyocytes using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, we are able to acquire large populations of events in a short timeframe (~ 5000 sites in ~ 10 min) and measure each binding event with high spatio-temporal resolution. The applied algorithm decomposes the point pattern of single molecule binding events into individually distinct binding sites that enables us to recover kinetic parameters, such as bound or free time per site. This single molecule binding approach is a useful tool used to examine muscle contractility. Of particular importance is its application to probing the dynamic lifetimes and proportion of myosins in the super-relaxed state in human cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Pandzic
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, 2052, Australia.
| | - Christian A Morkel
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Molecular Cardiology Group, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2020, Australia
| | - Amy Li
- Department of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe University, Bendigo, 3552, Australia
| | - Roger Cooke
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Renee M Whan
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, 2052, Australia
| | - Cristobal G Dos Remedios
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Molecular Cardiology Group, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2020, Australia
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10
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Syed SM, Kumar M, Ghosh A, Tomasetig F, Ali A, Whan RM, Alterman D, Tanwar PS. Endometrial Axin2 + Cells Drive Epithelial Homeostasis, Regeneration, and Cancer following Oncogenic Transformation. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 26:64-80.e13. [PMID: 31883834 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The remarkable regenerative capacity of the endometrium (the inner lining of the uterus) is essential for the sustenance of mammalian life. Over the years, the role of stem cells in endometrial functions and their pathologies has been suggested; however, the identity and location of such stem cells remain unclear. Here, we used in vivo lineage tracing to show that endometrial epithelium self-renews during development, growth, and regeneration and identified Axin2, a classical Wnt reporter gene, as a marker of long-lived bipotent epithelial progenitors that reside in endometrial glands. Axin2-expressing cells are responsible for epithelial regeneration in vivo and for endometrial organoid development in vitro. Ablation of Axin2+ cells severely impairs endometrial homeostasis and compromises its regeneration. More important, upon oncogenic transformation, these cells can lead to endometrial cancer. These findings provide valuable insights into the cellular basis of endometrial functions and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafiq M Syed
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Manish Kumar
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Florence Tomasetig
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ayesha Ali
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Renee M Whan
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Dariusz Alterman
- School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Pradeep S Tanwar
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
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11
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Tjandra KC, McCarthy N, Yang L, Laos AJ, Sharbeen G, Phillips PA, Forgham H, Sagnella SM, Whan RM, Kavallaris M, Thordarson P, McCarroll JA. Identification of Novel Medulloblastoma Cell-Targeting Peptides for Use in Selective Chemotherapy Drug Delivery. J Med Chem 2019; 63:2181-2193. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristel C. Tjandra
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nigel McCarthy
- Tumour Biology & Targeting Program, Children’s Cancer Institute, UNSW Sydney, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Lu Yang
- Tumour Biology & Targeting Program, Children’s Cancer Institute, UNSW Sydney, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Alistair J. Laos
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - George Sharbeen
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, and School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Phoebe A. Phillips
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, and School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Helen Forgham
- Tumour Biology & Targeting Program, Children’s Cancer Institute, UNSW Sydney, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Sharon M. Sagnella
- Tumour Biology & Targeting Program, Children’s Cancer Institute, UNSW Sydney, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Renee M. Whan
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Biomedical Imaging Facility Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Tumour Biology & Targeting Program, Children’s Cancer Institute, UNSW Sydney, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Pall Thordarson
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Joshua A. McCarroll
- Tumour Biology & Targeting Program, Children’s Cancer Institute, UNSW Sydney, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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12
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Meiring JCM, Bryce NS, Cagigas ML, Benda A, Whan RM, Ariotti N, Parton RG, Stear JH, Hardeman EC, Gunning PW. Colocation of Tpm3.1 and myosin IIa heads defines a discrete subdomain in stress fibres. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.228916. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.228916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Co-polymers of tropomyosin and actin make up a major fraction of the actin cytoskeleton. Tropomyosin isoforms determine the function of an actin filament by selectively enhancing or inhibiting the association of other actin binding proteins, altering the stability of an actin filament and regulating myosin activity in an isoform specific manner. Previous work has implicated specific roles for at least 5 different tropomyosin isoforms in stress fibres, as depletion of any of these 5 isoforms results in a loss of stress fibres. Despite this, most models of stress fibres continue to exclude tropomyosins. In this study we investigate tropomyosin organisation in stress fibres using super resolution light microscopy and electron microscopy with genetically tagged, endogenous tropomyosin. We show that tropomyosin isoforms are organised in subdomains within the overall domain of stress fibres. Tpm3.1/3.2 co-localises with non-muscle myosin IIa/IIb heads and are in register but do not overlap with non-muscle myosin IIa/IIb tails. Furthermore, perturbation of Tpm3.1/3.2 results in decreased myosin IIa in stress fibres, which is consistent with a role for Tpm3.1 in maintaining myosin IIa localisation in stress fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce C. M. Meiring
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nicole S. Bryce
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Maria Lastra Cagigas
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Aleš Benda
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Renee M. Whan
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nicholas Ariotti
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Robert G. Parton
- Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine Division, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jeffrey H. Stear
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Edna C. Hardeman
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Peter W. Gunning
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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13
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Pandžić E, Abu-Arish A, Whan RM, Hanrahan JW, Wiseman PW. Velocity landscape correlation resolves multiple flowing protein populations from fluorescence image time series. Methods 2018; 140-141:126-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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14
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Sagnella SM, Trieu J, Brahmbhatt H, MacDiarmid JA, MacMillan A, Whan RM, Fife CM, McCarroll JA, Gifford AJ, Ziegler DS, Kavallaris M. Targeted Doxorubicin-Loaded Bacterially Derived Nano-Cells for the Treatment of Neuroblastoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:1012-1023. [PMID: 29491149 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Advanced stage neuroblastoma is an aggressive disease with limited treatment options for patients with drug-resistant tumors. Targeted delivery of chemotherapy for pediatric cancers offers promise to improve treatment efficacy and reduce toxicity associated with systemic chemotherapy. The EnGeneIC Dream Vector (EDVTM) is a nanocell, which can package chemotherapeutic drugs and target tumors via attachment of bispecific proteins to the surface of the nanocell. Phase I trials in adults with refractory tumors have shown an acceptable safety profile. Herein we investigated the activity of EGFR-targeted and doxorubicin-loaded EDVTM (EGFREDVTMDox) for the treatment of neuroblastoma. Two independent neuroblastoma cell lines with variable expression of EGFR protein [SK-N-BE(2), high; SH-SY-5Y, low] were used. EGFREDVTMDox induced apoptosis in these cells compared to control, doxorubicin, or non-doxorubicin loaded EGFREDVTM In three-dimensional tumor spheroids, imaging and fluorescence life-time microscopy revealed that EGFREDVTMDox had a marked enhancement of doxorubicin penetration compared to doxorubicin alone, and improved penetration compared to non-EGFR-targeted EDVTMDox, with enhanced spheroid penetration leading to increased apoptosis. In two independent orthotopic human neuroblastoma xenograft models, short-term studies (28 days) of tumor-bearing mice led to a significant decrease in tumor size in EGFREDVTMDox-treated animals compared to control, doxorubicin, or non-EGFR EDVTMDox There was increased TUNEL staining of tumors at day 28 compared to control, doxorubicin, or non-EGFR EDVTMDox Moreover, overall survival was increased in neuroblastoma mice treated with EGFREDVTMDox (P < 0007) compared to control. Drug-loaded bispecific-antibody targeted EDVsTM offer a highly promising approach for the treatment of aggressive pediatric malignancies such as neuroblastoma. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(5); 1012-23. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Sagnella
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,EnGeneIC Ltd., Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer Trieu
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Alex MacMillan
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Renee M Whan
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher M Fife
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joshua A McCarroll
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew J Gifford
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David S Ziegler
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. .,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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15
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Ng JL, Knothe LE, Whan RM, Knothe U, Tate MLK. Scale-up of nature's tissue weaving algorithms to engineer advanced functional materials. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40396. [PMID: 28074876 PMCID: PMC5225443 DOI: 10.1038/srep40396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We are literally the stuff from which our tissue fabrics and their fibers are woven and spun. The arrangement of collagen, elastin and other structural proteins in space and time embodies our tissues and organs with amazing resilience and multifunctional smart properties. For example, the periosteum, a soft tissue sleeve that envelops all nonarticular bony surfaces of the body, comprises an inherently "smart" material that gives hard bones added strength under high impact loads. Yet a paucity of scalable bottom-up approaches stymies the harnessing of smart tissues' biological, mechanical and organizational detail to create advanced functional materials. Here, a novel approach is established to scale up the multidimensional fiber patterns of natural soft tissue weaves for rapid prototyping of advanced functional materials. First second harmonic generation and two-photon excitation microscopy is used to map the microscopic three-dimensional (3D) alignment, composition and distribution of the collagen and elastin fibers of periosteum, the soft tissue sheath bounding all nonarticular bone surfaces in our bodies. Then, using engineering rendering software to scale up this natural tissue fabric, as well as multidimensional weaving algorithms, macroscopic tissue prototypes are created using a computer-controlled jacquard loom. The capacity to prototype scaled up architectures of natural fabrics provides a new avenue to create advanced functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L. Ng
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lillian E. Knothe
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia, Sydney, Australia
- School of Art & Design, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Renee M. Whan
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ulf Knothe
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
- TissuTex Pty Ltd, Wentworth Falls, Australia
| | - Melissa L. Knothe Tate
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia, Sydney, Australia
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16
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Yu NY, O'Brien CA, Slapetova I, Whan RM, Knothe Tate ML. Live Tissue Imaging to Elucidate Mechanical Modulation of Stem Cell Niche Quiescence. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:285-292. [PMID: 28170186 PMCID: PMC5442759 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The periosteum, a composite cellular connective tissue, bounds all nonarticular bone surfaces. Like Velcro, collagenous Sharpey's fibers anchor the periosteum in a prestressed state to the underlying bone. The periosteum provides a niche for mesenchymal stem cells. Periosteal lifting, as well as injury, causes cells residing in the periosteum (PDCs) to change from an immobile, quiescent state to a mobile, active state. The physical cues that activate PDCs to home to and heal injured areas remain a conundrum. An understanding of these cues is key to unlocking periosteum's remarkable regenerative power. We hypothesized that changes in periosteum's baseline stress state modulate the quiescence of its stem cell niche. We report, for the first time, a three-dimensional, high-resolution live tissue imaging protocol to observe and characterize ovine PDCs and their niche before and after release of the tissue's endogenous prestress. Loss of prestress results in abrupt shrinkage of the periosteal tissue. At the microscopic scale, loss of prestress results in significantly increased crimping of collagen of periosteum's fibrous layer and a threefold increase in the number of rounded nuclei in the cambium layer. Given the body of published data describing the relationships between stem cell and nucleus shape, structure and function, these observations are consistent with a role for mechanics in the modulation of periosteal niche quiescence. The quantitative characterization of periosteum as a stem cell niche represents a critical step for clinical translation of the periosteum and periosteum substitute-based implants for tissue defect healing. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:285-292.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Y.C. Yu
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Connor A. O'Brien
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Iveta Slapetova
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Renee M. Whan
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melissa L. Knothe Tate
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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17
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Moore SR, Heu C, Yu NYC, Whan RM, Knothe UR, Milz S, Knothe Tate ML. Translating Periosteum's Regenerative Power: Insights From Quantitative Analysis of Tissue Genesis With a Periosteum Substitute Implant. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:1739-1749. [PMID: 27465072 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
: An abundance of surgical studies during the past 2 centuries provide empirical evidence of periosteum's regenerative power for reconstructing tissues as diverse as trachea and bone. This study aimed to develop quantitative, efficacy-based measures, thereby providing translational guidelines for the use of periosteum to harness the body's own healing potential and generate target tissues. The current study quantitatively and qualitatively demonstrated tissue generation modulated by a periosteum substitute membrane that replicates the structural constituents of native periosteum (elastin, collagen, progenitor cells) and its barrier, extracellular, and cellular properties. It shows the potentiation of the periosteum's regenerative capacity through the progenitor cells that inhabit the tissue, biological factors intrinsic to the extracellular matrix of periosteum, and mechanobiological factors related to implant design and implementation. In contrast to the direct intramembranous bone generated in defects surrounded by patent periosteum in situ, tissue generation in bone defects bounded by the periosteum substitute implant occurred primarily via endochondral mechanisms whereby cartilage was first generated and then converted to bone. In addition, in defects treated with the periosteum substitute, tissue generation was highest along the major centroidal axis, which is most resistant to prevailing bending loads. Taken together, these data indicate the possibility of designing modular periosteum substitute implants that can be tuned for vectorial and spatiotemporal delivery of biological agents and facilitation of target tissue genesis for diverse surgical scenarios and regenerative medicine approaches. It also underscores the potential to develop physical therapy protocols to maximize tissue genesis via the implant's mechanoactive properties. SIGNIFICANCE In the past 2 centuries, the periosteum, a niche for stem cells and super-smart biological material, has been used empirically in surgery to repair tissues as diverse as trachea and bone. In the past 25 years, the number of articles indexed in PubMed for the keywords "periosteum and tissue engineering" and "periosteum and regenerative medicine" has burgeoned. Yet the biggest limitation to the prescriptive use of periosteum is lack of easy access, giving impetus to the development of periosteum substitutes. Recent studies have opened up the possibility to bank periosteal tissues (e.g., from the femoral neck during routine resection for implantation of hip replacements). This study used an interdisciplinary, quantitative approach to assess tissue genesis in modular periosteum substitute implants, with the aim to provide translational strategies for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon R Moore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Céline Heu
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicole Y C Yu
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Renee M Whan
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ulf R Knothe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Stefan Milz
- Anatomische Anstalt, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Melissa L Knothe Tate
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Carmona-Mora P, Widagdo J, Tomasetig F, Canales CP, Cha Y, Lee W, Alshawaf A, Dottori M, Whan RM, Hardeman EC, Palmer SJ. The nuclear localization pattern and interaction partners of GTF2IRD1 demonstrate a role in chromatin regulation. Hum Genet 2015; 134:1099-115. [PMID: 26275350 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-015-1591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
GTF2IRD1 is one of the three members of the GTF2I gene family, clustered on chromosome 7 within a 1.8 Mb region that is prone to duplications and deletions in humans. Hemizygous deletions cause Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) and duplications cause WBS duplication syndrome. These copy number variations disturb a variety of developmental systems and neurological functions. Human mapping data and analyses of knockout mice show that GTF2IRD1 and GTF2I underpin the craniofacial abnormalities, mental retardation, visuospatial deficits and hypersociability of WBS. However, the cellular role of the GTF2IRD1 protein is poorly understood due to its very low abundance and a paucity of reagents. Here, for the first time, we show that endogenous GTF2IRD1 has a punctate pattern in the nuclei of cultured human cell lines and neurons. To probe the functional relationships of GTF2IRD1 in an unbiased manner, yeast two-hybrid libraries were screened, isolating 38 novel interaction partners, which were validated in mammalian cell lines. These relationships illustrate GTF2IRD1 function, as the isolated partners are mostly involved in chromatin modification and transcriptional regulation, whilst others indicate an unexpected role in connection with the primary cilium. Mapping of the sites of protein interaction also indicates key features regarding the evolution of the GTF2IRD1 protein. These data provide a visual and molecular basis for GTF2IRD1 nuclear function that will lead to an understanding of its role in brain, behaviour and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Carmona-Mora
- Cellular and Genetic Medicine Unit, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jocelyn Widagdo
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Florence Tomasetig
- Cellular and Genetic Medicine Unit, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Cesar P Canales
- Cellular and Genetic Medicine Unit, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Yeojoon Cha
- Cellular and Genetic Medicine Unit, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Wei Lee
- Cellular and Genetic Medicine Unit, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Abdullah Alshawaf
- Centre for Neural Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Mirella Dottori
- Centre for Neural Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Renee M Whan
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Edna C Hardeman
- Cellular and Genetic Medicine Unit, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Stephen J Palmer
- Cellular and Genetic Medicine Unit, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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19
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Jalilian I, Heu C, Cheng H, Freittag H, Desouza M, Stehn JR, Bryce NS, Whan RM, Hardeman EC, Fath T, Schevzov G, Gunning PW. Cell elasticity is regulated by the tropomyosin isoform composition of the actin cytoskeleton. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126214. [PMID: 25978408 PMCID: PMC4433179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is the primary polymer system within cells responsible for regulating cellular stiffness. While various actin binding proteins regulate the organization and dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton, the proteins responsible for regulating the mechanical properties of cells are still not fully understood. In the present study, we have addressed the significance of the actin associated protein, tropomyosin (Tpm), in influencing the mechanical properties of cells. Tpms belong to a multi-gene family that form a co-polymer with actin filaments and differentially regulate actin filament stability, function and organization. Tpm isoform expression is highly regulated and together with the ability to sort to specific intracellular sites, result in the generation of distinct Tpm isoform-containing actin filament populations. Nanomechanical measurements conducted with an Atomic Force Microscope using indentation in Peak Force Tapping in indentation/ramping mode, demonstrated that Tpm impacts on cell stiffness and the observed effect occurred in a Tpm isoform-specific manner. Quantitative analysis of the cellular filamentous actin (F-actin) pool conducted both biochemically and with the use of a linear detection algorithm to evaluate actin structures revealed that an altered F-actin pool does not absolutely predict changes in cell stiffness. Inhibition of non-muscle myosin II revealed that intracellular tension generated by myosin II is required for the observed increase in cell stiffness. Lastly, we show that the observed increase in cell stiffness is partially recapitulated in vivo as detected in epididymal fat pads isolated from a Tpm3.1 transgenic mouse line. Together these data are consistent with a role for Tpm in regulating cell stiffness via the generation of specific populations of Tpm isoform-containing actin filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Jalilian
- Oncology Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Celine Heu
- Oncology Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Biomedical Imaging facility, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Hong Cheng
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Hannah Freittag
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Melissa Desouza
- Oncology Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Justine R. Stehn
- Oncology Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nicole S. Bryce
- Oncology Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Renee M. Whan
- Biomedical Imaging facility, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Edna C. Hardeman
- Neuromuscular and Regenerative Medicine Unit, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Thomas Fath
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Galina Schevzov
- Oncology Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Peter W. Gunning
- Oncology Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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20
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Abstract
The adaptive significance of variation in sperm phenotype is still largely unknown, in part due to the difficulties of observing and measuring sperm movement in its natural, selective environment (i.e., within the female reproductive tract). Computer-assisted sperm analysis systems allow objective and accurate measurement of sperm velocity, but rely on being able to track individual sperm, and are therefore unable to measure sperm movement in species where sperm move in trains or bundles. Here we describe a newly developed computational method for measuring sperm movement using Fourier analysis to estimate sperm tail beat frequency. High-speed time-lapse videos of sperm movement within the female tract of the neriid fly Telostylinus angusticollis were recorded, and a map of beat frequencies generated by converting the periodic signal of an intensity versus time trace at each pixel to the frequency domain using the Fourier transform. We were able to detect small decreases in sperm tail beat frequency over time, indicating the method is sensitive enough to identify consistent differences in sperm movement. Fourier analysis can be applied to a wide range of species and contexts, and should therefore facilitate novel exploration of the causes and consequences of variation in sperm movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R Nicovich
- 1ARC Centre of Excellence in Molecular Imaging,School of Medical Sciences,The University of New South Wales,Sydney,NSW 2052,Australia
| | - Erin L Macartney
- 3Evolution & Ecology Research Centre,School of Biological,Earth and Environmental Sciences,The University of New South Wales,Sydney,NSW 2052,Australia
| | - Renee M Whan
- 2Biomedical Imaging Facility,Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre,The University of New South Wales,Sydney,NSW 2052,Australia
| | - Angela J Crean
- 3Evolution & Ecology Research Centre,School of Biological,Earth and Environmental Sciences,The University of New South Wales,Sydney,NSW 2052,Australia
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21
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Bryce NS, Pham BTT, Fong NWS, Jain N, Pan EH, Whan RM, Hambley TW, Hawkett BS. The composition and end-group functionality of sterically stabilized nanoparticles enhances the effectiveness of co-administered cytotoxins. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:1260-1272. [DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60120j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Bryce NS, Zhang JZ, Whan RM, Yamamoto N, Hambley TW. Accumulation of an anthraquinone and its platinum complexes in cancer cell spheroids: the effect of charge on drug distribution in solid tumour models. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:2673-5. [PMID: 19532917 DOI: 10.1039/b902415h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The penetration of anthraquinones and their platinum complexes into cancer cell spheroids reveals that they model well the distribution of such compounds in solid tumours and that the proportion of the compound that accumulates deep in the spheroid is inversely related to the rate of cellular uptake which is affected by the charge of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S Bryce
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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23
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Whan RM, Messerle BA, Hambley TW. Binding of [Pt(1C3)(dien)](2+) to the duplex DNA oligonucleotide 5'-d(TGGCCA)-3': the effect of an appended positive charge on the orientation and location of anthraquinone intercalation. Dalton Trans 2008:932-9. [PMID: 19173075 DOI: 10.1039/b814604g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The binding of a platinum intercalator complex [Pt(1C3)(dien)](2+) (1C3 = 1-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]-anthracene-9,10-dione, dien = 3-azapentane-1,5-diamine) to DNA and to the self-complementary oligonucleotide 5'-d(TGGCCA)-3' has been investigated by UV-visible spectrophotometry and 2D NMR spectroscopy, respectively. The uncomplexed anthraquinone, 1C3, has an apparent DNA binding constant of 1.4 x 10(4), similar to that of ethidium bromide. Addition of the coordinatively saturated {Pt(dien)} moiety increases the binding constant to 3.7 x 10(5) M(-1), showing the effect of the increased positive charge introduced by this moiety. Multiple binding modes are evident from the lack of isosbestic points in the titration spectra and the non-linear nature of the half-reciprocal plot used to calculate the binding constant. [Pt(1C3)(dien)](2+) forms a 2 : 1 adduct with 5'-d(TGGCCA)-3' and is shown by 2D NMR to intercalate primarily in the TG:CA base pairs at the ends of the oligonucleotide with the side chain and {Pt(dien)} situated in the minor groove.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee M Whan
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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