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Jarvis MS, Blackburn J, Hailstone C, Small CL, Dixon C, Rook W, Maniar R, Graham J, Sengar T, Dunn SJ, Tooley L, Blurton E, Mak K, Dunham R, Baker R, Lacey V, Basheer N, Freeman A, Delahunt S, Gurung S, Akhtar N, Parmar R, Whitney D, Shatananda L, Wallengren C, Pilsbury J, Cochran D, Sandur N, Girotra V, Greenwood J, Baines D, Olojede B, Bhat A, Baxendale L, Porter M, Whapples A, Kumar A, Ramamoorthy M, Perry R, Magill L. A survey in the West Midlands of the United Kingdom of current practice in managing hypotension in lower segment caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. Int J Obstet Anesth 2023; 55:103899. [PMID: 37329691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2023.103899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal anaesthesia, the most common form of anaesthesia for caesarean section, leads to sympathetic blockade and profound maternal hypotension resulting in adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Hypotension, nausea and vomiting remain common but until the publication of the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) 2021 guidance, no national guideline existed on how best to manage maternal hypotension following spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section. A 2017 international consensus statement recommended prophylactic vasopressor administration to maintain a systolic blood pressure of >90% of an accurate pre-spinal value, and to avoid a drop to <80% of this value. This survey aimed to assess regional adherence to these recommendations, the presence of local guidelines for management of hypotension during caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia, and the individual clinician's treatment thresholds for maternal hypotension and tachycardia. METHODS The West Midlands Trainee-led Research in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Network co-ordinated surveys of obstetric anaesthetic departments and consultant obstetric anaesthetists across 11 National Health Service Trusts in the Midlands, England. RESULTS One-hundred-and-two consultant obstetric anaesthetists returned the survey and 73% of sites had a policy for vasopressor use; 91% used phenylephrine as the first-line drug but a wide range of recommended delivery methods was noted and target blood pressure was only listed in 50% of policies. Significant variation existed in both vasopressor delivery methods and target blood pressures. CONCLUSIONS Although NICE has since recommended prophylactic phenylephrine infusion and a target blood pressure, the previous international consensus statement was not adhered to routinely.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Jarvis
- University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, UK.
| | - J Blackburn
- Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - C Hailstone
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | | | - W Rook
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - R Maniar
- Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - J Graham
- Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
| | - T Sengar
- Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - S J Dunn
- Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, UK
| | - L Tooley
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - E Blurton
- University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - K Mak
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, UK
| | - R Dunham
- Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - R Baker
- The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | | | - A Freeman
- Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
| | - S Delahunt
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - S Gurung
- University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - N Akhtar
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, UK
| | - R Parmar
- Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
| | - D Whitney
- Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
| | | | | | - J Pilsbury
- Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - N Sandur
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - V Girotra
- Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - J Greenwood
- Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
| | - D Baines
- Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - A Bhat
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - L Baxendale
- University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - M Porter
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, UK
| | - A Whapples
- Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - A Kumar
- University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, UK
| | | | - R Perry
- University of Birmingham, UK
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Round M, Dunham R, Harkett L, Lewis B, Whapples A, Plunkett E. P.44 Telephone anaesthetic preoperative consultation: Patient satisfaction service evaluation. Int J Obstet Anesth 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2021.103042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ortiz-Meoz RF, Wang L, Matico R, Rutkowska-Klute A, De la Rosa M, Bedard S, Midgett R, Strohmer K, Thomson D, Zhang C, Mebrahtu M, Guss J, Totoritis R, Consler T, Campobasso N, Taylor D, Lewis T, Weaver K, Muelbaier M, Seal J, Dunham R, Kazmierski W, Favre D, Bergamini G, Shewchuk L, Rendina A, Zhang G. Characterization of Apo-Form Selective Inhibition of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase*. Chembiochem 2020; 22:516-522. [PMID: 32974990 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a heme-containing enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan (TRP) metabolism. As it is an inflammation-induced immunoregulatory enzyme, pharmacological inhibition of IDO1 activity is currently being pursued as a potential therapeutic tool for the treatment of cancer and other disease states. As such, a detailed understanding of the mechanism of action of IDO1 inhibitors with various mechanisms of inhibition is of great interest. Comparison of an apo-form-binding IDO1 inhibitor (GSK5628) to the heme-coordinating compound, epacadostat (Incyte), allows us to explore the details of the apo-binding inhibition of IDO1. Herein, we demonstrate that GSK5628 inhibits IDO1 by competing with heme for binding to a heme-free conformation of the enzyme (apo-IDO1), whereas epacadostat coordinates its binding with the iron atom of the IDO1 heme cofactor. Comparison of these two compounds in cellular systems reveals a long-lasting inhibitory effect of GSK5628, previously undescribed for other known IDO1 inhibitors. Detailed characterization of this apo-binding mechanism for IDO1 inhibition might help design superior inhibitors or could confer a unique competitive advantage over other IDO1 inhibitors vis-à-vis specificity and pharmacokinetic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo F Ortiz-Meoz
- Drug Design and Selection, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Liping Wang
- Drug Design and Selection, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Rosalie Matico
- Drug Design and Selection, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | | | - Martha De la Rosa
- Infectious Diseases TAU, GlaxoSmithKline Five Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Sabrina Bedard
- Drug Design and Selection, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Robert Midgett
- Drug Design and Selection, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Katrin Strohmer
- Cellzome GmbH, GlaxoSmithKline, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Douglas Thomson
- Cellzome GmbH, GlaxoSmithKline, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cunyu Zhang
- Drug Design and Selection, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Makda Mebrahtu
- Drug Design and Selection, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Jeffrey Guss
- Drug Design and Selection, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Rachel Totoritis
- Drug Design and Selection, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Thomas Consler
- Drug Design and Selection, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Nino Campobasso
- Drug Design and Selection, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - David Taylor
- Drug Design and Selection, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Tia Lewis
- Drug Design and Selection, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Kurt Weaver
- Drug Design and Selection, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Marcel Muelbaier
- Cellzome GmbH, GlaxoSmithKline, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John Seal
- Drug Design and Selection, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Richard Dunham
- Infectious Diseases TAU, GlaxoSmithKline Five Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Wieslaw Kazmierski
- Infectious Diseases TAU, GlaxoSmithKline Five Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - David Favre
- Infectious Diseases TAU, GlaxoSmithKline Five Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Giovanna Bergamini
- Cellzome GmbH, GlaxoSmithKline, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Shewchuk
- Drug Design and Selection, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Alan Rendina
- Drug Design and Selection, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Drug Design and Selection, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
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Okoye A, Fukazawa Y, Randall B, Lum R, Varco-Merth B, Falcinelli S, Smedley J, Dunham R, Lifson J, Picker L. Evaluating latency reactivation synergies between the bromodomain inhibitor iBET-151 and the SMAC mimetic AZD5582 in SIV-infected macaques on ART. J Virus Erad 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30125-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Mavigner M, Brooks A, Mattingly C, Vanderford T, Keele B, Lifson J, Dunham R, Margolis D, Silvestri G, Chahroudi A. The latency reversal activity of the SMAC mimetic AZD5582 in ART-suppressed SIV-infected rhesus macaques is potentiated by CD8a cell depletion. J Virus Erad 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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6
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Howell B, Shipe W, Adam G, Quan S, Li L, Sim C, Dunham R, Margolis D, Henry B, Hazuda D. Evaluation of IAP/SMAC mimetics as latency reversal agents in primary cells and cytokine induction in in vivo models predictive of cytokine release. J Virus Erad 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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7
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Sampey G, Irlbeck D, Browne E, Kanke M, Cule E, Wills S, Falcinelli S, Wang Z, Kircherr J, Allard B, Stuelke E, Sholtis K, Ferris R, Brehm J, Favre D, Routy JP, Jones C, Archin N, Margolis D, Dunham R. The SMAC mimetic AZD5582 reverses HIV latency as a single agent in resting primary CD4+ T cells. J Virus Erad 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)31047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Guerriero S, Condous G, van den Bosch T, Valentin L, Leone FPG, Van Schoubroeck D, Exacoustos C, Installé AJF, Martins WP, Abrao MS, Hudelist G, Bazot M, Alcazar JL, Gonçalves MO, Pascual MA, Ajossa S, Savelli L, Dunham R, Reid S, Menakaya U, Bourne T, Ferrero S, Leon M, Bignardi T, Holland T, Jurkovic D, Benacerraf B, Osuga Y, Somigliana E, Timmerman D. Systematic approach to sonographic evaluation of the pelvis in women with suspected endometriosis, including terms, definitions and measurements: a consensus opinion from the International Deep Endometriosis Analysis (IDEA) group. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016; 48:318-332. [PMID: 27349699 DOI: 10.1002/uog.15955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The IDEA (International Deep Endometriosis Analysis group) statement is a consensus opinion on terms, definitions and measurements that may be used to describe the sonographic features of the different phenotypes of endometriosis. Currently, it is difficult to compare results between published studies because authors use different terms when describing the same structures and anatomical locations. We hope that the terms and definitions suggested herein will be adopted in centers around the world. This would result in consistent use of nomenclature when describing the ultrasound location and extent of endometriosis. We believe that the standardization of terminology will allow meaningful comparisons between future studies in women with an ultrasound diagnosis of endometriosis and should facilitate multicenter research. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Guerriero
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cagliari, Policlinico Universitario Duilio Casula, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - G Condous
- Acute Gynaecology, Early Pregnancy & Advanced Endosurgery Unit, Sydney Medical School Nepean, University of Sydney, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - T van den Bosch
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tienen Regional Hospital, Tienen, Belgium
| | - L Valentin
- Lund University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - F P G Leone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Sciences Institute L. Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - D Van Schoubroeck
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tienen Regional Hospital, Tienen, Belgium
| | - C Exacoustos
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Obstetrics and Gynecological Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy and Ospedale Generale S. Giovanni Calibita Fatebene Fratelli, Rome, Italy
| | - A J F Installé
- KU Leuven, Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), STADIUS, Center for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing and Data Analytics, Leuven, Belgium and iMinds Medical IT, Leuven, Belgium
| | - W P Martins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - M S Abrao
- Endometriosis Division, Obstetrics and Gynecological Department, Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Hudelist
- Hospital St John of God Johannes, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Bazot
- Department of Radiology, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - J L Alcazar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M O Gonçalves
- Clinica Medicina da Mulher and RDO Medicina Diagnóstica, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - M A Pascual
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Institut Universitari Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Ajossa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cagliari, Policlinico Universitario Duilio Casula, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - L Savelli
- Gynecology and Early Pregnancy Ultrasound Unit, S. Orsola - Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - R Dunham
- Department of Radiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - S Reid
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - U Menakaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Calvary Public Hospital & JUNIC Specialist Imaging & Women's Center, Canberra, Australia
| | - T Bourne
- Queen Charlotte's & Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - S Ferrero
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, Genova, Italy and Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - M Leon
- Ultrasound Unit, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Clinica Indisa, Santiago, Chile
| | - T Bignardi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda, Ospedaliera Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - T Holland
- Institute for Women's Health, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - D Jurkovic
- Institute for Women's Health, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - B Benacerraf
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - E Somigliana
- Fondazione Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - D Timmerman
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tienen Regional Hospital, Tienen, Belgium
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Liu S, Li Y, Qin Z, Geng X, Bao L, Kaltenboeck L, Kucuktas H, Dunham R, Liu Z. High-density interspecific genetic linkage mapping provides insights into genomic incompatibility between channel catfish and blue catfish. Anim Genet 2015; 47:81-90. [PMID: 26537786 DOI: 10.1111/age.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Catfish is the leading aquaculture species in the United States. The interspecific hybrid catfish produced by mating female channel catfish with male blue catfish outperform both of their parent species in a number of traits. However, mass production of the hybrids has been difficult because of reproductive isolation. Investigations of genome structure and organization of the hybrids provide insights into the genetic basis for maintenance of species divergence in the face of gene flow, thereby helping develop strategies for introgression and efficient production of the hybrids for aquaculture. In this study, we constructed a high-density genetic linkage map using the hybrid catfish system with the catfish 250K SNP array. A total of 26,238 SNPs were mapped to 29 linkage groups, with 12,776 unique marker positions. The linkage map spans approximately 3240 cM with an average intermarker distance of 0.25 cM. A fraction of markers (986 of 12,776) exhibited significant deviation from the expected Mendelian ratio of segregation, and they were clustered in major genomic blocks across 15 LGs, most notably LG9 and LG15. The distorted markers exhibited significant bias for maternal alleles among the backcross progenies, suggesting strong selection against the blue catfish alleles. The clustering of distorted markers within genomic blocks should lend insights into speciation as marked by incompatibilities between the two species. Such findings should also have profound implications for understanding the genomic evolution of closely related species as well as the introgression of hybrid production programs in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Y Li
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Z Qin
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - X Geng
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - L Bao
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - L Kaltenboeck
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - H Kucuktas
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - R Dunham
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Z Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
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Kerr NK, Dunham R, Wolstenhulme S, Wilson J. Comparison of two- and three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound in the visualisation of intrauterine devices. Ultrasound 2014; 22:141-7. [PMID: 27433211 DOI: 10.1177/1742271x14532082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aims of the study were to evaluate whether three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound (3D TV US) is superior to two-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound (2D TV US) at visualising intrauterine devices and determining their position. This prospective study included 52 participants with an intrauterine device fitted, who underwent 2D TV US and 3D TV US. 2D TV US and 3D-reconstructed coronal images were reviewed by two gynaecological radiologists to assess ease of visualisation and position of the intrauterine devices. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon signed-rank, McNemar and Chi-squared tests. The inter-observer agreement was measured using Cohen's Kappa. Intrauterine device visualisation scores were significantly higher with 2D TV US compared with 3D TV US (Radiologist 1 p = <0.001, Radiologist 2 p = 0.007). A significant number of T-arms appeared to perforate into the adjacent myometrium on the 3D-reconstructed coronal image, but were normal on the 2D images (Radiologist 1 p = <0.001, Radiologist 2 p = 0.008). Radiologist 1 found 19 perforated T-arms on 3D TV US compared with four on 2D TV US. Radiologist 2 found 13 perforated T-arms on 3D TV US compared with five on 2D TV US. Both radiologists agreed on the positions of the intrauterine devices substantially with 3D TV US (Kappa = 0.69) and moderately with 2D TV US (Kappa = 0.55). The 3D TV US did not visualise an intrauterine device better than 2D TV US. The 3D-reconstructed coronal image of the uterus can reliably display cases of T-arm perforation into the adjacent myometrium, which could be missed on 2D TV US images. The 3D TV US should be used in addition to 2D TV US in all cases where an intrauterine device is under evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Kerr
- Department of Radiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - R Dunham
- Department of Radiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - S Wolstenhulme
- Department of Radiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK; School of Health Care, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - J Wilson
- School of Health Care, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ninwichian
- Aquatic Genomics Unit, The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
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Dunham R. Evaluation of a Culturally Informed Therapy for Schizophrenia: Outcome Data, Therapist Competence/Adherence, and Future Directions. Eur Psychiatry 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70284-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This speaker will discuss the relationship between therapist fidelity (competence/adherence) and outcome for family therapy for schizophrenia. Some of her research will be presented linking various aspects of therapist performance to dropout rates, consumer satisfaction, and a host of client variables. She will also address how Culturally Informed Therapy for Schizophrenia (CIT-S) is being evaluated at the University of Miami, including outcome measures and timeframes. Most importantly, she will present preliminary outcome data comparing CIT-S to a treatment as usual, psychoeducation-only condition. Implications, limitations, and future directions for research and treatment will also be discussed. An interactive format will be utilized to field a discussion with the audience on how techniques of CIT-S can be used in other contexts outside of work with families coping with schizophrenia. Depending on time and interest, additional role-plays will be conducted further demonstrating CIT-S techniques.
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Seymour MT, Trigonis I, Finan PJ, Halstead F, Dunham R, Wilson G, Farrugia D, Chester JD, King J, Brown CB, Slevin ML, Joel SP. A feasibility, pharmacokinetic and frequency-escalation trial of intraperitoneal chemotherapy in high risk gastrointestinal tract cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2007; 34:403-9. [PMID: 17604939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2007.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2007] [Accepted: 05/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To assess the feasibility, pharmacokinetics and maximum tolerable frequency (MTF) of intraperitoneal (IP) 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin (FU/LV) added, as a regional boost, to intravenous chemotherapy after resection of gastrointestinal cancer. METHODS Fifty-three patients were recruited following gastrointestinal cancer resection (43 colon; 10 stomach/small bowel) with serosal involvement. Peritoneal ports were implanted and IP fluid distribution evaluated ultrasonically. Twelve patients were studied for pharmacokinetics; 44 (41 evaluable) for MTF. Treatment was weekly intravenous bolus FU/LV for 6 months; to this was added IP FU/LV (400/20 mg/m(2) in 1500 ml 4% icodextrin) with increasing frequency from 4 weekly to 1 weekly in four successive cohorts. RESULTS Peritoneal fluid distribution was excellent. Intraperitoneal FU exposure (AUC) after IP treatment was >1000-fold plasma AUC after IP treatment (regional pharmacokinetic advantage), and >100-fold plasma AUC after intravenous treatment (regional therapeutic advantage). IP therapy was well tolerated if given every 4, 3 or 2 weeks, but not weekly: 11/13, 7/8, 10/13 and 0/7 patients respectively completed treatment without IP modification in these cohorts. Problems with peritoneal access occurred in 20% of patients. CONCLUSION Adding fortnightly IP FU/LV to a standard intravenous regimen is safe, tolerable and provides high peritoneal FU exposure. More reliable peritoneal access is needed to improve the feasibility of this otherwise promising therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Seymour
- Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Leeds, Cookridge Hospital, Leeds, LS16 6QB, UK.
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14
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Sumpter B, Dunham R, Gordon S, Engram J, Hennessy M, Kinter A, Paiardini M, Cervasi B, Klatt N, McClure H, Milush JM, Staprans S, Sodora DL, Silvestri G. Correlates of preserved CD4(+) T cell homeostasis during natural, nonpathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus infection of sooty mangabeys: implications for AIDS pathogenesis. J Immunol 2007; 178:1680-91. [PMID: 17237418 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.3.1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to HIV-infected humans, naturally SIV-infected sooty mangabeys (SMs) very rarely progress to AIDS. Although the mechanisms underlying this disease resistance are unknown, a consistent feature of natural SIV infection is the absence of the generalized immune activation associated with HIV infection. To define the correlates of preserved CD4(+) T cell counts in SMs, we conducted a cross-sectional immunological study of 110 naturally SIV-infected SMs. The nonpathogenic nature of the infection was confirmed by an average CD4(+) T cell count of 1,076 +/- 589/mm(3) despite chronic infection with a highly replicating virus. No correlation was found between CD4(+) T cell counts and either age (used as a surrogate marker for length of infection) or viremia. The strongest correlates of preserved CD4(+) T cell counts were a low percentage of circulating effector T cells (CD28(-)CD95(+) and/or IL-7R/CD127(-)) and a high percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells. These findings support the hypothesis that the level of immune activation is a key determinant of CD4(+) T cell counts in SIV-infected SMs. Interestingly, we identified 14 animals with CD4(+) T cell counts of <500/mm(3), of which two show severe and persistent CD4(+) T cell depletion (<50/mm(3)). Thus, significant CD4(+) T cell depletion does occasionally follow SIV infection of SMs even in the context of generally low levels of immune activation, lending support to the hypothesis of multifactorial control of CD4(+) T cell homeostasis in this model of infection. The absence of AIDS in these "CD4(low)" naturally SIV-infected SMs defines a protective role of the reduced immune activation even in the context of a significant CD4(+) T cell depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Sumpter
- Department of Medicine and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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15
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Redbird RA, Ray WK, Hite D, Dunham R, Kennelly PJ. Identification of Endogenous Substrates for a Protein Kinase from Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 by Screening a Genomic Expression Library. FASEB J 2007. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.21.6.a986-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Ann Redbird
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State UniversityDepartment of Biochemistry (0308)BlacksburgVA24061
| | - W. Keith Ray
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State UniversityDepartment of Biochemistry (0308)BlacksburgVA24061
| | - Dustin Hite
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State UniversityDepartment of Biochemistry (0308)BlacksburgVA24061
| | - Richard Dunham
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State UniversityDepartment of Biochemistry (0308)BlacksburgVA24061
| | - Peter J. Kennelly
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State UniversityDepartment of Biochemistry (0308)BlacksburgVA24061
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16
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Abstract
PURPOSE The anal cushions are believed to contribute to the anal continence mechanism. Transvaginal ultrasound previously has been used to visualize the anal sphincters. Using this method, visualization of the anal cushions has been described but no quantitation of the cushions has been undertaken. Because impairment of the anal cushion function may lead to anal incontinence, this study was designed to evaluate the use of transvaginal ultrasound to measure the anal cushions. METHODS Patients attending a gynecologic ultrasound list were recruited into the study. By measuring cross-sectional areas, a cushion:canal ratio was calculated. RESULTS Fifty females were studied. Results showed that the area enclosed within the internal anal sphincter had a median of 2.37 cm(2) (interquartile range, 1.76-2.61). The cushion:canal ratio was 0.66 (interquartile range, 0.57-0.7). Interobserver error was 0.98 and intraobserver error 0.99. CONCLUSIONS In this pilot study, we conclude that transvaginal ultrasonography is a reliable method of measuring the anal cushions in healthy control subjects. A narrow normal range can be established. This may be compared later with anal cushion size in patients who have symptoms of incontinence and may be used to assess changes in the size of the cushions in response to recently described anal cushion bulking agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Nicholls
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Great George Street, Leeds, United Kingdom
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17
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Dunham R, Pagliardini P, Gordon S, Sumpter B, Engram J, Moanna A, Paiardini M, Mandl JN, Lawson B, Garg S, McClure HM, Xu YX, Ibegbu C, Easley K, Katz N, Pandrea I, Apetrei C, Sodora DL, Staprans SI, Feinberg MB, Silvestri G. The AIDS resistance of naturally SIV-infected sooty mangabeys is independent of cellular immunity to the virus. Blood 2006; 108:209-17. [PMID: 16522814 PMCID: PMC1895834 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-12-4897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected humans, natural hosts for simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) very rarely progress to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). While the mechanisms underlying this disease resistance are still poorly understood, a consistent feature of natural SIV infection is the absence of the generalized immune activation associated with HIV infection. To investigate the immunologic mechanisms underlying the absence of AIDS in SIV-infected sooty mangabeys (SMs), a natural host species, we performed a detailed analysis of the SIV-specific cellular immune responses in 110 SIV-infected SMs. We found that while SIV-specific T-cell responses are detectable in the majority of animals, their magnitude and breadth are, in fact, lower than what has been described in HIV-infected humans, both in terms of cytokine production (ie, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-2) and degranulation (ie, CD107a expression). Of importance, SIV-specific T-cell responses were similarly low when either SIVmac239-derived peptides or autologous SIVsmm peptides were used as stimuli. No correlation was found between SIV-specific T-cell responses and either viral load or CD4+ T-cell count, or between these responses and markers of T-cell activation and proliferation. These findings indicate that the absence of AIDS in naturally SIV-infected sooty mangabeys is independent of a strong cellular immune response to the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Dunham
- Emory University, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes Primate Research Center, and the School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
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18
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Abstract
Recent studies have emphasized the role of a chronic, generalized activation of the immune system as a prominent cause of CD4+ T-cell depletion in HIV-infected patients. The HIV-induced immune activation is a strong predictor of disease progression in humans, and lack of immune activation is a key feature of nonpathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of natural hosts. The mechanisms by which immune activation induces CD4+ T-cell depletion are still incompletely understood, but likely involve changes in the complex dynamics of the naive, memory, and effector subsets of T cells. A better understanding of how HIV-induced immune activation leads to CD4+ T-cell depletion may provide new targets for immune-based interventions that could be used, in addition to standard antiretroviral therapy, to slow disease progression in HIV-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Moanna
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 954 Gatewood Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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19
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Paiardini M, Cervasi B, Albrecht H, Muthukumar A, Dunham R, Gordon S, Radziewicz H, Piedimonte G, Magnani M, Montroni M, Kaech SM, Weintrob A, Altman JD, Sodora DL, Feinberg MB, Silvestri G. Loss of CD127 Expression Defines an Expansion of Effector CD8+T Cells in HIV-Infected Individuals. J Immunol 2005; 174:2900-9. [PMID: 15728501 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.5.2900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The immunodeficiency that follows HIV infection is related to the virus-mediated killing of infected CD4(+) T cells, the chronic activation of the immune system, and the impairment of T cell production. In this study we show that in HIV-infected individuals the loss of IL-7R (CD127) expression defines the expansion of a subset of CD8(+) T cells, specific for HIV as well as other Ags, that show phenotypic (i.e., loss of CCR7 and CD62 ligand expression with enrichment in activated and/or proliferating cells) as well as functional (i.e., production of IFN-gamma, but not IL-2, decreased ex vivo proliferative potential and increased susceptibility to apoptosis) features of effector T cells. Importantly, in HIV-infected individuals the levels of CD8(+)CD127(-) T cells are directly correlated with the main markers of disease progression (i.e., plasma viremia and CD4(+) T cell depletion) as well as with the indices of overall T cell activation. In all, these results identify the expansion of CD8(+)CD127(-) effector-like T cells as a novel feature of the HIV-associated immune perturbation. Further studies are thus warranted to determine whether measurements of CD127 expression on CD8(+) T cells may be useful in the clinical management of HIV-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Paiardini
- Department of Medicine, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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20
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Abstract
We conducted a postal survey to find out the current practice in the UK regarding the methods employed to assess tubal patency. A questionnaire was developed to evaluate the methods used to assess tubal patency in women presenting with infertility with or without risk factors suggesting pelvic disease. A total of 496 questionnaires were sent and 174 responded (35%). The survey represented an overall view as both gynaecologists and radiologists from secondary and tertiary centres responded. In the responses from radiologists, a hysterosalpingogram was the investigation of choice for both low risk (61%) and high risk women (50%). However in the responses from gynaecologists, in patients with no past gynaecological history, the majority performed a hysterosalpingogram (58%) or hystero contrast sonography (HyCoSy) (14%) whereas in patients in whom pelvic pathology was suspected, most (84%) performed a laparoscopy and dye test. The survey also showed that HyCoSy was performed in only a few centres in the UK. The responses from the majority of gynaecologists were in accordance with the RCOG guidelines. However, still some centres (28%) offered laparoscopy and dye test in low risk women as the primary test for assessing tubal patency. Given the risks associated with laparoscopy, this should be reserved for cases where pathology is suspected and scheduled to be combined with laparoscopic surgery.
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21
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Abstract
For a number of years the pathogenesis of AIDS was thought to be essentially related to direct human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-mediated killing of CD4+ T cells. More recently, attention has shifted to pathogenic models that emphasize the role of generalized immune system activation and the excess apoptosis of uninfected T cells in inducing HIV-associated CD4+ T-cell depletion. The main focus of our research is to better define the determinants and the consequences of these "indirect" mechanisms of immunodeficiency by studying both HIV-infected patients and nonhuman primates infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). We have discovered that pathogenic models of retroviral infections of primates (i.e., HIV infection in humans and SIV infection in rhesus macaques) are associated with the presence of a set of perturbations of normal cell-cycle control in T lymphocytes. These perturbations, to which we collectively refer to as cell-cycle dysregulation, or CCD, may represent an important biological link between chronic immune activation and excess apoptosis and therefore may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of AIDS. A better understanding of the determinants and consequences of CCD may pave the way for the introduction of new therapeutic strategies to be used in addition to standard antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Paiardini
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 954 Gatewood Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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22
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Liu Z, Karsi A, Li P, Cao D, Dunham R. An AFLP-Based Genetic Linkage Map of Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) Constructed by Using an Interspecific Hybrid Resource Family. Genetics 2003; 165:687-94. [PMID: 14573480 PMCID: PMC1462775 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/165.2.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Catfish is the major aquaculture species in the United States. The hybrid catfish produced by crossing channel catfish females with blue catfish males exhibit a number of desirable production traits, but their mass production has been difficult. To introduce desirable genes from blue catfish into channel catfish through introgression, a genetic linkage map is helpful. In this project, a genetic linkage map was constructed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). A total of 607 AFLP markers were analyzed using 65 primer combinations and an interspecific backcross resource family. A total of 418 AFLP markers were assigned to 44 linkage groups. Among the remaining 189 markers, 101 were not used because of significant segregation distortion, 29 were unlinked, and 59 were eliminated because they span very large distances. The 418 AFLP markers covered 1593 cM Kosambi. The AFLP markers showed a high level of clustering that appears to be related to certain primer combinations. This linkage map will serve as the basis for mapping a greater number of markers to provide a map with high enough resolution for it to be useful for selective breeding programs using introgression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjiang Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA.
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23
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Tang Y, Shepherd BS, Nichols AJ, Dunham R, Chen TT. Influence of environmental salinity on messenger RNA levels of growth hormone, prolactin, and somatolactin in pituitary of the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2001; 3:205-217. [PMID: 14961357 DOI: 10.1007/s101260000061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Pituitary growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), and somatolactin (SL) messenger RNA levels in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were examined under various environmental and physiological conditions. Catfish were sampled following salinity challenge, during the winter (December) and spring or summer (April or July), and at different sizes (15-18 g, 620-664 g, and 956-1134 g). When catfish (956-1134 g) were transferred from freshwater to saline water containing 8 ppt NaCl, their plasma [Na(+)] increased significantly above values in the freshwater control group until they were transferred back to freshwater. Pituitary GH mRNA levels were low for the first 24 hours following transfer to saline water, but thereafter were significantly elevated above control values until the fish were transferred back to freshwater. Pituitary GH mRNA levels were highest in July and lowest in December. Growth hormone mRNA levels were also elevated in the size groups 15-18 g and 956-1134 g in July when compared with December values. Pituitary PRL mRNA levels increased for the first 24 hours following transfer to saline water (956-1134 g), but thereafter were significantly lower than control values until the fish were transferred back to freshwater. Pituitary PRL mRNA levels were highest in April and July and lowest in December, and were also elevated in the size groups 620-664 g and 956-1134 g. Pituitary SL mRNA levels were unaffected in catfish transferred to saline water; however, levels were significantly elevated in catfish of the 956-1134-g size group sampled in April when compared with December. These results suggest the involvement of GH in adaptation to brackish water and of PRL in adaptation to freshwater in the catfish, and seasonal and size-related differences in pituitary GH, PRL, and SL mRNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tang
- Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
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24
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Ju Z, Karsi A, Kocabas A, Patterson A, Li P, Cao D, Dunham R, Liu Z. Transcriptome analysis of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus): genes and expression profile from the brain. Gene 2000; 261:373-82. [PMID: 11167026 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(00)00491-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis was conducted using a complementary DNA (cDNA) library made from the brain mRNA of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). As part of our transcriptome analysis in catfish to develop molecular reagents for comparative functional genomics, here we report analysis of 1201 brain cDNA clones. Of the 1201 clones, 595 clones (49.5%) were identified as known genes by BLAST searches and 606 clones (50.5%) as unknown genes. The 595 clones of known gene products represent transcripts of 251 genes. These known genes were categorized into 15 groups according to their biological functions. The largest group of known genes was the genes involved in translational machinery (21.4%) followed by mitochondrial genes (6.2%), structural genes (3.1%), genes homologous to sequences of unknown functions (2.3%), enzymes (2.7%), hormone and regulatory proteins (2.5%), genes involved in immune systems (2.1%), genes involved in sorting, transport, and metal metabolism (1.8%), transcriptional factors and DNA repair proteins (1.6%), proto-oncogenes (1.2%), lipid binding proteins (1.2%), stress-induced genes (0.7%), genes homologous to human genes involved in mental diseases (0.6%), and development or differentiation-related genes (0.3%). The number of genes represented by the 606 clones of unknown genes is not known at present, but the high percentage of clones showing no homology to any known genes in the GenBank databases may indicate that a great number of novel genes exist in teleost brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ju
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, 203 Swingle Hall, Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, AL, Auburn 36849, USA
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25
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Sokol-Katz J, Dunham R, Zimmerman R. Family structure versus parental attachment in controlling adolescent deviant behavior: a social control model. Adolescence 1997; 32:199-215. [PMID: 9105501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between family characteristics and adolescent deviant behaviors such as major and minor delinquency, and alcohol, cigarette, and drug use, while controlling for gender and race/ethnicity. The intervening factor of the socialization of law-abiding belief was also examined. Data represent a subsample from Wave 1 of the South Florida Youth Development Project involving middle school students in Dade County public schools. A significant direct relationship was found between family attachment and each of the deviant behaviors; however, family structure was not significantly related to any of the deviant behaviors. No significant interactions were found between gender or race with family structure and family attachment regarding any of the deviant behaviors. Family attachment had a direct effect on law-abiding belief, which also had a significant effect on the deviant behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sokol-Katz
- Department of Sociology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA
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26
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Dunham R, Sackier JM. Is there a dilemma in adequately training surgeons in both open and laparoscopic biliary surgery? Surg Clin North Am 1994; 74:913-21; discussion 923-9. [PMID: 8047949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
It is apparent that no inherent dilemma exists in training surgeons in both open and laparoscopic techniques. The important point is that surgeons are trained: a solid foundation in the basic sciences, well-developed technical skills, a large clinical experience on which to base future decisions, and the insight to know when one's skills require improvement. The principles of biliary surgery should be adhered to, and in one's haste to become proficient at laparoscopic techniques, one must not abandon the most basic of these-the unequivocal identification of all structures before ligating, dividing, clipping, or otherwise sacrificing tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dunham
- University of California, San Diego Surgical Residency Program
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27
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Powers DA, Hereford L, Cole T, Chen TT, Lin CM, Kight K, Creech K, Dunham R. Electroporation: a method for transferring genes into the gametes of zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio), channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), and common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol 1992; 1:301-8. [PMID: 1339228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant plasmids containing the Rous sarcoma virus long-terminal repeat (RSVLTR) promoter linked to either rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) growth hormone 1 (rtGH1) or growth hormone 2 (rtGH2) cDNA were linearized and introduced into the fertilized eggs of zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio), channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) by both electroporation and microinjection. The latter two species had these rainbow trout constructs (RSVLTR-rtGH1cDNA or RSVLTR-rtGH2) electroporated into both gametes (i.e., sperm and unfertilized eggs) prior to fertilization, into eggs shortly after fertilization, and at the first cell division stage. Survival was determined just after hatching and again between 3 and 5 months after hatching. Polymerase chain reactions and Southern blot analyses were used to detect those individuals carrying the introduced foreign genes 3 to 5 months after hatching, respectively. Individuals analyzed by both methods yielded identical results in a double-blind study. The electroporation results were compared with groups that were microinjected. Although survival was similar, electroporation tended to produce a greater number of transgenic individuals than the microinjection procedure, and many more eggs could be treated per unit time by electroporation than microinjection. Survival was better for common carp when electroporation was performed shortly after fertilization, whereas channel catfish fared better at the first cell division stage. Electroporation prior to and shortly after fertilization, and at the first cell stage appeared to generate a large fraction of transgenic fish. We cautiously conclude that electroporation is an efficient method for introducing foreign DNA into fish gametes and embryos and may be an ideal method for treating large numbers of gametes in a modest period.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Powers
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950
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28
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Brower HT, Kolanowski AM, Tappen RM, Dunham R. Integration or separation gerontological nursing education? Gerontol Geriatr Educ 1984; 5:45-53. [PMID: 6537368 DOI: 10.1300/j021v05n02_06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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29
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Steckel RJ, Furmanski S, Dunham R, Collins JD, Ross N, Snow HD, Poe N. Radionuclide perfusion lymphangiography. An experimental technique to complement the standard ethiodol lymphangiogram. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1975; 124:600-9. [PMID: 169706 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.124.4.600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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