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Darlow BA, Horwood J, Dhakal B, Harris SL, McKelvey VA, Elliott JM, Yang J, Mackay RJ. Correction: Biomarkers of ageing in New Zealand VLBW young adults and controls. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:708. [PMID: 32647334 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-1054-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Darlow
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - John Horwood
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Bhubaneswor Dhakal
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sarah L Harris
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - John M Elliott
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jun Yang
- Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Richard J Mackay
- Canterbury Health Laboratories, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Greaves RF, Jolly L, Massie J, Scott S, Wiley VC, Metz MP, Mackay RJ. Laboratory performance of sweat conductivity for the screening of cystic fibrosis. Clin Chem Lab Med 2018; 56:554-559. [PMID: 28988220 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2017-0530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are several complementary English-language guidelines for the performance of the sweat chloride test. These guidelines also incorporate information for the collection of conductivity samples. However, recommendations for the measurement and reporting of sweat conductivity are less clear than for sweat chloride. The aim of the study was to develop an understanding of the testing and reporting practices of sweat conductivity in Australasian laboratories. METHODS A survey specifically directed at conductivity testing was sent to the 12 laboratories registered with the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia Quality Assurance Programs. RESULTS Nine (75%) laboratories participated in the survey, seven of whom used Wescor Macroduct® for collecting sweat and the Wescor SWEAT·CHEK™ for conductivity testing, and the remaining two used the Wescor Nanoduct®. There was considerable variation in frequency and staffing for this test. Likewise, criteria about which patients it was inappropriate to test, definitions of adequate collection sweat rate, cutoffs and actions recommended on the basis of the result showed variations between laboratories. CONCLUSIONS Variations in sweat conductivity testing and reporting reflect many of the same issues that were revealed in sweat chloride test audits and have the potential to lead to uncertainty about the result and the proper action in response to the result. We recommend that sweat testing guidelines should include clearer statements about the use of sweat conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronda F Greaves
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Lisa Jolly
- RCPA Quality Assurance Programs Pty Ltd, Chemical Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - John Massie
- Royal Children's Hospital, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sue Scott
- RCPA Quality Assurance Programs Pty Ltd, Chemical Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Veronica C Wiley
- NSW Newborn Screening, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael P Metz
- SA Pathology at The Women's & Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypoproteinaemia leads to spuriously high-sodium values when measured by indirect ion-selective electrodes (ISE) as used in main laboratory analysers compared with direct ISE employed in point-of-care analysers (POCT). The authors, therefore, investigated the occurrence of hypoalbuminaemia and its effect on measured sodium from POCT and the main laboratory analyser of neonatal intensive-care samples. METHOD Sodium, in paired retrospective samples, measured by the main laboratory and neonatal unit blood-gas (POCT) analysers were compared. RESULTS Hypoalbuminaemia (<30 g/l) was present in 1400/2420 paired results. Sodium was higher when measured by laboratory analyser, the difference increased with decreasing albumin; sodium (laboratory - POCT)=7.6 (±1.1)-0.22 (±0.04)×albumin. A difference >3 mmol/l was present in 31% and consequently underestimated (9.4%) hyponatraemia and overestimated (3.8%) hypernatraemia. CONCLUSION Hypoalbuminaemia is common in sick neonates and monitoring electrolytes using POCT and laboratory analysers frequently yield significantly different results with consequent misclassification. In these patients, measurement of electrolytes by direct ISE (blood-gas analyser) may be more accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard I King
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Cnr Hagley Ave and Tuam Street, PO Box 151, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand.
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Lynn AM, King RI, Mackay RJ, Florkowski CM, Wilson CJ. BCS1L gene mutation presenting with GRACILE-like syndrome and complex III deficiency. Ann Clin Biochem 2012; 49:201-3. [PMID: 22277166 DOI: 10.1258/acb.2011.011180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The clinical presentation of a neonate with GRACILE-like syndrome, complex III deficiency and BCS1L mutations is discussed. This case is compared and contrasted with the original Finnish reports of GRACILE syndrome and other cases with a similar phenotype. This case confirms the pathogenicity of the BCS1L gene mutation c.166C>T, and provides support for the pathogenicity of a sequence variation, c.-588T>A, previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne M Lynn
- Neonatal Services, Level 4, Christchurch Women’s Hospital, Private Bag 4711, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
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Aldous SJ, Florkowski CM, Crozier IG, Elliott J, George P, Lainchbury JG, Mackay RJ, Than M. Comparison of high sensitivity and contemporary troponin assays for the early detection of acute myocardial infarction in the emergency department. Ann Clin Biochem 2011; 48:241-8. [DOI: 10.1258/acb.2010.010219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Current guidelines define acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by the rise and/or fall of cardiac troponin with ≥1 value above the 99th percentile. Past troponin assays have been unreliable at the lower end of the range. Highly sensitive assays have therefore been developed to increase the clinical sensitivity for detection of myocardial injury. Methods Three hundred and thirty-two patients with chest pain suggestive of AMI were prospectively recruited between November 2006 and April 2007. Serial blood samples were analysed to compare Roche Elecsys high sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT), Abbott Architect troponin I 3rd generation (TnI 3) and Roche Elecsys troponin T (TnT) for the diagnosis of AMI. Results One hundred and ten (33.1%) patients were diagnosed with AMI. Test performance for the diagnosis of AMI, as quantified by receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (95% confidence intervals) for baseline/follow-up troponins were as follows: hsTnT 0.90 (0.87–0.94)/0.94 (0.91–0.97), TnI 3 0.88 (0.84–0.92)/0.93 (0.90–0.96) and TnT 0.80 (0.74–0.85)/0.89 (0.85–0.94). hsTnT was superior to TnT ( P < 0.001/0.013 at baseline/follow-up) but equivalent to TnI 3. For patients with a final diagnosis of AMI, baseline troponins were raised in more patients for hsTnT (83.6%) than TnI 3 (74.5%) and TnT (62.7%). A delta troponin of ≥20% increased the specificity of hsTnT from 80.6% to 93.7% but reduced sensitivity from 90.9% to 71.8%. Conclusion hsTnT was superior to TnT but equivalent to TnI 3 for the diagnosis of AMI. Serial troponin measurement increased test performance. hsTnT was the most likely to be raised at baseline in those with AMI. A delta troponin increases specificity but reduces sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin Than
- Emergency Department, Christchurch Hospital, Riccarton Road, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Mackay RJ, McEntyre CJ, Henderson C, Lever M, George PM. Trimethylaminuria: causes and diagnosis of a socially distressing condition. Clin Biochem Rev 2011; 32:33-43. [PMID: 21451776 PMCID: PMC3052392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Trimethylaminuria is a disorder in which the volatile, fish-smelling compound, trimethylamine (TMA) accumulates and is excreted in the urine, but is also found in the sweat and breath of these patients. Because many patients have associated body odours or halitosis, trimethylaminuria sufferers can meet serious difficulties in a social context, leading to other problems such as isolation and depression. TMA is formed by bacteria in the mammalian gut from reduction of compounds such as trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and choline. Primary trimethylaminuria sufferers have an inherited enzyme deficiency where TMA is not efficiently converted to the non-odorous TMAO in the liver. Secondary causes of trimethylaminuria have been described, sometimes accompanied by genetic variations. Diagnosis of trimethylaminuria requires the measurement of TMA and TMAO in urine, which should be collected after a high substrate meal in milder or intermittent cases, most simply, a marine-fish meal. The symptoms of trimethylaminuria can be improved by changes in the diet to avoid precursors, in particular TMAO which is found in high concentrations in marine fish. Treatment with antibiotics to control bacteria in the gut, or activated charcoal to sequester TMA, may also be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Caroline Henderson
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory Canterbury Health Laboratories, PO Box 151, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | | | - Peter M George
- Biochemistry Unit and
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory Canterbury Health Laboratories, PO Box 151, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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Ellison-Loschmann L, Pattemore PK, Asher MI, Clayton TO, Crane J, Ellwood P, Mackay RJ, Mitchell EA, Moyes C, Pearce N, Stewart AW. Ethnic differences in time trends in asthma prevalence in New Zealand: ISAAC Phases I and III. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2009; 13:775-782. [PMID: 19460256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
SETTING The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase III survey, New Zealand. OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of asthma symptoms and time trends by ethnicity between ISAAC Phase I (1992-1993) and Phase III (2001-2003). DESIGN Information on asthma symptoms and environmental exposures was collected in children aged 6-7 years (n = 10,873) and adolescents aged 13-14 years (n = 13,317). RESULTS In children, the prevalence of current wheeze was 28.5% in Māori (prevalence odds ratio [POR] = 1.49, 95%CI 1.32-1.68), and 25.2% in Pacific Islanders (POR 1.28, 95%CI 1.07-1.54) compared with 20.7% in Europeans/Pakeha. In adolescents, 29.9% of Māori (POR = 1.13, 95%CI 1.03-1.23) and 20.8% of Pacific Islanders (POR 0.74, 95%CI 0.62-0.87) experienced current wheeze compared to 28.6% of Europeans/Pakeha. Between Phases I and III, the prevalence of current wheeze increased significantly by 0.49%/year in Pacific Islanders, increased non-significantly by 0.12%/year in Māori, and decreased significantly by 0.25%/year in Europeans/Pakeha children. In adolescents, the prevalence of current wheeze increased by 0.05%/year in Pacific Islanders and decreased by 0.33%/year in Europeans/Pakeha and by 0.07%/year in Māori. CONCLUSION Ethnic differences in asthma symptom prevalence in New Zealand have increased. The reasons for this are unclear, but may reflect inequalities in access to health services.
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Mackay RJ, Bratkovic D, Couper R, Davidson GP, Fahy R, Fletcher JM, Ranieri E. Detection of treatable neonatal liver disease by expanded newborn screening. J Inherit Metab Dis 2008; 31 Suppl 2:S271-3. [PMID: 18855117 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-008-0842-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2007] [Revised: 08/02/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Two neonates were identified at age 48 h by expanded newborn screening, with abnormal methionine and tyrosine concentrations, which were confirmed on repeat samples. Evidence of previously unsuspected liver disease was found at recall, and there was radiological and biochemical evidence of severe liver disease with hepatic synthetic failure. After inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) were excluded, both were considered to have neonatal haemochromatosis, on the basis of raised ferritin, iron saturation, and very high α-fetoprotein and confirmed by a mildly hyperferritinaemic sibling in the first case, and raised ferritin and iron saturation in the second. However, it was not feasible to obtain tissue confirmation as the requirement for early therapy precluded biopsy. The babies were treated with antioxidants and iron-chelating agents, and the coagulopathy and hypoalbuminaemia were corrected. Both made a complete recovery and remain well after follow-up. Newborn screening programmes could consider advising clinicians, when tyrosine and methionine values are elevated, that once IEMs are excluded liver disease from other causes must be sought. Neonatal haemochromatosis is an example of one such disease that is potentially treatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Mackay
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Mackay RJ, Florkowski CM, George PM, Sies CW, Woods S. Uncertainty of sweat chloride testing: does the right hand know what the left hand is doing? Ann Clin Biochem 2008; 45:535-8. [DOI: 10.1258/acb.2008.008127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although analytical variation in sweat electrolyte testing can be easily estimated, there is limited data on total variation. This study aims to evaluate the total variation of the sweat test by measuring the difference between sweat electrolyte values in specimens obtained simultaneously from two sites. Chloride is recommended in published guidelines as the only discriminant for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis, and sodium may be measured as a guide to the adequacy of collection and analysis. Both are reported here. Sweat was collected in patients by the Gibson Cooke method from two sites simultaneously. Coefficient of variation in this laboratory is 4.1 and 5% for chloride and sodium, respectively. 295 patients had sufficient sweat collected from both sites for analysis. The values for chloride and sodium were compared between the two sites. The total coefficient of variation (CVt) calculated for the whole group between the two sites was 20.2% for chloride and 16.9% for sodium, and the standard deviations 4.3 mmol/L and 4.8 mmol/L, respectively. In patients with intermediate chloride concentrations; in different age groups; and when those tests with a difference between sodium and chloride concentration of more than 15 were excluded, minimal differences in these figures were observed. Use of strictly defined cut-off points to discriminate between normal and intermediate electrolyte values, and between intermediate and raised electrolyte values, does not reflect the variation in sweat electrolyte content found within an individual patient. This has important implications for reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Mackay
- Biochemistry Unit, Canterbury Health Laboratories, PO Box 151, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - C M Florkowski
- Biochemistry Unit, Canterbury Health Laboratories, PO Box 151, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - P M George
- Biochemistry Unit, Canterbury Health Laboratories, PO Box 151, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - C W Sies
- Biochemistry Unit, Canterbury Health Laboratories, PO Box 151, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - S Woods
- Biochemistry Unit, Canterbury Health Laboratories, PO Box 151, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
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Pattemore PK, Ellison-Loschmann L, Asher MI, Barry DMJ, Clayton TO, Crane J, D'Souza WJ, Ellwood P, Ford RPK, Mackay RJ, Mitchell EA, Moyes C, Pearce N, Stewart AW. Asthma prevalence in European, Maori, and Pacific children in New Zealand: ISAAC study. Pediatr Pulmonol 2004; 37:433-42. [PMID: 15095327 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.10449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) demonstrated that the highest prevalence of asthma in the world is in English-speaking countries, including New Zealand. In this paper, we compare asthma symptom prevalence in the three major ethnic groups (Maori, Pacific, and European) in the six participating centers in New Zealand. Hospital admission rates for asthma are higher among Maori and Pacific children compared to European children. The working hypothesis was that there were important differences in prevalence of asthma symptoms or diagnosis between ethnic groups which might explain these observed differences in asthma morbidity. In each center in 1992-1993, we sampled approximately 3000 children at each of the age brackets 6-7 years and 13-14 years. There were 37592 participants. Maori children had higher rates of diagnosed asthma and reported asthma symptoms than Pacific children in both age groups (diagnosed asthma in 6-7-year-olds: Maori, 31.7%; Pacific, 21.2%; 95% confidence interval on difference (CID), 7.2, 13.8; P < 0.001; 13-14-year-olds: Maori, 24.7%; Pacific, 19.2%; CID 2.5, 8.5; P < 0.001; recent wheeze in 6-7-year-olds: Maori, 27.6%; Pacific, 22.0%; CID, 2.6, 8.6; P < 0.001; 13-14-year-olds: Maori, 30.8%; Pacific, 21.1%; CID, 4.8, 14.5; P < 0.001;). European children had rates intermediate between those of Maori and Pacific children (6-7-year-olds) or similar to those of Maori children (13-14-year-olds), but had the lowest prevalence of night waking with wheeze in both age groups (e.g., 6-7-year-olds: European, 2.6%; Maori, 5.8%; Pacific, 5.7%; European-Maori CID: -4.2, -2.2, P < 0.001; European-Pacific CID: -4.7, -1.7, P < 0.001; Maori-Pacific CID: -1.7, 1.8, P = 1.0). The pattern of differences closely resembled that in a 1985 Auckland study, despite a 1.5-1.7-fold overall increase in prevalence. In conclusion, there are important differences in asthma prevalence among Maori, Pacific, and European children. These differences are small compared to worldwide variation, but their pattern is stable over time. The higher rate of severe asthma symptoms that Maori and Pacific children report may be one reason for the increased asthma morbidity in these groups. Further studies are needed to determine the reasons for these apparent differences in asthma severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip K Pattemore
- Department of Paediatrics, Christchurch School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand
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Cheadle MA, Tanhauser SM, Scase TJ, Dame JB, Mackay RJ, Ginn PE, Greiner EC. Viability of Sarcocystis neurona sporocysts and dose titration in gamma-interferon knockout mice. Vet Parasitol 2001; 95:223-31. [PMID: 11223202 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4017(00)00419-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-interferon knockout mice have become the model animal used for studies on Sarcocystis neurona. In order to determine the viability of S. neurona sporocysts and to evaluate the course of the disease in these mice, sporocysts were collected from opossums (Didelphis virginiana), processed, and stored for varying periods of time. Gamma-interferon knockout mice were then inoculated orally with different isolates at different doses. These animals were observed daily for clinical signs until they died or it appeared necessary to humanely euthanize them. 15 of 17 (88%) mice died or showed clinical signs consistent with neurologic disease. The clinical neurologic symptoms observed in these mice appeared to be similar to those observed in horses. 15 of 17 (88%) mice were euthanized or dead by day 35 and organisms were observed in the brains of 13 of 17 (77%) mice. Dose appeared not to effect clinical signs, but did effect the amount of time in which the course of disease was completed with some isolates. The minimum effective dose in this study was 500 orally inoculated sporocysts. Efforts to titrate to smaller doses were not attempted. Direct correlation can be made between molecularly characterized S. neurona sporocysts and their ability to cause neurologic disease in gamma-interferon knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Cheadle
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610-0880, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Cutler
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA
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Milam SB, Mackay RJ, Skelley LA. Secretion of tumor necrosis factor by endotoxin-treated equine mammary exudate macrophages: effect of dexamethasone and pentoxifylline. Cornell Vet 1992; 82:435-46. [PMID: 1424636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by equine mammary exudate macrophages (MEM phi) exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was dose-dependent and was maximal (216.5 +/- 51.9 U/ml) at 100 micrograms LPS/ml, the highest concentration tested. All concentrations of dexamethasone tested (10(-8) to 10(-4) M) significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) inhibited TNF production by MEM phi when the agent was added 1 hour before LPS. Pretreatment with pentoxifylline at concentrations greater than 3 micrograms/ml also significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) reduced secretion of TNF by MEM phi. The inhibitory effect of dexamethasone (10(-4) M) was observed when the agent was added to MEM phi from 30 minutes before until 4 hours after LPS. Pentoxifylline (100 micrograms/ml) significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) suppressed TNF when added from 2 hours before until 2 hours after LPS; however, when pentoxifylline addition was delayed until 8 hours post-LPS, TNF production was enhanced. These apparent inhibitory effects of dexamethasone and pentoxifylline were not due to reduced macrophage viability or to interfering effects of the agents at the level of the TNF bioassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Milam
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
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Mackay RJ, van der Westhuyzen JH. Asthma in New Zealand: some answers, more questions. N Z Med J 1988; 101:835. [PMID: 3205501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Murton LJ, Butt WW, Mackay RJ, Roy RN, De Crespigny LC. Perinatal factors, periventricular haemorrhage and mortality in very low birthweight infants. Aust Paediatr J 1985; 21:39-43. [PMID: 2983656 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.1985.tb00121.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In a population of 225 very low birthweight infants born over a 21 month period the cerebroventricular system was scanned by ultrasound. One third of the infants developed a periventricular haemorrhage; in 41% of infants the haemorrhage was detected before an hour of age and 66% of all haemorrhages occurred within the first 24 hours. Statistically significant associations with periventricular haemorrhage included vaginal delivery, endotracheal intubation and intravenous sodium bicarbonate when this was administered in the first 24 hours. In a stepwise regression analysis, however, these and other potentially significant variables added little to the total accountable variance. A similar analysis of perinatal factors and mortality revealed that decreasing gestation was the major association with death.
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Butt W, Mackay RJ, de Crespigny LC, Murton LJ, Roy RN. Intracranial lesions of congenital cytomegalovirus infection detected by ultrasound scanning. Pediatrics 1984; 73:611-4. [PMID: 6326039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Four cases of congenital cytomegalovirus infection associated with previously unreported intracranial lesions--paraventricular cysts and intraventricular strands and mild ventriculomegaly--are described. These findings may have serious implications regarding the long-term neurologic prognosis for infants with congenital cytomegalovirus infection.
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Mackay RJ, de Crespigny LC, Murton LJ, Roy RN. Intraventricular haemorrhage in term neonates: diagnosis by ultrasound. Aust Paediatr J 1982; 18:205-7. [PMID: 7181772 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.1982.tb02030.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Abstract
A 4-year-old stallion was examined because of a 2-month history of inappetance and weight loss. Diarrhoea had also developed a month before presentation. Abnormal clinical findings were emaciation, diarrhoea, ventral oedema, palpable mesenteric lymph node enlargement and a large mass in the left cranial portion of the abdomen. Significant laboratory findings were anaemia (packed cell volume 0.21 litres/litre), hypoalbuminaemia (16 g/litre) and xylose malabsorption. The horse was euthanased and at necropsy a 10.5 kg pendunculated mass composed of granulation tissue was found within and attached to the stomach. There was villous atrophy diffusely throughout the small intestine. The inciting cause of the gastric mass was not determined.
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Abstract
An epidemic of bronchopneumonia in infants and young children, with adenovirus type 21 infection, was observed in Auckland, New Zealand, in 1977. Eighteen children, four to 44 months of age, with clinical and radiologic evidence of bronchopneumonia are described. Several of the children were seriously ill but there were no deaths. When reviewed six to 12 months after diagnosis, six children had clinical signs and 13 had radiologic signs of residual pulmonary disease. There were no detectable pulmonary sequelae in two children. Three children were lost to follow-up and could not be evaluated. Adenovirus type 21 bronchopneumonia is a serious illness and an important cause of chronic bronchopneumopathy in infants and young children.
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