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Kassam Z, Lang R, Bates DDB, Chang KJ, Fraum TJ, Friedman KA, Golia Pernicka JS, Gollub MJ, Harisinghani M, Khatri G, Lall C, Lee S, Magnetta M, Nougaret S, Paspulati RM, Paroder V, Shaish H, Kim DH, Baheti A, Beets-Tan R, dePrisco G, Ernst R, Ganeshan D, Hope T, Horvat N, Jhaveri K, Kaur H, Korngold E, Lalwani N, Moreno C, Petkovska I, Pickhardt PJ, Rauche G, Sheedy S. Correction: SAR user guide to the rectal MR synoptic report (primary staging). Abdom Radiol (NY) 2023; 48:200. [PMID: 36114288 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-022-03656-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Kassam
- Western University, London, Canada
| | - R Lang
- Western University, London, Canada
| | | | | | - T J Fraum
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, St. Louis, USA
| | - K A Friedman
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, USA
| | | | | | | | - G Khatri
- University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, USA
| | - C Lall
- University of Florida-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, USA
| | - S Lee
- University of California, Irvine, USA
| | | | - S Nougaret
- Montpellier Cancer Institute, U1194, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - R M Paspulati
- University Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - V Paroder
- Memorial Sloan Kettering, New York, USA
| | - H Shaish
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - D H Kim
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, University of Wisconsin, E3/311 Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53792-3252, USA.
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Hofstaedter C, Chandler C, Kim P, Gillespie J, Rasko D, Harro J, Ernst R. 413: Coordinated lipid A 2-hydroxylation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by evolutionarily distinct acyltransferase-dioxygenase enzyme pairs. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01837-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hofstaedter C, Rasko D, Harro J, Ernst R. 427: Investigating the role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipid A deacylase PagL in cystic fibrosis airway infection. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01851-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Van Kolen K, Malia TJ, Theunis C, Nanjunda R, Teplyakov A, Ernst R, Wu SJ, Luo J, Borgers M, Vandermeeren M, Bottelbergs A, Wintmolders C, Lacy E, Maurin H, Larsen P, Willems R, Van De Casteele T, Triana-Baltzer G, Slemmon R, Galpern W, Trojanowski JQ, Sun H, Mercken MH. Discovery and Functional Characterization of hPT3, a Humanized Anti-Phospho Tau Selective Monoclonal Antibody. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 77:1397-1416. [PMID: 32894244 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a consequence of the discovery of an extracellular component responsible for the progression of tau pathology, tau immunotherapy is being extensively explored in both preclinical and clinical studies as a disease modifying strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. OBJECTIVE Describe the characteristics of the anti-phospho (T212/T217) tau selective antibody PT3 and its humanized variant hPT3. METHODS By performing different immunization campaigns, a large collection of antibodies has been generated and prioritized. In depth, in vitro characterization using surface plasmon resonance, phospho-epitope mapping, and X-ray crystallography experiments were performed. Further characterization involved immunohistochemical staining on mouse- and human postmortem tissue and neutralization of tau seeding by immunodepletion assays. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Various in vitro experiments demonstrated a high intrinsic affinity for PT3 and hPT3 for AD brain-derived paired helical filaments but also to non-aggregated phospho (T212/T217) tau. Further functional analyses in cellular and in vivo models of tau seeding demonstrated almost complete depletion of tau seeds in an AD brain homogenate. Ongoing trials will provide the clinical evaluation of the tau spreading hypothesis in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Van Kolen
- Neuroscience Department, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Thomas J Malia
- Biologics Research, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Clara Theunis
- Neuroscience Department, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Rupesh Nanjunda
- Biologics Research, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Alexey Teplyakov
- Biologics Research, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Robin Ernst
- Biologics Research, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Sheng-Jiun Wu
- Biologics Research, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Jinquan Luo
- Biologics Research, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Marianne Borgers
- Neuroscience Department, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Marc Vandermeeren
- Neuroscience Department, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Astrid Bottelbergs
- Neuroscience Department, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Cindy Wintmolders
- Neuroscience Department, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Eilyn Lacy
- Biologics Research, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Hervé Maurin
- Neuroscience Department, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Peter Larsen
- Neuroscience Department, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Roland Willems
- Neuroscience Department, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Tom Van De Casteele
- Translational Medicine and Early Development Statistics Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Randy Slemmon
- Neuroscience biomarkers, Janssen Research & Development, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wendy Galpern
- Neuroscience Experimental medicine, Janssen Research & Development, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | | | - Hong Sun
- Neuroscience Clinical Development, Janssen Research & Development, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Marc H Mercken
- Neuroscience Department, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
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Holland CV, Kehoe J, Hailey J, Nanjunda R, Lacy E, Ernst R, Zhang D, Wu S, Teplyakov A, Li W, Kinder M, Thompson EW, Wilkinson P, Wong J, Chu G, Okonkwo L, Alvarez JD, Nguyen A, Grewal IS, Chatterjee-Kishore M, Salvati M, Gottardis M. Abstract 3813: Development of JNJ-64164711, a low fucose anti-GITR antibody for enhanced depletion of tumor regulatory T cells (Tregs). Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-3813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Checkpoint blockade of PD-1/PDL-1 or CTLA-4 has demonstrated clinical benefit in a subset of cancer patients (pts). To further improve the outcome, approaches to deplete immunosuppressive Tregs are being developed. Emerging evidence supports that the TNF receptor superfamily member 18 (TNFRSF18 or GITR) is highly expressed on intratumoral (i.t.) Tregs with limited expression on effector T cells or circulating immune cells (1,2). This differential expression allows for development of monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies that eliminate this population while sparing other immune subsets. Herein we characterize JNJ-64164711 (JNJ-711), a fully human anti-GITR mAb being developed to selectively deplete GITR+ Tregs and expand the population of pts that may respond to immunotherapy.
Methods: Treg frequency and GITR expression on human cancer specimens was performed by IHC and multicolor flow cytometric analysis (FC). JNJ-711 was assessed for binding to GITR (human and cyno) and human Fcγ receptors, and inhibition of hGITRL binding to hGITR. The JNJ-711 binding epitope was mapped by hydrogen-deuterium exchange. JNJ-711 functional activity was determined by 1) an NF-kB reporter assay, 2) antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) on GITR+ cell lines, and 3) JNJ-711 mediated Treg depletion in primary pts tumor samples.
Results: GITR expression prevalence was evaluated by IHC in multiple solid tumors. Immune cell GITR expression was observed in head and neck (HN), esophageal (ESO), non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), colorectal (CRC) and prostate cancers. GITR was moderately expressed on HN and ESO tumor cells. GITR expression (by FC) was higher on tumor Tregs versus other T cell populations in the tumor and periphery across NSCLC, CRC, ovarian and renal cell carcinoma samples. GITR was differentially higher on i.t. effector Tregs (eTreg) whereas CCR4 was highest on CD4+ T cells in circulation. JNJ-711 binds to hGITR on cells with high affinity [KD= 180 pM], has a log greater affinity to FcγRIIIa [KD= 37 nM on 158V; KD= 180 nM on 158F], a slower dissociation rate than most GITR agonist (Ag) mAb tested [Koff= 5.47 x 10-4 s-1 for Fab], and binds to the CRD1 of GITR. Unlike other GITR Ag mAbs tested, JNJ-711 does not block GITR interaction with GITRL. JNJ-711 demonstrates higher ADCC mediated cell depletion than other GITR Ag mAbs in clinical development on 1) GITR+ hematologic tumor cell lines (HuT102, KMS-12-BM, RPMI 8226, JJN-3), 2) primary activated GITR+ T cells, and 3) in vitro expanded Tregs. Using dissociated primary pts samples, JNJ-711 selectively depleted i.t. eTregs.
Conclusion: JNJ-64164711 selectively depletes hGITR+ cells including Tregs and has potential to enhance antitumor immune response. This antibody is being evaluated for clinical development.
References:
1. Asma et al. Tumor Biol 2015;36:3727-34.
2. Pedroza-Gonzalez et al. OncoImmunology 2015;4:12, e1051297.
Citation Format: Cam V. Holland, John Kehoe, Judith Hailey, Rupesh Nanjunda, Eilyn Lacy, Robin Ernst, Di Zhang, Sam Wu, Alexey Teplyakov, Weimin Li, Michelle Kinder, Edward W. Thompson, Patrick Wilkinson, Jackson Wong, Gerald Chu, Linda Okonkwo, John D. Alvarez, Anhco Nguyen, Iqbal S. Grewal, Moitreyee Chatterjee-Kishore, Mark Salvati, Marco Gottardis. Development of JNJ-64164711, a low fucose anti-GITR antibody for enhanced depletion of tumor regulatory T cells (Tregs) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3813.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Kehoe
- 1Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA
| | | | | | - Eilyn Lacy
- 1Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA
| | - Robin Ernst
- 1Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA
| | - Di Zhang
- 1Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA
| | - Sam Wu
- 1Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA
| | | | - Weimin Li
- 1Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA
| | | | | | | | - Jackson Wong
- 1Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA
| | - Gerald Chu
- 1Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA
| | - Linda Okonkwo
- 1Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA
| | | | - Anhco Nguyen
- 1Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA
| | | | | | - Mark Salvati
- 1Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA
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Tam SH, McCarthy SG, Armstrong AA, Somani S, Wu SJ, Liu X, Gervais A, Ernst R, Saro D, Decker R, Luo J, Gilliland GL, Chiu ML, Scallon BJ. Functional, Biophysical, and Structural Characterization of Human IgG1 and IgG4 Fc Variants with Ablated Immune Functionality. Antibodies (Basel) 2017; 6:E12. [PMID: 31548527 PMCID: PMC6698826 DOI: 10.3390/antib6030012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineering of fragment crystallizable (Fc) domains of therapeutic immunoglobulin (IgG) antibodies to eliminate their immune effector functions while retaining other Fc characteristics has numerous applications, including blocking antigens on Fc gamma (Fcγ) receptor-expressing immune cells. We previously reported on a human IgG2 variant termed IgG2σ with barely detectable activity in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, phagocytosis, complement activity, and Fcγ receptor binding assays. Here, we extend that work to IgG1 and IgG4 antibodies, alternative subtypes which may offer advantages over IgG2 antibodies. In several in vitro and in vivo assays, the IgG1σ and IgG4σ variants showed equal or even lower Fc-related activities than the corresponding IgG2σ variant. In particular, IgG1σ and IgG4σ variants demonstrate complete lack of effector function as measured by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis, and in vivo T-cell activation. The IgG1σ and IgG4σ variants showed acceptable solubility and stability, and typical human IgG1 pharmacokinetic profiles in human FcRn-transgenic mice and cynomolgus monkeys. In silico T-cell epitope analyses predict a lack of immunogenicity in humans. Finally, crystal structures and simulations of the IgG1σ and IgG4σ Fc domains can explain the lack of Fc-mediated immune functions. These variants show promise for use in those therapeutic antibodies and Fc fusions for which the Fc domain should be immunologically "silent".
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan H Tam
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Ambler, PA 19477, USA.
| | - Stephen G McCarthy
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Ambler, PA 19477, USA.
| | - Anthony A Armstrong
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Ambler, PA 19477, USA.
| | - Sandeep Somani
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Ambler, PA 19477, USA.
| | - Sheng-Jiun Wu
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Ambler, PA 19477, USA.
| | - Xuesong Liu
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Ambler, PA 19477, USA.
| | - Alexis Gervais
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Ambler, PA 19477, USA.
| | - Robin Ernst
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Ambler, PA 19477, USA.
| | - Dorina Saro
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Ambler, PA 19477, USA.
| | - Rose Decker
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Ambler, PA 19477, USA.
| | - Jinquan Luo
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Ambler, PA 19477, USA.
| | - Gary L Gilliland
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Ambler, PA 19477, USA.
| | - Mark L Chiu
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Ambler, PA 19477, USA.
| | - Bernard J Scallon
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Ambler, PA 19477, USA.
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Malia TJ, Teplyakov A, Ernst R, Wu SJ, Lacy ER, Liu X, Vandermeeren M, Mercken M, Luo J, Sweet RW, Gilliland GL. Epitope mapping and structural basis for the recognition of phosphorylated tau by the anti-tau antibody AT8. Proteins 2016; 84:427-34. [PMID: 26800003 PMCID: PMC5067699 DOI: 10.1002/prot.24988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule‐associated protein tau becomes abnormally phosphorylated in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies and forms aggregates of paired helical filaments (PHF‐tau). AT8 is a PHF‐tau‐specific monoclonal antibody that is a commonly used marker of neuropathology because of its recognition of abnormally phosphorylated tau. Previous reports described the AT8 epitope to include pS202/pT205. Our studies support and extend previous findings by also identifying pS208 as part of the binding epitope. We characterized the phosphoepitope of AT8 through both peptide binding studies and costructures with phosphopeptides. From the cocrystal structure of AT8 Fab with the diphosphorylated (pS202/pT205) peptide, it appeared that an additional phosphorylation at S208 would also be accommodated by AT8. Phosphopeptide binding studies showed that AT8 bound to the triply phosphorylated tau peptide (pS202/pT205/pS208) 30‐fold stronger than to the pS202/pT205 peptide, supporting the role of pS208 in AT8 recognition. We also show that the binding kinetics of the triply phosphorylated peptide pS202/pT205/pS208 was remarkably similar to that of PHF‐tau. The costructure of AT8 Fab with a pS202/pT205/pS208 peptide shows that the interaction interface involves all six CDRs and tau residues 202–209. All three phosphorylation sites are recognized by AT8, with pT205 acting as the anchor. Crystallization of the Fab/peptide complex under acidic conditions shows that CDR‐L2 is prone to unfolding and precludes peptide binding, and may suggest a general instability in the antibody. Proteins 2016; 84:427–434. © 2016 The Authors. Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Malia
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania, 19477
| | - Alexey Teplyakov
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania, 19477
| | - Robin Ernst
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania, 19477
| | - Sheng-Jiun Wu
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania, 19477
| | - Eilyn R Lacy
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania, 19477
| | - Xuesong Liu
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania, 19477
| | - Marc Vandermeeren
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania, 19477
| | - Marc Mercken
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania, 19477
| | - Jinquan Luo
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania, 19477
| | - Raymond W Sweet
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania, 19477
| | - Gary L Gilliland
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania, 19477
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Ernst R, Zwimpfer F, Dual J. One sensor acoustic emission localization in plates. Ultrasonics 2016; 64:139-150. [PMID: 26372509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic emissions are elastic waves accompanying damage processes and are therefore used for monitoring the health state of structures. Most of the traditional acoustic emission techniques use a trilateration approach requiring at least three sensors on a 2D domain in order to localize sources of acoustic emission events. In this paper, we present a new approach which requires only a single sensor to identify and localize the source of acoustic emissions in a finite plate. The method proposed makes use of the time reversal principle and the dispersive nature of the flexural wave mode in a suitable frequency band. The signal shape of the transverse velocity response contains information about the propagated paths of the incoming elastic waves. This information is made accessible by a numerical time reversal simulation. The effect of dispersion is reversed and the original shape of the flexural wave is restored at the origin of the acoustic emission. The time reversal process is analyzed first for an infinite Mindlin plate, then by a 3D FEM simulation which in combination results in a novel acoustic emission localization process. The process is experimentally verified for different aluminum plates for artificially generated acoustic emissions (Hsu-Nielsen source). Good and reliable localization was achieved for a homogeneous quadratic aluminum plate with only one measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ernst
- Institute of Mechanical Systems, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - F Zwimpfer
- Institute of Mechanical Systems, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Dual
- Institute of Mechanical Systems, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
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Ernst R, Morici E, Estelrich H, Muiño W, Ruiz MA. Efecto de la quema controlada sobre el banco de semillas de gramíneas en diferentes parches del bosque de caldén en la región semiárida central Argentina. ARCH ZOOTEC 2015. [DOI: 10.21071/az.v64i247.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
El banco de semillas del suelo es la principal reserva de propágulos con que cuenta una comunidad vegetal para su mantenimiento, regeneración y perpetuación. Las quemas controladas pueden producir cambios en su composición y distribución. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar y comparar el comportamiento del banco de semillas germinable de gramíneas en una región del caldenal antes y después de producida una quema controlada. Se delimitaron 5 parches de vegetación dominados por gramíneas de porte bajo (parches forrajeros), 5 parches dominados por gramíneas de porte intermedio (parches no forrajeros) y otros 5 por arbustos (parches arbustivos). A su vez mediante muestreos al azar se tomaron 5 muestras de suelo por parche, las que fueron extraídas por medio de un cilindro metálico de 7 cm de diámetro y 4 cm de profundidad, permitiendo dividir a la muestra en estratos: broza, 0-2 y 2-4 cm de profundidad. Los estratos se colocaron en bandejas de plástico sobre una cama de siembra esterilizada y se regaron periódicamente en invernáculo. Una vez germinadas las semillas se identificaron, contabilizaron y extrajeron las plántulas, reconociéndose para todas las profundidades 8 gramíneas. Luego de la quema Piptochaetium napostaense mostró un aumento en su germinación en 0-2 cm en los parches forrajeros y no forrajeros (P
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Ernst R, Dual J. Acoustic emission localization in beams based on time reversed dispersion. Ultrasonics 2014; 54:1522-1533. [PMID: 24794505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The common approach for the localization of acoustic emission sources in beams requires at least two measurements at different positions on the structure. The acoustic emission event is then located by evaluating the difference of the arrival times of the elastic waves. Here a new method is introduced, which allows the detection and localization of multiple acoustic emission sources with only a single, one point, unidirectional measurement. The method makes use of the time reversal principle and the dispersive behavior of the flexural wave mode. Whereas time-of-arrival (TOA) methods struggle with the distortion of elastic waves due to phase dispersion, the method presented uses the dispersive behavior of guided waves to locate the origin of the acoustic emission event. Therefore, the localization algorithm depends solely on the measured wave form and not on arrival time estimation. The method combines an acoustic emission experiment with a numerical simulation, in which the measured and time reversed displacement history is set as the boundary condition. In this paper, the method is described in detail and the feasibility is experimentally demonstrated by breaking pencil leads on aluminum beams and pultruded carbon fiber reinforced plastic beams according to ASTM E976 (Hsu-Nielsen source). It will be shown, that acoustic emissions are successfully localized even on anisotropic structures and in the case of geometrical complexities such as notches, which lead to reflections, and cross sectional changes, which affect the wave speed. The overall relative error in localizing the acoustic emission sources was found to be below 5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ernst
- Institute of Mechanical Systems, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - J Dual
- Institute of Mechanical Systems, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
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Spragg K, Letout S, Ernst R, Sneyd A, Fautrelle Y. Instabilities in electromagnetic quasilevitation. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2014; 89:053014. [PMID: 25353887 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.053014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigate free-surface instabilities occurring in various industrial processes involving liquid metal. Of particular interest is the behavior of the free surface of a pool of liquid metal when it is submitted to an alternating magnetic field. Experimentally, we study the effect of a vertical alternating medium-frequency magnetic field on an initially circular pool. We observe various types of behavior according to magnetic field amplitude, e.g., axisymmetric deformations, azimuthal mode structures, slow radial oscillation of the pool perimeter, and random rotation of the pool around its center. Drop rotation could be attributed to nonsymmetric shape deformations. The effect of oxidation leads to drastic changes in pool behavior. The experimental results are then compared to a linear stability analysis of the free surface of a circular liquid drop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk Spragg
- Department of Mathematics, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand and SIMAP/EPM Laboratory, Grenoble Polytechnic Institute, Grenoble, France
| | - Sebastien Letout
- SIMAP/EPM Laboratory, Grenoble Polytechnic Institute, Grenoble, France
| | - R Ernst
- SIMAP/EPM Laboratory, Grenoble Polytechnic Institute, Grenoble, France
| | - Alfred Sneyd
- Department of Mathematics, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Yves Fautrelle
- SIMAP/EPM Laboratory, Grenoble Polytechnic Institute, Grenoble, France
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Tennant S, Simon R, Wang J, Pasetti M, Ernst R, Lees A, Galen J, Levine M. Bivalent vaccine strategies for invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella infections. Int J Infect Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Chiu CS, Peekhaus N, Weber H, Adamski S, Murray EM, Zhang HZ, Zhao JZ, Ernst R, Lineberger J, Huang L, Hampton R, Arnold BA, Vitelli S, Hamuro L, Wang WR, Wei N, Dillon GM, Miao J, Alves SE, Glantschnig H, Wang F, Wilkinson HA. Increased Muscle Force Production and Bone Mineral Density in ActRIIB-Fc-Treated Mature Rodents. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 68:1181-92. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Naksena P, Prombhul S, Pelletier M, Ernst R, Tribuddharat C, Thaipisuttikul I. Determination of colistin resistance mechanism of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated in Siriraj Hospital, Thailand. Int J Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Zhang L, McCabe T, Condra JH, Ni YG, Peterson LB, Wang W, Strack AM, Wang F, Pandit S, Hammond H, Wood D, Lewis D, Rosa R, Mendoza V, Cumiskey AM, Johns DG, Hansen BC, Shen X, Geoghagen N, Jensen K, Zhu L, Wietecha K, Wisniewski D, Huang L, Zhao JZ, Ernst R, Hampton R, Haytko P, Ansbro F, Chilewski S, Chin J, Mitnaul LJ, Pellacani A, Sparrow CP, An Z, Strohl W, Hubbard B, Plump AS, Blom D, Sitlani A. An anti-PCSK9 antibody reduces LDL-cholesterol on top of a statin and suppresses hepatocyte SREBP-regulated genes. Int J Biol Sci 2012; 8:310-27. [PMID: 22355267 PMCID: PMC3282994 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.3524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a promising therapeutic target for treating coronary heart disease. We report a novel antibody 1B20 that binds to PCSK9 with sub-nanomolar affinity and antagonizes PCSK9 function in-vitro. In CETP/LDLR-hemi mice two successive doses of 1B20, administered 14 days apart at 3 or 10 mpk, induced dose dependent reductions in LDL-cholesterol (≥ 25% for 7-14 days) that correlated well with the extent of PCSK9 occupancy by the antibody. In addition, 1B20 induces increases in total plasma antibody-bound PCSK9 levels and decreases in liver mRNA levels of SREBP-regulated genes PCSK9 and LDLR, with a time course that parallels decreases in plasma LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C). Consistent with this observation in mice, in statin-responsive human primary hepatocytes, 1B20 lowers PCSK9 and LDLR mRNA levels and raises serum steady-state levels of antibody-bound PCSK9. In addition, mRNA levels of several SREBP regulated genes involved in cholesterol and fatty-acid synthesis including ACSS2, FDPS, IDI1, MVD, HMGCR, and CYP51A1 were decreased significantly with antibody treatment of primary human hepatocytes. In rhesus monkeys, subcutaneous (SC) dosing of 1B20 dose-dependently induces robust LDL-C lowering (maximal ~70%), which is correlated with increases in target engagement and total antibody-bound PCSK9 levels. Importantly, a combination of 1B20 and Simvastatin in dyslipidemic rhesus monkeys reduced LDL-C more than either agent alone, consistent with a mechanism of action that predicts additive effects of anti-PCSK9 agents with statins. Our results suggest that antibodies targeting PCSK9 could provide patients powerful LDL lowering efficacy on top of statins, and lower cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- Department of Atherosclerosis, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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Schoof H, Ernst R, Mayer KFX. The PlaNet Consortium: a network of European plant databases connecting plant genome data in an integrated biological knowledge resource. Comp Funct Genomics 2011; 5:184-9. [PMID: 18629059 PMCID: PMC2447343 DOI: 10.1002/cfg.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2003] [Accepted: 11/24/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The completion of the Arabidopsis genome and the large collections of other plant
sequences generated in recent years have sparked extensive functional genomics
efforts. However, the utilization of this data is inefficient, as data sources are
distributed and heterogeneous and efforts at data integration are lagging behind.
PlaNet aims to overcome the limitations of individual efforts as well as the
limitations of heterogeneous, independent data collections. PlaNet is a distributed
effort among European bioinformatics groups and plant molecular biologists to
establish a comprehensive integrated database in a collaborative network. Objectives
are the implementation of infrastructure and data sources to capture plant genomic
information into a comprehensive, integrated platform. This will facilitate the
systematic exploration of Arabidopsis and other plants. New methods for data
exchange, database integration and access are being developed to create a highly
integrated, federated data resource for research. The connection between the
individual resources is realized with BioMOBY. BioMOBY provides an architecture
for the discovery and distribution of biological data through web services. While
knowledge is centralized, data is maintained at its primary source without a need for
warehousing. To standardize nomenclature and data representation, ontologies and
generic data models are defined in interaction with the relevant communities.Minimal
data models should make it simple to allow broad integration, while inheritance allows
detail and depth to be added to more complex data objects without losing integration.
To allow expert annotation and keep databases curated, local and remote annotation
interfaces are provided. Easy and direct access to all data is key to the project.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Schoof
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Genome-oriented Bioinformatics, Center of Life and Food Science, Freising-Weihenstephan D-85350, Germany.
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Schmollinger M, Ernst R. Generalversammlung von Rehabilitation International und 9. Europäische Regionalkonferenz für Rehabilitation vom 8. bis 10. November 2010 in Kopenhagen, Dänemark. REHABILITATION 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1273709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ebert T, Smith S, Pancari G, Clark D, Hampton R, Secore S, Towne V, Fan H, Wang XM, Wu X, Ernst R, Harvey BR, Finnefrock AC, Wang F, Tan C, Durr E, Cope L, Anderson A, An Z, McNeely T. A fully human monoclonal antibody to Staphylococcus aureus iron regulated surface determinant B (IsdB) with functional activity in vitro and in vivo. Hum Antibodies 2011; 19:113-28. [PMID: 21178283 DOI: 10.3233/hab-2010-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A fully human monoclonal antibody (CS-D7, IgG1) specific for the iron regulated surface determinant B (IsdB) of Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from the Cambridge Antibody Technology (CAT) scFv antibody library. As compared to previously described IsdB specific murine monoclonals, CS-D7 has a unique, non-overlapping binding site on IsdB, and exhibits increased in vivo activity. The antibody recognizes a conformational epitope spanning amino acids 50 to 285 and has a binding affinity of 340 (± 75) pM for IsdB. CS-D7 bound to a wide variety of S. aureus strains, but not to an isdB deletion mutant. The antibody mediated opsonophagocytic (OP) killing in vitro and mediated significant protection in vivo. In a murine lethal sepsis model, the antibody conferred protection from death when dosed prior to challenge, but not when dosed after challenge. Importantly, in a central venous catheter (CVC) model in rats, the antibody reduced bacteremia and prevented colonization of indwelling catheters. Protection was observed when rats were dosed with CS-D7 prior to challenge as well as post challenge. IsdB is currently being investigated for clinical efficacy against S. aureus infection, and the activity of this human IsdB specific antibody supplements the growing body of evidence to support targeting this antigen for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Ebert
- Merck Research Labs, Merck and Co. Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
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Gerber T, Mück R, Outrata J, Kistner H, Ernst R, Heidemann E. Zystischer Magentumor mit Verkalkungen. Internist (Berl) 2011; 52:205-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00108-010-2655-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Glantschnig H, Hampton RA, Lu P, Zhao JZ, Vitelli S, Huang L, Haytko P, Cusick T, Ireland C, Jarantow SW, Ernst R, Wei N, Nantermet P, Scott KR, Fisher JE, Talamo F, Orsatti L, Reszka AA, Sandhu P, Kimmel D, Flores O, Strohl W, An Z, Wang F. Generation and selection of novel fully human monoclonal antibodies that neutralize Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) inhibitory function in vitro and increase bone mass in vivo. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:40135-47. [PMID: 20929859 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.166892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/LRP5 signaling is a central regulatory component of bone formative and resorptive activities, and the pathway inhibitor DKK1 is a suppressor of bone formation and bone mass accrual in mice. In addition, augmented DKK1 levels are associated with high bone turnover in diverse low bone mass states in rodent models and disease etiologies in human. However, examination of the precise role of DKK1 in the normal skeleton and in higher species requires the development of refined DKK1-specific pharmacological tools. Here, we report the strategy resulting in isolation of a panel of fully human anti-DKK1 antibodies applicable to studies interrogating the roles of mouse, rhesus, and human DKK1. Selected anti-DKK1 antibodies bind primate and human DKK-1 with picomolar affinities yet do not appreciably bind to DKK2 or DKK4. Epitopes mapped within the DKK1 C-terminal domain necessary for interaction with LRP5/6 and consequently effectively neutralized DKK1 function in vitro. When introduced into naïve normal growing female mice, IgGs significantly improved trabecular bone volume and structure and increased both trabecular and cortical bone mineral densities in a dose-related fashion. Furthermore, fully human DKK1-IgG displayed favorable pharmacokinetic parameters in non-human primates. In summary, we demonstrate here a rate-limiting function of physiologic DKK1 levels in the regulation of bone mass in intact female mice, amendable to specific pharmacologic neutralization by newly identified DKK1-IgGs. Importantly the fully human IgGs display a profile of attributes that recommends their testing in higher species and their use in evaluating DKK1 function in relevant disease models.
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Ernst R, Schmollinger M. [Rehabilitation International Assembly and International Conference of the RI Arab region held Nov. 2009 in Dubai]. REHABILITATION 2010; 49:190-2. [PMID: 20533149 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1249100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Ernst
- Bundesarbeitsgemeinschaft für Rehabilitation, Frankfurt am Main.
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Islam MS, Sharker MAY, Rheman S, Hossain S, Mahmud ZH, Islam MS, Uddin AMK, Yunus M, Osman MS, Ernst R, Rector I, Larson CP, Luby SP, Endtz HP, Cravioto A. Effects of local climate variability on transmission dynamics of cholera in Matlab, Bangladesh. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2009; 103:1165-70. [PMID: 19477477 DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Revised: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholera is considered as a model for climate-related infectious diseases. In Bangladesh, cholera epidemics occur during summer and winter seasons, but it is not known how climate variability influences the seasonality of cholera. Therefore, the variability pattern of cholera events was studied in relation to the variation in local climate variables in Matlab, Bangladesh. Classification and regression tree (CART) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to study the dependency and variability pattern of monthly total cholera cases. An average temperature <23.25 degrees C corresponded to the lowest average cholera occurrence (23 cases/month). At a temperature of >or=23.25 degrees C and sunshine <4.13h/day, the cholera occurrence was 39 cases/month. With increased sunshine (>or=4.13h/day) and temperature (23.25-28.66 degrees C), the second highest cholera occurrence (44 cases/month) was observed. When the sunshine was >or=4.13h/day and the temperature was >28.66 degrees C, the highest cholera occurrence (54 cases/month) was observed. These results demonstrate that in summer and winter seasons in Bangladesh, temperature and sunshine hours compensate each other for higher cholera incidence. The synergistic effect of temperature and sunshine hours provided the highest number of cholera cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Islam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
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Schmücker A, Ernst R, Groh B. Design of Explosion-Hazardous Areas for Gas Pressure-Regulating (GPR) Stations. Chem Eng Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200800529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Oto A, Ernst R, Ghulmiyyah L, Hughes D, Saade G, Chaljub G. The role of MR cholangiopancreatography in the evaluation of pregnant patients with acute pancreaticobiliary disease. Br J Radiol 2008; 82:279-85. [PMID: 19029218 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/88591536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the usefulness of MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in the evaluation of pregnant patients with acute pancreaticobiliary disease and its additional value over ultrasound. MRI studies of pregnant patients who were referred because of acute pancreaticobiliary disease were included. MR images and patient charts were reviewed retrospectively to determine clinical outcome and the results of other imaging studies. 18 pregnant patients underwent MRCP because of right upper quadrant pain (n = 6), pancreatitis (n = 9), cholangitis (n = 1) or jaundice (n = 2). 15 patients were also evaluated with ultrasound. Biliary dilatation was detected in eight patients by ultrasound, but the cause of biliary dilatation could not be determined by ultrasound in seven patients. MRCP demonstrated the aetiology in four of these patients (choledocholithiasis (n = 1), Mirizzi syndrome (n = 1), choledochal cyst (n = 1) and intrahepatic biliary stones (n = 1)) and excluded obstructive pathology in the other four patients. MRCP was unremarkable in the seven patients who had no biliary dilatation on ultrasound. Three patients underwent only MRCP; two had choledocholithiasis and one cholelithiasis and pancreatitis. Choledocholithiasis diagnosed with MRCP (n = 3) was confirmed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Mirizzi syndrome (n = 1) and a choledochal cyst (n = 1) were confirmed by surgery. The patients with normal MRCP (n = 12) and one patient with intrahepatic stones improved with medical treatment. MRCP appears to be a valuable and safe technique for the evaluation of pregnant patients with acute pancreaticobiliary disease. Especially when ultrasound shows biliary dilatation, MRCP can determine the aetiology and save the patient from unnecessary endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography by excluding a biliary pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Oto
- Department of Radiology, University Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA.
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Ernst R, Stamm OA, Zollinger HH. Kinetischer Isotopeneffekt und Isomerenverhältnis bei der Kupplung von deuterierter 1-Naphtol-3-sulfosäure. 15. Mitteilung zur Kenntnis der Kupplungsreaktion. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19580410739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ernst R, Luft G. Simultane Ad- und Desorption von Chlorwasserstoff und Schwefeldioxid an mit Magnesiumoxid imprägniertem Aktivkoks. CHEM-ING-TECH 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200403331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Garman ME, Blumberg MA, Ernst R, Raimer SS. Familial leiomyomatosis: a review and discussion of pathogenesis. Dermatology 2004; 207:210-3. [PMID: 12920381 DOI: 10.1159/000071802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2002] [Accepted: 12/19/2002] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple cutaneous leiomyomas of pilar origin have long been recognized to have an autosomal dominant inheritance. While the skin tumors are relatively uncommon and benign, women of affected families often develop uterine fibroids with associated infertility, pain and bleeding. In addition, a subset of these families harbors a predisposition to papillary renal cell carcinoma. Germline mutations in a recently identified classical tumor suppressor gene encoding fumarate hydratase are observed in these individuals. Appropriate screening measures for associated disorders are mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Garman
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex., USA
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Abstract
The temporal properties of a variety of behavioral traits obey power law distributions, a property often referred to as fractal. We recently showed that the temporal pattern of locomotor activity of the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster follows this distribution. Although an increasing number of such fractal patterns are being discovered, the brain areas and neuronal networks responsible remain unknown. In this study, we show that specifically blocking synapses established by neurons of the Drosophila ellipsoid-body, a substructure of the central complex in the brain, leads to a loss of the fractal properties in the temporal pattern. We conclude that the temporal fractal pattern of locomotor activity is regulated in the ellipsoid-body.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Martin
- Bases Neurales du Mouvement chez la Drosophile, NAMC, CNRS, UMR-8620 Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France.
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Abstract
To understand the significance of elaborate nest architecture for the control of nest climate, we investigated the mechanisms governing nest ventilation in a large field nest of Atta vollenweideri. Surface wind, drawing air from the central tunnels of the nest mound, was observed to be the main driving force for nest ventilation during summer. This mechanism of wind-induced ventilation has so far not been described for social insect colonies. Thermal convection, another possible force driving ventilation, contributed very little. According to their predominant airflow direction, two functionally distinct tunnel groups were identified: outflow tunnels in the upper, central region, and inflow tunnels in the lower, peripheral region of the nest mound. The function of the tunnels was independent of wind direction. Outflow of air through the central tunnels was followed by a delayed inflow through the peripheral tunnels. Leaf-cutting ants design the tunnel openings on the top of the nest with turrets which may reinforce wind-induced nest ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kleineidam
- Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Ernst R, Carpenter W, Torres W, Wheeler S. Combining speech recognition software with Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) workstation software on a Microsoft Windows platform. J Digit Imaging 2001; 14:182-3. [PMID: 11442089 PMCID: PMC3452675 DOI: 10.1007/bf03190331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This presentation describes our experience in combining speech recognition software, clinical review software, and other software products on a single computer. Different processor speeds, random access memory (RAM), and computer costs were evaluated. We found that combining continuous speech recognition software with Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) workstation software on the same platform is feasible and can lead to substantial savings of hardware cost. This combination optimizes use of limited workspace and can improve radiology workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ernst
- Department of Radiology, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Ernst R, Pancioli A, Tomsick T, Kissela B, Woo D, Kanter D, Jauch E, Carrozzella J, Spilker J, Broderick J. Combined intravenous and intra-arterial recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2000; 31:2552-7. [PMID: 11062274 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.31.11.2552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A retrospective analysis was performed on 20 consecutive patients who presented with severe acute ischemic stroke and were evaluated for a combined intravenous (IV) and local intra-arterial (IA) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) thrombolytic approach within 3 hours of onset. METHODS Twenty consecutive patients with carotid artery distribution strokes were evaluated and treated using a combined IV and IA rtPA approach over a 14-month period (September 1998 to October 1999). rtPA (0.6 mg/kg) was given intravenously (maximum dose 60 mg); 15% of the IV dose was given as bolus, followed by a continuous infusion over 30 minutes. A maximal IA dose, up to 0.3 mg/kg or 24 mg, whichever was less, was given over a maximum of 2 hours. IV treatment was initiated within 3 hours in 19 of 20 patients. All 20 patients underwent angiography, and 16 of 20 patients received local IA rtPA. RESULTS The median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score for the 20 patients was 21 (range 11 to 31). The median time from stroke onset to IV treatment was 2 hours and 2 minutes, and median time to initiation of IA treatment was 3 hours and 30 minutes. Ten patients (50%) recovered to a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 0 or 1; 3 patients (15%), to an mRS of 2; and 5 patients (25%), to an mRS of 4 or 5. One patient (5%) developed a symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage and eventually died. One other patient (5%) expired because of complications from the stroke. CONCLUSIONS We believe that the greater-than-expected proportion of favorable outcomes in these patients with severe ischemic stroke reflects the short time to initiation of both IV and IA thrombolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ernst
- Department of Radiology, Section of Neuroradiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Marcy M, Takata G, Chan LS, Shekelle P, Mason W, Wachsman L, Ernst R, Hay JW, Corley PM, Morphew T, Ramicone E, Nicholson C. Management of acute otitis media. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Summ) 2000:1-4. [PMID: 10932957 PMCID: PMC4781228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Kretzschmar D, Poeck B, Roth H, Ernst R, Keller A, Porsch M, Strauss R, Pflugfelder GO. Defective pigment granule biogenesis and aberrant behavior caused by mutations in the Drosophila AP-3beta adaptin gene ruby. Genetics 2000; 155:213-23. [PMID: 10790396 PMCID: PMC1461058 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/155.1.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal protein trafficking is a fundamental process conserved from yeast to humans. This conservation extends to lysosome-like organelles such as mammalian melanosomes and insect eye pigment granules. Recently, eye and coat color mutations in mouse (mocha and pearl) and Drosophila (garnet and carmine) were shown to affect subunits of the heterotetrameric adaptor protein complex AP-3 involved in vesicle trafficking. Here we demonstrate that the Drosophila eye color mutant ruby is defective in the AP-3beta subunit gene. ruby expression was found in retinal pigment and photoreceptor cells and in the developing central nervous system. ruby mutations lead to a decreased number and altered size of pigment granules in various cell types in and adjacent to the retina. Humans with lesions in the related AP-3betaA gene suffer from Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, which is caused by defects in a number of lysosome-related organelles. Hermansky-Pudlak patients have a reduced skin pigmentation and suffer from internal bleeding, pulmonary fibrosis, and visual system malfunction. The Drosophila AP-3beta adaptin also appears to be involved in processes other than eye pigment granule biogenesis because all ruby allele combinations tested exhibited defective behavior in a visual fixation paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kretzschmar
- Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Theodor-Boveri-Institut, Biozentrum, Universität Würzburg, D 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Semsch-Poppe B, Weinand B, Ernst R, von Mittelstaedt G. [An instrument for evaluating the psychiatric personnel regulation]. Gesundheitswesen 2000; 62:172-5. [PMID: 10815345 DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-10483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Since 1991, the Psychiatrie-Personalverordnung (Psych-PV) regulates the allocation of personnel in German psychiatric hospitals and psychiatric wards. Psych-PV defines the personnel's diagnostic and therapeutic tasks based on an illness severity scale. A group of experts from the Medical Advisory Services of Social Security--Health Insurance (MDK) has developed a questionnaire as an instrument to systematically gather, from a given hospital, structural data relevant for application of Psych-PV. The questionnaire consists of two parts, relating to the hospital and to the individual wards. The hospital supplies information such as statutory catchment area, types of care offered, capacity, personnel, organisational structure, patients' diagnoses, and co-operation with complementary institutions. The section pertaining to individual wards collects data on admission and discharge, duration of treatment, re-admissions, and internal transfer. The distribution of the severity of patients' illnesses within individual wards, which has been defined in the budget, is the basis for a review of the actual number of staff as well as of the realization of basic tasks of diagnostics and treatment. Questions pertaining to treatment concepts in individual wards are aimed to ascertain the degree of agreement with the conceptual goals of Psych-PV. The methods of treatment offered in a given ward can be gleaned from its weekly organisation-plan. Indications for the realization of basic tasks of diagnostics and treatment can be derived from the information supplied by each personnel group of a ward with regard to specific tasks of individual and group treatment. The questionnaire developed by the MDK in Hessen allows to review the extent to which the allocation of staff according to Psych-PV on the level of the individual ward translates into appropriate treatment options. The questionnaire also offers a basis for a comparison of hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Semsch-Poppe
- Medizinischer Dienst der Krankenversicherung in Hessen, Oberursel
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Ernst R, Speidel K, Kenn O, Nachum U, Gerber J, Maier-Komor P, Benczer-Koller N, Jakob G, Kumbartzki G, Zamick L, Nowacki F. Stringent tests of shell model calculations in fp shell nuclei (46, 48)Ti and (50,52)Cr from measurements of g factors and B(E2) values. Phys Rev Lett 2000; 84:416-419. [PMID: 11015927 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of magnetic moments and lifetimes of 2(+)(1) and 4(+)(1) states of (46,48)Ti and (50,52)Cr were performed with high accuracy via projectile Coulomb excitation and the technique of transient magnetic fields. The high quality of the data allows for the first time to establish stringent constraints on large scale shell model calculations. Whereas the global behavior of the data is well explained by full fp shell model calculations, distinct deviations in the g factors and B(E2) values of (46,48)Ti from theoretical predictions can be attributed to excitations of the 40Ca core. This suggestion is supported by recent Monte Carlo calculations which provide evidence that 48Ca is a better inert core.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ernst
- Institut fur Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Universitat Bonn, Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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Abstract
Pattern recognition is studied in flight orientation of fixed flying Drosophila melanogaster controlling the horizontal rotations of an arena. Earlier experiments had suggested a simple mechanism of pattern recognition in which a memory template and the actual image are retinotopically matched. In contrast, we now show that Drosophila extracts at least two and probably four pattern parameters: size, vertical position of the center of gravity and, presumably horizontal/vertical extent as well as vertical separatedness of pattern elements. Moreover, the fly treats isolated pattern elements as a compound figure. Retinal transfer is possible between training and test if the centers of gravity of the compound figures are retained.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ernst
- Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Biozentrum, Würzburg, Germany
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Abstract
Although screening flexible sigmoidoscopy is associated with a significant decrease in colorectal cancer mortality, less than 50% of eligible Americans have had a sigmoidoscopy. As the United States population ages, over 50 million Americans will be eligible for colorectal cancer screening with flexible sigmoidoscopy. The projected increase in a population eligible for screening is expected to increase demand for this procedure and may result in overwhelming currently available endoscopic resources. Gastroenterology nurses should actively seek training to perform flexible sigmoidoscopy to accommodate this increased demand. Current barriers to nurse-performed sigmoidoscopy are prohibitions by state Boards of Nursing and lack of procedural reimbursement for nurse endoscopists performing flexible sigmoidoscopy. The lack of research about the effectiveness of this practice is a contributing factor to the hindrances in the development of this nursing role. This review outlines research about the effectiveness of flexible sigmoidoscopy by nurses, legal and reimbursement issues, and details the scope of training programs used by institutions with nurse endoscopists.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schoenfeld
- Division of Gastroenterology, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20889, USA
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Ernst R, Bulas R, Tomsick T, van Loveren H, Aziz KA. Three cases of dural arteriovenous fistula of the anterior condylar vein within the hypoglossal canal. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1999; 20:2016-20. [PMID: 10588137 PMCID: PMC7657780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) of the anterior condylar vein are an uncommon but important subset of fistulas occurring at the skull base that can be confused with DAVFs of the marginal sinus on angiography. MR angiography source images can document the intraosseous extent and the relationship to the hypoglossal canal of this type of fistula, which can have significant clinical implications. We present the imaging features of angiography, CT, and MR angiography of three cases of DAVFs localized to the anterior condylar vein and within the hypoglossal canal, which were confirmed by source images from MR angiography. Transvenous coil embolization was curative in two of three cases and would seem to be the treatment of choice when venous access is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ernst
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, OH, USA
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Abstract
The world is permanently changing. Laboratory experiments on learning and memory normally minimize this feature of reality, keeping all conditions except the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli as constant as possible. In the real world, however, animals need to extract from the universe of sensory signals the actual predictors of salient events by separating them from non-predictive stimuli (context). In principle, this can be achieved if only those sensory inputs that resemble the reinforcer in their temporal structure are taken as predictors. Here we study visual learning in the fly Drosophila melanogaster, using a flight simulator, and show that memory retrieval is, indeed, partially context-independent. Moreover, we show that the mushroom bodies, which are required for olfactory but not visual or tactile learning, effectively support context generalization. In visual learning in Drosophila, it appears that a facilitating effect of context cues for memory retrieval is the default state, whereas making recall context-independent requires additional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Biozentrum, Würzburg, Germany
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Himathongkham S, Riemann H, Ernst R. Efficacy of disinfection of shell eggs externally contaminated with Salmonella enteritidis. Implications for egg testing. Int J Food Microbiol 1999; 49:161-7. [PMID: 10490226 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(99)00092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Experimental contamination of the surface of shell eggs by dipping in a culture of Salmonella enteritidis resulted in the presence of Salmonella enteritidis in/on the shells as well as shell membranes but not in the egg content. Disinfection with Lugol's solution, chlorhexidine, ethanol, quarternary ammonium solutions or flaming after dipping in ethanol failed to achieve complete decontamination of the shell and membranes with resulting false positives when eggs were broken for culturing of the content. Dipping eggs for three seconds in boiling water resulted in complete destruction of Salmonella enteritidis in shells and membranes but sometimes caused the eggs to crack. A method of aseptically opening eggs without risk of contaminating the content from the shell or membrane was developed. Salmonella enteritidis deposited in/on the shell and membranes did not multiply during storage of the eggs at 20 degrees C for four weeks, the counts seemed to decrease. No Salmonella enteritidis was detected in the contents of any contaminated eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Himathongkham
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, University of California, Davis 95616-8743, USA
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Hügel S, Neubauer S, Lie SZ, Ernst R, Horn M, Schmidt HH, Allolio B, Reincke M. Multiple mechanisms are involved in the acute vasodilatory effect of 17beta-estradiol in the isolated perfused rat heart. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1999; 33:852-8. [PMID: 10367587 DOI: 10.1097/00005344-199906000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to define the dose-dependent effects of 17beta-estradiol on coronary flow and cardiac function in isolated rat hearts and to identify the mechanisms involved in its vasodilator action. Hearts from female and male Wistar rats were perfused at constant pressure (100 mm Hg). Stereoisomer specificity and the mechanism of vasodilation by 17beta-estradiol were examined in female rat hearts. Function was measured by a left ventricular (LV) balloon and coronary flow (CF) with an ultrasonic flowmeter. 17Beta-estradiol at 10(-6), 5 x 10(-6), and 10(-5) M increased CF in female hearts by 5 +/- 2, 27 +/- 4 (p < 0.05 vs. baseline), and 40 +/- 4% (p < 0.05 vs. baseline), respectively. The effect of 17beta-estradiol in hearts from male rats was similar but less pronounced compared with females [deltaCF 8 +/- 3, 19 +/- 3 (p < 0.05 vs. baseline)] and 25 +/- 7% (p < 0.05 vs. baseline; p < 0.05 vs. female 17beta-estradiol). Maximum vasodilation by the stereoisomer 17alpha-estradiol was significantly smaller [deltaCF 5 +/- 3, 4 +/- 3 (p < 0.05 vs. female 17beta-estradiol) and 14 +/- 1% (p < 0.05 vs. baseline; p < 0.05 vs. female 17beta-estradiol)] for 10(-6), 5 x 10(-6), and 10(-5) M. Pretreatment with the NO-synthesis inhibitor Nomega-methyl-L-arginine (10(-4) M) had no effect on the maximal vasodilator response to 17beta-estradiol (10(-5) M) [deltaCF 36 +/- 6% (p < 0.05 vs. baseline)]. When hearts were pretreated with the prostaglandin-synthesis inhibitor diclofenac (10(-6) M), the maximal vasodilator effect of 17beta-estradiol was partially attenuated [deltaCF 12 +/- 7% (p < 0.05 vs. female 17beta-estradiol)]. Similarly, pretreatment with the K+ATP-blocker glibenclamide (10(-6) M) partially inhibited the maximal vasodilator effect of 17beta-estradiol [deltaCF 22 +/- 6% (p < 0.05 vs. baseline; p < 0.05 vs. female 17beta-estradiol)]. Pretreatment with the Ca2+ channel antagonist nifedipine (7.2 x 10(-8) M) completely blocked the vasodilator effect. In isolated perfused rat hearts, 17beta-estradiol induced marked acute coronary vasodilation; this effect is in part gender specific, and in female hearts, largely stereoisomer specific. The dilator effect is mediated predominantly by calcium channel blockade, but prostaglandin release and K+ATP channel activation also are involved. In the isolated perfused rat heart, NO production does not contribute to the acute vasodilator effect of 17beta-estradiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hügel
- Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Würzburg, Germany
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Ernst R. [A day at the intensive care unit]. Pflege Aktuell 1999; 53:352-4. [PMID: 10661266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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Lutzker S, Le V, Perez-Young I, Arribas E, Ernst R, Kawashima A, Sandler C. A desktop digital imaging and communications in medicine picture archiving and communications system with multiple monitors using Windows '98. J Digit Imaging 1999; 12:191. [PMID: 10342208 PMCID: PMC3452925 DOI: 10.1007/bf03168797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Combining DICOM software and internet access using desktops, an accessible and low-cost PACS system is conveniently available to the medical community.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lutzker
- Lyndon Baines Johnson General Hospital, Houston, TX 77026, USA
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Milch W, Ernst R, Laubach W. [Cooperation and job satisfaction in a nursing-physician team. An analysis of nursing evaluation in psychiatry]. Psychiatr Prax 1999; 26:122-7. [PMID: 10412708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Empirical studies of nursing in psychiatry rarely consider the collaboration between nurses and doctors. Which variables determine the quality of the cooperation between nurses and doctors? METHODS In 1992 and 1997, all nurses of a psychiatric hospital were interrogated by means of questionnaire (FAPP) in order to measure the quality of collaboration. RESULTS In spite of major changes in the hospital management and higher work-load assessment by the nurses concerning the collaboration with doctors and with other nurses, the quality of team-work and participating in treatment decisions, was more positive in 1997. Nurses with a "negative" collaboration with doctors, also have difficulties to collaborate with other nurses. This finding did not depend on gender, age or length of professional career. CONCLUSION All institutional provisions that improve the cooperation, the competence, the responsibility, and the ward-atmosphere, also ameliorate the cooperation with other occupational groups in the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Milch
- Klinik für Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Giessen
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Ernst R, Le VT, Kawashima A, Caskey C, Zelitt D, Tamm E, Sandler CM. A picture archiving and communications system featuring multiple monitors using Windows98. J Digit Imaging 1999; 12:106-8. [PMID: 10342182 PMCID: PMC3452922 DOI: 10.1007/bf03168771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an effective approach to manage, review, and distribute Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) images with multiple monitors using Windows98 (Microsoft Corp, Redmond, WA) that can be implemented in an office-based setting. Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and angiographic DICOM images were collected, compressed, and stored using Medweb (Medweb, Inc, San Francisco, CA) software. The Medweb server used the Linux/UNIX operating system on a Pentium 333-MHz processor with 128 MB of RAM. Short-term storage capacity was about 2 weeks with routine usage of an 11-GB hard drive. Images were presented for reading on a dual-monitor Windows98 Pentium display station with 160 MB of RAM using a Medweb/Netscape (Netscape Communications Corp, Mountain View, CA) viewer. There was no significant discrepancy in diagnosis between electronic and conventional film images. Mean reading time for 32 cases was 118 seconds. The Medweb JAVA plug-in viewer loaded the first image within 30 seconds of selecting the case for review. Full uncompressed 16-bit images allowed different window settings to better assess for pathology. Multiple monitors allowed viewing various hanging protocols. Cine viewing was also possible. Key diagnostic images were electronically transmitted to referring physicians. On-call radiologists were able to access images through the Internet. By combining Medweb, DICOM, and web-browser software using desktop personal computers (PCs), an easily accessible picture archiving and communications system (PACS) is available to radiologists and referring physicians. Multiple monitors are easily configured and managed using Windows98. This system can sustain changes and can be extended to provide variable functions using inexpensive PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ernst
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School 77026, USA
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Laubach W, Milch W, Ernst R. [Dimensions of work stress and job satisfaction in psychiatric-psychotherapeutic practice]. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 1999; 49:38-47. [PMID: 10098391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Empirical studies of nursing in psychiatry and psychosomatics rarely consider the dialectics between work load and positive aspects of social support. Resulting from theoretical considerations and practical experiences seven dimensions were defined that might influence overall job satisfactions and stress. To measure this, a questionnaire containing 53 items was developed. This instrument was answered by 134 nurses of a psychiatric hospital. The results show that factor analysis and item analysis only partly confirm the presumptions. The five empirical scales include "stress due to work conditions and patients", "collaboration in teamwork", "collaboration with physicians and therapists", "collaboration with superiors in nursing" and "responsibility, competence and decision-making". Theoretical dimensions and empirical scales are discussed. The high work stress caused by work conditions and difficult patients is compensated by a positive evaluation of the collaboration in the nursing-team with physicians and therapists as well as with superiors.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Laubach
- Selbständige Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie der Medizinischen Fakultät, Universität Leipzig
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Abstract
The temporal pattern of locomotor activity of single Drosophila melanogaster flies freely walking in small tubes is described. Locomotor activity monitored by a light gate has a characteristic time-course that depends upon age and the environmental conditions. Several methods are applied to assess the complexity of the temporal pattern. The pattern varies according to sex, genotype, age and environmental conditions (food; light). Activity occurs clustered in bouts. The intrinsic bout structure is quantified by four parameters: number of light gate passages (counts) per bout, duration of a bout, pause between two successive bouts and mean bout period. In addition, the distribution of the periods between light-gate crossings (inter-count intervals) as function of inter-count interval duration reveals a power law, suggesting that the overall distribution of episodes of activity and inactivity has a fractal structure. In the dark without food, the fractal dimension which represents a measure of the complexity of the pattern is sex, genotype and age specific. Fractality is abolished by additional sensory stimulation (food; light). We propose that time-course, bout structure and fractal dimension of the temporal pattern of locomotor activity describe different aspects of the fly's central pattern generator for locomotion and its motivational control.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Martin
- Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to deliver live and recorded lectures, with images, over the Internet using streaming media. CONCLUSION Streaming media are an emerging technology that can deliver live lectures over the Internet using standard PCs and modems. These lectures are also simultaneously recorded and can be played back at any time by individuals with access to the Web.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Tamm
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, 77030, USA
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Martin JR, Ernst R, Heisenberg M. Mushroom bodies suppress locomotor activity in Drosophila melanogaster. Learn Mem 1998; 5:179-91. [PMID: 10454382 PMCID: PMC311252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Locomotor activity of single, freely walking flies in small tubes is analyzed in the time domain of several hours. To assess the influence of the mushroom bodies on walking activity, three independent noninvasive methods interfering with mushroom body function are applied: chemical ablation of the mushroom body precursor cells; a mutant affecting Kenyon cell differentiation (mushroom body miniature); and the targeted expression of the catalytic subunit of tetanus toxin in subsets of Kenyon cells. All groups of flies with mushroom body defects show an elevated level of total walking activity. This increase is attributable to the slower and less complete attenuation of activity during the experiment. Walking activity in normal and mushroom body-deficient flies is clustered in active phases (bouts) and rest periods (pauses). Neither the initiation nor the internal structure, but solely the termination of bouts seems to be affected by the mushroom body defects. How this finding relates to the well-documented role of the mushroom bodies in olfactory learning and memory remains to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Martin
- Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Biozentrum, Würzburg, Germany
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