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Lee KY, Bremner R, Hartley J, Protheroe S, Haller W, Johnson T, Whyte L. Long term outcomes in children with trichohepatoenteric syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:141-149. [PMID: 37753667 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Trichohepatoenteric syndrome (THES) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in either TTC37 or SKIV2L, usually leading to congenital diarrhea as part of a multisystem disease. Here, we report on the natural history of the disease for the largest UK cohort of patients with THES from 1996 to 2020. We systematically reviewed the clinical records and pathological specimens of patients diagnosed with THES managed in a single tertiary pediatric gastroenterology unit. Between 1996 and 2020, 13 patients (7 female and 6 male) were diagnosed with THES either by mutation analysis or by clinical phenotype. Two patients died from complications of infection. All patients received parenteral nutrition (PN) of which six patients were weaned off PN. All patients had gastrointestinal tract inflammation on endoscopy. Almost half of the cohort were diagnosed with monogenic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by the age of 11 years, confirmed by endoscopic and histological findings. Protracted diarrhea causing intestinal failure improves with time in all patients with THES, but monogenic IBD develops in later childhood that is refractory to conventional IBD treatments. Respiratory issues contribute to significant morbidity and mortality, and good respiratory care is crucial to prevent comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Yang Lee
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - Ronald Bremner
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jane Hartley
- Liver Unit, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sue Protheroe
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Wolfram Haller
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tracey Johnson
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lisa Whyte
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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Ravichandran R, Kaza V, Bremner R, Smith M, Mohanakumar T. Circulating Exosomes with Distinct Immune and Molecular Markers in Lung Transplanted Recipients for Cystic Fibrosis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Rahman M, Bansal S, Ravichandran R, Sankpal N, Angara S, Smith M, Bremner R, Mohanakumar T. Downregulation of LKB1-Stradα Pathway in Circulating Exosomes as a Biomarker for Chronic Murine Lung Allograft Rejection. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Ravichandran R, Itabashi Y, Fleming T, Poulson C, Bremner R, Smith M, Mohanakumar T. Low Dose IL-2 Therapy Induces T Regulatory Cell Derived Circulatory Exosomes Containing PDL1 and CD73 and Abrogates Development of Chronic Cardiac Allograft Rejection. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Bansal S, Fleming T, Perincheri S, Smith M, Bremner R, Mohanakumar T. Lung Transplant Recipients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection Induce Circulating Exosomes with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S2 Which Are Immunogenic in Mice. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [PMCID: PMC8988572 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Methods Results Conclusion
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Majeed S, Aparnathi M, Song L, Weiss J, Venkatasubramanian V, Nixon K, Barayan R, Philip V, Sugumar V, Barghout S, Pearson J, Bremner R, Schimmer A, Tsao M, Liu G, Lok B. The First-in-Class UBA1 Inhibitor, TAK-243, in Combination With Radiotherapy for YAP1 and BEND3 Biomarker-Defined Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.1306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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The CONSERVE-HCW Research Group, Tiffany B, Bremner R, Cogo J, Zumbuhl J, Wood L, Arriola B, Wiley N, Sanders S. 209 Seroprevalence of Anti-SARS CoV-2 Nucleocapsid IgG in a Cohort of Healthcare Workers Over Nine Months. Ann Emerg Med 2021. [PMCID: PMC8536272 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2021.09.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Tiffany B, Cogo J, Bremner R, Zumbuhl J, Wood L, Sanders S. 32 Decay of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid IgG in Seropositive Health Care Workers Over Time. Ann Emerg Med 2021. [PMCID: PMC8335426 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2021.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bansal S, Tokman S, Arjuna A, Sanborn K, Bremner R, Smith M, Mohanakumar T. A Comparison of Serological Markers and Exosome Content between Lung Transplant Recipients with BOS and RAS. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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10
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Thawani N, Srivastava S, Jani S, Mutyala S, Patel S, Pinnaduwage D, Sorensen S, Huang J, Bremner R, Savvides P. Acute Skin Toxicity in Patients Treated with SBRT. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gunasekaran M, Sharma M, Rodriguez F, Elnahas S, Hachem R, Walia R, Smith M, Bremner R, Mohanakumar T. Distinct Phenotypic, Molecular and Immune Characteristics of Circulating Exosomes From Lung Transplant Recipients With Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome versus Stable Patients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Davies EG, Cheung M, Gilmour K, Maimaris J, Curry J, Furmanski A, Sebire N, Halliday N, Mengrelis K, Adams S, Bernatoniene J, Bremner R, Browning M, Devlin B, Erichsen HC, Gaspar HB, Hutchison L, Ip W, Ifversen M, Leahy TR, McCarthy E, Moshous D, Neuling K, Pac M, Papadopol A, Parsley KL, Poliani L, Ricciardelli I, Sansom DM, Voor T, Worth A, Crompton T, Markert ML, Thrasher AJ. Thymus transplantation for complete DiGeorge syndrome: European experience. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:1660-1670.e16. [PMID: 28400115 PMCID: PMC5716670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Thymus transplantation is a promising strategy for the treatment of athymic complete DiGeorge syndrome (cDGS). Methods Twelve patients with cDGS underwent transplantation with allogeneic cultured thymus. Objective We sought to confirm and extend the results previously obtained in a single center. Results Two patients died of pre-existing viral infections without having thymopoiesis, and 1 late death occurred from autoimmune thrombocytopenia. One infant had septic shock shortly after transplantation, resulting in graft loss and the need for a second transplant. Evidence of thymopoiesis developed from 5 to 6 months after transplantation in 10 patients. Median circulating naive CD4 counts were 44 × 106/L (range, 11-440 × 106/L) and 200 × 106/L (range, 5-310 × 106/L) at 12 and 24 months after transplantation and T-cell receptor excision circles were 2,238/106 T cells (range, 320-8,807/106 T cells) and 4,184/106 T cells (range, 1,582-24,596/106 T cells). Counts did not usually reach normal levels for age, but patients were able to clear pre-existing infections and those acquired later. At a median of 49 months (range, 22-80 months), 8 have ceased prophylactic antimicrobials, and 5 have ceased immunoglobulin replacement. Histologic confirmation of thymopoiesis was seen in 7 of 11 patients undergoing biopsy of transplanted tissue, including 5 showing full maturation through to the terminal stage of Hassall body formation. Autoimmune regulator expression was also demonstrated. Autoimmune complications were seen in 7 of 12 patients. In 2 patients early transient autoimmune hemolysis settled after treatment and did not recur. The other 5 experienced ongoing autoimmune problems, including thyroiditis (3), hemolysis (1), thrombocytopenia (4), and neutropenia (1). Conclusions This study confirms the previous reports that thymus transplantation can reconstitute T cells in patients with cDGS but with frequent autoimmune complications in survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Graham Davies
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Melissa Cheung
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kimberly Gilmour
- Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jesmeen Maimaris
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Curry
- Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Furmanski
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; School of Life Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Sebire
- Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Halliday
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Life and Medical Sciences, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantinos Mengrelis
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Adams
- Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jolanta Bernatoniene
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Bristol Children's Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ronald Bremner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Browning
- Department of Immunology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Blythe Devlin
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Hans Christian Erichsen
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Section of Paediatric Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Bobby Gaspar
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lizzie Hutchison
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Bristol Children's Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Winnie Ip
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marianne Ifversen
- Paediatric Clinic II, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Ronan Leahy
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth McCarthy
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Despina Moshous
- Paediatric Immunology, Haematology and Rheumatology Unit, Hopital Necker, Paris, France
| | - Kim Neuling
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Malgorzata Pac
- Department of Immunology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alina Papadopol
- Paediatric Clinic, Polyclinic Regina Maria Baneasa, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Kathryn L Parsley
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luigi Poliani
- Institute of Immunity and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ida Ricciardelli
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - David M Sansom
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Life and Medical Sciences, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tiia Voor
- The Children's Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Austen Worth
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tessa Crompton
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Louise Markert
- Department of Immunology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian J Thrasher
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
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Nayak D, Walia R, Bremner R, Smith M, Mohanakumar T. Repertoire Analysis of De Novo Non-HLA Antibodies Associated with Chronic Lung Allograft Rejection Following Human Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Abstract
Endoscopic examination of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) for diagnostics and therapy in children has evolved markedly over the last 20 or so years and is now usually undertaken by paediatric endoscopists. Updated diagnostic and management guidelines for common disorders including coeliac disease, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, eosinophilic oesophagitis and inflammatory bowel disease highlight the central role of endoscopy. Therapeutic endoscopic approaches are also now widely available and further broaden the referral spectrum to include treatment of GIT bleeding, gastrostomy insertion, dilation of strictures and polypectomy. Lastly, the advent of newer technologies allows the examination of hitherto inaccessible areas of the GIT such as the mid-small bowel by wireless capsule video-endoscopy and enteroscopy. We summarise recent current practice and clinical guidelines, focussing on the key indications for referrals that are likely to require endoscopic assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Belsha
- Centre for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - R Bremner
- Centre for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Thomson
- Centre for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK
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McCurdy SR, Pacal M, Ahmad M, Bremner R. A CDK2 activity signature predicts outcome in CDK2-low cancers. Oncogene 2016; 36:2491-2502. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Aubry A, Galiacy S, Ceccato L, Marchand C, Tricoire C, Lopez F, Bremner R, Racaud-Sultan C, Monsarrat B, Malecaze F, Allouche M. Peptides derived from the dependence receptor ALK are proapoptotic for ALK-positive tumors. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1736. [PMID: 25950466 PMCID: PMC4669685 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
ALK is a receptor tyrosine kinase with an oncogenic role in various types of human malignancies. Despite constitutive activation of the kinase through gene alterations, such as chromosomal translocation, gene amplification or mutation, treatments with kinase inhibitors invariably lead to the development of resistance. Aiming to develop new tools for ALK targeting, we took advantage of our previous demonstration identifying ALK as a dependence receptor, implying that in the absence of ligand the kinase-inactive ALK triggers or enhances apoptosis. Here, we synthesized peptides mimicking the proapoptotic domain of ALK and investigated their biological effects on tumor cells. We found that an ALK-derived peptide of 36 amino acids (P36) was cytotoxic for ALK-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma and neuroblastoma cell lines. In contrast, ALK-negative tumor cells and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells were insensitive to P36. The cytotoxic effect was due to caspase-dependent apoptosis and required N-myristoylation of the peptide. Two P36-derived shorter peptides as well as a cyclic peptide also induced apoptosis. Surface plasmon resonance and mass spectrometry analysis of P36-interacting proteins from two responsive cell lines, Cost lymphoma and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma, uncovered partners that could involve p53-dependent signaling and pre-mRNA splicing. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated knockdown of p53 rescued these cells from P36-induced apoptosis. Finally, we observed that a treatment combining P36 with the ALK-specific inhibitor crizotinib resulted in additive cytotoxicity. Therefore, ALK-derived peptides could represent a novel targeted therapy for ALK-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aubry
- 1] Université de Toulouse, UPS, EA4555, GR2DE, CPTP, Toulouse F-31300, France [2] Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, M5G 1X5, Canada [3] Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - S Galiacy
- 1] Université de Toulouse, UPS, EA4555, GR2DE, CPTP, Toulouse F-31300, France [2] CHU Purpan, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - L Ceccato
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, EA4555, GR2DE, CPTP, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - C Marchand
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, EA4555, GR2DE, CPTP, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - C Tricoire
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, EA4555, GR2DE, CPTP, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - F Lopez
- INSERM, UMR1037, CRCT, Toulouse F-31000, France
| | - R Bremner
- 1] Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, M5G 1X5, Canada [2] Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - C Racaud-Sultan
- 1] INSERM, UMR 1043, CPTP, Toulouse F-31300, France [2] CNRS, UMR 5282, CPTP, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - B Monsarrat
- CNRS, UMR 5089, IPBS, Toulouse F-31077, France
| | - F Malecaze
- 1] Université de Toulouse, UPS, EA4555, GR2DE, CPTP, Toulouse F-31300, France [2] CHU Purpan, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - M Allouche
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, EA4555, GR2DE, CPTP, Toulouse F-31300, France
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Hooft N, Saggar R, Smith M, Kuo E, Huang J, Walia R, Bremner R. Prevalence of Forgut Dysfunction in Pulmonary Fibrosis and COPD Patients Undergoing LTx Evaluation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.01.804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Murch S, Jenkins H, Auth M, Bremner R, Butt A, France S, Furman M, Gillett P, Kiparissi F, Lawson M, McLain B, Morris MA, Sleet S, Thorpe M. Joint BSPGHAN and Coeliac UK guidelines for the diagnosis and management of coeliac disease in children. Arch Dis Child 2013; 98:806-11. [PMID: 23986560 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2013-303996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The revised BSPGHAN guidelines for the diagnosis and management of coeliac disease represent an important shift in diagnostic strategy, aimed at simplifying and shortening the diagnostic process in selected cases. Guidance is given concerning the indications for testing for coeliac disease, which is still significantly underdiagnosed in the UK. While screening data suggest a likely incidence of 1 in 100 persons, only 10%-20% of this figure is currently being diagnosed.The BSPGHAN guidelines follow the new ESPGHAN guidelines in overall diagnostic strategy, while providing more didactic stratagems, which should be of assistance for paediatricians in specialties other than gastroenterology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Murch
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, , Coventry, UK
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Abstract
The 'activating' E2fs (E2f1-3) are transcription factors that potently induce quiescent cells to divide. Work on cultured fibroblasts suggested they were essential for division, but in vivo analysis in the developing retina and other tissues disproved this notion. The retina, therefore, is an ideal location to assess other in vivo adenovirus E2 promoter binding factor (E2f) functions. It is thought that E2f1 directly induces apoptosis, whereas other activating E2fs only induce death indirectly by upregulating E2f1 expression. Indeed, mouse retinoblastoma (Rb)-null retinal neuron death requires E2f1, but not E2f2 or E2f3. However, we report an entirely distinct mechanism in dying cone photoreceptors. These neurons survive Rb loss, but undergo apoptosis in the cancer-prone retina lacking both Rb and its relative p107. We show that while E2f1 killed Rb/p107 null rod, bipolar and ganglion neurons, E2f2 was required and sufficient for cone death, independent of E2f1 and E2f3. Moreover, whereas E2f1-dependent apoptosis was p53 and p73-independent, E2f2 caused p53-dependent cone death. Our in vivo analysis of cone photoreceptors provides unequivocal proof that E2f-induces apoptosis independent of E2f1, and reveals distinct E2f1- and E2f2-activated death pathways in response to a single tumorigenic insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Ibrahim S, Omer A, Saggar R, Hurley J, Bremner R, Kuo E, Huang J, Hashimi S, Smith M, Walia R. Lung Transplantation Outcomes in “Older” Patients: Risk vs. Benefit? J Heart Lung Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2013.01.705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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22
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Abstract
Chromosome conformation capture (3C) is a powerful tool to study DNA looping. The procedure generates chimeric DNA templates after ligation of restriction enzyme fragments juxtaposed in vivo by looping. These unique ligation products (ULPs) are typically quantified by gel-based methods, which are practically inefficient. Taqman probes may be used, but are expensive. Cycle threshold (Ct) determined using SYBR Green, an inexpensive alternative, is hampered by non-specific products and/or background fluorescence, both due to high template/ULP ratio. SYBR Green melting curve analysis (MCA) is a well-known qualitative tool for assessing PCR specificity. Here we present for the first time MCA as a quantitative tool (qMCA) to compare template concentrations across different samples and apply it to 3C to assess looping among remote elements identified by STAT1 and IRF1 ChIP-chip at the interferon-γ responsive CIITA and SOCS1 loci. This rapid, inexpensive approach provided highly reproducible identification and quantification of ULPs over a significant linear range. Therefore, qMCA is a robust method to assess chromatin looping in vivo, and overcomes several drawbacks associated with other approaches. Our data suggest that basal and induced looping is a involving remote enhancers is a common mechanism at IFNγ-regulated targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abou El Hassan
- Genetics and Development Division, University Health Network, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8
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Monteleone G, Mann J, Monteleone I, Vavassori P, Bremner R, Fantini M, Del Vecchio Blanco G, Tersigni R, Alessandroni L, Mann D, Pallone F, MacDonald TT. A failure of transforming growth factor-beta1 negative regulation maintains sustained NF-kappaB activation in gut inflammation. J Biol Chem 2003; 279:3925-32. [PMID: 14600158 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m303654200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunologically mediated tissue damage in the gut is associated with increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, which activate the transcription factor NF-kappaB in a variety of different cell types. The mechanisms/factors that negatively regulate NF-kappaB in the human gut and the pathways leading to the sustained NF-kappaB activation in gut inflammation remain to be identified. Pretreatment of normal human intestinal lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) with transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) resulted in a marked suppression of TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB p65 accumulation in the nucleus, NF-kappaB binding DNA activity, and NF-kappaB-dependent gene activation. TGF-beta1 also increased IkappaBalpha transcripts and protein in normal LPMC. In marked contrast, treatment of LPMC from patients with inflammatory bowel disease with TGF-beta1 did not reduce TNF-induced NF-kappaB activation due to the overexpression of Smad7. Indeed inhibiting Smad7 by specific antisense oligonucleotides increased IkappaBalpha expression and reduced NF-kappaB p65 accumulation in the nucleus. This effect was due to endogenous TGF-beta1. TGF-beta1 directly stimulated IkappaBalpha promoter transcriptional activity in gut fibroblasts in vitro, and overexpression of Smad7 blocked this effect. These data show that TGF-beta1 is a negative regulator of NF-kappaB activation in the gut and that Smad7 maintains high NF-kappaB activity in gut inflammation by blocking TGF-beta1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Monteleone
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Centro di Eccellenza per lo Studio delle Malattie Complesse e Multifattoriali, Università Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy.
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24
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Wu J, Trogadis J, Bremner R. Rod and cone degeneration in the rd mouse is p53 independent. Mol Vis 2001; 7:101-6. [PMID: 11344337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether p53 is required for the death of rod and cone photoreceptors in rd mice, a model of human retinitis pigmentosa, and/or for the natural degeneration of inner nuclear layer (INL) cells in the developing retina. METHODS Rod photoreceptor and INL apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL staining of mouse sagittal sections from post natal day (P) 10, 13, 15, 17, and 20 day p53+/+ and p53-/- rd retinas. Cone photoreceptor survival was measured by counting the total number of peanut agglutinin (PNA) positive cells in eighty four 0.25 mm x 0.25 mm bins in each eye, distributed equally across the four quadrants of whole mount retinas from 3 month old p53+/+ and p53-/- rd retinas. RESULTS Both the kinetics of rod and INL cell death as well as the survival of cones were essentially unaffected by the absence of p53. CONCLUSIONS Despite established links with retinal apoptosis, p53 is not essential for rod or cone cell degeneration in the rd mouse or for the elimination of bipolar and Muller cells during late retinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wu
- Vision Science Research Program, Cellular and Molecular Division, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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25
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Abstract
Retinoblastoma has contributed much to the understanding of cancer. The protein product of the RB gene, pRB, is a multifaceted regulator of transcription which controls the cell cycle, differentiation and apoptosis in normal development of specific tissues. Elucidating the mechanisms in which pRB plays a critical role will enable novel therapies and strategies for prevention, not only for retinoblastoma, but for cancer in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- D DiCiommo
- Departments of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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26
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Park DS, Morris EJ, Bremner R, Keramaris E, Padmanabhan J, Rosenbaum M, Shelanski ML, Geller HM, Greene LA. Involvement of retinoblastoma family members and E2F/DP complexes in the death of neurons evoked by DNA damage. J Neurosci 2000; 20:3104-14. [PMID: 10777774 PMCID: PMC6773109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal death evoked by DNA damage requires cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4) and 6 activity and is accompanied by elevation of cyclin D1-associated kinase activity. Because Cdk4/6 phosphorylates retinoblastoma protein (pRb) family members that then modulate the transcriptional activity of E2F/DP1 complexes, we examined the involvement of these components in DNA damage-evoked neuronal death. Camptothecin induced rapid pRb and p107 phosphorylation at a Cdk4/6 phosphorylation site followed by selective loss of Rb and p107. The CDK inhibitor flavopiridol suppressed pRb and p107 phosphorylation and loss, implicating CDK activity in these events. Moreover, the loss of pRb and p107 appeared to be mediated by caspases because it was blocked by general caspase inhibitors. The role of phosphorylation and pRb and p107 loss in the death pathway was indicated by observations that virally mediated expression of pRb mutated at sites of phosphorylation, including the Cdk4/6 site, inhibited death. Finally, expression of dominant-negative versions of DP1, known to compromise E2F transcriptional activity, protects cortical neurons from death induced by camptothecin and sympathetic neurons from death evoked by UV treatment. Taken together, these results implicate the CDK-pRb/E2F/DP pathway as a required element in the neuronal death evoked by DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Park
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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27
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Abstract
pRB is required for IFN-gamma-induction of MHC class II in human tumor cell lines, providing a potential link between tumor suppressors and the immune system. However, other genes, such as cyclin D1, show pRB-dependency only in tumor cells, so by analogy, pRB may not be necessary for cII-regulation in normal cells. Here, we demonstrate that induction of the mouse MHC class II I-A heterodimer is normal in RB+/+ mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), but deficient in RB-/- MEFs. Inducibility is restored in RB-/- MEFs stably transfected with wild type RB cDNA or infected with an adenovirus expressing pRB. Thus, involvement of pRB in MHC class II expression is conserved in the mouse and is not an aberrant feature of tumorigenic, aneuploid, human tumor cells. Although cII genes are generally induced in a coordinate fashion, suggesting a common mechanism, we found that pRB was specifically required for induction of the Abeta, but not Aalpha or other MHC cII genes including Ebeta, Ii and H2-Malpha. Finally, IFN-gamma-induction of class II transactivator (CIITA), was pRB-independent, suggesting that pRB works downstream of this master-regulator of MHC class II expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhu
- Eye Research Institute for Canada, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 2S8
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28
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Abstract
Semliki Forest virus (SFV) vectors can be produced faster, and have a wider host range, than baculovirus vectors. However, the original SFV system requires in vitro manipulation of RNA. We have generated a system that is wholly DNA-based. Both the replicon vector, encoding SFV polymerase and the protein of interest, and the helper vector, encoding viral structural proteins, were modified so that expression was RNA polymerase II-dependent. Transfection of the modified replicon plasmid alone generated 20-30-fold more protein than obtained from a simple expression vector. Expression required the SFV replicase, which amplifies replicon RNA. The SFV-based vector generated 10-20-fold more protein than a plasmid based on Sindbis virus. Cotransfection of SFV replicon and helper vectors generated viral titers of around 10(6) infectious particles/ml. A single electroporation, plated on one 10-cm plate, generated enough virus (10(7) particles) to produce >500 microg of protein. Wild type, replication proficient virus was not detected in three tests utilizing almost 10(8) viral particles, a distinct advantage over a DNA Sindbis-based system in which over half the virus particles generated are fully infectious. The new SFV vectors significantly enhance the utility of this expression system.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P DiCiommo
- Eye Research Institute of Canada, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8
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29
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Critical to any resident's success is that individual's commitment and desire to succeed. Rarely do surgical educators consider the impact of a programmatic change on a resident's motivation. Recently much attention has centered around the impact of IL-372 on medical practice. In this article we instead focus on the impact that a programmatic change can have on resident motivation and use IL-372 as an example. METHODS This article is a review of literature on motivation relevant to surgical education. RESULTS Motivation theory can help surgical educators understand resident (1) choice to engage in an activity, (2) the quantity of effort someone invests, and (3) the willingness to persist at tasks. It can also help educators identify and understand positive and negative behavioral reactions that can occur when there is a mismatch between a resident's belief about his or her ability and expectations in the operating room. CONCLUSIONS This article concludes with a number of strategies to improve resident motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chalabian
- Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
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30
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Bremner R, Du DC, Connolly-Wilson MJ, Bridge P, Ahmad KF, Mostachfi H, Rushlow D, Dunn JM, Gallie BL. Deletion of RB exons 24 and 25 causes low-penetrance retinoblastoma. Am J Hum Genet 1997; 61:556-70. [PMID: 9326321 PMCID: PMC1715941 DOI: 10.1086/515499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A deletion in the tumor-suppressor gene, RB, discovered by quantitative multiplex PCR, shows low penetrance (LP), since only 39% of eyes at risk in this family develop retinoblastoma. The 4-kb deletion spanning exons 24 and 25 (delta24-25) is the largest ever observed in an LP retinoblastoma family. Unlike the usual RB mutations, which cause retinoblastoma in 95% of at-risk eyes and yield no detectable protein, the delta24-25 allele transcribed a message splicing exon 23 to exon 26, resulting in a detectable protein (pRBdelta24-25) that lacks 58 amino acids from the C-terminal domain, proving that this domain is essential for suppression of retinoblastoma. Two functions were partially impaired by delta24-25-nuclear localization and repression of E2F-consistent with the idea that LP mutations generate "weak alleles" by reducing but not eliminating essential activities. However, delta24-25 ablated interaction of pRB with MDM2. Since a homozygous LP allele is considered nontumorigenic, the pRB/MDM2 interaction may be semi- or nonessential for suppressing retinoblastoma. Alternatively, some homozygous LP alleles may not cause tumorigenesis because an additional event is required (the "three-hit hypothesis"), or the resulting imbalance in pRB function may cause apoptosis (the "death allele hypothesis"). pRBdelta24-25 was also completely defective in suppressing growth of Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells. Targeting pRBdelta24-25 to the nucleus did not improve Saos-2 growth suppression, suggesting that C-terminal domain functions other than nuclear localization are essential for blocking proliferation in these cells. Since delta24-25 behaves like a null allele in these cells but like an LP allele in the retina, pRB may use different mechanisms to control growth in different cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bremner
- Eye Research Institute of Canada, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Toronto, Ontario.
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31
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Cunningham CE, Bremner R, Boyle M. Large group community-based parenting programs for families of preschoolers at risk for disruptive behaviour disorders: utilization, cost effectiveness, and outcome. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1995; 36:1141-59. [PMID: 8847377 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01362.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A significant percentage of children with disruptive behavior disorders do not receive mental health assistance. Utilization is lowest among groups whose children are at greatest risk. To increase the availability, accessibility, and cost efficacy of parent training programs, this prospective randomized trial compared a large group community-based parent training program to a clinic-based individual parent training (PT) programs. All families of junior kindergartners in the Hamilton public and separate school boards were sent a checklist regarding problems at home. Those returning questionnaires above the 90th percentile were block randomly assigned to: (1) a 12-week clinic-based individual parent training (Clinic/Individual), (2) a 12-week community-based large group parent training (Community/Group), or (3) a waiting list control condition. Immigrant families, those using English as a second language, and parents of children with severe behaviour problems were significantly more likely to enroll in Community/Groups than Clinic/Individual PT. Parents in Community/Groups reported greater improvements in behaviour problems at home and better maintenance of these gains at 6-month follow-up. A cost analysis showed that, with groups of 18 families, Community/Groups are more than six times as cost effective as Clinic/Individual programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Cunningham
- Department of Psychiatry, McMaster University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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32
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Bremner R, Cohen BL, Sopta M, Hamel PA, Ingles CJ, Gallie BL, Phillips RA. Direct transcriptional repression by pRB and its reversal by specific cyclins. Mol Cell Biol 1995; 15:3256-65. [PMID: 7760821 PMCID: PMC230558 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.15.6.3256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
It was recently shown that the E2F-pRB complex is a negative transcriptional regulator. However, it was not determined whether the whole complex or pRB alone is required for repression. Here we show that pRB and the related protein p107 are capable of direct transcriptional repression independent of E2F. When fused to the DNA binding domain of GAL4, pRB or p107 represses transcription of promoters with GAL4 binding sites. Thus, E2F acts as a tether for pRB or p107 but is not actively involved in repression of other enhancers. This function of pRB maps to the pocket and is abrogated by mutation of this domain. This result suggests an intriguing model in which the pocket has a dual function, first to bind E2F and second to repress transcription directly, possibly through interaction with other proteins. We also show that direct transcriptional repression by pRB is regulated by phosphorylation. Mutations which render pRB constitutively hypophosphorylated potentiate repression, while phosphorylation induced by cyclin A or E reduces repression ninefold.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bremner
- Division of Immunology and Cancer Research, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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33
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Katkhouda N, Bremner R, Ortega A, Verham R, Nguyen P, Mouiel J. Laparoscopic management of complications of peptic ulcer disease. Surg Technol Int 1995; IV:121-126. [PMID: 21400421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Laparoscopic treatment of intractable duodenal ulcers is intended for the treatment of patients who do not heal after a trial of intensive regimen of medication such as H2 blockers and/or therapy aimed at eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Patients in a category who are Helicobacter-negative can be offered a laparoscopic treatment of their ulcer by vagotomy. Patients who have early relapses on stopping medical treatment are also candidates for vagotomy. Complications of the disease, such as bleeding or pyloric outlet obstruction, represent valid indications in 1995 for performing surgery in patients with duodenal ulcer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Katkhouda
- Associate Professor of Surgery and Chief, Division of Outpatient Andminimally Invasive Surgery, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
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34
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Katkhouda N, Ortega A, Bremner R, Nguyen P, Verham R, Mouiel J. Laparoscopic splenectomy. Surg Technol Int 1995; IV:159-162. [PMID: 21400426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Several indications for laparoscopic splenectomy are represented mainly by hematological disorders such as Idiopatic Thrombopenic Purpura (ITP) or hereditary spherocytosis. Patients with ITP who do not respond, have relapses of the disease under steroid treatment, or need a gradually increased dose of steroids, represent an excellent indication for laparoscopic splenectomy, as the spleen is not enlarged. Patients are usually small, thin, young females, making the procedure much easier. The size of the spleen in hereditary spherocytosis varies, sometimes making the procedure a little more difficult, especially as those patients have pigmented gallbladder stones necessitating a concurrent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Other indications are represented by staging of Hodgkin's disease, lymphoma of the spleen, and splenic infarcts without abscesses. Some patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia might benefit from laparoscopic splenectomy, but hypersplenism due to cirrhosis is strongly contraindicated, as the risk of intraoperative hemorrhage is great and not usually managed easily laparoscopically.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Katkhouda
- Associate Professor of Surgery and Chief, Division of Outpatient Andminimally Invasive Surgery, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
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35
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Bremner R, Kemp CJ, Balmain A. Induction of different genetic changes by different classes of chemical carcinogens during progression of mouse skin tumors. Mol Carcinog 1994; 11:90-7. [PMID: 7916997 DOI: 10.1002/mc.2940110206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
By analysis of skin tumors from F1 hybrid mice we demonstrated that the genetic events that occur during tumor progression depend on the type of chemical carcinogenesis protocol used to induce tumor growth. More than 95% of tumors induced by initiation with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and promotion with 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) exhibited mutations in Ha-ras and trisomy of chromosome 7. Carcinomas induced with multiple DMBA treatments had a lower frequency of alterations on chromosome 7 (50%), but only in tumors with Ha-ras mutations, and had a much wider spectrum of alterations, including trisomy, mitotic recombination, deletion, and gene duplication. Carcinomas induced with multiple N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine treatments only rarely exhibited alterations on chromosome 7 (8%), even if they contained mutant Ha-ras. More frequent numerical alterations of chromosome 11 were also seen in TPA-promoted tumors (23%) than in tumors induced by multiple carcinogen treatments (8%). These results show that postinitiation events are nonrandom and fit a model in which promoting agents induce numerical chromosomal alterations but in which mutagens cause more directed mutational events.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bremner
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Wolfson Laboratory for Molecular Pathology, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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36
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Cunningham CE, Davis JR, Bremner R, Dunn KW, Rzasa T. Coping modeling problem solving versus mastery modeling: effects on adherence, in-session process, and skill acquisition in a residential parent-training program. J Consult Clin Psychol 1994. [PMID: 8245284 DOI: 10.1037//0022-006x.61.5.871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This trial compared two approaches used to introduce parenting skills in a residential staff training program. Fifty staff were randomly assigned to: mastery modelling in which videotaped models demonstrated new skills, coping modelling problem solving (CMPS) in which participants formulated their own solutions to the errors depicted by videotaped models, or a waiting-list control group. In both, leaders used modelling, role playing, and homework projects to promote mastery and transfer of new skills. The skills of all groups improved, but CMPS participants attended more sessions, were late to fewer sessions, completed more homework, engaged in more cooperative in-session interaction, rated the program more positively, and reported higher job accomplishment scores. These data suggest that CMPS allowing participants to formulate their own solutions may enhance adherence and reduce the resistance observed in more didactic programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Cunningham
- Department of Psychology, Chedoke-McMaster Hospitals, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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37
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Cunningham CE, Davis JR, Bremner R, Dunn KW, Rzasa T. Coping modeling problem solving versus mastery modeling: effects on adherence, in-session process, and skill acquisition in a residential parent-training program. J Consult Clin Psychol 1993; 61:871-7. [PMID: 8245284 DOI: 10.1037/0022-006x.61.5.871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This trial compared two approaches used to introduce parenting skills in a residential staff training program. Fifty staff were randomly assigned to: mastery modelling in which videotaped models demonstrated new skills, coping modelling problem solving (CMPS) in which participants formulated their own solutions to the errors depicted by videotaped models, or a waiting-list control group. In both, leaders used modelling, role playing, and homework projects to promote mastery and transfer of new skills. The skills of all groups improved, but CMPS participants attended more sessions, were late to fewer sessions, completed more homework, engaged in more cooperative in-session interaction, rated the program more positively, and reported higher job accomplishment scores. These data suggest that CMPS allowing participants to formulate their own solutions may enhance adherence and reduce the resistance observed in more didactic programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Cunningham
- Department of Psychology, Chedoke-McMaster Hospitals, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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38
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Zacksenhaus E, Bremner R, Phillips RA, Gallie BL. A bipartite nuclear localization signal in the retinoblastoma gene product and its importance for biological activity. Mol Cell Biol 1993; 13:4588-99. [PMID: 8336704 PMCID: PMC360081 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.13.8.4588-4599.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinoblastoma gene product, p110RB1, appears to regulate cell growth by modulating the activities of nuclear transcription factors. The elements that specify the transport of p110RB1 into the nucleus have not yet been explored. We now report the identification of a basic region, KRSAEGGNPPKPLKKLR, in the C terminus of p110RB1, which has sequence similarity to known bipartite nuclear localization signals (NLSs). A two-amino-acid mutation introduced into this putative NLS [to give mutant NLS(NQ)] or deletion of the entire NLS (delta NLS) abrogated exclusive nuclear localization, yielding proteins which were distributed either equally throughout the cell or predominantly in the cytoplasm. A mutant protein [NLS(NQ)/delta 22] containing both the mutated NLS and a deletion of exon 22, previously shown to disrupt the interaction of p110RB1 with several cellular transcription factors and oncoproteins, accumulated only in the cytoplasm. When fused to the C terminus of Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase, the RB1 NLS directed this protein to the nucleus, indicating that the motif is not only necessary but also sufficient for nuclear transport. Neither NLS(NQ) nor delta NLS was hyperphosphorylated in vivo, but both retained their abilities to interact, in vitro, with simian virus 40 large T antigen, adenovirus E1a, and the cellular transcription factor E2F. When transfected at multiple copy number, the NLS mutant alleles displayed reduced biological activity, measured by inhibition of growth of the osteogenic sarcoma cell line Saos-2, which has no wild-type RB1. Naturally occurring mutations and deletions in exon 25 of RB1 which disrupt the NLS may lead to partial or complete inactivation of p110RB1 and may be responsible for some retinoblastoma and other tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zacksenhaus
- Division of Immunology and Cancer Research, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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39
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Kemp CJ, Bremner R, Balmain A. A revised map position for the Ha-ras gene on mouse chromosome 7: implications for analysis of genetic alterations in rodent tumors. Mol Carcinog 1993; 7:147-50. [PMID: 8098216 DOI: 10.1002/mc.2940070304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The mouse Ha-ras gene has previously been mapped to the central region of chromosome 7, 31 cM from the centromere, using an interspecific Mus musculus/Mus spretus backcross (Saunders AM, Seldin MF, Genomics 8:525-535, 1990). However, analysis of mitotic recombinations in mouse skin tumors from intraspecific F1 hybrid mice suggested a more distal location for the Ha-ras gene on chromosome 7 (Bremner R, Balmain A, Cell 61:407-417, 1990). In the study reported here, we demonstrated, by analysis of Ha-ras gene mutations in skin tumors from interspecific M. spretus/M. musculus F1 hybrids, the existence only in M. spretus of a pseudogene or other Ha-ras-related sequence that is probably the sequence originally mapped by Saunders and Seldin. The functional Ha-ras gene maps to the distal region of chromosome 7, and it is this sequence that acquires mutations in chemically induced tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Kemp
- CRC Beatson Laboratories, Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zacksenhaus
- Division of Immunology and Cancer Research, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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41
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Phillips RA, Gill RM, Zacksenhaus E, Bremner R, Jiang Z, Sopta M, Gallie BL, Hamel PA. Why don't germline mutations in RB1 predispose to leukemia? Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1992; 182:485-91. [PMID: 1490389 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-77633-5_61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R A Phillips
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Toronto, Canada
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42
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Burns PA, Kemp CJ, Gannon JV, Lane DP, Bremner R, Balmain A. Loss of heterozygosity and mutational alterations of the p53 gene in skin tumours of interspecific hybrid mice. Oncogene 1991; 6:2363-9. [PMID: 1766680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Functional alterations or loss of tumor-suppressor genes are an important feature of neoplastic progression in humans. The employment of suitable animal model systems would greatly facilitate the detection and manipulation of such genes. We describe here an experimental approach to this problem based on the analysis of skin tumors induced in F1 hybrids between Mus musculus and Mus spretus mice. The results show that loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 11 occurred in 4/13 mouse skin carcinomas, but not in premalignant papillomas. Since the murine p53 gene is located on this chromosome, immunoprecipitation and DNA-sequencing studies were carried out on tumorigenic cell lines and primary tumor DNA respectively to determine the status of p53 alleles. These studies revealed the presence of p53 mutations, both frameshifts and missense, some of which are identical to those found in human tumors. Loss of normal p53 function is found in well-differentiated squamous-cell carcinomas and thus does not appear to be directly responsible for further progression to an undifferentiated spindle cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Burns
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
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Bremner R, Balmain A. Genetic changes in skin tumor progression: correlation between presence of a mutant ras gene and loss of heterozygosity on mouse chromosome 7. Cell 1990; 61:407-17. [PMID: 2185890 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90523-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Initiation of tumorigenesis in mouse skin can be accomplished by mutagenesis of the H-ras gene by treatment with chemical carcinogens. A mouse model system has been developed to study the additional genetic events that take place during tumor progression. Skin carcinomas were induced in F1 hybrid mice exhibiting restriction fragment length polymorphisms at multiple chromosomal loci. Analysis of loss of heterozygosity in such tumors showed that imbalance of alleles on mouse chromosome 7, on which the H-ras gene is located, occurs very frequently in skin carcinomas. The chromosomal alterations detected, which included both nondisjunction and mitotic recombination events, were only seen in tumors that have activated ras genes. We conclude that gross chromosomal alterations that elevate the copy number of mutant H-ras and/or lead to loss of normal H-ras are a consistent feature of mouse skin tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bremner
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Bearsden, Glasgow, Scotland
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Abstract
The authors compared children with Asperger syndrome (AS) with high-functioning autistic children and psychiatric outpatient controls on measures of early history and outcome. In terms of their early history, the autistic probands showed more social impairment, a higher frequency of echolalia and pronoun reversal, and a more restricted range of activities than the AS group. Cluster analysis suggested refinements to the diagnostic criteria, which resulted in larger differences between the groups on these early history measures. In terms of their outcome, the autistic probands spent more time in special education classes but developed fewer accessory psychiatric symptoms than the AS children. It was clear, however, that there were no substantive, qualitative differences between the AS and autistic groups, indicating that AS should be considered a mild form of high-functioning autism. The inclusion of AS among the autistic spectrum of disorders has implications both for aetiological studies and for prevalence estimates of the pervasive developmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Szatmari
- Chedoke-McMaster Hospitals, Hamilton, Ontario
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Abstract
The term Asperger's Syndrome (AS) refers to a clinical picture characterized by social isolation in combination with odd and eccentric behaviour. While the syndrome has been recognized for some time, diagnostic criteria for the disorder have not yet been established or evaluated. The objective of this paper is to describe some of the clinical features of AS. Twenty-eight children and adolescents with AS were compared to a group of psychiatric outpatients (matched on age and sex) who were also socially impaired. The AS subjects showed a range of social impairments essentially different than those seen in the control group. The sex ratio, family history, and presence of neurologic disease in some AS cases, suggest that the etiology of the disorder is similar to that in autism. The methodological limitations of the study are discussed, and a revised set of diagnostic criteria are proposed for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Szatmari
- Department of Psychiatry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario
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Abstract
It is well known that IQ is an important prognostic variable in the outcome of autistic children. There are, however, very few data available on the outcome of nonretarded autistic children as adults. We identified 16 such probands from records and followed them up between 11 and 27 years since discharge from a center specializing in the assessment of autistic children. There were 12 males and 4 females, average age was 26, and mean IQ was 92 (range 68-110). Although the majority were functioning poorly in terms of occupational-social outcome and psychiatric symptoms, a surprising number (4) had a very good outcome and might be considered recovered. The severity of early autistic behavior was a poor predictor of outcome, but neuropsychologic measures of nonverbal problem solving were highly correlated with outcomes. The results of the study indicate that a small percentage of nonretarded autistic children can be expected to recover to a substantial degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Szatmari
- Department of Psychiatry, Chedoke-McMaster Hospitals, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Mixtures containing a fixed amount of SP1 alpha, increasing amounts of SP1 beta and vice versa have been measured by rocket immunoelectrophoresis, by enzyme immunoassay and by radioimmunoassay. Both proteins have immunological determinants which react with standard antisera to SP1 and the value obtained for any particular mixture is dependent on the ratio of the proteins. The effect of the ratio on measurement by immunoelectrophoresis is different from that on measurement by enzyme immunoassay or radioimmunoassay. As these two proteins exist together in the blood of pregnant women, Results obtained by the two types of assay cannot be compared. Even with the same method the results will depend on the ratio which varies from subject to subject. It is concluded that until specific measurements for SP1 alpha and SP1 beta are designed, clinical application studies must be viewed with reserve.
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Abstract
3H-Prazosin binding to membranes from rat brain is saturable, Bmax, 77 fmol/mg protein, of high affinity, KD, 0.28 nM and with a drug specificity indicating that it labels alpha-adrenergic receptors. The ranking of alpha-antagonists for these binding sites suggests that 3H-prazosin may be useful in identifying a subpopulation of alpha-receptors (alpha1) in the central nervous system.
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