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O'Rourke R, Erdemir GA, Huang YWA. Assays of Monitoring and Measuring Autophagic Flux for iPSC-Derived Human Neurons and Other Brain Cell Types. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2683:221-233. [PMID: 37300779 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3287-1_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved, cytoprotective, catabolic process induced in response to conditions of cellular stress and nutrient deprivation. It is responsible for the degradation of large intracellular substrates such as misfolded or aggregated proteins and organelles. This self-degradative mechanism is crucial for proteostasis in post-mitotic neurons, requiring its careful regulation. Due to its homeostatic role and the implications, it has for certain disease pathologies, autophagy has become a growing area of research. We describe here two assays that can be used as part of a tool kit for measuring autophagy-lysosomal flux in human iPSC-derived neurons.One way to measure autophagic flux is through a western blotting assay, which can be used to analyze two important autophagy proteins: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and p62. In this chapter, we describe a western blotting assay for use in human iPSC neurons that can be used to quantify these two proteins of interest to measure autophagic flux.In addition to conventional western blotting techniques, more sophisticated tools have come available to readout autophagic flux in a sensitive and high-throughput manner. In the latter portion of this chapter, we describe a flow cytometry assay which utilizes a pH-sensitive fluorescent reporter which can also be used to measure autophagic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan O'Rourke
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Translational Neuroscience, Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute of Translational Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Guzide Ayse Erdemir
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Translational Neuroscience, Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute of Translational Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Yu-Wen Alvin Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Translational Neuroscience, Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute of Translational Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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2
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Dubois FPB, Shapira O, Greenwald NF, Zack T, Wala J, Tsai JW, Crane A, Baguette A, Hadjadj D, Harutyunyan AS, Kumar KH, Blattner-Johnson M, Vogelzang J, Sousa C, Kang KS, Sinai C, Wang DK, Khadka P, Lewis K, Nguyen L, Malkin H, Ho P, O'Rourke R, Zhang S, Gold R, Deng D, Serrano J, Snuderl M, Jones C, Wright KD, Chi SN, Grill J, Kleinman CL, Goumnerova LC, Jabado N, Jones DTW, Kieran MW, Ligon KL, Beroukhim R, Bandopadhayay P. Structural variants shape driver combinations and outcomes in pediatric high-grade glioma. Nat Cancer 2022; 3:994-1011. [PMID: 35788723 PMCID: PMC10365847 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00403-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the contributions of structural variants (SVs) to gliomagenesis across 179 pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs). The most recurrent SVs targeted MYC isoforms and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), including an SV amplifying a MYC enhancer in 12% of diffuse midline gliomas (DMG), indicating an underappreciated role for MYC in pHGG. SV signature analysis revealed that tumors with simple signatures were TP53 wild type (TP53WT) but showed alterations in TP53 pathway members PPM1D and MDM4. Complex signatures were associated with direct aberrations in TP53, CDKN2A and RB1 early in tumor evolution and with later-occurring extrachromosomal amplicons. All pHGGs exhibited at least one simple-SV signature, but complex-SV signatures were primarily restricted to subsets of H3.3K27M DMGs and hemispheric pHGGs. Importantly, DMGs with complex-SV signatures were associated with shorter overall survival independent of histone mutation and TP53 status. These data provide insight into the impact of SVs on gliomagenesis and the mechanisms that shape them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank P B Dubois
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ofer Shapira
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Noah F Greenwald
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Travis Zack
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeremiah Wala
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jessica W Tsai
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Crane
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Audrey Baguette
- Quantitative Life Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Djihad Hadjadj
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Kiran H Kumar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mirjam Blattner-Johnson
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Glioma Research, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jayne Vogelzang
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cecilia Sousa
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyung Shin Kang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Claire Sinai
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dayle K Wang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Prasidda Khadka
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Lan Nguyen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hayley Malkin
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patricia Ho
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ryan O'Rourke
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rose Gold
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Davy Deng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Chris Jones
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics and Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, London, UK
| | - Karen D Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan N Chi
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacques Grill
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology and INSERM Unit 981, Gustave Roussy Institute and University of Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Claudia L Kleinman
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Lady Davis Research Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Liliana C Goumnerova
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital; Dana Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- LCG: Tromboprotea, MWK: Day One Biopharmaceuticals, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nada Jabado
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, and The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David T W Jones
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Glioma Research, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark W Kieran
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- LCG: Tromboprotea, MWK: Day One Biopharmaceuticals, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Keith L Ligon
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA.
- Center for Patient Derived Models, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Pratiti Bandopadhayay
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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Dubois F, Shapira O, Greenwald N, Zack T, Wala J, Tsai J, Crane A, Baguette A, Hadjadj D, Harutyunyan A, Kumar K, Blattner-Johnson M, Vogelzang J, Sousa C, Kang KS, Sinai C, Wang D, Khadka P, Malkin H, Ho P, O'Rourke R, Zhang S, Gold R, Deng D, Serrano J, Snuderl M, Jones C, Wright K, Chi S, Grill J, Kleinman C, Goumnerova L, Jabado N, Jones D, Kieran M, Ligon K, Beroukhim R, Bandopadhayay P. HGG-60. Structural variants shape driver combinations and outcomes in pediatric high-grade glioma. Neuro Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac079.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs), encompassing hemispheric and diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs), remain a devastating disease. The last decade has revealed oncogenic drivers including single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in histones. However, the contribution of structural variants (SVs) to gliomagenesis has not been systematically explored due to limitations in early SV analysis approaches. Using SV algorithms, we recently created, we analyzed SVs in whole-genome sequences of 179 pHGGs including a novel cohort of treatment naïve samples–the largest WGS cohort assembled in adult or pediatric glioma. The most recurrent SVs targeted MYC isoforms and receptor tyrosine kinases, including a novel SV amplifying a MYC enhancer in the lncRNA CCDC26 in 12% of DMGs and revealing a more central role for MYC in these cancers than previously known. Applying de novo SV signature discovery, we identified five signatures including three (SVsig1-3) involving primarily simple SVs, and two (SVsig4-5) involving complex, clustered SVs. These SV signatures associated with genetic variants that differed from what was observed for SV signatures in other cancers, suggesting different links to underlying biology. Tumors with simple SV signatures were TP53 wild-type but were enriched with alterations in TP53 pathway members PPM1D and MDM4. Complex signatures were associated with direct aberrations in TP53, CDKN2A, and RB1 early in tumor evolution, and with extrachromosomal amplicons that likely occurred later. All pHGGs exhibited at least one simple SV signature but complex SV signatures were primarily restricted to subsets of H3.3K27M DMGs and hemispheric pHGGs. Importantly, DMGs with the complex SV signatures SVsig4-5 were associated with shorter overall survival independent of histone type and TP53 status. These data inform the role and impact of SVs in gliomagenesis and mechanisms that shape them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Dubois
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, MA , USA
- Broad Institute , Boston, MA , USA
| | | | - Noah Greenwald
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, MA , USA
- Broad Institute , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Travis Zack
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, MA , USA
- Broad Institute , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Jeremiah Wala
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, MA , USA
- Broad Institute , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Jessica Tsai
- Dana-Farber/Boston Childrens Cancer and Blood Disorder Center , Boston, MA , USA
- Broad Institute , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Alexander Crane
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, MA , USA
- Broad Institute , Boston, MA , USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Mirjam Blattner-Johnson
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ); Pediatric Glioma Research Group, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Dayle Wang
- Dana-Farber/Boston Childrens Cancer and Blood Disorder Center , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Prasidda Khadka
- Dana-Farber/Boston Childrens Cancer and Blood Disorder Center , Boston, MA , USA
- Broad Institute , Boston, MA , USA
| | | | - Patricia Ho
- Dana-Farber/Boston Childrens Cancer and Blood Disorder Center , Boston, MA , USA
- Broad Institute , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Ryan O'Rourke
- Dana-Farber/Boston Childrens Cancer and Blood Disorder Center , Boston, MA , USA
- Broad Institute , Boston, MA , USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chris Jones
- Institute of Cancer Research , London , United Kingdom
| | - Karen Wright
- Dana-Farber/Boston Childrens Cancer and Blood Disorder Center , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Susan Chi
- Dana-Farber/Boston Childrens Cancer and Blood Disorder Center , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Jacques Grill
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology and INSERM Unit 981, Gustave Roussy Institute and University of Paris Saclay , Villejuif , France
| | | | | | | | - David Jones
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ); Pediatric Glioma Research Group, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Mark Kieran
- Dana-Farber/Boston Childrens Cancer and Blood Disorder Center , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Keith Ligon
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, MA , USA
- Broad Institute , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, MA , USA
- Broad Institute , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Pratiti Bandopadhayay
- Dana-Farber/Boston Childrens Cancer and Blood Disorder Center , Boston, MA , USA
- Broad Institute , Boston, MA , USA
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Quadrelli S, Lynch C, Savage M, Gaikwad N, O'Rourke R, Raffel C, Hamilton-Craig C. Comparison Of On-site Clinician-operated Computational Fluid Dynamic 3Rd Generation Cffr For The Detection Of Lesion-specific Ischemia Compared To Invasive Ffr. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2021.06.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Patel N, Hopcraft K, O'Rourke R, Williamson A, Georgiou P, Yang I, Fong K, Marshall H. P44.05 Bone Density Measures Out-Perform Clinical Risk Scores in Detection of Vertebral Fractures in a Lung Cancer Screening Cohort. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Feldman D, Tsai F, Garrity AJ, O'Rourke R, Brenan L, Ho P, Gonzalez E, Konermann S, Johannessen CM, Beroukhim R, Bandopadhayay P, Blainey PC. CloneSifter: enrichment of rare clones from heterogeneous cell populations. BMC Biol 2020; 18:177. [PMID: 33234154 PMCID: PMC7687773 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00911-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many biological processes, such as cancer metastasis, organismal development, and acquisition of resistance to cytotoxic therapy, rely on the emergence of rare sub-clones from a larger population. Understanding how the genetic and epigenetic features of diverse clones affect clonal fitness provides insight into molecular mechanisms underlying selective processes. While large-scale barcoding with NGS readout has facilitated cellular fitness assessment at the population level, this approach does not support characterization of clones prior to selection. Single-cell genomics methods provide high biological resolution, but are challenging to scale across large populations to probe rare clones and are destructive, limiting further functional analysis of important clones. RESULTS Here, we develop CloneSifter, a methodology for tracking and enriching rare clones throughout their response to selection. CloneSifter utilizes a CRISPR sgRNA-barcode library that facilitates the isolation of viable cells from specific clones within the barcoded population using a sequence-specific retrieval reporter. We demonstrate that CloneSifter can measure clonal fitness of cancer cell models in vitro and retrieve targeted clones at abundance as low as 1 in 1883 in a heterogeneous cell population. CONCLUSIONS CloneSifter provides a means to track and access specific and rare clones of interest across dynamic changes in population structure to comprehensively explore the basis of these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Feldman
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Physics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - FuNien Tsai
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- , Present address: 10x Genomics, Pleasanton, CA, 94588, USA
| | - Anthony J Garrity
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Present address: Arbor Biotechnologies, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
| | - Ryan O'Rourke
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Present address: Casma Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lisa Brenan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Patricia Ho
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Elizabeth Gonzalez
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Cory M Johannessen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Present address: Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Division of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Pratiti Bandopadhayay
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Paul C Blainey
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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Assetta B, Tang C, Bian J, O'Rourke R, Connolly K, Brickler T, Chetty S, Huang YWA. Generation of Human Neurons and Oligodendrocytes from Pluripotent Stem Cells for Modeling Neuron-Oligodendrocyte Interactions. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 33226027 DOI: 10.3791/61778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders, oligodendroglial failure is a common early pathological feature, but how it contributes to disease development and progression, particularly in the gray matter of the brain, remains largely unknown. The dysfunction of oligodendrocyte lineage cells is hallmarked by deficiencies in myelination and impaired self-renewal of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). These two defects are caused at least in part by the disruption of interactions between neuron and oligodendrocytes along the buildup of pathology. OPCs give rise to myelinating oligodendrocytes during CNS development. In the mature brain cortex, OPCs are the major proliferative cells (comprising ~5% of total brain cells) and control new myelin formation in a neural activity-dependent manner. Such neuron-to-oligodendrocyte communications are significantly understudied, especially in the context of neurodegenerative conditions such as AD, due to the lack of appropriate tools. In recent years, our group and others have made significant progress to improve currently available protocols to generate functional neurons and oligodendrocytes individually from human pluripotent stem cells. In this manuscript, we describe our optimized procedures, including the establishment of a co-culture system to model the neuron-oligodendrocyte connections. Our illustrative results suggest an unexpected contribution from OPCs/oligodendrocytes to the brain amyloidosis and synapse integrity and highlight the utility of this methodology for AD research. This reductionist approach is a powerful tool to dissect the specific hetero-cellular interactions out of the inherent complexity inside the brain. The protocols we describe here are expected to facilitate future studies on oligodendroglial defects in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Assetta
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University
| | - Changyong Tang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University; Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Jing Bian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Ryan O'Rourke
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University
| | - Kevin Connolly
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University
| | - Thomas Brickler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Sundari Chetty
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Yu-Wen Alvin Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University; Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Center for Translational Neuroscience, Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown University;
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8
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Rezvanizadeh V, Nezarat N, Dahal S, Lakshmanan S, Cai A, Onuegbu A, Ahmad K, Ghanem A, Golub I, Birudaraju D, Kinninger A, Andreini D, Pontone G, Conte E, Nakanishi R, O'Rourke R, Hamilton-Craig C, Roy S, Budoff M. Lower Utilization Of Contrast Media And Beta-blocker In 256-detector Ge Revolution Ct Scanner: The Converge Registry. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2020.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Bandopadhayay P, Piccioni F, O'Rourke R, Ho P, Gonzalez EM, Buchan G, Qian K, Gionet G, Girard E, Coxon M, Rees MG, Brenan L, Dubois F, Shapira O, Greenwald NF, Pages M, Balboni Iniguez A, Paolella BR, Meng A, Sinai C, Roti G, Dharia NV, Creech A, Tanenbaum B, Khadka P, Tracy A, Tiv HL, Hong AL, Coy S, Rashid R, Lin JR, Cowley GS, Lam FC, Goodale A, Lee Y, Schoolcraft K, Vazquez F, Hahn WC, Tsherniak A, Bradner JE, Yaffe MB, Milde T, Pfister SM, Qi J, Schenone M, Carr SA, Ligon KL, Kieran MW, Santagata S, Olson JM, Gokhale PC, Jaffe JD, Root DE, Stegmaier K, Johannessen CM, Beroukhim R. Neuronal differentiation and cell-cycle programs mediate response to BET-bromodomain inhibition in MYC-driven medulloblastoma. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2400. [PMID: 31160565 PMCID: PMC6546744 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BET-bromodomain inhibition (BETi) has shown pre-clinical promise for MYC-amplified medulloblastoma. However, the mechanisms for its action, and ultimately for resistance, have not been fully defined. Here, using a combination of expression profiling, genome-scale CRISPR/Cas9-mediated loss of function and ORF/cDNA driven rescue screens, and cell-based models of spontaneous resistance, we identify bHLH/homeobox transcription factors and cell-cycle regulators as key genes mediating BETi's response and resistance. Cells that acquire drug tolerance exhibit a more neuronally differentiated cell-state and expression of lineage-specific bHLH/homeobox transcription factors. However, they do not terminally differentiate, maintain expression of CCND2, and continue to cycle through S-phase. Moreover, CDK4/CDK6 inhibition delays acquisition of resistance. Therefore, our data provide insights about the mechanisms underlying BETi effects and the appearance of resistance and support the therapeutic use of combined cell-cycle inhibitors with BETi in MYC-amplified medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiti Bandopadhayay
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | - Ryan O'Rourke
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | - Patricia Ho
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Gonzalez
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | - Graham Buchan
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | - Kenin Qian
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | - Gabrielle Gionet
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | - Emily Girard
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Margo Coxon
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA
| | | | - Lisa Brenan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | - Frank Dubois
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Division of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Ofer Shapira
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Division of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Noah F Greenwald
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Division of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Melanie Pages
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | - Amanda Balboni Iniguez
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | - Brenton R Paolella
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Division of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Alice Meng
- Division of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Claire Sinai
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Giovanni Roti
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Hematology and BMT, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Neekesh V Dharia
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | | | - Prasidda Khadka
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Adam Tracy
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | - Hong L Tiv
- Experimental Therapeutics Core and Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, USA
| | - Andrew L Hong
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Shannon Coy
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Rumana Rashid
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Jia-Ren Lin
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Glenn S Cowley
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Discovery Science, Janssen Research and Development (Johnson & Johnson), Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Fred C Lam
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, USA
| | - Amy Goodale
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | - Yenarae Lee
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | | | | | - William C Hahn
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | - James E Bradner
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael B Yaffe
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, USA
| | - Till Milde
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- CCU Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Immunology, Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jun Qi
- Division of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | | | | | - Keith L Ligon
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Mark W Kieran
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Division of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - James M Olson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Prafulla C Gokhale
- Experimental Therapeutics Core and Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, USA
| | | | - David E Root
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | - Kimberly Stegmaier
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA.
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA.
- Division of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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Haddara N, Ravid J, Miller E, O'Hagan M, Caracciolo C, O'Rourke R, Pouliot J, Davis S, Rhodes LJ, Miskovic V. Anxious Anticipation Prolongs the Emotion-induced Blindness Effect. J Vis 2018. [DOI: 10.1167/18.10.730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Haddara
- Department of Psychology, SUNY BinghamtonCenter for Affective Science, SUNY Binghamton
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vladimir Miskovic
- Department of Psychology, SUNY BinghamtonCenter for Affective Science, SUNY Binghamton
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Ramkissoon SH, Bandopadhayay P, Hwang J, Ramkissoon LA, Greenwald NF, Schumacher SE, O'Rourke R, Pinches N, Ho P, Malkin H, Sinai C, Filbin M, Plant A, Bi WL, Chang MS, Yang E, Wright KD, Manley PE, Ducar M, Alexandrescu S, Lidov H, Delalle I, Goumnerova LC, Church AJ, Janeway KA, Harris MH, MacConaill LE, Folkerth RD, Lindeman NI, Stiles CD, Kieran MW, Ligon AH, Santagata S, Dubuc AM, Chi SN, Beroukhim R, Ligon KL. Clinical targeted exome-based sequencing in combination with genome-wide copy number profiling: precision medicine analysis of 203 pediatric brain tumors. Neuro Oncol 2018; 19:986-996. [PMID: 28104717 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical genomics platforms are needed to identify targetable alterations, but implementation of these technologies and best practices in routine clinical pediatric oncology practice are not yet well established. Methods Profile is an institution-wide prospective clinical research initiative that uses targeted sequencing to identify targetable alterations in tumors. OncoPanel, a multiplexed targeted exome-sequencing platform that includes 300 cancer-causing genes, was used to assess single nucleotide variants and rearrangements/indels. Alterations were annotated (Tiers 1-4) based on clinical significance, with Tier 1 alterations having well-established clinical utility. OncoCopy, a clinical genome-wide array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) assay, was also performed to evaluate copy number alterations and better define rearrangement breakpoints. Results Cancer genomes of 203 pediatric brain tumors were profiled across histological subtypes, including 117 samples analyzed by OncoPanel, 146 by OncoCopy, and 60 tumors subjected to both methodologies. OncoPanel revealed clinically relevant alterations in 56% of patients (44 cancer mutations and 20 rearrangements), including BRAF alterations that directed the use of targeted inhibitors. Rearrangements in MYB-QKI, MYBL1, BRAF, and FGFR1 were also detected. Furthermore, while copy number profiles differed across histologies, the combined use of OncoPanel and OncoCopy identified subgroup-specific alterations in 89% (17/19) of medulloblastomas. Conclusion The combination of OncoPanel and OncoCopy multiplex genomic assays can identify critical diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment-relevant alterations and represents an effective precision medicine approach for clinical evaluation of pediatric brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakti H Ramkissoon
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pratiti Bandopadhayay
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jaeho Hwang
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lori A Ramkissoon
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Noah F Greenwald
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven E Schumacher
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ryan O'Rourke
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nathan Pinches
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patricia Ho
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hayley Malkin
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Claire Sinai
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mariella Filbin
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ashley Plant
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wenya Linda Bi
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael S Chang
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edward Yang
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Karen D Wright
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter E Manley
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Ducar
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sanda Alexandrescu
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hart Lidov
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ivana Delalle
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Liliana C Goumnerova
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alanna J Church
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine A Janeway
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marian H Harris
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura E MacConaill
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca D Folkerth
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Neal I Lindeman
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles D Stiles
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark W Kieran
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Azra H Ligon
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adrian M Dubuc
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan N Chi
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Keith L Ligon
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Wala JA, Bandopadhayay P, Greenwald NF, O'Rourke R, Sharpe T, Stewart C, Schumacher S, Li Y, Weischenfeldt J, Yao X, Nusbaum C, Campbell P, Getz G, Meyerson M, Zhang CZ, Imielinski M, Beroukhim R. SvABA: genome-wide detection of structural variants and indels by local assembly. Genome Res 2018. [PMID: 29535149 PMCID: PMC5880247 DOI: 10.1101/gr.221028.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Structural variants (SVs), including small insertion and deletion variants (indels), are challenging to detect through standard alignment-based variant calling methods. Sequence assembly offers a powerful approach to identifying SVs, but is difficult to apply at scale genome-wide for SV detection due to its computational complexity and the difficulty of extracting SVs from assembly contigs. We describe SvABA, an efficient and accurate method for detecting SVs from short-read sequencing data using genome-wide local assembly with low memory and computing requirements. We evaluated SvABA's performance on the NA12878 human genome and in simulated and real cancer genomes. SvABA demonstrates superior sensitivity and specificity across a large spectrum of SVs and substantially improves detection performance for variants in the 20–300 bp range, compared with existing methods. SvABA also identifies complex somatic rearrangements with chains of short (<1000 bp) templated-sequence insertions copied from distant genomic regions. We applied SvABA to 344 cancer genomes from 11 cancer types and found that short templated-sequence insertions occur in ∼4% of all somatic rearrangements. Finally, we demonstrate that SvABA can identify sites of viral integration and cancer driver alterations containing medium-sized (50–300 bp) SVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah A Wala
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Bioinformatics and Integrative Genomics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Pratiti Bandopadhayay
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Noah F Greenwald
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ryan O'Rourke
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ted Sharpe
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Chip Stewart
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Steve Schumacher
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Yilong Li
- Seven Bridges Genomics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Joachim Weischenfeldt
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiaotong Yao
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA.,New York Genome Center, New York, New York 10013, USA
| | - Chad Nusbaum
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Peter Campbell
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, United Kingdom.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2XY, United Kingdom
| | - Gad Getz
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Bioinformatics and Integrative Genomics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Bioinformatics and Integrative Genomics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Cheng-Zhong Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Marcin Imielinski
- New York Genome Center, New York, New York 10013, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, and Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Bioinformatics and Integrative Genomics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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13
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Bandopadhayay P, Ramkissoon LA, Jain P, Bergthold G, Wala J, Zeid R, Schumacher SE, Urbanski L, O'Rourke R, Gibson WJ, Pelton K, Ramkissoon SH, Han HJ, Zhu Y, Choudhari N, Silva A, Boucher K, Henn RE, Kang YJ, Knoff D, Paolella BR, Gladden-Young A, Varlet P, Pages M, Horowitz PM, Federation A, Malkin H, Tracy AA, Seepo S, Ducar M, Van Hummelen P, Santi M, Buccoliero AM, Scagnet M, Bowers DC, Giannini C, Puget S, Hawkins C, Tabori U, Klekner A, Bognar L, Burger PC, Eberhart C, Rodriguez FJ, Hill DA, Mueller S, Haas-Kogan DA, Phillips JJ, Santagata S, Stiles CD, Bradner JE, Jabado N, Goren A, Grill J, Ligon AH, Goumnerova L, Waanders AJ, Storm PB, Kieran MW, Ligon KL, Beroukhim R, Resnick AC. MYB-QKI rearrangements in angiocentric glioma drive tumorigenicity through a tripartite mechanism. Nat Genet 2016; 48:273-82. [PMID: 26829751 PMCID: PMC4767685 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Angiocentric gliomas are pediatric low-grade gliomas (PLGGs) without known recurrent genetic drivers. We performed genomic analysis of new and published data from 249 PLGGs including 19 Angiocentric Gliomas. We identified MYB-QKI fusions as a specific and single candidate driver event in Angiocentric Gliomas. In vitro and in vivo functional studies show MYB-QKI rearrangements promote tumorigenesis through three mechanisms: MYB activation by truncation, enhancer translocation driving aberrant MYB-QKI expression, and hemizygous loss of the tumor suppressor QKI. This represents the first example of a single driver rearrangement simultaneously transforming cells via three genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in a tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiti Bandopadhayay
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lori A Ramkissoon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Payal Jain
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Gene Therapy and Vaccines Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Guillaume Bergthold
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department de Cancerologie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent et Unité Mixte de Recherche du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8203 'Vectorologie et Nouvelles Therapeutiques du Cancer', Gustave Roussy, Université Paris XI Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Jeremiah Wala
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rhamy Zeid
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven E Schumacher
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura Urbanski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryan O'Rourke
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William J Gibson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kristine Pelton
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shakti H Ramkissoon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Harry J Han
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yuankun Zhu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Namrata Choudhari
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amanda Silva
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katie Boucher
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rosemary E Henn
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yun Jee Kang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Knoff
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brenton R Paolella
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Pascale Varlet
- Laboratoire de Neuropathologie, Hopital Sainte-Anne, Université Paris V Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Melanie Pages
- Laboratoire de Neuropathologie, Hopital Sainte-Anne, Université Paris V Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Peleg M Horowitz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander Federation
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hayley Malkin
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Sara Seepo
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew Ducar
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul Van Hummelen
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mariarita Santi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Mirko Scagnet
- Neurosurgery Unit, Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniel C Bowers
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Caterina Giannini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephanie Puget
- Departement de Neurochirurgie, Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris V Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- Division of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Uri Tabori
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Almos Klekner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Bognar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Peter C Burger
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Charles Eberhart
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fausto J Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - D Ashley Hill
- Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Pathology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sabine Mueller
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daphne A Haas-Kogan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles D Stiles
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James E Bradner
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nada Jabado
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University and McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alon Goren
- Broad Technology Laboratories, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacques Grill
- Department de Cancerologie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent et Unité Mixte de Recherche du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8203 'Vectorologie et Nouvelles Therapeutiques du Cancer', Gustave Roussy, Université Paris XI Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Azra H Ligon
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Department of Pathology, Center for Advanced Molecular Diagnostics, Division of Cytogenetics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liliana Goumnerova
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Angela J Waanders
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Phillip B Storm
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark W Kieran
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Keith L Ligon
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adam C Resnick
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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14
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Abstract
Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare systemic histiocytic infiltrative disease of unknown aetiology. In radiology it is characterized by symmetrical sclerotic bone lesions predominantly affecting the diaphyses and metaphyses of long bones. Perivascular fibrosis has been reported in the literature as being a feature of this disease and we report one such case that presented with an encased aorta and renal arteries leading to acute renal failure. The diagnosis of ECD was delayed until a biopsy of the retroperitoneal infiltrate was performed. Further imaging with fluorine 18 deoxyglucose positron emission tomography, bone scintigraphy, plain films of the long bones and CT of the chest, abdomen and pelvis were performed to assess the extent of the patient's systemic disease involvement. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of ECD presenting with acute renal failure secondary to bilateral occlusion of the renal arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- R O'Rourke
- Radiology Department, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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15
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Abstract
2-Deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate ketol-isomerase (EC 2.6.1.16) forms glucosamine-6-phosphate and glutamate from fructose-6-phosphate and glutamine and plays an important role in chitin synthesis in fungi. We have established a new assay for fungal ketol-isomerase activity that is amenable to high throughput screening to identify enzyme inhibitors. Aspergillus fumigatus crude lysate was incubated with substrates and after incubation, reactions were terminated. Glutamate dehydrogenase, nitro blue tetrazolium chloride, phenazine methosulfate and beta-NAD were added and the amount of glutamate formed by ketol-isomerase activity was determined by measuring OD585nm. A feedback inhibitor, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, of fungal ketol-isomerase was successfully detected by this assay (IC50=0.48 mM). In a pilot scale screening, an active extract from an extremophilic bacterium was found, and the extract showed antifungal activity against A. fumigatus, Candida albicans and C. glabrata.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nakata
- Discovery Laboratories, Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd. Japan
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16
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Bridgett M, Cetkovic-Cvrlje M, O'Rourke R, Shi Y, Narayanswami S, Lambert J, Ramiya V, Baekkeskov S, Leiter EH. Differential protection in two transgenic lines of NOD/Lt mice hyperexpressing the autoantigen GAD65 in pancreatic beta-cells. Diabetes 1998; 47:1848-56. [PMID: 9836515 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.47.12.1848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Although expressed at very low levels in islets of NOD mice, GAD65 is a candidate islet autoantigen. Two transgenic lines of NOD/Lt mice expressing high levels of human GAD65 from a rat insulin promoter were generated. Transgenes were integrated on proximal chromosome 15 of the A line and on the Y chromosome of the Y line. Transgenic A-line mice were obligate hemizygotes, since homozygous expression resulted in developmental lethality. A twofold higher level of hGAD65 transcripts in A-line islets from young donors was associated with higher GAD protein and enzyme activity levels. Y-line males developed diabetes at a similar rate and incidence as standard NOD/Lt males. In contrast, A-line mice of both sexes exhibited a markedly lowered incidence of diabetes. Insulitis, present in both transgenic lines, developed more slowly in A-line mice and correlated with a reduction in the ratio of gamma-interferon to interleukin-10 transcripts. Splenic leukocytes from young A-line donors transferred diabetes into NOD-scid recipients at a retarded rate compared with those from nontransgenic donors. Further, nontransgenic NOD T-cells transferred diabetes more slowly in NOD-scid recipients that were congenic for A-line transgenes as compared with standard NOD-scid recipients. Primed T-cell responses and spontaneous humoral reactivity to GAD65 failed to distinguish transgenic from nontransgenic mice. Quantitative differences in expression level or insertional mutagenesis are possible mechanisms of protection in the A line.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bridgett
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA
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17
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Fox AW, Sullivan BW, Buffini JD, Neichin ML, Nicora R, Hoehler FK, O'Rourke R, Stoltz RR. Reduction of serum lactate by sodium dichloroacetate, and human pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1996; 279:686-93. [PMID: 8930172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) or placebo, two infusions 30 min in duration and 8 h apart, was administered to healthy subjects under double-blind conditions. The objectives were to characterize accurately the tolerability of DCA, its pharmacokinetics, and the reduction of resting serum lactate concentration by DCA. A hybrid, one-compartment pharmacokinetic model fitted best, with zero-order elimination mean of 27.9 micrograms/ml/h at concentrations above about 80 to 120 micrograms/ml, and with first-order elimination (mean kelim = 0.54) at lower serum concentrations of DCA. Resting serum lactate was dose-independently, maximally reduced within 15 min of the end of all active infusions. The duration of suppression of resting serum lactate was dose-dependent, from 4.5 h (30 mg/kg) to > 8 h (100 mg/kg). Second infusions (15-50 mg/kg) again promptly and maximally reduced resting serum lactate. Hysteresis loops were asymmetrical for all doses but exhibited change in shape that was dose-dependent; no good pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model could be fitted that was consistent between doses. Infusions were well tolerated, 100 mg/kg + 50 mg/kg being the highest doses. Somnolence, the only dose-related adverse event, was reported by 3 of 37 subjects at times corresponding to the highest serum DCA concentrations. This study demonstrates the tolerability of i.v. DCA, proposes a simple pharmacokinetic model for its elimination, characterizes the dose-response relationship in terms of time course of effect, shows the dissociation between elimination of DCA and offset of response and will guide further studies of DCA in patients with head injury or stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Fox
- Drug Development Division, Cypros Pharmaceutical Corporation, Carlsbad, California, USA
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26
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Meeker TC, Grimaldi JC, O'Rourke R, Louie E, Juliusson G, Einhorn S. An additional breakpoint region in the BCL-1 locus associated with the t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation of B-lymphocytic malignancy. Blood 1989; 74:1801-6. [PMID: 2790203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation is associated with human B-lymphocytic malignancy. This translocation divides the IgH locus on chromosome 14q32 and may activate a postulated proto-oncogene, bcl-1, located on chromosome 11q13. Two samples of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with the t(11;14)(q32;q13) translocation were studied. The break in one sample was shown to join Jh sequences with the previously described bcl-1 major translocation cluster. DNA blots of the second sample suggested that Jh sequences were joined to a different breakpoint region on chromosome 11. This translocation was cloned and found to link the human Jh3 region and a new breakpoint region 63 kb telomeric of the major translocation cluster. This translocation occurred in part as the result of an aberrant D-J recombination. Recurrent translocations human B-lymphocytic malignancy. The definition of a new breakpoint region may aid the identification of the postulated bcl-1 gene.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Cell Line
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Genes, Immunoglobulin
- Genomic Library
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Proto-Oncogene Mas
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Restriction Mapping
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Meeker
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
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27
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Ernst TJ, Ritchie AR, O'Rourke R, Griffin JD. Colony-stimulating factor gene expression in human acute myeloblastic leukemia cells is posttranscriptionally regulated. Leukemia 1989; 3:620-5. [PMID: 2474730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Normal human myeloid cells require certain colony stimulating factors (CSFs) for growth and differentiation. These CSFs are normally produced exogenously by accessory cells. However, human acute myeloid leukemia cells have been found, in certain instances, to have constitutive, endogenous production of one or more of these CSFs. In order to address the molecular basis of this apparently anomalous production of CSFs, we studied granulocyte-, monocyte-, and granulocyte/monocyte colony stimulating factor gene expression, gene structure, transcription rate, message stability, and message inducibility in human acute myeloid leukemia samples. CSF gene expression by Northern analysis was variable from no transcripts detectable to transcripts present for all three CSFs. No CSF gene structure abnormalities were detected by Southern blot analysis. Nuclear run-on assays found ongoing and relatively uniform CSF gene transcription irrespective of the levels of CSF expression detected by Northern analysis. However, the stability of the CSF transcripts appeared to correlate with the level detected on Northern blots. Despite the apparent similarity in the regulation of these CSFs to that seen in mature monocytes, the inducibility of the expression of these CSFs was found to differ significantly from that seen in these mature myeloid cells. Taken together, these results suggest that the expression of CSF genes in human myeloid leukemias is primarily mediated through posttranscriptional mechanisms. These mechanisms are separate for each of the CSFs and apparently different from that found in normal blood monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Ernst
- Department of Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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28
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Meeker TC, Grimaldi JC, O'Rourke R, Loeb J, Juliusson G, Einhorn S. Lack of detectable somatic hypermutation in the V region of the Ig H chain gene of a human chronic B lymphocytic leukemia. J Immunol 1988; 141:3994-8. [PMID: 3141510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal human B cell tumors are a model system for the study of somatic hypermutation of the Ig genes of humans. It was previously shown that a number of B cell lymphomas exhibited striking V region point mutation, hypothesized to result from the somatic hypermutation mechanism. In this study we have extended the analysis to chronic lymphocytic leukemia. We have cloned and sequenced the productive Vh representing five different cells from a monoclonal chronic lymphocytic leukemia. All five Vh sequences were identical. Therefore, the Vh region in this leukemia was not the subject of detectable somatic mutation. These data suggest that chronic lymphocytic leukemia might lack the mechanism for somatic hypermutation and represent a stage of normal B lymphocyte differentiation in which the somatic hypermutation mechanism is not active.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Southern
- Cloning, Molecular
- Genes, Immunoglobulin
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/isolation & purification
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/classification
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation
- Phenotype
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Meeker
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94121
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Meeker TC, Grimaldi JC, O'Rourke R, Loeb J, Juliusson G, Einhorn S. Lack of detectable somatic hypermutation in the V region of the Ig H chain gene of a human chronic B lymphocytic leukemia. The Journal of Immunology 1988. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.141.11.3994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Monoclonal human B cell tumors are a model system for the study of somatic hypermutation of the Ig genes of humans. It was previously shown that a number of B cell lymphomas exhibited striking V region point mutation, hypothesized to result from the somatic hypermutation mechanism. In this study we have extended the analysis to chronic lymphocytic leukemia. We have cloned and sequenced the productive Vh representing five different cells from a monoclonal chronic lymphocytic leukemia. All five Vh sequences were identical. Therefore, the Vh region in this leukemia was not the subject of detectable somatic mutation. These data suggest that chronic lymphocytic leukemia might lack the mechanism for somatic hypermutation and represent a stage of normal B lymphocyte differentiation in which the somatic hypermutation mechanism is not active.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Meeker
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94121
| | - J C Grimaldi
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94121
| | - R O'Rourke
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94121
| | - J Loeb
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94121
| | - G Juliusson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94121
| | - S Einhorn
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94121
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Pratt CM, O'Rourke R. Application and interpretation of submaximal exercise testing and ambulatory ECG recordings in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Chest 1988. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.93.1.29s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Pratt CM, O'Rourke R. Application and interpretation of submaximal exercise testing and ambulatory ECG recordings in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Chest 1988; 93:29S-32S. [PMID: 3335176 DOI: 10.1378/chest.93.1_supplement.29s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C M Pratt
- Coronary Care Unit, Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
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Rahimtoola SH, Zipes DP, Akhtar M, Burchell H, Mason J, Myerburg R, O'Rourke R, Ruskin J, Schlant R, Surawicz B. Consensus statement of the Conference on the State of the Art of Electrophysiologic Testing in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Cardiac Arrhythmias. Circulation 1987; 75:III3-11. [PMID: 3829359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Roeske WR, Savage RM, O'Rourke R, Bloor CM. Myocardial infarction. How representative are autopsied subjects with this clinical entity? Arch Pathol Lab Med 1981; 105:642-6. [PMID: 6895452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We documented the differences in clinical features between 86 autopsied and 54 nonautopsied subjects who died of myocardial infarction to ascertain any bias that might be present in use of postmortem data. More than 200 historical, clinical, noninvasive, and hemodynamic aspects were compared. Of noninvasive aspects examined in all subjects, only 13 had significant differences (by chi 2 or unpaired t tests) between autopsied and nonautopsied subjects. However, there had been greater impairment of vital signs and hemodynamic aspects during early hospitalization in the autopsied vs the nonautopsied subjects. Further, the one-month survival rate was lower in autopsied subjects (31% vs 72%; P less than .01). We conclude that patients in severe congestive heart failure or shock and, presumably, with relatively large or complicated myocardial infarcts are more likely to die early and be autopsied. Those with better cardiac function live longer, and often die after having been released from the initial hospitalization; these subjects, presumably with smaller and uncomplicated infarcts, do not undergo autopsy. Before correlating pathological and clinical data from subjects with acute myocardial infarction, it is important to carefully analyze bias inherent in the selection of subjects to undergo autopsy.
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Righetti A, Crawford M, Schelbert H, Henning H, O'Rourke R, Ashburn W, Ross J. [The perioperative myocardial infarct after aortocoronary bypass]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1977; 107:1596-7. [PMID: 303375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two sets of criteria are developed for the diagnosis of perioperative myocardial infarction: 1) new, persistent Q waves and either an elevated 48-hour MB-CPK area or a positive pyrophosphate scan, 2) severe ischemic ST-T wave changes and both elevated MB-CPK area and a positive scan.
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Higgins CB, Roeske WR, Karliner JS, O'Rourke R, Berk RN. Predictive factors and mechanism of arrhythmias and myocardial ischaemic changes in elderly patients during barium enema. Br J Radiol 1976; 49:1023-7. [PMID: 1000170 DOI: 10.1259/0007-1285-49-588-1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of significant arrhythmias and ST segment changes during barium enema examination (BE) was evaluated by Holter monitoring of 58 unselected patients over the age of 60 years. Forty percent of the group developed new significant arrhythmias of which the most common were frequent and/or multifocal premature ventricular contractions. Seven percent demonstrated ST segment depression. Administration of glucagon did not diminish the incidence of arrhythmias. Predictive factors for ECG abnormalities were advancing age, abnormal pre-BE-ECG, and pre-BE orthostatic hypotension. Analysis of arhythmias and response to phywiologic tension. Analysis of arrhythmias and response to physiologic manoeuvres suggested that the abnormalities were related to increased sympathetic tone which may be intensified by hypovolaemia resulting from routine bowel preparation.
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Sahn DJ, Terry R, O'Rourke R, Leopold G, Friedman WF. Multiple crystal cross-sectional echocardiography in the diagnosis of cyanotic congenital heart disease. Circulation 1974; 50:230-8. [PMID: 4846630 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.50.2.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A new multiple crystal echocardiographic system was used to assess cross-sectional cardiac anatomy in real time in fifty infants and children with cyanotic heart disease, and the findings were compared to normals. Four standard transducer positions were employed to evaluate sagittal and transverse cardiac cross-sections. Studies in patients with tetralogy of Fallot demonstrated an enlarged aorta overriding the septum with preservation of mitral-aortic continuity. In the absence of pulmonary atresia the main pulmonary artery could be identified in all of these patients. The diagnosis of
d
-transposition of the great vessels was established by viewing great vessel orientation in transverse section at the second intercostal space and observing a rightward and anteriorly placed great artery. In sagittal projections a retrosternal aorta and mitral-pulmonic continuity was observed. In one patient with
d
-transposition, apposition in systole of the ventricular septum and anterior leaflet of the mitral valve was identified as the cause of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Descriptions are provided of the findings in patients with
l
-transposition, double outlet right ventricle, and truncus arteriosus. The new multiscan method allows a substantially more precise determination of intra- and extra-cardiac spatial relationships than single crystal techniques. Multiscan echocardiography is safe, widely applicable, and provides clinically important information to assist in the diagnosis and management of infants and children with cyanotic heart disease.
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Abstract
A prototype multiple crystal echocardiographic system developed by Bom and associates was used to evaluate cross-sectional cardiac anatomy in real time in twenty infants and children with endocardial cushion defect (ECD). The findings were compared to fifty normal infants and children and nineteen patients with normal mitral valve anatomy but right ventricular enlargement (RVE). Three standard transducer positions for evaluation of sagittal and transverse cardiac cross-sections are outlined and the normal group and RVE subgroup described. Studies in patients with ECD demonstrated several distinctive abnormalities, consisting of multiple echoes in the mitral valve area, anterior mitral leaflet - septal apposition in diastole with reduced posterior motion in systole, and reduced excursion of the anterior mitral leaflet. In patients with complete atrioventricular (A-V) canal defects, the anterior leaflet was often observed passing across the plane of the ventricular septum into the right ventricle during diastole, and in some of these patients the anterior mitral leaflet was related to the tricuspid annulus. Multiple crystal cardiac ultrasonography allows a more precise determination of intra- and extracardiac spatial relationships and is easier to perform than single crystal echo. The new technique provides clinical information helpful in evaluating patients with possible ECD and gives some indication of the severity of the defect.
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