1
|
Abstract
We present the first detections of CH3SH, C3H+, C3N, HCOOH, CH2CHCN, and H2CN in an extragalactic source. Namely the spiral arm of a galaxy located at z = 0.89 on the line of sight to the radio-loud quasar PKS 1830-211. OCS, SO2, and NH2CN were also detected, raising the total number of molecular species identified in that early time galaxy to 54, not counting isotopologues. The detections were made in absorption against the SW quasar image, at 2 kpc from the galaxy centre, over the course of a Q band spectral line survey made with the Yebes 40 m telescope (rest-frame frequencies: 58.7-93.5 GHz). We derived the rotational temperatures and column densities of those species, which are found to be subthermally excited. The molecular abundances, and in particular the large abundances of C3H+ and of several previously reported cations, are characteristic of diffuse or translucent clouds with enhanced UV radiation or strong shocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Tercero
- Observatorio Astronómico Nacional (OAN-IGN). Calle Alfonso XII, 3, E-28014 Madrid, Spain
- Observatorio de Yebes (IGN). Cerro de la Palera s/n, E-19141 Yebes, Guadalajara, Spain
| | - J Cernicharo
- Instituto de Física Fundamental (IFF-CSIC). Calle Serrano 123, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Cuadrado
- Instituto de Física Fundamental (IFF-CSIC). Calle Serrano 123, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - P de Vicente
- Observatorio de Yebes (IGN). Cerro de la Palera s/n, E-19141 Yebes, Guadalajara, Spain
| | - M Guélin
- Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique, 300 rue de la Piscine, 38406 Saint Martin d'Hères, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cuadrado S, Salas P, Goicoechea JR, Cernicharo J, Tielens AGGM, Báez-Rubio A. Direct estimation of electron density in the Orion Bar PDR from mm-wave carbon recombination lines. Astron Astrophys 2019; 625:10.1051/0004-6361/201935556. [PMID: 31186576 PMCID: PMC6558286 DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201935556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT A significant fraction of the molecular gas in star-forming regions is irradiated by stellar UV photons. In these environments, the electron density (n e) plays a critical role in the gas dynamics, chemistry, and collisional excitation of certain molecules. AIMS We determine n e in the prototypical strongly irradiated photodissociation region (PDR), the Orion Bar, from the detection of new millimeter-wave carbon recombination lines (mmCRLs) and existing far-IR [13Cii] hyperfine line observations. METHODS We detect 12 mmCRLs (including α, β, and γ transitions) observed with the IRAM 30m telescope, at ~ 25″ angular resolution, toward the H/H2 dissociation front (DF) of the Bar. We also present a mmCRL emission cut across the PDR. RESULTS These lines trace the C+/C/CO gas transition layer. As the much lower frequency carbon radio recombination lines, mmCRLs arise from neutral PDR gas and not from ionized gas in the adjacent Hii region. This is readily seen from their narrow line profiles (Δv = 2.6 ± 0.4 km s-1) and line peak velocities (ν LSR = +10.7 ± 0.2 km s-1). Optically thin [13Cii] hyperfine lines and molecular lines - emitted close to the DF by trace species such as reactive ions CO+ and HOC+ - show the same line profiles. We use non-LTE excitation models of [13Cii] and mmCRLs and derive n e = 60 - 100 cm-3 and T e = 500 - 600 K toward the DF. CONCLUSIONS The inferred electron densities are high, up to an order of magnitude higher than previously thought. They provide a lower limit to the gas thermal pressure at the PDR edge without using molecular tracers. We obtain P th ≥ (2 - 4)·108 cm-3 K assuming that the electron abundance is equal to or lower than the gas-phase elemental abundance of carbon. Such elevated thermal pressures leave little room for magnetic pressure support and agree with a scenario in which the PDR photoevaporates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Cuadrado
- Instituto de Física Fundamental (IFF-CSIC). Calle Serrano
121-123, E28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - P. Salas
- Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, NL-2300 RA
Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J. R. Goicoechea
- Instituto de Física Fundamental (IFF-CSIC). Calle Serrano
121-123, E28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Cernicharo
- Instituto de Física Fundamental (IFF-CSIC). Calle Serrano
121-123, E28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. G. G. M. Tielens
- Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, NL-2300 RA
Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A. Báez-Rubio
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Ctra. de Torrejón
a Ajalvir, km 4, E28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tercero B, Cuadrado S, López A, Brouillet N, Despois D, Cernicharo J. Chemical segregation of complex organic O-bearing species in Orion KL. Astron Astrophys 2018; 620:L6. [PMID: 31031406 PMCID: PMC6485672 DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201834417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the chemical segregation of complex O-bearing species (including the largest and most complex ones detected to date in space) towards Orion KL, the closest high-mass star-forming region. The molecular line images obtained using the ALMA science verification data reveal a clear segregation of chemically related species depending on their different functional groups. We map the emission of 13CH3OH, HCOOCH3, CH3OCH3, CH2OCH2, CH3COOCH3, HCOOCH2CH3, CH3CH2OCH3, HCOOH, OHCH2CH2OH, CH3COOH, CH3CH2OH, CH3OCH2OH, OHCH2CHO, and CH3COCH3 with ~1.5″ angular resolution and provide molecular abundances of these species toward different gas components of this region. We disentangle the emission of these species in the different Orion components by carefully selecting lines free of blending and opacity effects. Possible effects in the molecular spatial distribution due to residual blendings and different excitation conditions are also addressed. We find that while species containing the C-O-C group, i.e. an ether group, exhibit their peak emission and higher abundance towards the compact ridge, the hot core south is the component where species containing a hydroxyl group (-OH) bound to a carbon atom (C-O-H) present their emission peak and higher abundance. This finding allows us to propose methoxy (CH3O-) and hydroxymethyl (-CH2OH) radicals as the major drivers of the chemistry in the compact ridge and the hot core south, respectively, as well as different evolutionary stages and prevailing physical processes in the different Orion components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Tercero
- Observatorio Astronómico Nacional (OAN-IGN). Calle Alfonso XII, 3, E-28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Cuadrado
- Instituto de Física Fundamental (IFF-CSIC). Calle Serrano 123, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - A López
- Instituto de Física Fundamental (IFF-CSIC). Calle Serrano 123, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - N Brouillet
- Laboratoire d'astrophysique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, B18N, alle Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac, France
| | - D Despois
- Laboratoire d'astrophysique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, B18N, alle Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac, France
| | - J Cernicharo
- Instituto de Física Fundamental (IFF-CSIC). Calle Serrano 123, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
We investigate the presence of complex organic molecules (COMs) in strongly UV-irradiated interstellar molecular gas. We have carried out a complete millimetre (mm) line survey using the IRAM 30 m telescope towards the edge of the Orion Bar photodissociation region (PDR), close to the H2 dissociation front, a position irradiated by a very intense far-UV (FUV) radiation field. These observations have been complemented with 8.5″ resolution maps of the H2CO JKa,Kc = 51,5 → 41,4 and C18O J = 3 → 2 emission at 0.9 mm. Despite being a harsh environment, we detect more than 250 lines from COMs and related precursors: H2CO, CH3OH, HCO, H2CCO, CH3CHO, H2CS, HCOOH, CH3CN, CH2NH, HNCO, [Formula: see text] and HC3N (in decreasing order of abundance). For each species, the large number of detected lines allowed us to accurately constrain their rotational temperatures (Trot) and column densities (N). Owing to subthermal excitation and intricate spectroscopy of some COMs (symmetric- and asymmetric-top molecules such as CH3CN and H2CO, respectively), a correct determination of N and Trot requires building rotational population diagrams of their rotational ladders separately. The inferred column densities are in the 1011 - 1013cm-2 range. We also provide accurate upper limit abundances for chemically related molecules that might have been expected, but are not conclusively detected at the edge of the PDR (HDCO, CH3O, CH3NC, CH3CCH, CH3OCH3, HCOOCH3, CH3CH2OH, CH3CH2CN, and CH2CHCN). A non-thermodynamic equilibrium excitation analysis for molecules with known collisional rate coefficients suggests that some COMs arise from different PDR layers but we cannot resolve them spatially. In particular, H2CO and CH3CN survive in the extended gas directly exposed to the strong FUV flux (Tk = 150 - 250 K and Td ≳ 60 K), whereas CH3OH only arises from denser and cooler gas clumps in the more shielded PDR interior (Tk = 40 - 50 K). The non-detection of HDCO towards the PDR edge is consistent with the minor role of pure gas-phase deuteration at very high temperatures. We find a HCO/H2CO/CH3OH ≃ 1/5/3 abundance ratio. These ratios are different from those inferred in hot cores and shocks. Taking into account the elevated gas and dust temperatures at the edge of the Bar (mostly mantle-free grains), we suggest the following scenarios for the formation of COMs: (i) hot gas-phase reactions not included in current models; (ii) warm grain-surface chemistry; or (iii) the PDR dynamics is such that COMs or precursors formed in cold icy grains deeper inside the molecular cloud desorb and advect into the PDR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Cuadrado
- Grupo de Astrofísica Molecular. Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - J R Goicoechea
- Grupo de Astrofísica Molecular. Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Cernicharo
- Grupo de Astrofísica Molecular. Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Fuente
- Observatorio Astronómico Nacional, Apdo. 112, 28803 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Pety
- Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), 300 rue de la Piscine, F-38406 Saint Martin d'Hères, France
- LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS UMR 8112, École Normale Supérieure, PSL research university, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - B Tercero
- Grupo de Astrofísica Molecular. Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
As many organic molecules, formic acid (HCOOH) has two conformers (trans and cis). The energy barrier to internal conversion from trans to cis is much higher than the thermal energy available in molecular clouds. Thus, only the most stable conformer (trans) is expected to exist in detectable amounts. We report the first interstellar detection of cis-HCOOH. Its presence in ultraviolet (UV) irradiated gas exclusively (the Orion Bar photodissociation region), with a low trans-to-cis abundance ratio of 2.8 ± 1.0, supports a photoswitching mechanism: a given conformer absorbs a stellar photon that radiatively excites the molecule to electronic states above the interconversion barrier. Subsequent fluorescent decay leaves the molecule in a different conformer form. This mechanism, which we specifically study with ab initio quantum calculations, was not considered in Space before but likely induces structural changes of a variety of interstellar molecules submitted to UV radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Cuadrado
- Grupo de Astrofísica Molecular. Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - J R Goicoechea
- Grupo de Astrofísica Molecular. Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - O Roncero
- Instituto de Física Fundamental (IFF-CSIC). Calle Serrano 123, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Aguado
- Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad Asociada de Química-Física Aplicada CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Tercero
- Grupo de Astrofísica Molecular. Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Cernicharo
- Grupo de Astrofísica Molecular. Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Goicoechea JR, Teyssier D, Etxaluze M, Goldsmith PF, Ossenkopf V, Gerin M, Bergin EA, Black JH, Cernicharo J, Cuadrado S, Encrenaz P, Falgarone E, Fuente A, Hacar A, Lis DC, Marcelino N, Melnick GJ, Müller HSP, Persson C, Pety J, Röllig M, Schilke P, Simon R, Snell RL, Stutzki J. VELOCITY-RESOLVED [C ii] EMISSION AND [C ii]/FIR MAPPING ALONG ORION WITH HERSCHEL.. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 812. [PMID: 26568638 DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/812/1/75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We present the first ~7.5'×11.5' velocity-resolved (~0.2 km s-1) map of the [C ii] 158 μm line toward the Orion molecular cloud 1 (OMC 1) taken with the Herschel/HIFI instrument. In combination with far-infrared (FIR) photometric images and velocity-resolved maps of the H41α hydrogen recombination and CO J=2-1 lines, this data set provides an unprecedented view of the intricate small-scale kinematics of the ionized/PDR/molecular gas interfaces and of the radiative feedback from massive stars. The main contribution to the [C ii] luminosity (~85 %) is from the extended, FUV-illuminated face of the cloud (G0>500, nH>5×103 cm-3) and from dense PDRs (G≳104, nH≳105 cm-3) at the interface between OMC 1 and the H ii region surrounding the Trapezium cluster. Around ~15 % of the [C ii] emission arises from a different gas component without CO counterpart. The [C ii] excitation, PDR gas turbulence, line opacity (from [13C ii]) and role of the geometry of the illuminating stars with respect to the cloud are investigated. We construct maps of the L[C ii]/LFIR and LFIR/MGas ratios and show that L[C ii]/LFIR decreases from the extended cloud component (~10-2-10-3) to the more opaque star-forming cores (~10-3-10-4). The lowest values are reminiscent of the "[C ii] deficit" seen in local ultra-luminous IR galaxies hosting vigorous star formation. Spatial correlation analysis shows that the decreasing L[C ii]/LFIR ratio correlates better with the column density of dust through the molecular cloud than with LFIR/MGas. We conclude that the [C ii] emitting column relative to the total dust column along each line of sight is responsible for the observed L[C ii]/LFIR variations through the cloud.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier R Goicoechea
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (CSIC). Calle Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Teyssier
- Herschel Science Centre, ESA/ESAC, P.O. Box 78, Villanueva de la Cañada, E-28691 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Etxaluze
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (CSIC). Calle Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain ; RAL Space, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - P F Goldsmith
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099, USA
| | - V Ossenkopf
- I. Physikalisches Institut der Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - M Gerin
- LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, F-75014, Paris, France ; École Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - E A Bergin
- Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 500 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - J H Black
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, SE-43992 Onsala, Sweden
| | - J Cernicharo
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (CSIC). Calle Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Cuadrado
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (CSIC). Calle Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Encrenaz
- LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - E Falgarone
- LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, F-75014, Paris, France ; École Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - A Fuente
- Observatorio Astronómico Nacional (OAN IGN), Apdo. 112, 28803, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - A Hacar
- Institute for Astrophysics, University of Vienna, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, 1180, Vienna, Austria
| | - D C Lis
- LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - N Marcelino
- INAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia, via P. Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - G J Melnick
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, MS 66, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - H S P Müller
- I. Physikalisches Institut der Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - C Persson
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, SE-43992 Onsala, Sweden
| | - J Pety
- Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique, 300 rue de la Piscine, 38406 Saint-Martin d'Héeres, France
| | - M Röllig
- I. Physikalisches Institut der Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - P Schilke
- I. Physikalisches Institut der Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - R Simon
- I. Physikalisches Institut der Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - R L Snell
- Department of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, LGRT-B 619E, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - J Stutzki
- I. Physikalisches Institut der Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937 Köln, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
de Oca J, Cuadrado S, Vallet J, Benasco C, Martín E, Ardanuy C, Closa D, Hotter G, Jaurrieta E. Protective effects of lazaroid U74389G on intestinal graft after heterotopic small bowel transplantation in rats. J Surg Res 1998; 75:18-23. [PMID: 9614851 DOI: 10.1006/jsre.1997.5244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental studies have shown that 21-aminosteroids (21-A) are powerful inhibitors of superoxide-mediated iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. This study was aimed at determining how far the blocking effect of one of these substances (lazaroid U74389G) on lipid peroxidation protects intestinal grafts morphologically and biologically in a heterotopic transplant model (SBT) in rats. ANIMALS AND METHODS Heterotopic LEW were performed using Ringer lactate (4 degrees C) as preservation solution. In Group 1 (n = 7) the donor and recipient animals received 3 and 6 mg/kg of the 21-A U74389G, respectively. Group 2 (n = 7) received the same doses of the vehicle of the drug. Sham group underwent only a laparotomy. Bacterial translocation (BT) was determined in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), liver (L), and spleen (S) 60 min after reperfusion. Tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and percentage conversion xanthine dehydrogenase/xanthine oxidase (XD/XO) were also determined in the ileal graft. Histological damage was graded according to Park's classification. RESULTS Tissue MDA (nmol/mg prot) was significantly lower in Group 1 (0.53 +/- 0.09) than in Group 2 (3.66 +/- 1, P < 0.05) and showed levels similar to those of the sham-operated group (0.40 +/- 0.05). Injury grades were also significantly different in both study groups (Group 1, 0-1; Group 2, 2-3, P < 0.05). BT (log CFU/g tissue) in Group 1 were MLN, 0; L, 0.36; and S, 0. In Group 2, MLN, 1.07; L, 0.81; and S, 1.49 (P < 0.05 in MLN). Increase in MPO activity (U/g prot) in comparison with sham-operated animals was similar in the two study groups (Group 1, 1.49 +/- 0.58; Group 2, 1.22 +/- 0.46; Sham, 0.34 +/- 0.37 (P < 0.05 1,2 vs sham). Conversion of XD to XO was unaffected by the supplementation of the drug. CONCLUSION 21A U74389G inhibits lipid peroxidation, protects intestinal graft, and reduces BT after heterotopic SBT in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J de Oca
- Department of Surgery, C.S.U.B. Hospital Prínceps d'Espanya, University of Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
de Oca J, Vallet J, Cuadrado S, Bettónica C, Martín E, González R, Ardanuy C. 21-Aminosteroid U-74389G (lazaroid) inhibits bacterial translocation after small bowel transplantation in rats. Transplant Proc 1997; 29:1803. [PMID: 9142278 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(97)00074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J de Oca
- Department of Surgery, CSUB Hospital Principes de España, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
de Oca J, Bettonica C, Cuadrado S, Vallet J, Martín E, Garcia A, Montañés T, Jaurrieta E. Effect of oral supplementation of ornithine-alpha-ketoglutarate on the intestinal barrier after orthotopic small bowel transplantation. Transplantation 1997; 63:636-9. [PMID: 9075830 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199703150-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the possible protective effects of a glutamine and arginine precursor (ornithine-alpha-ketoglutarate [OKG]) on the mucosa of a transplanted intestine when administered with either a defined formula oral diet (DFD) or a standard chow. Isogenic male Lewis rats (250 g) were submitted to a laparotomy (groups 1 and 2) or to an orthotopic small bowel transplantation (SBT; groups 3-6). Groups 1, 3, and 5 received a DFD 14 days after surgery. Groups 2, 4, and 6 received standard chow. In addition, groups 5 and 6 received a daily oral supplementation of 1.4 g/kg of OKG. Weight changes and food intake were recorded daily. At the end of the study, bacterial translocation (BT) was measured in mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, and spleen. The protein/DNA index was also determined in intestinal mucosa. SBT induced BT in all transplanted groups, especially in those fed DFD. Addition of OKG (groups 5 and 6) significantly reduced BT in comparison with groups 3 and 4 and improved the protein/DNA index as well as weight gain. It is concluded that OKG supplementation protects the intestinal barrier after SBT, and that this effect is more marked when it is added to a standard chow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J de Oca
- Department of Surgery, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
de Oca J, Bettonica C, Cuadrado S, Vallet J, Montañés T, Martín E. Protective effects of ornithin-alpha-ketoglutarate supplementation on intestinal mucosa after orthotopic small bowel transplantation. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:2657. [PMID: 8907996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J de Oca
- C.S.U.B., Department of Surgery, Hospital Princeps d'Espanya, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
De Oca J, Vallet J, Bettonica C, García A, Montañés T, Castells A, Cuadrado S, Mercadal M, Fiol C. Influence of liquid preservation on lipid peroxidation and bacterial permeability after small bowel transplantation. Transplant Proc 1995; 27:2382-3. [PMID: 7652846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J De Oca
- Unitat de Recerca Experimental, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bettonica C, de Oca J, Vallet J, Montañés T, Ardanuy C, Martí Ragué J, Cuadrado S, Fiol C. Nutrition after small bowel transplantation: effects of oral supplementation with ornithine-alpha-ketoglutarate. Transplant Proc 1995; 27:2407-8. [PMID: 7652854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Bettonica
- Unitat de Recerca Experimental, Universitaria de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|