1
|
Syba J, Trnkova K, Dostalova L, Votava M, Lukesova E, Novak S, Kana M, Tesarova M, Zabrodsky M, Plzak J, Lukes P. Comparison of narrow-band imaging with autofluorescence imaging for endoscopic detection of squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 280:5073-5080. [PMID: 37464156 PMCID: PMC10562293 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-08111-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early detection of mucosal neoplastic lesions is crucial for a patient's prognosis. This has led to the development of effective optical endoscopic diagnostic methods such as narrow band imaging (NBI) and autofluorescence (AFI). Independent of each other, both of these methods were proven useful in the detection of mucosal neoplasias. There are limited reported data comparing both methods for oropharyngeal cancer diagnostics. The aim of the study was to compare NBI and AFI endoscopic visualization of signs in identifying tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and assessing its extent and to determine whether the score was related to the evaluator's experience. METHODS Patients with tonsillar SCC underwent endoscopic pharyngeal examination using NBI and AFI. Fiftyseven video sequences of examinations of lesions proven to be SCC were evaluated by three reviewers. The accuracy of determination of lesion extent and visualization of its endoscopic signs of malignancy were evaluated. RESULTS Endoscopic visualization of tumour spread was significantly better using AFI than NBI (p = 0.0003). No significant difference was found between NBI and AFI in the visualization of endoscopic malignancy determining signs (p = 0.1405). No significant difference was found among the three reviewers in the visualization of tumour spread and for identifying malignancy-determining signs in NBI endoscopy or AFI endoscopy. CONCLUSIONS The results show that AFI obtained better results for assessing the extent of tonsillar cancers than NBI. Both methods were proven to be equal in the visualization of endoscopic malignancy-determining signs. Both are useful even for less experienced evaluators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Syba
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K. Trnkova
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L. Dostalova
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M. Votava
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - E. Lukesova
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - S. Novak
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M. Kana
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M. Tesarova
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M. Zabrodsky
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J. Plzak
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P. Lukes
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abdel-Karim A, Macek P, Bakr A, Hora M, Pesl M, Novak S, Jiri K, Gozen A. Size of Adrenal mass: Could it predict the pathologic diagnosis? – a multi-center study. EUR UROL SUPPL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(22)00240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
3
|
Chen G, Tzeng J, Tiss A, Turner S, Zhao X, Emerson D, Shiferaw J, Shemirani M, Novak S, Garvin D, Eng J, Rowley S, Fishbein T, Cui W. Environment monitoring in a cell therapy manufacturing facility – 3 year data analysis. Cytotherapy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.03.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
4
|
Chen G, Desai C, Khan K, Tzeng J, Ma X, Tiss A, Turner S, Zhao X, Emerson D, Novak S, Eng J, Garvin D, Fishbein T, Cui W. A brief overview of the facility design and operations of MedStar Georgetown Islet Cell Lab. Cytotherapy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
5
|
Novak S, Divkovic D, Drenjancevic I, Cosic A, Selthofer-Relatic K. Visfatin serum level and expression in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in prepubertal boys. Pediatr Obes 2016; 11:411-7. [PMID: 26486101 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biological role of visfatin in humans, especially in eutrophic and healthy children, is not understood yet, except for its link to obesity-related disorders in adolescents and adults. OBJECTIVES To determine the physiological values of serum visfatin concentrations, and visfatin mRNA expression in subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and to correlate them with anthropometric/metabolic data in prepubertal healthy boys. METHODS The study included 59 healthy boys, age 1-10 years, hospitalized for elective surgery, divided according to age into group I (1-3 years old), group II (3-7 years old) and group III (7-10 years old). Anthropometric and biochemical measurements, and the visfatin serum and mRNA level in SAT and VAT were determined in all patients. RESULTS Visfatin mRNA expression was higher in SAT compared with VAT in all three studied groups. Highest visfatin mRNA was found in SAT of group III compared with group II (P = 0.030). VAT visfatin mRNA expression negatively correlates with body weight (P = 0.039), waist circumference (P = 0.027) and morning glucose level (P = 0.007). CONCLUSION Lack of changes in serum visfatin level despite the changes in visfatin mRNA expression of adipose tissue suggests paracrine effect of visfatin rather than endocrine. Negative correlation of visfatin VAT mRNA expression with anthropometric parameters indicates important role of VAT visfatin in maturation and in glucose metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Novak
- Department for Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - D Divkovic
- Department for Childhood Surgery, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia
| | - I Drenjancevic
- Department for Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - A Cosic
- Department for Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - K Selthofer-Relatic
- Department for Cardiovascular Diseases, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia.
- Department for Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Drnovšek N, Kocen R, Gantar A, Drobnič-Košorok M, Leonardi A, Križaj I, Rečnik A, Novak S. Size of silk fibroin β-sheet domains affected by Ca2+. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:6597-6608. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01101b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Addition of bioactive glass or other Ca2+ source to fibroin changes scaffold degradation and the mechanical and protein secondary structure properties due to the reduction in the size of β-sheet domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. Drnovšek
- Department for Nanostructured Materials
- Jožef Stefan Institute
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - R. Kocen
- Department for Nanostructured Materials
- Jožef Stefan Institute
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - A. Gantar
- Department for Nanostructured Materials
- Jožef Stefan Institute
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - M. Drobnič-Košorok
- Institute of Physiology
- Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Veterinary Faculty
- University of Ljubljana
- Ljubljana
| | - A. Leonardi
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences
- Jožef Stefan Institute
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - I. Križaj
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences
- Jožef Stefan Institute
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
| | - A. Rečnik
- Department for Nanostructured Materials
- Jožef Stefan Institute
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - S. Novak
- Department for Nanostructured Materials
- Jožef Stefan Institute
- Ljubljana
- Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fakile Y, Hoover K, Delaney K, Wesolowski L, Asef C, Sun Y, Park I, Chow J, Schapiro J, Novak S, Philip S, Karem K. 002.5 Evaluation of five rapid point-of-care tests for syphilis: two treponemal only, and three dual treponemal/hiv assays. Br J Vener Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2015-052270.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
8
|
Stanić M, Skočibušić N, Zekić T, Novak S, Vlahović-Palčevski V. Biologic agents in Rheumatic diseases – a real life experience. Clin Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2015.05.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
9
|
Lorenzetti M, Bernardini G, Luxbacher T, Santucci A, Kobe S, Novak S. Surface properties of nanocrystalline TiO2 coatings in relation to the in vitro plasma protein adsorption. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [PMID: 26225819 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/10/4/045012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This study reports on the selective adsorption of whole plasma proteins on hydrothermally (HT) grown TiO2-anatase coatings and its dependence on the three main surface properties: surface charge, wettability and roughness. The influence of the photo-activation of TiO2 by UV irradiation was also evaluated. Even though the protein adhesion onto Ti-based substrates was only moderate, better adsorption of any protein (at pH = 7.4) occurred for the most negatively charged and hydrophobic substrate (Ti non-treated) and for the most nanorough and hydrophilic surface (HT Ti3), indicating that the mutual action of the surface characteristics is responsible for the attraction and adhesion of the proteins. The HT coatings showed a higher adsorption of certain proteins (albumin 'passivation' layer, apolipoproteins, vitamin D-binding protein, ceruloplasmin, α-2-HS-glycoprotein) and higher ratios of albumin to fibrinogen and albumin to immunoglobulin γ-chains. The UV pre-irradiation affected the surface properties and strongly reduced the adsorption of the proteins. These results provide in-depth knowledge about the characterization of nanocrystalline TiO2 coatings for body implants and provide a basis for future studies on the hemocompatibility and biocompatibility of such surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Lorenzetti
- Department for Nanostructured Materials, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nwokeji ED, Rascati KL, Nemeth WC, Jordan KD, Novak S. Examining Opioid-Dependent Chronic Pain Patients Experiences On Buprenorphine Maintenance Therapy In The Texas Workers Compensation System: Pilot Study - Part 2. Value Health 2014; 17:A769-A770. [PMID: 27202827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E D Nwokeji
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - K L Rascati
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | | | - S Novak
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ravlic-Gulan J, Novak S, Schnurrer Luke-Vrbanić T, Jurdana H, Šestan B, Gulan G. FRI0141 The effect of patellar non-resurfacing during total knee arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
12
|
Grubišić F, Grazio S, Babić-Naglić Ð, Morović-Vergles J, Anić B, Kehler T, Novak S, Perić P, Hanih M, Gudelj A, Ljubičić-Marković N. THU0355 Efficacy and Safety of Adalimumab in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis and Total Spinal Ankylosis in Croatia: One Year Follow-Up. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
13
|
Bubonja-Sonje M, Rubinic D, Anic F, Novak S, Vuckovic D, Abram M. Salmonella enterica arthritis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis receiving anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy. W INDIAN MED J 2013; 62:270-272. [PMID: 24564054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) monoclonal antibodies have become an invaluable treatment against chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, due to increased risk of opportunistic infections, patients receiving anti-TNF therapy should be closely monitored for serious infections. Here, we describe a case of acute Salmonella_enteritidis infection of a joint arthroplasty that previously was functioning well, in a patient receiving infliximab treatment for RA. After prolonged antimicrobial chemotherapy and interrupted infliximab treatment, reimplantation of a new prosthesis was successfully performed two years after Salmonella septic arthritis. Therefore, because of the possibility of extraintestinal salmonellosis, screening for fecal colonization could be advisable in patients undergoing anti-TNF treatment. Moreover we emphasize the importance of appropriate counselling of these patients concerning food hygiene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bubonja-Sonje
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - D Rubinic
- Lovran Clinic for Orthopaedic Surgery, Lovran, Croatia
| | - F Anic
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - S Novak
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - D Vuckovic
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - M Abram
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Paradzik M, Novak S, Mokrovic G, Bordukalo Niksic T, Heckel D, Stipic J, Pavicic Baldani D, Cicin-Sain L, Antica M. Ikaros family transcription factors expression in rat thymus: detection of impaired development. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2013; 25:893-900. [PMID: 23298480 DOI: 10.1177/039463201202500407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of Ikaros family transcription factors and consequently their signalling pathway is limiting for hematopoietic and lymphocyte development in mice and human. Due to their importance, these transcription factors are highly homologous between species. As an initial approach to examining the possible involvement of Ikaros transcription factors in pathogenesis of rat lymphoid development, we analyzed the expression of all known Ikaros family members, Ikaros, Aiolos, Helios, Eos and Pegasus in the rat thymus. We established a semi-quantitative RT-PCR to detect mRNA of each transcription factor. For the first time we give evidence of the expression of Ikaros family transcription factors in the rat thymus. Further, we evaluated whether their mRNA expression was succumbed to changes when the rats were exposed to ethanol, as a known debilitating agent during development. Therefore we analyzed the thymus of adult rats whose mothers were forced to drink ethanol during gestation, to detect possible changes in thymus mRNA expression levels of Ikaros, Aiolos, Helios, Eos and Pegasus. We found that rats prenatally exposed to ethanol show a slightly higher expression of Ikaros family transcription factors in the adult thymus when compared to control rats, but these differences were not statistically significant. We further studied the distribution of the major lymphocyte subpopulations in the rat thymus according to CD3, CD4 and CD8 expression by four color flow cytometry. We found a higher incidence of CD3 positive cells in the double positive, CD4+CD8+ thymic subpopulation of rats prenatally exposed to ethanol when compared to non-exposed animals. Our findings indicate that ethanol exposure of pregnant rats might influence the development of CD3 positive cells in the thymus of the offspring but this result should be further tackled at the level of transcription factor expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Paradzik
- Division of Molecular Biology, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Novak S, Paradis F, Patterson JL, Pasternak JA, Oxtoby K, Moore HS, Hahn M, Dyck MK, Dixon WT, Foxcroft GR. Temporal candidate gene expression in the sow placenta and embryo during early gestation and effect of maternal Progenos supplementation on embryonic and placental development. Reprod Fertil Dev 2012; 24:550-8. [PMID: 22541543 DOI: 10.1071/rd10312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study characterised gene expression associated with embryonic muscle development and placental vascularisation during early gestation in the pig and examined effects of Progenos supplementation in early pregnancy. Tissues were collected from commercial multiparous sows (n = 48) from Days 16 to 49 of gestation. In the placenta, qPCR revealed that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA) expression did not change from Day 17 to 49 of gestation; however, KDR receptor and angiopoietin-1 and -2 expression were differentially regulated, with periods of high expression corresponding to two critical phases of angiogenesis in the pig. In the embryo, the pattern of myogenesis-related gene expression was consistent with available literature. A commercially available nutritional supplement Progenos (20 g day⁻¹ L-arginine) added to the diet of sows from either Day 15 to 29 (P15-29; n = 33), Day 30 to 44 (n = 29) or from Day 15 to 44 (n = 76) of gestation tended to increase (P = 0.058) embryonic growth rate compared with non-supplemented controls (n = 79) and angiogenin expression was higher (P = 0.028) at Day 30 of gestation in placentae from sows on the P15-29 Progenos treatment. These results are consistent with proposed beneficial effects of l-arginine on early embryonic development and placental vascularisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Novak
- Swine Reproduction-Development Program, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
The semen evaluation techniques used in most commercial artificial insemination centers, which includes sperm motility and morphology measurements, provides a very conservative estimate of the relative fertility of individual boars. As well, differences in relative boar fertility are masked by the widespread use of pooled semen for commercial artificial insemination (AI) in many countries. Furthermore, the relatively high sperm numbers used in commercial AI practice usually compensate for reduced fertility, as can be seen in some boars when lower numbers of sperm are used for AI. The increased efficiency of pork production should involve enhanced use of boars with strong reproductive efficiency and the highest genetic merit for important production traits. Given that the current measures of semen quality are not always indicative of fertility and reproductive performance in boars, accurate and predictive genetic and protein markers are still needed. Recently, significant efforts have been made to identify reliable markers that allow for the identification and exclusion of sires with reduced reproductive efficiency. This paper reviews the current status of proteomic and genomic markers of fertility in boars in relation to other livestock species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M K Dyck
- Swine Reproduction-Development Program, Swine Research & Technology Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Oliver G, Novak S, Patterson JL, Pasternak JA, Paradis F, Norrby M, Oxtoby K, Dyck MK, Dixon WT, Foxcroft GR. Restricted feed intake in lactating primiparous sows. II. Effects on subsequent litter sex ratio and embryonic gene expression. Reprod Fertil Dev 2012; 23:899-911. [PMID: 21871209 DOI: 10.1071/rd11013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of panels of candidate genes controlling myogenesis, angiogenesis and gender-specific imprinting of development were analysed in embryonic, placental and endometrial tissues recovered at Day 30 of gestation from a subset of primiparous sows that were either feed restricted (Restrict; n=17) or fed to appetite (Control; n=15) during the last week of the previous lactation. Embryos were also sex typed to investigate gender bias in response to treatments. Average embryonic weight was lower in the subset of Restrict compared with Control litters (1.38±0.07vs 1.59±0.08g, respectively) and the male:female sex ratio was higher (P<0.05) in embryos (litters) recovered from Restrict sows. Treatment affected (P≤0.05) the expression of embryonic and placental genes involved in insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 2 signalling, including IGF2, INSR and IGF2R. Embryonic expression of ESR1 was also affected by treatment (P<0.03) and sex×treatment interactions were observed for the expression of embryonic ESR1 (P<0.05) and placental ANGPT2 (P<0.03). At the molecular level, these results support the suggestion that changes in placental function are not the primary mechanism mediating detrimental effects of previous sow catabolism on early embryonic development in the feed-restricted lactational sow model. However, perturbations in the IGF2 system are implicated as mediators of these effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Oliver
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Basarab JA, Colazo MG, Ambrose DJ, Novak S, McCartney D, Baron VS. Residual feed intake adjusted for backfat thickness and feeding frequency is independent of fertility in beef heifers. Can J Anim Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas2011-010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Basarab, J. A., Colazo, M. G., Ambrose, D. J., Novak, S., McCartney, D. and Baron, V. S. 2011. Residual feed intake adjusted for backfat thickness and feeding frequency is independent of fertility in beef heifers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 573–584. This study examined the effects of residual feed intake (RFI), RFI adjusted for off-test backfat thickness (RFIfat) and RFI adjusted for off-test backfat thickness and feeding event frequency (RFIfat & activity) on heifer fertility and productivity. Beef heifers (n=190) were monitored for individual daily feed intake and feeding event activity over 108–112 d using the GrowSafe System® and assessed for age at puberty based on plasma progesterone concentration. Individual animal daily feed intake, feeding event activity and off-test backfat thickness were then used to calculate RFI, RFIfat and RFIfat & activity and group heifers as either negative ([−], RFI<0.0) or positive ([+], RFI≥0.0) for RFI. Heifers averaged 298 kg (SD=34) in body weight, were 276 days of age (SD=19) at the start of test, grew at 0.90 kg d−1 (SD=0.21), consumed 7.62 kg DM head−1 d−1 (SD=0.84) and had a feed conversion ratio of 8.93 (SD=2.43). Age (351 d, SD=43) and weight (367.3 kg, SD=45.0) at puberty were similar between [−] and [+] RFI heifers, but age at puberty was delayed in [−] RFIfat (P=0.04) and RFIfat & activity (P=0.08) heifers compared with [+] RFIfat and RFIfat & activity heifers. Efficient or [−] RFI heifer exhibited a lower pregnancy (76.84 vs. 86.32%, P=0.09) and calving rate (72.63 vs. 84.21%, P=0.05) compared with [+] RFI heifers. These differences were partially removed in [−] RFIfat and completely removed in [−] RFIfat & activity compared with their [+] RFI counterparts (pregnancy rate, 80.85 vs. 82.29%, P=0.80; calving rate, 75.53 vs. 81.25%, P=0.34). No differences were observed between efficient and inefficient heifers in calving difficulty, average calving date, age at first calving, calf birth weight, calf pre-weaning ADG, calf weaning weight and heifer productivity. However, [+] RFI heifers exhibited a 1.9-fold higher calf death loss compared with [−] RFI heifers (11.11% vs. 5.71%, P=0.24). This difference was more pronounced in [+] RFIfat and [+] RFIfat & activity heifers, which exhibited 2.2-fold (11.84% vs. 5.33%, P=0.15) and 3.0-fold (12.66% vs. 4.17%, P=0.06) higher calf death loss compared with [−] RFI heifers. There was no relationship of RFI adjusted for backfat thickness and feeding activity on fertility traits indicating that backfat thickness and feeding activity may be associated with feed intake and should be considered when selecting heifers for improved feed efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Basarab
- Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada T4L 1W1
| | - M. G. Colazo
- Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, 7000-113 street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 5T6
| | - D. J. Ambrose
- Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, 7000-113 street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 5T6
| | - S. Novak
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - D. McCartney
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada T4L 1W1
| | - V. S. Baron
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada T4L 1W1
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Patterson JL, Smit MN, Novak S, Wellen AP, Foxcroft GR. Restricted feed intake in lactating primiparous sows. I. Effects on sow metabolic state and subsequent reproductive performance. Reprod Fertil Dev 2011; 23:889-98. [DOI: 10.1071/rd11015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of feed restriction (60% of anticipated feed intake; Restrict; n = 60) during the last week of a 21-day lactation in primiparous sows compared with feeding at 90% of anticipated feed intake (Control; n = 60) on sow metabolic state, litter growth and sow reproductive performance after weaning were compared. Metabolisable energy (ME) derived from feed was lower, ME derived from body tissues was higher and litter growth rate was reduced (all P < 0.05) in Restrict sows during the last week of lactation. Treatment did not affect weaning-to-oestrus interval, pregnancy rate, ovulation rate, embryonic survival or the number of live embryos (P > 0.05) at Day 30 of gestation: However, embryo weight was greater (P < 0.05) in Control than in Restrict sows (1.55 ± 0.04 vs 1.44 ± 0.04 g, respectively). These data suggest the biology of the commercial sow has changed and reproductive performance of contemporary primiparous sows is increasingly resistant to the negative effects of lactational catabolism. Overall, catabolism negatively affected litter weaning weight and embryonic development of the next litter, but the extent to which individual sows used tissue mobilisation to support these litter outcomes was highly variable.
Collapse
|
20
|
Novak S, Smith T, Paradis F, Burwash L, Dyck M, Foxcroft G, Dixon W. Biomarkers of in vivo fertility in sperm and seminal plasma of fertile stallions. Theriogenology 2010; 74:956-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
21
|
Novak S, Moriarty D, Koltuv M, Welch L. The Effect of Increased Trials on the Stability of the PGR in an Avoidance Situation. The Journal of Psychology 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00223980.1956.9712999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
22
|
Avouac J, Walker U, Tyndall A, Kahan A, Matucci-Cerinic M, Allanore Y, Miniati I, Muller A, Iannone F, Distler O, Becvar R, Sierakowsky S, Kowal-Bielecka O, Coelho P, Cabane J, Cutolo M, Shoenfeld Y, Valentini G, Rovensky J, Riemekasten G, Vlachoyiannopoulos P, Caporali R, Jiri S, Inanc M, Zimmermann Gorska I, Carreira P, Novak S, Czirjak L, Oliveira Ramos F, Jendro M, Chizzolini C, Kucharz EJ, Richter J, Cozzi F, Rozman B, Mallia CM, Gabrielli A, Farge D, Kiener HP, Schöffel D, Airo P, Wollheim F, Martinovic D, Trotta F, Jablonska S, Reich K, Bombardieri S, Siakka P, Pellerito R, Bambara LM, Morovic-Vergles J, Denton C, Hinrichs R, Van den Hoogen F, Damjanov N, Kötter I, Ortiz V, Heitmann S, Krasowska D, Seidel M, Hasler P, Van Laar JM, Kaltwasser JP, Foeldvari I, Juan Mas A, Bajocchi G, Wislowska M, Pereira Da Silva JA, Jacobsen S, Worm M, Graniger W, Kuhn A, Stankovic A, Cossutta R, Majdan M, Damjanovska Rajcevska L, Tikly M, Nasonov EL, Steinbrink K, Herrick A, Müller-Ladner U, Dinc A, Scorza R, Sondergaard K, Indiveri F, Nielsen H, Szekanecz Z, Silver RM, Antivalle M, Espinosa IB, García de la Pena Lefebvre P, Midtvedt O, Launay D, Valesini F, Tuvik P, Ionescu RM, Del Papa N, Pinto S, Wigley F, Mihai C, Sinziana Capranu M, Sunderkötter C, Jun JB, Alhasani S, Distler JH, Ton E, Soukup T, Seibold J, Zeni S, Nash P, Mouthon L, De Keyser F, Duruöz MT, Cantatore FP, Strauss G, von Mülhen CA, Pozzi MR, Eyerich K, Szechinski J, Keiserman M, Houssiau FA, Román-Ivorra JA, Krummel-Lorenz B, Aringer M, Westhovens R, Bellisai F, Mayer M, Stoeckl F, Uprus M, Volpe A, Buslau M, Yavuz S, Granel B, Valderílio Feijó A, Del Galdo F, Popa S, Zenone T, Ricardo Machado X, Pileckyte M, Stebbings S, Mathieu A, Tulli A, Tourinho T, Souza R, Acayaba de Toledo R, Stamp L, Solanki K, Veale D, Francisco Marques Neto J, Bagnato GF, Loyo E, Toloza S, Li M, Ahmed Abdel Atty Mohamed W, Cobankara V, Olas J, Salsano F, Oksel F, Tanaseanu CM, Foti R, Ancuta C, Vonk M, Caramashi P, Beretta L, Balbir A, Chiàla A, Pasalic Simic K, Ghio M, Stamenkovic B, Rednic S, Host N, Pellerito R, Hachulla E, Furst DE. Characteristics of joint involvement and relationships with systemic inflammation in systemic sclerosis: results from the EULAR Scleroderma Trial and Research Group (EUSTAR) database. J Rheumatol 2010. [PMID: 20551097 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.091165.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of and independent factors associated with joint involvement in a large population of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS This study was cross-sectional, based on data collected on patients included in the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Scleroderma Trials and Research (EUSTAR) registry. We queried this database to extract data regarding global evaluation of patients with SSc and the presence of any clinical articular involvement: synovitis (tender and swollen joints), tendon friction rubs (rubbing sensation detected as the tendon was moved), and joint contracture (stiffness of the joints that decreased their range of motion). Overall joint involvement was defined by the occurrence of synovitis and/or joint contracture and/or tendon friction rubs. RESULTS We recruited 7286 patients with SSc; their mean age was 56 +/- 14 years, disease duration 10 +/- 9 years, and 4210 (58%) had a limited cutaneous disease subset. Frequencies of synovitis, tendon friction rubs, and joint contractures were 16%, 11%, and 31%, respectively. Synovitis, tendon friction rubs, and joint contracture were more prevalent in patients with the diffuse cutaneous subset and were associated together and with severe vascular, muscular, renal, and interstitial lung involvement. Moreover, synovitis had the highest strength of association with elevated acute-phase reactants taken as the dependent variable. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the striking level of articular involvement in SSc, as evaluated by systematic examination in a large cohort of patients with SSc. Our data also show that synovitis, joint contracture, and tendon friction rubs are associated with a more severe disease and with systemic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Avouac
- Service de Rhumatologie A, Hôpital Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tyndall AJ, Bannert B, Vonk M, Airo P, Cozzi F, Carreira PE, Bancel DF, Allanore Y, Muller-Ladner U, Distler O, Iannone F, Pellerito R, Pileckyte M, Miniati I, Ananieva L, Gurman AB, Damjanov N, Mueller A, Valentini G, Riemekasten G, Tikly M, Hummers L, Henriques MJ, Caramaschi P, Scheja A, Rozman B, Ton E, Kumanovics G, Coleiro B, Feierl E, Szucs G, Von Muhlen CA, Riccieri V, Novak S, Chizzolini C, Kotulska A, Denton C, Coelho PC, Kotter I, Simsek I, de la Pena Lefebvre PG, Hachulla E, Seibold JR, Rednic S, Stork J, Morovic-Vergles J, Walker UA. Causes and risk factors for death in systemic sclerosis: a study from the EULAR Scleroderma Trials and Research (EUSTAR) database. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69:1809-15. [DOI: 10.1136/ard.2009.114264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 795] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
24
|
Li N, Tieng A, Novak S, Fernandes A, Jalal PK, Akerman M, Sideridis K, Bank S. Effects of medications on post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2010; 10:238-42. [PMID: 20484961 DOI: 10.1159/000279306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Drug-induced pancreatitis accounts for about 2% of acute pancreatitis. The aim of this study is to determine whether propofol and other medications are associated with increased risk for post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted at a single tertiary care hospital. All patients who underwent ERCP from 2001 to 2004 were included. Diagnosis of acute post-ERCP pancreatitis was based on a consensus definition. RESULTS A total of 506 patients underwent ERCP. The total incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis was 7.1%. There was no significant difference in post-ERCP pancreatitis between patients who received propofol compared to patients who received midazolam and fentanyl (9.0 vs. 5.9%, p = 0.18). Patients receiving an angiotensin receptor blocker were approximately 4 times more likely to develop post-ERCP pancreatitis (OR = 4.1, 95% CI 1.6-10.9). Patients younger than 65 years and smokers also had higher risk of developing acute post-ERCP pancreatitis than those who were older than 65 years (OR = 3.9, 95% CI 1.7-9.1) and non-smokers (OR = 2.8, 95% CI 1.3-6.2). CONCLUSIONS Propofol is a safe sedative drug for ERCP without additional risk of developing acute post-ERCP pancreatitis. Use of angiotensin receptor blockers, smoking and younger age are independent risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Li
- Department of Medicine, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Novak S, Moore HS, Paradis F, Murdoch G, Dyck MK, Dixon WT, Foxcroft GR. Temporal candidate gene expression patterns in the sow placenta during early gestation and the effect of maternal L-arginine supplementation. Soc Reprod Fertil Suppl 2009; 66:201-202. [PMID: 19848284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Novak
- Swine Reproduction-Development Program, Dept. AFNS, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6C 2P5, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Foxcroft GR, Dixon WT, Dyck MK, Novak S, Harding JCS, Almeida FCRL. Prenatal programming of postnatal development in the pig. Soc Reprod Fertil Suppl 2009; 66:213-231. [PMID: 19848290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Studies of low birth weight offspring have a long history in pig science. These pigs have reduced growth potential and poor carcass quality compared to their higher birth weight littermates. In contemporary commercial sows with between 10 and 15 total pigs born/litter, between-litter differences in average birth weight appear to make the largest contribution to variation in postnatal growth performance, independent of numbers born. Low birth weight is a characteristic of a subpopulation of these sows, likely as a consequence of an imbalance between ovulation rate and uterine capacity due to ongoing selection for litter size. Based on experimental studies, we hypothesize that increased crowding at day 30 of gestation primarily affects placental development and persistent negative impacts on placental growth then affect fetal development. However, embryonic myogenic gene expression is already affected at day 30. Latent effects of metabolic state on oocyte quality and early embryonic development have also been reported. In contrast to effects of uterine crowding, the embryo is primarily affected by previous catabolism. The large body of literature on gene imprinting, and the interactions between metabolism, nutrition, and methylation state, suggest that classic imprinting mechanisms may be involved. However, the potential use of genomics, epigenomics, nutrigenomics, and proteomics to investigate these mechanisms brings new demands on experimental design and data management that present a considerable challenge to the effectiveness of future research on prenatal programming in the pig.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G R Foxcroft
- Swine Reproduction-Development Program, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Paradis F, Moore H, Novak S, Dyck MK, Dixon WT, Foxcroft GR. Global protein profiling of porcine cumulus cells in response to native oocyte secreted factors in vitro. Soc Reprod Fertil Suppl 2009; 66:119-120. [PMID: 19848275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Paradis
- Swine Reproduction-Development Program, Dept. AFNS, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
The "predictors of useable semen" used in most commercial AI centers provide a very conservative estimate of the relative fertility of individual boars. Furthermore, the relatively high sperm numbers used in commercial AI practice (usually >3 x10(9) total sperm per dose of extended semen) usually compensate for reduced fertility, as can be demonstrated in some boars when lower numbers of sperm are used for AI. Differences in relative boar fertility are also masked by the widespread use of pooled semen for commercial AI in many countries. However, the need to continually improve the efficiency of pork production, suggests that commercial AI practice should involve increased use of boars with the highest genetic merit for important production traits. Necessarily, this must be linked to the use of fewer sperm per AI dose, fewer inseminations per sow bred, and hence more sows bred by these superior sires. In turn, this requires improved techniques for evaluating semen characteristics directly related to the fertilization process, such as IVM-IVF assays, analysis of seminal plasma protein markers, more discriminatory tests of sperm motility and morphology, with the goal of identifying high-index boars whose fertility is sustained when low numbers of sperm are used for AI. This paper reviews the current status of laboratory-based boar semen evaluation techniques that meet these criteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G R Foxcroft
- Swine Research & Technology Centre, University of Alberta, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Vrbanić TSL, Novak S, Sestan B, Tudor A, Gulan G. A case of pathological rib fractures: focal osteolysis or osteoporosis? W INDIAN MED J 2008; 57:178-181. [PMID: 19565965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on a unique, previously unreported, successful outcome in the case of a patient with focal osteolytic lesions of the ribs as a first sign of osteoporosis. The lesions were detected by chance after acute cough-induced rib fractures were seen on plain chest radiographs. The diagnosis had to be approached as a diagnosis of exclusion since known causes of the osteolytic process had to be eliminated. The authors describe multiple focal osteolytic lesions with rib fractures appearing in a pattern that could be confused with metastases. Laboratory results were normal. Final diagnosis was based on plain radiography, bone scan and bone densitometry. Pharmacomedical treatments for osteoporosis were applied. The patient was observed between the year 2000 and 2005. Five years later radiological and bone scintigraphy revealed resolution of the lesion. We conclude that osteoporosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of asymptomatic focal osteolysis of the ribs with rib fractures as a complication of acute cough. The case suggests that focal osteolytic lesions of the ribs may regress over time and become scintigraphically inactive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T S L Vrbanić
- Orthopaedic Clinical Hospital, M. Tita 1, HR-51415 Lovran, Croatia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tse WY, Town SC, Murdoch GK, Novak S, Dyck MK, Putman CT, Foxcroft GR, Dixon WT. Uterine crowding in the sow affects litter sex ratio, placental development and embryonic myogenin expression in early gestation. Reprod Fertil Dev 2008; 20:497-504. [DOI: 10.1071/rd07200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2007] [Accepted: 01/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine crowding in the pig results in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and permanently affects fetal muscle fibre development, representing production losses for the commercial pig herd. The present study sought to understand how different levels of uterine crowding in sows affects muscle fibre development in the early embryo at the time of muscle fibre differentiation and proliferation. Sows either underwent surgical, unilateral oviduct ligation (LIG; n = 10) to reduce the number of embryos in the uterus, or remained as intact, relatively-crowded controls (CTR; n = 10). Embryos and placentae were collected at Day 30 of gestation, and myogenic regulatory factor (MRF) transcript abundance was determined using real-time PCR for both myogenin (MYOG) and myoblast differentiation 1 (MYOD1). Unilateral tubal ligation resulted in lower numbers of embryos in utero, higher placental weights and a higher male : female sex ratio (P < 0.05). Relative MYOD1 expression was not different, but MYOG expression was higher (P < 0.05) in the LIG group embryos; predominantly due to effects on the male embryos. Relatively modest uterine crowding therefore affects MRF expression, even at very early stages of embryonic development, and could contribute to reported differences in fetal muscle fibre development, birthweight and thus post-natal growth performance in swine.
Collapse
|
31
|
Vlahovic-Palcevski V, Francetic I, Palcevski G, Novak S, Abram M, Bergman U. Antimicrobial use at a university hospital: appropriate or misused? A qualitative study. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2007; 45:169-74. [PMID: 17416112 DOI: 10.5414/cpp45169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the quality of antimicrobial drug use in a university hospital medical department (Department of Medicine, University Hospital Rijeka, Croatia) with 279 hospital-beds in wards containing patients from endocrinology, gastroenterology, hematology, clinical immunology, cardiology and coronary care unit, nephrology and pulmonology sections of the hospital. METHODS The appropriateness of antimicrobial treatment for all in-patients in the Department of Medicine was assessed in a prospective, longitudinal survey carried out during a 21-week period using Kunin's criteria where Categories I and II indicate "appropriate therapy", Categories III and IV indicate major deficiency in the choice or use of antimicrobials. Category V indicates unjustified antimicrobial administration. RESULTS During the study period, a total of 438 patients were treated with antimicrobials in the Department of Medicine. Of these, 159 (36%) received antimicrobials appropriately (Category I and II), 180 (41%) needed antimicrobials (Category III and IV) but they should have been prescribed differently. The main reason for inappropriate antimicrobial treatment was the wrong choice of antimicrobials (broad-spectrum where a narrow spectrum antibiotic would have been sufficient). In the case of 99 patients (23%) an indication for antimicrobial therapy did not exist (Category V). CONCLUSION The main reason for suboptimal use of antimicrobials was the over-prescribing of broad-spectrum antimicrobials. This situation should be corrected e.g. by changes in the post-graduate medical teaching program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Vlahovic-Palcevski
- Department for Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Center Rijeka, University of Rijeka Medical School, Rijeka, Croatia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ruiz-Sánchez AL, O'donoghue R, Novak S, Dyck MK, Cosgrove JR, Dixon WT, Foxcroft GR. The predictive value of routine semen evaluation and IVF technology for determining relative boar fertility. Theriogenology 2006; 66:736-48. [PMID: 16529803 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2005] [Accepted: 12/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Practical techniques for assessing semen quality in order to predict male fertility are still needed. The principal objective of this experiment was to evaluate routine laboratory evaluation and in vitro fertilization (IVF) techniques as predictors of relative boar fertility using a low-dose AI protocol. Nine boars were evaluated during a 6.5+/-1 mo period, beginning at 29-32 wk of age. Ejaculates were evaluated for motility, morphology and concentration, diluted to 1.5 billion sperm in 50 mL extender, and used to breed 50+/-5 gilts over the same period. On nine occasions, a specific aliquot of the ejaculate's first sperm-rich fraction was evaluated using IVF procedures. Boars differed (P<0.001) consistently for pregnancy rate (from 73 to 98%), farrowing rate (71-98%) and total born (8.8-12.0). Routine semen evaluation and IVF parameters that presented significant differences between boars, but no differences in time and no boar by time interaction, were used to correlate in vivo fertility. A multiple regression model based on routine semen evaluation parameters accounted for up to 27 and 22% of the variation of fertility index and total piglets born, respectively, whereas male pronuclear formation rate was the IVF variable that accounted for 17 and 12% of the variation in farrowing rate and fertility index, respectively. Collectively, we inferred that the use of low sperm numbers for AI, determination of pregnancy rate at Day 30, motility of extended semen after 7 and 10d, and specific IVF parameters may be useful for identifying relatively infertile boars that are not currently excluded from use in existing commercial boar studs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A L Ruiz-Sánchez
- Swine Reproduction-Development Program, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Johnson EO, Novak S, Bradshaw M. Profiles of Co-Occurring Mental Disorders in the US. Am J Epidemiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s121-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
34
|
Williams J, Johnson E, Novak S. Underlying Factor Structures of Common Psychiatric Disorder Comorbidity. Am J Epidemiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s219-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
35
|
Vinsky MD, Novak S, Dixon WT, Dyck MK, Foxcroft GR. Nutritional restriction in lactating primiparous sows selectively affects female embryo survival and overall litter development. Reprod Fertil Dev 2006; 18:347-55. [PMID: 16554010 DOI: 10.1071/rd05142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2005] [Accepted: 12/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the possibility of sex-specific effects on embryonic survival in primiparous sows subjected to restricted feed intake during the last week of lactation and bred after weaning (Restrict; n = 16), compared with control sows fed close to ad libitum feed intakes (Control; n = 17). Restrict sows were in a substantial negative net energy balance at weaning, and lost 13% of estimated protein and 17% of fat mass during lactation, yet the weaning-to-oestrous interval and ovulation rate were not different between treatments. However, embryonic survival at Day 30 of gestation was lower (P < 0.05) in Restrict than Control sows, and selectively reduced the proportion of female embryos surviving (P < 0.01). A decrease in weight and crown-rump length of surviving female (P < 0.05) and male (P < 0.05) embryos was seen in Restrict litters. The mechanisms mediating this sex-specific effect on embryonic loss in feed-restricted sows are unclear. The data presented here indicate that feed-restriction during the last week of lactation in primiparous sows causes a selective decrease in survival of female embryos and limits the growth of all surviving embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M D Vinsky
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Swine Research and Technology Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Foxcroft GR, Dixon WT, Novak S, Putman CT, Town SC, Vinsky MDA. The biological basis for prenatal programming of postnatal performance in pigs1,2. J Anim Sci 2006; 84 Suppl:E105-12. [PMID: 16582081 DOI: 10.2527/2006.8413_supple105x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of this review is to discuss associations between within-litter variation in birth weight, and preweaning survival and postnatal growth in the pig, as the basis for suggesting that the developmental competence of pigs born, as well as the size of the litter, need critical consideration. Extremes of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) occur within a discrete subset of fetuses, substantially smaller than their littermates and commonly described as runt piglets. The lower preweaning growth of runt pigs cannot be entirely explained based on their lower birth weight, nor do they show full postnatal compensatory growth. Interestingly, this more complex reprogramming of development in runt pigs can already be identified by d 27 to 35 of gestation. Recently, we reported more universal IUGR effects in commercial dam-line sows, as an indirect response to selection for increased litter size. High ovulation rates (>30 ovulations) in a proportion of greater parity sows are associated with increased numbers of conceptuses surviving to d 30 of gestation, resulting in detrimental effects on placental development of uterine crowding in the early postimplantation period. In turn, this limits nutrient availability to the embryo during a critical period of myogenesis. Consequently, although a reduction in the number of conceptuses occurs by d 50, placental development in the surviving fetuses remains compromised, resulting in IUGR and reduced numbers of muscle fibers at d 90 and at birth, in all surviving littermates. These effects of uterine crowding on fetal and postnatal development are analogous to the detrimental effects of nutritional restriction in gestating sows on fetal myogenesis, birth weight, and postnatal growth. The incompatibility between increased numbers of conceptuses surviving to the postimplantation period, in the absence of increased uterine capacity, offers a biological explanation for increased variability in birth weight and postnatal growth performance reported in greater parity sows. We conclude that a strategy of introducing hyperprolific females into the breeding nucleus, as a means of increasing the numbers of pigs born, needs to be critically evaluated in the context of the overall efficiency of pork production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G R Foxcroft
- Swine Reproduction-Development Program, Swine Research & Technology Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sälke-Kellermann RA, Kröll-Seger J, Novak S, Krämer G. Topiramat-induzierte Hypohidrose. Akt Neurol 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-815007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
39
|
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the possibility of conducting a continuous aerobic bioprocess in a horizontal rotating tubular bioreactor (HRTB). Aerobic oxidation of acetate by the action of a mixed microbial culture was chosen as a model process. The microbial culture was not only grown in a suspension but also in the form of a biofilm on the interior surface of HRTB. Efficiency of the bioprocess was monitored by determination of the acetate concentration and chemical oxygen demand (COD). While acetate inlet concentration and feeding rate influenced efficiency of acetate oxidation, the bioreactor rotation speed did not influence the bioprocess dynamics significantly. Gradients of acetate concentration and pH along HRTB were more pronounced at lower feeding rates. Volumetric load of acetate was proved to be the most significant parameter. High volumetric loads (above 2 g acetate l-1 h-1) gave poor acetate oxidation efficiency (only 17 to 50%). When the volumetric load was in the range of 0.60-1.75 g acetate l-1 h-1, acetate oxidation efficiency was 50-75%. At lower volumetric loads (0.14-0.58 g acetate l-1 h-1), complete acetate consumption was achieved. On the basis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that HRTB is suitable for conducting aerobic continuous bioprocesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Slavica
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Novak S, Cikes N. Infliximab-induced lupus or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) overlapping with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) unmasked by infliximab. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2004; 22:268. [PMID: 15083903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
|
41
|
Ivancić M, Santek B, Novak S, Horvat P, Marić V. Bioprocess kinetics in a horizontal rotating tubular bioreactor. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2004; 26:169-75. [PMID: 14986092 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-003-0346-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2003] [Accepted: 12/09/2003] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A horizontal rotating tubular bioreactor (HRTB) is a plug flow bioreactor whose interior is provided with O-ring-shaped partition walls that serve as carriers for microbial biomass. During this investigation, microbial biomass was grown in suspension and on the bioreactor inner surface as a microbial biofilm with average mass that was considerably higher than suspended biomass. The dynamics of bioprocess in HRTB was studied by different combinations of process parameters (bioreactor rotation speed and mean residence time) and it was monitored by withdrawing the samples from five positions along the bioreactor. During this investigation it was also observed that mean residence time had a more pronounced effect on the bioprocess dynamics than bioreactor rotation speed. For the description of bioprocess kinetics in HRTB an unstructured kinetic model was established that defines biomass growth, product formations and substrate consumption rate by using a modified Monod (Levenspiel) model. This kinetic model defines changes in suspension and in microbial biofilm, and it shows relatively good agreement with experimental data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ivancić
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6/IV, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Novak S, Stapleton LM, Litaker JR, Lawson KA. A confirmatory factor analysis evaluation of the coronary heart disease risk factors of metabolic syndrome with emphasis on the insulin resistance factor. Diabetes Obes Metab 2003; 5:388-96. [PMID: 14617224 DOI: 10.1046/j.1463-1326.2003.00289.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The goals of this study were: (1) to analyse the underlying associations between coronary risk factors and the metabolic syndrome and (2) to evaluate the construct validity of the variables used to measure each factor. METHODS The subjects were from a previously studied cohort of 284 middle-aged Caucasian males from Goteborg, Sweden, who were selected from the National Population Register. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed using EQS Multivariate Software Version 5.7b with maximum likelihood estimation. Hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance and hyperlipidaemia were the latent factors hypothesized. RESULTS The final, four-factor model showed good fit, with significant intercorrelations noted between all factors. The highest correlations were noted between the insulin resistance factor and the obesity factor (r = 0.887) and the insulin resistance factor and the lipid factor (r = 0.835). All factors exhibited good values for construct reliability and variance extracted except for the insulin resistance factor, which was measured with the variables of fasting insulin and fasting glucose levels. CONCLUSIONS A four-factor model of metabolic syndrome including the coronary heart disease risk factors of hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance and hyperlipidaemia was developed using this sample of European, middle-aged Caucasian males. Insulin resistance was not well defined using the variables of fasting insulin and fasting glucose levels. Other possible variables to include in the measurement of this factor are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Novak
- Pharmacy Administration Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-0127, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Verhoeven A, Bongers W, Elzendoorn B, Graswinckel M, Hellingman P, Kooijman W, Kruijt O, Maagdenberg J, Ronden D, Stakenborg J, Sterk A, Tichler J, Alberti S, Henderson M, Hoekzema J, Fernandez A, Likin K, Bruschi A, Cirant S, Novak S, Piosczyk B, Thumm M, Guigon A, Damiani C, Pamela J, Kaye A, Fleming C, Zohm H. Design and R&D of an ECRH system on JET. Fusion Engineering and Design 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-3796(03)00250-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
44
|
Beluhan S, Karmelić I, Novak S, Marić V. Partial purification and biochemical characterization of alkaline 5'-phosphodiesterase from barley malt sprouts. Biotechnol Lett 2003; 25:1099-103. [PMID: 12889821 DOI: 10.1023/a:1024144215414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
An alkaline 5'-phosphodiesterase (5'-PDE) from barley (Hordeum distichum) malt sprouts was partially purified by thermal treatment and acetone precipitation to diminish phosphomonoesterase (PME) activity. 5'-PDE was purified 40-fold to a specific activity of 30 U mg(-1) protein with a final yield of about 32%. With synthetic substrate, the enzyme had an optimum pH of 8.9, maximum activity at 70 degrees C over 10 min, and a Km of 0.26 mM. The partially purified enzyme was activated by 10 mM Mg2+ up to 168% of the original activity, while Zn2+, Mn2+ and Cu2+ ions, chelating agent (EDTA) and NaN3 (1-10 mM), and 5'-ribonucleotides (1-5 mM) were inhibitory. Final enzyme preparation was stable over 8 d at 4 degrees C), at 70 degrees C for up to 120 min and without loss of activity over 90 d at -18 degrees C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Beluhan
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6/IV, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Novak S, Almeida FRCL, Cosgrove JR, Dixon WT, Foxcroft GR. Effect of pre- and postmating nutritional manipulation on plasma progesterone, blastocyst development, and the oviductal environment during early pregnancy in gilts. J Anim Sci 2003; 81:772-83. [PMID: 12661658 DOI: 10.2527/2003.813772x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to determine mechanisms mediating effects of nutritional manipulation before and after mating on embryonic survival in pigs. Experiment 1 studied the mechanisms by which continued high feeding levels after mating result in differences in plasma progesterone during early pregnancy. Gilts fed 2.0 times maintenance energy requirements either remained on this high level or feed was reduced to 1.5 times maintenance immediately after mating. Ovarian, oviductal, and jugular vein progesterone concentrations were determined 72 h after onset of estrus, and samples taken every 4 h were used to determine LH and progesterone during the periestrous period. Treatment did not affect peripheral progesterone concentrations, the timing or rate of rise of progesterone, or progesterone in ovarian, oviductal, or jugular veins at the time of surgery. Time after the LH peak was highly correlated (P = 0.0001) with jugular progesterone concentrations, but not with those in oviductal and ovarian veins, suggesting that responses in the reproductive tract mediated by peripheral progesterone concentrations will be temporally different to effects within tissues supplied by the ovarian and oviductal vasculature. Experiment 2 studied mechanisms mediating nutritional manipulation in the preovulatory period on postovulatory reproductive function, using feed restriction during the first (RH) or second (HR) week of the estrous cycle. Surgeries were performed 12 to 20 h after ovulation, and fertilized oocytes were cultured for 144 h in vitro. Ovulation rate was not affected by previous nutritional regimen. Fertilization rate was higher (P = 0.056) in RH vs HR gilts, but development of cultured oocytes was not affected by treatment. There were no treatment differences in peripheral or oviductal plasma progesterone, estradiol, or insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) at surgery, or in porcine oviductal secretory protein abundance and IGF-I concentrations in oviduct flushings, but treatment affected total protein concentration (P = 0.002). These results indicate that either previous nutritional treatment does not affect the early developmental competence of fertilized oocytes in vitro or differences in developmental competence of oocytes are not expressed up to the early blastocyst stage. However, the lack of an effect of previous nutrition on steroids in the local oviductal circulation may also be related to the lack of effects on oviductal function and embryonic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Novak
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Vojniković B, Brncić N, Zamolo G, Budiselić R, Njirić S, Novak S. Severe Trichinellosis cured with pulse doses of glucocorticoids. Coll Antropol 2002; 25 Suppl:131-5. [PMID: 11817004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Trichinellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by a nematode Trichinella spiralis. We studied a case of Trichinella spiralis infection with severe eye involvement, febrile condition, generalised malaise and muscular weakness in a young female patient. Comprehensive ophthalmologic, infectologic, neurological and immunologic examinations including electro diagnostic tests and CT scan of the head were performed, but the diagnosis was confirmed only by histological examination of biopsy specimens of skeletal muscle. The patient did not respond to standard corticosteroid therapy and improved only after pulse doses of 1000 mg methylprednisolone. Although most authors recommend moderately high doses of corticosteroids in the treatment of Trichinellosis, in severe cases extremely high doses might be necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Vojniković
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Hospital Center, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sonda S, Ting LM, Novak S, Kim K, Maher JJ, Farese RV, Ernst JD. Cholesterol esterification by host and parasite is essential for optimal proliferation of Toxoplasma gondii. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:34434-40. [PMID: 11457847 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m105025200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon host cell invasion the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii resides in a specialized compartment termed the parasitophorous vacuole that is derived from the host cell membrane but modified by the parasite. Despite the segregation of the parasitophorous vacuole from the host endocytic network, the intravacuolar parasite has been shown to acquire cholesterol from the host cell. In order to characterize further the role of sterol metabolism in T. gondii biology, we focused our studies on the activity of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), a key enzyme for maintaining the intracellular homeostasis of cholesterol through the formation of cholesterol esters. In this study, we demonstrate that ACAT and cholesterol esters play a crucial role in the optimal replication of T. gondii. Moreover, we identified ACAT activity in T. gondii that can be modulated by pharmacological ACAT inhibitors with a consequent detrimental effect on parasite replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Sonda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0868, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Jonsson CO, Clinton DN, Fahrman M, Mazzaglia G, Novak S, Sörhus K. How do mothers signal shared feeling-states to their infants? An investigation of affect attunement and imitation during the first year of life. Scand J Psychol 2001; 42:377-81. [PMID: 11547913 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9450.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined how mothers signal shared feeling-states to their infants. Affect attunement and imitation were investigated cross-culturally in 39 mother-infant dyads from Sweden (N = 22) and the former Yugoslavia (N = 17) during the first year of life. Video-recordings of playful interaction between mothers and their infants were analysed using the Affect Attunement Protocol. A significant negative association between imitation and age was found, while there was a significant positive association between affect attunement and age. Single occurrences of affect attunement appeared already at two or three months of age, and by 6 months of age episodes of affect attunement were more common than imitation. Frequencies of imitation and affect attunement were similar cross-culturally and in terms of gender, although there was a significant interaction between age and gender. The results suggest that the signalling of shared feeling-states is not a static process. Mothers do not signal shared feeling-states in the same manner at different ages. Imitation is the most important process during the earliest months, but is superseded by affect attunement earlier than previously thought. The functional implications of this developmental variation are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C O Jonsson
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wight NJ, Gottesdiener K, Garlick NM, Atherton CT, Novak S, Gertz BJ, Calder NA, Cote J, Wong P, Dallob A, Hawkey CJ. Rofecoxib, a COX-2 inhibitor, does not inhibit human gastric mucosal prostaglandin production. Gastroenterology 2001; 120:867-73. [PMID: 11231941 DOI: 10.1053/gast.2001.22432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Rofecoxib, an inhibitor of the inducible cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 enzyme, appears not to cause acute gastroduodenal injury or chronic ulceration. To attribute this to COX-2 selectivity with sparing of gastric mucosal prostaglandin synthesis requires direct proof. METHODS Twenty-four healthy, nonsmoking Helicobacter pylori-negative volunteers were randomized to 1 of 2 separate concurrent blinded crossover studies. Sixteen volunteers received rofecoxib, 50 mg once daily, for 5 days in one treatment period and placebo in the other. Eight volunteers similarly received naproxen, 500 mg twice daily, and placebo. On day 5 of each period, antral mucosal prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis was measured by radioimmunoassay after vortexing for 3 minutes. Whole blood COX-1 activity was measured as serum thromboxane (TXB)2- and COX-2 activity as lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced PGE2. RESULTS Naproxen decreased gastric mucosal PGE2 synthesis by 65% (90% confidence interval [CI], 53%-74%; P = 0.001 vs. placebo) in contrast to an 18% increase after rofecoxib (90% CI, -11% to 57%; P = 0.313 vs. placebo). Naproxen also significantly inhibited both serum TXB2 by 94% and LPS-induced PGE2 production by 77% (both P < or = 0.002 vs. placebo), but rofecoxib only inhibited COX-2-dependent LPS-induced PGE(2) (by 79%; P < 0.001 vs. placebo). CONCLUSIONS Rofecoxib (50 mg) lacked naproxen's ability to reduce the availability of gastroprotective prostaglandins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N J Wight
- Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital, Nottingham, England
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lynam DR, Caspi A, Moffitt TE, Wikström PO, Loeber R, Novak S. The interaction between impulsivity and neighborhood context on offending: the effects of impulsivity are stronger in poorer neighborhoods. J Abnorm Psychol 2001. [PMID: 11195980 DOI: 10.1037//0021-843x.109.4.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This research blends 2 traditions of theorizing on the causes of crime, one focused on the role of individual differences and the other focused on structural and contextual variables. Two related studies examined the relations among impulsivity, neighborhood context, and juvenile offending. The first, cross-sectional study uses a large sample of 13-year-old inner-city boys, whereas the second, longitudinal study offers a conceptual replication using 17-year-old inner-city boys who are a subset of the original sample. Across both studies, results indicate that the effects of impulsivity on juvenile offending are stronger in poorer neighborhoods. Furthermore, nonimpulsive boys in poor neighborhoods were at no greater risk for delinquency than nonimpulsive boys in better-off neighborhoods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D R Lynam
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, 115 Kastle Hall, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0044, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|