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Sumner JA, Kim ESH, Wood MJ, Chi G, Nolen J, Grodzinsky A, Gornik HL, Kadian-Dodov D, Wells BJ, Hess CN, Lewey J, Tam L, Henkin S, Orford J, Wells G, Kumbhani DJ, Lindley KJ, Gibson CM, Leon KK, Naderi S. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection: A Report of the International Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection Registry. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e032819. [PMID: 38533943 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction secondary to spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) can be traumatic and potentially trigger posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In a large, multicenter, registry-based cohort, we documented prevalence of lifetime and past-month SCAD-induced PTSD, as well as related treatment seeking, and examined a range of health-relevant correlates of SCAD-induced PTSD. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients with SCAD were enrolled in the iSCAD (International SCAD) Registry. At baseline, site investigators completed medical report forms, and patients reported demographics, medical/SCAD history, psychosocial factors (including SCAD-induced PTSD symptoms), health behaviors, and health status via online questionnaires. Of 1156 registry patients, 859 patients (93.9% women; mean age, 52.3 years) completed questionnaires querying SCAD-induced PTSD. Nearly 35% (n=298) of patients met diagnostic criteria for probable SCAD-induced PTSD in their lifetime, and 6.4% (n=55) met criteria for probable past-month PTSD. Of 811 patients ever reporting any SCAD-induced PTSD symptoms, 34.8% indicated seeking treatment for this distress. However, 46.0% of the 298 patients with lifetime probable SCAD-induced PTSD diagnoses reported never receiving trauma-related treatment. Younger age at first SCAD, fewer years since SCAD, being single, unemployed status, more lifetime trauma, and history of anxiety were associated with greater past-month PTSD symptom severity in multivariable regression models. Greater past-month SCAD-induced PTSD symptoms were associated with greater past-week sleep disturbance and worse past-month disease-specific health status when adjusting for various risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Given the high prevalence of SCAD-induced PTSD symptoms, efforts to support screening for these symptoms and connecting patients experiencing distress with empirically supported treatments are critical next steps. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT04496687.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Sumner
- Department of Psychology University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Esther S H Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - Malissa J Wood
- Division of Cardiology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Gerald Chi
- PERFUSE Study Group, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | | | - Anna Grodzinsky
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Muriel I. Kauffman Women's Heart Center University of Missouri-Kansas City Kansas City MO USA
| | - Heather L Gornik
- Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Daniella Kadian-Dodov
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
| | - Bryan J Wells
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA
| | - Connie N Hess
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora CO USA
| | - Jennifer Lewey
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Lori Tam
- Providence Heart Institute Portland OR USA
| | - Stanislav Henkin
- Heart and Vascular Center Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center Lebanon NH USA
| | - James Orford
- Intermountain Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center Murray UT USA
| | - Gretchen Wells
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA
| | - Dharam J Kumbhani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA
| | - Kathryn J Lindley
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - C Michael Gibson
- PERFUSE Study Group, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | | | - Sahar Naderi
- Division of Cardiology Kaiser Permanente San Francisco CA USA
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Solomon MD, Leong T, Sung SH, Lee C, Allen JG, Huh J, LaPunzina P, Lee H, Mason D, Melikian V, Pellegrini D, Scoville D, Sheikh AY, Mendoza D, Naderi S, Sheridan A, Hu X, Cirimele W, Gisslow A, Leung S, Padilla K, Bloom M, Chung J, Topic A, Vafaei P, Chang R, Miller DC, Liang DH, Go AS. Association of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Size With Long-term Patient Outcomes: The KP-TAA Study. JAMA Cardiol 2022; 7:1160-1169. [PMID: 36197675 PMCID: PMC9535537 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2022.3305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Importance The risk of adverse events from ascending thoracic aorta aneurysm (TAA) is poorly understood but drives clinical decision-making. Objective To evaluate the association of TAA size with outcomes in nonsyndromic patients in a large non-referral-based health care delivery system. Design, Setting, and Participants The Kaiser Permanente Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm (KP-TAA) cohort study was a retrospective cohort study at Kaiser Permanente Northern California, a fully integrated health care delivery system insuring and providing care for more than 4.5 million persons. Nonsyndromic patients from a regional TAA safety net tracking system were included. Imaging data including maximum TAA size were merged with electronic health record (EHR) and comprehensive death data to obtain demographic characteristics, comorbidities, medications, laboratory values, vital signs, and subsequent outcomes. Unadjusted rates were calculated and the association of TAA size with outcomes was evaluated in multivariable competing risk models that categorized TAA size as a baseline and time-updated variable and accounted for potential confounders. Data were analyzed from January 2018 to August 2021. Exposures TAA size. Main Outcomes and Measures Aortic dissection (AD), all-cause death, and elective aortic surgery. Results Of 6372 patients with TAA identified between 2000 and 2016 (mean [SD] age, 68.6 [13.0] years; 2050 female individuals [32.2%] and 4322 male individuals [67.8%]), mean (SD) initial TAA size was 4.4 (0.5) cm (828 individuals [13.0% of cohort] had initial TAA size 5.0 cm or larger and 280 [4.4%] 5.5 cm or larger). Rates of AD were low across a mean (SD) 3.7 (2.5) years of follow-up (44 individuals [0.7% of cohort]; incidence 0.22 events per 100 person-years). Larger initial aortic size was associated with higher risk of AD and all-cause death in multivariable models, with an inflection point in risk at 6.0 cm. Estimated adjusted risks of AD within 5 years were 0.3% (95% CI, 0.3-0.7), 0.6% (95% CI, 0.4-1.3), 1.5% (95% CI, 1.2-3.9), 3.6% (95% CI, 1.8-12.8), and 10.5% (95% CI, 2.7-44.3) in patients with TAA size of 4.0 to 4.4 cm, 4.5 to 4.9 cm, 5.0 to 5.4 cm, 5.5 to 5.9 cm, and 6.0 cm or larger, respectively, in time-updated models. Rates of the composite outcome of AD and all-cause death were higher than for AD alone, but a similar inflection point for increased risk was observed at 6.0 cm. Conclusions and Relevance In a large sociodemographically diverse cohort of patients with TAA, absolute risk of aortic dissection was low but increased with larger aortic sizes after adjustment for potential confounders and competing risks. Our data support current consensus guidelines recommending prophylactic surgery in nonsyndromic individuals with TAA at a 5.5-cm threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Solomon
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
- Department of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente Oakland Medical Center, Oakland, California
| | - Thomas Leong
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Sue Hee Sung
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Catherine Lee
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - J. Geoff Allen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Joseph Huh
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente South Sacramento Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Paul LaPunzina
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Hon Lee
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Santa Clara Medical Center, Santa Clara, California
| | - Duncan Mason
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Santa Clara Medical Center, Santa Clara, California
| | - Vicken Melikian
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel Pellegrini
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - David Scoville
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Santa Clara Medical Center, Santa Clara, California
| | - Ahmad Y. Sheikh
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Dorinna Mendoza
- Department of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente Oakland Medical Center, Oakland, California
| | - Sahar Naderi
- Department of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Ann Sheridan
- Department of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Xinge Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente Fremont Medical Center, Fremont, California
| | - Wendy Cirimele
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente South Sacramento Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Anne Gisslow
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Sandy Leung
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Kristine Padilla
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Santa Clara Medical Center, Santa Clara, California
| | - Michael Bloom
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Josh Chung
- Department of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Adrienne Topic
- Department of Cardiology, WellSpan Health Good Samaritan Hospital, Lebanon, Pennsylvania
| | - Paniz Vafaei
- Department of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert Chang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - D. Craig Miller
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - David H. Liang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Alan S. Go
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
- Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, California
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, San Francisco
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
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3
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Tobler DL, Pruzansky AJ, Naderi S, Ambrosy AP, Slade JJ. Long-Term Cardiovascular Effects of COVID-19: Emerging Data Relevant to the Cardiovascular Clinician. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2022; 24:563-570. [PMID: 35507278 PMCID: PMC9065238 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-022-01032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review COVID-19 is now a global pandemic and the illness affects multiple organ systems, including the cardiovascular system. Long-term cardiovascular consequences of COVID-19 are not yet fully characterized. This review seeks to consolidate available data on long-term cardiovascular complications of COVID-19 infection. Recent Findings Acute cardiovascular complications of COVID-19 infection include myocarditis, pericarditis, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular dysfunction, and arrhythmia. Long-term follow-up shows increased incidence of arrhythmia, heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, right ventricular dysfunction, myocardial fibrosis, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. There is increased mortality in COVID-19 patients after hospital discharge, and initial myocardial injury is associated with increased mortality. Summary Emerging data demonstrates increased incidence of cardiovascular illness and structural changes in recovered COVID-19 patients. Future research will be important in understanding the clinical significance of these structural abnormalities, and to determine the effect of vaccines on preventing long-term cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L Tobler
- Department of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alix J Pruzansky
- Department of Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Santa Clara Medical Center, Santa Clara, CA, USA
| | - Sahar Naderi
- Department of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew P Ambrosy
- Department of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Justin J Slade
- Department of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Grodzinsky A, Kim ES, Gornik HL, Wells BJ, Taylor AM, Lewey J, Hess CN, Henkin S, Kadian-Dodov D, Wells GL, Tam L, Vitarello C, Alkhalfan F, Chi G, Gibson M, Leon K, Naderi S, Wood M. REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH FEATURES ASSOCIATED WITH SPONTANEOUS CORONARY ARTERY DISSECTION: A REPORT OF THE ISCAD REGISTRY. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(22)01959-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wells BJ, Wood MJ, Grodzinsky A, Gornik HL, Kadian-Dodov D, Taylor AM, Hess CN, Lewey J, Henkin S, Wells GL, Tam L, Vitarello C, Alkhalfan F, Chi G, Gibson CM, Leon K, Naderi S, Kim SH. MIGRAINE HEADACHE IN PATIENTS WITH SPONTANEOUS CORONARY ARTERY DISSECTION: A REPORT OF THE ISCAD REGISTRY. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(22)02796-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Kim SH, Naderi S, Grodzinsky A, Gornik HL, Wells BJ, Taylor A, Lewey J, Hess CN, Henkin S, Kadian-Dodov D, Wells GL, Tam L, Vitarello C, Alkhalfan F, Chi G, Gibson CM, Leon K, Wood MJ. PREVALENCE OF POTENTIAL TRIGGERS AND UNDERLYING MEDICAL CONDITIONS IN SPONTANEOUS CORONARY ARTERY DISSECTION: A REPORT OF THE ISCAD REGISTRY. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(22)01961-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Chen S, Merchant M, Mahrer KN, Ambrosy AP, Lundstrom RJ, Naderi S. Pregnancy-Associated Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection: Clinical Characteristics, Outcomes, and Risk During Subsequent Pregnancy. J Invasive Cardiol 2021; 33:E457-E466. [PMID: 34001675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a common cause of pregnancy-associated myocardial infarction. METHODS This study compares the clinical course and longitudinal follow-up of 22 cases of pregnancy-associated SCAD (P-SCAD) with 285 cases of non-pregnancy SCAD (NP-SCAD) from Kaiser Permanente Northern California between September 2002 through June 2017. RESULTS Age in the P-SCAD group was significantly lower than in the NP-SCAD group (37.1 ± 5.7 years vs 50.9 ± 9.9 years, respectively; P<.001). Both cohorts were racially diverse, but the P-SCAD group had fewer whites (27.3% vs 50.7%; P=.03). The P-SCAD group had higher multigravidity (54.6% vs 31.4%; P=.03) and 68.2% were of advanced maternal age. The rates of ST-elevation myocardial infarction, ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation, and left main coronary dissection were similar. Proximal vessel dissection (31.8% vs 7.7%; P<.01), multiple vessel dissection (31.8% vs 9.5%; P<.01), and reduced ejection fraction at presentation (49.6 ± 10.5% vs 55.7 ± 10.4%; P=.01) were more common in the P-SCAD group vs the NP-SCAD group, respectively. More P-SCAD patients had cardiogenic shock and/or required intra-aortic balloon pump support (9.1% vs 1.1%; P=.04). Medical management was the principal coronary treatment strategy in both groups. P-SCAD patients experienced more major adverse cardiovascular events (50.0% vs 26.0%; P=.02), driven by persistent reduced ejection fraction ≤45% at follow-up (18.2% vs 5.3%; P=.04). Recurrent SCAD (18.2% vs 11.2%; P=.31) and cardiovascular death (0% vs 0.4%; P>.99) were similar in the P-SCAD group vs the NP-SCAD group, respectively. Seven patients had successful subsequent pregnancies without cardiac complications. CONCLUSION P-SCAD has a higher-risk presentation, but similar long-term prognosis compared with NP-SCAD. In addition, subsequent pregnancy after SCAD may present acceptable risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente San Rafael Medical Center, 99 Montecillo Road, San Rafael, CA 94903 USA.
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8
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Jain V, Rifai MA, Naderi S, Barolia R, Iqbal S, Taj M, Jia X, Merchant AT, Aronow WS, Virani SS. State-Level Temporal Trends in Smokeless Tobacco and Cigarette Use Among U.S. Adults. Am J Cardiol 2021; 142:145-147. [PMID: 33359197 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Jain V, Rifai MA, Naderi S, Barolia R, Iqbal S, Taj M, Jia X, Merchant AT, Aronow WS, Morris PB, Virani SS. Association of Smokeless Tobacco Use With the Use of Other Illicit Drugs in the United States. Am J Med 2021; 134:e15-e19. [PMID: 32621908 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been an increase in the use of smokeless tobacco recently. Whether smokeless tobacco use may predispose individuals to use other addictive substances is unknown. The use of multiple addictive substances may compound an individual's adverse health effects. METHODS In a cross-sectional analysis, we used the 2016-2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey database to identify all individuals who reported the use of smokeless tobacco and extracted data regarding baseline and demographic patterns, as well as information regarding the use of other addictive substances. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, poverty level, education, employment status, and marital status were used to determine the odds ratios (ORs) for use of alcohol, cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and marijuana among smokeless tobacco users. RESULTS We identified 30,395 (3.38%) individuals in our study population who reported smokeless tobacco use. Compared with non-users, smokeless tobacco users were more likely to be unmarried, male, Caucasian, belonging to the lower socioeconomic strata, and did not have a formal college education (P <0.01). In multivariable analyses, smokeless tobacco use was associated with a higher likelihood of cigarettes use (OR: 1.76 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 1.66-1.86, P <0.01]), e-cigarette use (OR: 1.61 [95% CI: 1.52-1.71, P <0.01]), and heavy alcohol consumption (OR:2.36 [95% CI: 2.17-2.56, P <0.01]) but not marijuana use (OR: 1.11 [95% CI: 0.90-1.38, P = 0.33]). CONCLUSION In a large, nationally representative sample, smokeless tobacco use was associated with the increased use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and alcohol. Simultaneous use of these substances may compound the adverse health effects of smokeless tobacco use. Public health interventions addressing this concerning trend are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vardhmaan Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Sahar Naderi
- Department of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente, San Francisco, Calif
| | | | | | | | - Xiaoming Jia
- Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - Anwar T Merchant
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Wilbert S Aronow
- Department of Cardiology, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
| | - Pamela B Morris
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Salim S Virani
- Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex; Health Policy, Quality & Informatics Program, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center Health Services Research and Development Center for Innovations, Houston, Tex; Section of Cardiology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Tex.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the data regarding periodontitis and its association with cardiovascular disease (CVD), as well as a closer look at the connection between periodontitis and valvular heart disease. RECENT FINDINGS The body of literature that demonstrates an association between periodontitis and CVD is growing, and there is increasing evidence that periodontal disease (PD) can have negative cardiovascular effects. Far less data is available for the management of periodontitis specifically in those with valvular heart disease. However, recent studies suggest that routine preoperative dental evaluation practices may not be necessary in all patients and, similar to changes in antibiotic prophylaxis, may only be indicated for a select group of individuals. There is a strong association between PD and CVD, although a causal relationship is yet to be elucidated. Further data is needed in this regard, as well as in determining the appropriate management of PD in those with valvular heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Naderi
- Division of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente, 2238 Geary Boulevard 8th Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA.
| | - Anwar T Merchant
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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Elkaryoni A, Kennedy KF, Grodzinsky A, Naderi S, Wood MJ, Kim ESS, Stevens T, Arnold SV. Abstract 105: Rehospitalization After Admission With Myocardial Infarction and Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2020. [DOI: 10.1161/hcq.13.suppl_1.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is one of the most common non-atherosclerotic causes of myocardial infarction (MI) in young patients, yet little is known about post-discharge outcomes. Given the high psychological stress of a SCAD diagnosis, we sought to understand the rehospitalization burden after SCAD so as to provide more prognostic data to SCAD patients.
Methods:
Using data from the Nationwide Readmission Database 2010-16, we identified patients 18-55 years of age hospitalized with MI with and without SCAD. We compared readmission over 1 year after index hospitalization for all-cause, MI, chest pain without MI, and heart failure. Cox proportional regression was used to examine factors associated with readmission, and we explored interactions of patient factors*SCAD to identify factors associated with differential risk of readmission in patients with SCAD.
Results:
Among 327,227 young patients admitted with an MI, 3704 (1.1%) had a diagnosis of SCAD. Patients with SCAD were more likely to be younger, women, have a higher burden of anxiety or depression, and longer length of stay compared with those without SCAD. While the risk of all-cause rehospitalization over 1 year was similar in those with versus without SCAD (KM-estimated rates: 22.3% vs. 24.1%; log-rank p=0.596, Figure), patients with SCAD were more likely to be rehospitalized for MI (4.9% vs. 4.2%, log-rank p=0.012) and chest pain without MI (3.6% vs. 2.8%, log-rank p=0.060) but less likely to be rehospitalized for heart failure (1.0 % vs. 1.8%, log-rank p=0.005). In the multivariable model, a diagnosis of SCAD was not associated with risk of rehospitalization (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.92-1.08) nor was a diagnosis of SCAD associated with a differential effect of any of the patient factors on the risk of rehospitalization (all interaction p-values >0.05).
Conclusion:
Although patients with SCAD had a similar risk of rehospitalization compared with young patients with MI but without SCAD, we identified different patterns of hospitalization, which may be explained by the different underlying conditions. Further studies are needed to investigate possible interventions to reduce the high burden of post-SCAD rehospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tracy Stevens
- Saint Luke's Mid-America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO
| | - Suzanne V Arnold
- Saint Luke's Mid-America Heart Institute and UMKC, Kansas City, MO
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Naderi S, Moradi MH, Farhadian M, Yin T, Jaeger M, Scheper C, Korkuc P, Brockmann GA, König S, May K. Assessing selection signatures within and between selected lines of dual-purpose black and white and German Holstein cattle. Anim Genet 2020; 51:391-408. [PMID: 32100321 DOI: 10.1111/age.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to detect selection signatures considering cows from the German Holstein (GH) and the local dual-purpose black and white (DSN) population, as well as from generated sub-populations. The 4654 GH and 261 DSN cows were genotyped with the BovineSNP50 Genotyping BeadChip. The geographical herd location was used as an environmental descriptor to create the East-DSN and West-DSN sub-populations. In addition, two further sub-populations of GH cows were generated, using the extreme values for solutions of residual effects of cows for the claw disorder dermatitis digitalis. These groups represented the most susceptible and most resistant cows. We used cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity methodology (XP-EHH) to identify the most recent selection signatures. Furthermore, we calculated Wright's fixation index (FST ). Chromosomal segments for the top 0.1 percentile of negative or positive XP-EHH scores were studied in detail. For gene annotations, we used the Ensembl database and we considered a window of 250 kbp downstream and upstream of each core SNP corresponding to peaks of XP-EHH. In addition, functional interactions among potential candidate genes were inferred via gene network analyses. The most outstanding XP-EHH score was on chromosome 12 (at 77.34 Mb) for DSN and on chromosome 20 (at 36.29-38.42 Mb) for GH. Selection signature locations harbored QTL for several economically important milk and meat quality traits, reflecting the different breeding goals for GH and DSN. The average FST value between GH and DSN was quite low (0.068), indicating shared founders. For group stratifications according to cow health, several identified potential candidate genes influence disease resistance, especially to dermatitis digitalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Naderi
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Ludwigstr. 21b, Giessen, Germany
| | - M H Moradi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Arak University, Shahid Beheshti Street, Arak, Iran
| | - M Farhadian
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tabriz, 29 Bahman Boulevard, Tabriz, Iran
| | - T Yin
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Ludwigstr. 21b, Giessen, Germany
| | - M Jaeger
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Ludwigstr. 21b, Giessen, Germany
| | - C Scheper
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Ludwigstr. 21b, Giessen, Germany
| | - P Korkuc
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer Institute for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, Berlin, D-10115, Germany
| | - G A Brockmann
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer Institute for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, Berlin, D-10115, Germany
| | - S König
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Ludwigstr. 21b, Giessen, Germany
| | - K May
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Ludwigstr. 21b, Giessen, Germany
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Chen S, Ambrosy AP, Mahrer KN, Lundstrom RJ, Naderi S. Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection and Incident Ventricular Arrhythmias. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2020; 13:539-541. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2019.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Chen S, Merchant M, Mahrer KN, Lundstrom RJ, Naderi S, Goh AC. Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection: Clinical Characteristics, Management, and Outcomes in a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Community-Based Cohort. Perm J 2019; 23:18.278. [PMID: 31926571 DOI: 10.7812/tpp/18.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a cause of acute coronary syndrome, which predominantly affects healthy women; however, few data define this vulnerable population. OBJECTIVE To identify demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with SCAD and determine outcomes in a community-based cohort. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study of patients with SCAD at Kaiser Permanente Northern California during a 10-year period. We compared 111 SCAD cases with 333 healthy, matched controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Predisposing factors, treatment modalities, and inhospital and late outcomes. RESULTS Patients with SCAD had a mean age (standard deviation) of 48.1 (11) years; 92.8% were women, and 49.5% were nonwhite. Of women, 9% were peripartum. Fibromuscular dysplasia was identified in 21.8% of femoral angiograms obtained. With conditional logistic regression, only pregnancy and hyperlipidemia were associated with SCAD compared with controls. Fifty-five patients (49.5%) were successfully treated without revascularization; of the 54 who had urgent percutaneous coronary intervention, 2 required coronary artery bypass grafting for SCAD extension. During a median follow-up of 2.6 years, major adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 8.1% of patients. Pregnancy-related SCAD was not associated with worsened outcomes. However, Emergency Department visits or hospitalizations because of recurrent chest pain occurred frequently for 54% of patients with SCAD. CONCLUSION The study cohort is comparable to published SCAD cohorts, but notable for a racially and ethnically diverse population. Compared with the controls, only pregnancy and hyperlipidemia were associated with SCAD. For the SCAD cases, major adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 8.1%, and race did not influence outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sahar Naderi
- Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, CA
| | - Anne Ch Goh
- Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, CA
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Edwards KS, Hekler AC, Baum J, Nejedly M, Tsai S, Khandelwal A, Naderi S, Hoover V, Tremmel JA. Psychological Distress Among Female Cardiac Patients Presenting to a Women's Heart Health Clinic. Am J Cardiol 2019; 123:2026-2030. [PMID: 31006484 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Female cardiac patients are at greater risk for mental health disorders than their male counterparts, and these mental health disorders have been associated with increased cardiac morbidity and mortality. However, few studies have closely examined the mental health disorders found among the female cardiac population. The primary aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of psychological distress in a sample of female cardiac outpatients at an academic medical center. A secondary aim was to determine whether different demographic variables, cardiac risk factors, or cardiac diagnoses were associated with different levels of emotional distress. A survey, including demographic information, medical status, and standardized symptom measures was completed by 117 female patients scheduled for medical visits at an outpatient women's heart health clinic over a 4-month period. Using standardized self-report questionnaires, 38% scored in the moderate-to-severe range for at least 1 mental disorder and 50% endorsed current insomnia. Symptoms of clinical depression (20%) and anxiety (42)% were endorsed at higher rates than predominantly male or mixed comparison samples. Although there was no apparent relation between the severity of cardiac problems and the degree of psychological distress, women with diagnoses of hyperlipidemia, prediabetes, and diabetes reported greater psychological distress than those without these problems. Women with lower income also reported more psychological distress. In conclusion, our findings suggest an unmet need for integrated mental health services for female cardiac patients.
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Naderi S, Morsali A, Bozorgmehr MR, Beyramabadi SA. Mechanistic, Energetic and Structural Studies of γ-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles Functionalized with Drug Artemisinin. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023619040156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Chen S, Avula H, Ambrosy A, Lundstrom R, Naderi S. SPONTANEOUS CORONARY ARTERY DISSECTION AND INCIDENT VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS: FREQUENCY, CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS, AND OUTCOMES. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(19)31153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Bohlouli M, Alijani S, Naderi S, Yin T, König S. Prediction accuracies and genetic parameters for test-day traits from genomic and pedigree-based random regression models with or without heat stress interactions. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:488-502. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a non-inflammatory, non-atherosclerotic cause of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) that, by definition, is not iatrogenic or due to trauma. It is a condition that predominantly affects pre- or perimenopausal women without the traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In this review, we will discuss the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of this condition, with an emphasis on the ongoing research needed to better understand how to care for patients with SCAD. RECENT FINDINGS: There is a paucity of data related to this condition. However, an American Heart Association consensus statement has recently been released that provides helpful insight. There has also been better characterization of pregnancy-associated SCAD. We have learned much about SCAD over the last decade and greatly increased the identification of this condition by first responders and physicians through research and patient advocacy. However, there is much we still do not know about this condition, and further research, using larger numbers of patients, is greatly needed to better understand this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Naderi
- Division of Cardiology, Kaiser Northern California, 2238 Geary Boulevard, 8th Floor, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Panahi Fard M, Mahvi AH, Bahojb A, Naderi S, Karyab H. Background monitoring and spatial analysis of total organic carbon in groundwater in Qazvin plain. J Qazvin Univ Med Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/qums.22.2.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
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Hayes SN, Kim ESH, Saw J, Adlam D, Arslanian-Engoren C, Economy KE, Ganesh SK, Gulati R, Lindsay ME, Mieres JH, Naderi S, Shah S, Thaler DE, Tweet MS, Wood MJ. Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection: Current State of the Science: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2018; 137:e523-e557. [PMID: 29472380 PMCID: PMC5957087 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 658] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) has emerged as an important cause of acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, and sudden death, particularly among young women and individuals with few conventional atherosclerotic risk factors. Patient-initiated research has spurred increased awareness of SCAD, and improved diagnostic capabilities and findings from large case series have led to changes in approaches to initial and long-term management and increasing evidence that SCAD not only is more common than previously believed but also must be evaluated and treated differently from atherosclerotic myocardial infarction. High rates of recurrent SCAD; its association with female sex, pregnancy, and physical and emotional stress triggers; and concurrent systemic arteriopathies, particularly fibromuscular dysplasia, highlight the differences in clinical characteristics of SCAD compared with atherosclerotic disease. Recent insights into the causes of, clinical course of, treatment options for, outcomes of, and associated conditions of SCAD and the many persistent knowledge gaps are presented.
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Naderi S, Bohlouli M, Yin T, König S. Genomic breeding values, SNP effects and gene identification for disease traits in cow training sets. Anim Genet 2018; 49:178-192. [PMID: 29624705 DOI: 10.1111/age.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Holstein Friesian cow training sets were created according to disease incidences. The different datasets were used to investigate the impact of random forest (RF) and genomic BLUP (GBLUP) methodology on genomic prediction accuracies. In addition, for further verifications of some specific scenarios, single-step genomic BLUP was applied. Disease traits included the overall trait categories of (i) claw disorders, (ii) clinical mastitis and (iii) infertility from 80 741 first lactation Holstein cows kept in 58 large-scale herds. A subset of 6744 cows was genotyped (50K SNP panel). Response variables for all scenarios were de-regressed proofs (DRPs) and pre-corrected phenotypes (PCPs). Initially, all sick cows were allocated to the testing set, and healthy cows represented the training set. For the ongoing cow allocation schemes, the number of sick cows in the training set increased stepwise by moving 10% of the sick cows from the testing to the training set in each step. The size of training and testing sets was kept constant by replacing the same number of cows in the testing set with (randomly selected) healthy cows from the training set. For both the RF and GBLUP methods, prediction accuracies were larger for DRPs compared to PCPs. For PCPs as a response variable, the largest prediction accuracies were observed when the disease incidences in training sets reflected the disease incidence in the whole population. A further increase in prediction accuracies for some selected cow allocation schemes (i.e. larger prediction accuracies compared to corresponding scenarios with RF or GBLUB) was achieved via single-step GBLUP applications. Correlations between genome-wide association study SNP effects and RF importance criteria for single SNPs were in a moderate range, from 0.42 to 0.57, when considering SNPs from all chromosomes or from specific chromosome segments. RF identified significant SNPs close to potential positional candidate genes: GAS1, GPAT3 and CYP2R1 for clinical mastitis; SPINK5 and SLC26A2 for laminitis; and FGF12 for endometritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Naderi
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Gießen, Ludwigstr. 21b, 35390, Gießen, Germany
| | - M Bohlouli
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Gießen, Ludwigstr. 21b, 35390, Gießen, Germany
| | - T Yin
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Gießen, Ludwigstr. 21b, 35390, Gießen, Germany
| | - S König
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Gießen, Ludwigstr. 21b, 35390, Gießen, Germany
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a non-atherosclerotic, non-traumatic cause of coronary artery dissection. SCAD is the most common cause of myocardial infarction in pregnancy or the postpartum period and results in significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the pregnant population. It is important to consider pregnancy-associated spontaneous coronary artery dissection (PASCAD) high on the differential for a pregnant woman who presents with symptoms consistent with acute coronary syndrome. Management of these patients requires a thoughtful, multidisciplinary approach, with consideration of conservative management if possible. Counseling regarding future pregnancies is also critical and requires compassionate care. Given our limited understanding of SCAD, including PASCAD, more data and research are needed to help guide diagnosis, management, and determination of prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Naderi
- Department of Cardiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Ghaedi M, Naderi S, Montazerozohori M, Taghizadeh F, Asghari A. Chemically modified multiwalled carbon nanotube carbon paste electrode for copper determination. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Lenstra JA, Tigchelaar J, Biebach I, Hallsson JH, Kantanen J, Nielsen VH, Pompanon F, Naderi S, Rezaei HR, Saether N, Ertugrul O, Grossen C, Camenisch G, Vos-Loohuis M, van Straten M, de Poel EA, Windig J, Oldenbroek K. Microsatellite diversity of the Nordic type of goats in relation to breed conservation: how relevant is pure ancestry? J Anim Breed Genet 2016; 134:78-84. [PMID: 27339108 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, several endangered breeds of livestock species have been re-established effectively. However, the successful revival of the Dutch and Danish Landrace goats involved crossing with exotic breeds and the ancestry of the current populations is therefore not clear. We have generated genotypes for 27 FAO-recommended microsatellites of these landraces and three phenotypically similar Nordic-type landraces and compared these breeds with central European, Mediterranean and south-west Asian goats. We found decreasing levels of genetic diversity with increasing distance from the south-west Asian domestication site with a south-east-to-north-west cline that is clearly steeper than the Mediterranean east-to-west cline. In terms of genetic diversity, the Dutch Landrace comes next to the isolated Icelandic breed, which has an extremely low diversity. The Norwegian coastal goat and the Finnish and Icelandic landraces are clearly related. It appears that by a combination of mixed origin and a population bottleneck, the Dutch and Danish Land-races are separated from the other breeds. However, the current Dutch and Danish populations with the multicoloured and long-horned appearance effectively substitute for the original breed, illustrating that for conservation of cultural heritage, the phenotype of a breed is more relevant than pure ancestry and the genetic diversity of the original breed. More in general, we propose that for conservation, the retention of genetic diversity of an original breed and of the visual phenotype by which the breed is recognized and defined needs to be considered separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Lenstra
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Tigchelaar
- Stichting Zeldzame Huisdierrassen, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - I Biebach
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - J H Hallsson
- Faculty of Land and Animal Resources, Agricultural University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - J Kantanen
- Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Jokioinen, Finland.,Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - V H Nielsen
- Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - F Pompanon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - S Naderi
- Environmental Sciences Department, Natural Resources Faculty, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
| | - H-R Rezaei
- Environmental Sciences Department, Gorgan University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - N Saether
- Norwegian Genetic Resource Centre, Ås, Norway
| | - O Ertugrul
- Veterinary Faculty, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - C Grossen
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - G Camenisch
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Vos-Loohuis
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M van Straten
- Stichting Zeldzame Huisdierrassen, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - E A de Poel
- Stichting Zeldzame Huisdierrassen, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Windig
- Animal Sciences Group and Centre for Genetic Resources-Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - K Oldenbroek
- Stichting Zeldzame Huisdierrassen, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Animal Sciences Group and Centre for Genetic Resources-Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands
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Naderi S, Yin T, König S. Random forest estimation of genomic breeding values for disease susceptibility over different disease incidences and genomic architectures in simulated cow calibration groups. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:7261-7273. [PMID: 27344385 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-10887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A simulation study was conducted to investigate the performance of random forest (RF) and genomic BLUP (GBLUP) for genomic predictions of binary disease traits based on cow calibration groups. Training and testing sets were modified in different scenarios according to disease incidence, the quantitative-genetic background of the trait (h(2)=0.30 and h(2)=0.10), and the genomic architecture [725 quantitative trait loci (QTL) and 290 QTL, populations with high and low levels of linkage disequilibrium (LD)]. For all scenarios, 10,005 SNP (depicting a low-density 10K SNP chip) and 50,025 SNP (depicting a 50K SNP chip) were evenly spaced along 29 chromosomes. Training and testing sets included 20,000 cows (4,000 sick, 16,000 healthy, disease incidence 20%) from the last 2 generations. Initially, 4,000 sick cows were assigned to the testing set, and the remaining 16,000 healthy cows represented the training set. In the ongoing allocation schemes, the number of sick cows in the training set increased stepwise by moving 10% of the sick animals from the testing set to the training set, and vice versa. The size of the training and testing sets was kept constant. Evaluation criteria for both GBLUP and RF were the correlations between genomic breeding values and true breeding values (prediction accuracy), and the area under the receiving operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Prediction accuracy and AUROC increased for both methods and all scenarios as increasing percentages of sick cows were allocated to the training set. Highest prediction accuracies were observed for disease incidences in training sets that reflected the population disease incidence of 0.20. For this allocation scheme, the largest prediction accuracies of 0.53 for RF and of 0.51 for GBLUP, and the largest AUROC of 0.66 for RF and of 0.64 for GBLUP, were achieved using 50,025 SNP, a heritability of 0.30, and 725 QTL. Heritability decreases from 0.30 to 0.10 and QTL reduction from 725 to 290 were associated with decreasing prediction accuracy and decreasing AUROC for all scenarios. This decrease was more pronounced for RF. Also, the increase of LD had stronger effect on RF results than on GBLUP results. The highest prediction accuracy from the low LD scenario was 0.30 from RF and 0.36 from GBLUP, and increased to 0.39 for both methods in the high LD population. Random forest successfully identified important SNP in close map distance to QTL explaining a high proportion of the phenotypic trait variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Naderi
- Department of Animal Breeding, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - T Yin
- Department of Animal Breeding, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - S König
- Department of Animal Breeding, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany.
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Abstract
Experimental data of the DNA cyclization (J-factor) at short length scales exceed the theoretical expectation based on the wormlike chain (WLC) model by several orders of magnitude. Here, we propose that asymmetric bending rigidity of the double helix in the groove direction can be responsible for extreme bendability of DNA at short length scales and it also facilitates DNA loop formation at these lengths. To account for the bending asymmetry, we consider the asymmetric elastic rod (AER) model which has been introduced and parametrized in an earlier study [B. Eslami-Mossallam and M. R. Ejtehadi, Phys. Rev. E 80, 011919 (2009)]. Exploiting a coarse grained representation of the DNA molecule at base pair (bp) level and using the Monte Carlo simulation method in combination with the umbrella sampling technique, we calculate the loop formation probability of DNA in the AER model. We show that the DNA molecule has a larger J-factor compared to the WLC model which is in excellent agreement with recent experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Salari
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9161, Tehran, Iran
| | - B Eslami-Mossallam
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - S Naderi
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9161, Tehran, Iran
| | - M R Ejtehadi
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9161, Tehran, Iran
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Vidula M, Duran J, Partida R, Coppolino W, Naderi S, Wood M. PATIENTS WITH SPONTANEOUS CORONARY ARTERY DISSECTION DEMONSTRATE WALL MOTION ABNORMALITIES CONSISTENT WITH TAKOTSUBO CARDIOMYOPATHY. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(16)30319-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Miri M, Behzad-Behbahani A, Fardaei M, Farhadi A, Talebkhan Y, Mohammadi M, Tayebinia M, Farokhinejad F, Alavi P, Fanian M, Zare F, Saberzade J, Nikouyan N, Okhovat M, Ranjbaran R, Rafiei Dehbidi G, Naderi S. Construction of bacterial ghosts for transfer and expression of a chimeric hepatitis C virus gene in macrophages. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 119:228-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abstract
The significant impact of cardiovascular disease on women is receiving increasing attention, and as a result, we are becoming aware of notable sex differences in the underlying mechanisms, presentation, and response to treatment. This review highlights the importance of continued research focused on women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Naderi
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Naderi S, Wang Y, Miller AL, Rodriguez F, Chung MK, Radford MJ, Foody JM. The impact of age on the epidemiology of atrial fibrillation hospitalizations. Am J Med 2014; 127:158.e1-7. [PMID: 24332722 PMCID: PMC4436031 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given that 4 million individuals in the United States have atrial fibrillation, understanding the epidemiology of this disease is crucial. We sought to identify and characterize the impact of age on national atrial fibrillation hospitalization patterns. METHODS The study sample was drawn from the 2009-2010 Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Patients hospitalized with a principal International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision discharge diagnosis of atrial fibrillation were included. Patients were categorized as "older" (≥65 years) or "younger" (<65 years) for the purposes of analysis. The outcomes measured included hospitalization rate, length of stay, in-hospital mortality, and discharge status. RESULTS We identified 192,846 atrial fibrillation hospitalizations. There was significant geographic variation in hospitalizations for both younger and older age groups. States with high hospitalizations differed from those states known to have high stroke mortality. Younger patients (33% of the sample) were more likely to be obese (21% vs 8%, P < .001) and to use alcohol (8% vs 2%, P < .001). Older patients were more likely to have kidney disease (14% vs 7%, P < .001). Both age groups had high rates of hypertension and diabetes. Older patients had higher in-hospital mortality and were more likely to be discharged to a nursing or intermediate care facility. CONCLUSIONS Younger patients account for a substantial minority of atrial fibrillation hospitalizations in contemporary practice. Younger patients are healthier, with a different distribution of risk factors, than older patients who have higher associated morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Naderi
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - Amy L Miller
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Fátima Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Mina K Chung
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Joanne M Foody
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass.
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Naderi S, Rodriguez F, Wang Y, Foody JM. Racial disparities in hospitalizations, procedural treatments and mortality of patients hospitalized with atrial fibrillation. Ethn Dis 2014; 24:144-149. [PMID: 24804358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore racial differences in characteristics, procedural treatments, and mortality of hospitalized atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. BACKGROUND Despite a higher burden of AF risk factors, Black individuals have a lower prevalence of AF than their White counterparts. There is suggestion that AF may go undetected in minority groups, and there may be disparities in both diagnosis and treatment of AF. METHODS The study sample was drawn from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project database created by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Outcomes included AF hospitalization rate, in-hospital procedures performed, and in-hospital mortality within 6 defined sex-race subgroups: Black males, Black females, White males, White females, other males, and other females. RESULTS 165,319 hospitalizations (41% White male, 41% White female, 4% Black male, 4% Black female, 5% other male, 5% other female) with a primary discharge diagnosis of AF were identified. Black males and females were significantly younger than White patients and had more traditional and non-traditional risk factors. Black males and females were significantly less likely to have an ablation procedure or cardioversion than White males. Black race was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (Odds Ratio [95% CI] of 1.90 [1.5, 2.5] for Black males and 1.38 [1.1, 1.8] for Black females). CONCLUSION Using a large, contemporary sample of inpatients, we found significant racial differences in baseline characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of patients hospitalized with AF. There appear to be important racial disparities in the care of minorities who are hospitalized with AF that require further investigation.
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Rassi AN, AlJaroudi W, Naderi S, Alraies MC, Menon V, Rodriguez L, Grimm R, Griffin B, Jaber WA. Exercise stress echocardiography in patients with aortic stenosis: impact of baseline diastolic dysfunction and functional capacity on mortality and aortic valve replacement. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2013; 3:205-15. [PMID: 24400204 PMCID: PMC3878118 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-3652.2013.10.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with aortic stenosis (AS) often undergo exercise echocardiography. Diastolic dysfunction (DD) is frequently associated with AS but little is known about its impact on functional capacity (FC). We sought to determine the relationship between DD and FC and their impact on mortality and need for aortic valve replacement (AVR) in patients with AS. METHODS AND RESULTS Data was analyzed for consecutive patients with any degree of AS undergoing exercise stress echocardiography between 2000 and 2010 at our institution. The primary endpoint was a composite of death or need for AVR. We identified 1,267 patients [mean age 67±11 years, ejection fraction (56±7)%, mean aortic valve gradient 19±12 mmHg, mean maximal metabolic equivalents (METs) achieved 8±2.6]. The proportion with normal, stage 1, and ≥ stage 2 diastology was 195 (15%), 928 (73%), 144 (12%). A total of 475 (37.5%) patients had a primary outcome with 164 deaths (mean follow up 5.6±4.1 years) and 341 AVR (mean follow up 2.4±2.6 years). Predictors of FC were age, gender, body mass index, Bruce protocol, heart rate recovery (HRR), ejection fraction, mean aortic valve gradient, and diabetes but not baseline DD. Baseline DD [HR 1.82, 95% CI (1.17, 2.82), P=0.008] and FC [HR 0.93, 95% CI (0.88, 0.98), P=0.003] were independent predictors of death or AVR. CONCLUSIONS For patients with AS undergoing exercise echocardiography, baseline DD was not predictive of FC. However, both baseline DD and FC were independent predictors of death or need for AVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N. Rassi
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wael AlJaroudi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon;,Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sahar Naderi
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - M Chadi Alraies
- Institute of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Venu Menon
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Richard Grimm
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian Griffin
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Wael A. Jaber
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Abstract
Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999 to 2004 were pooled for this study. Compared with coronary artery disease (CAD), a greater proportion of individuals with peripheral artery disease (PAD) were female, black, and active smokers. Patients with PAD had significantly higher serum concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and C-reactive protein than those with CAD alone. The risk of CAD increased with serum cotinine levels >0.02 ng/mL. However, the risk of PAD increased only with serum cotinine levels >138 ng/mL. Despite this association, there was no significant association of secondhand smoke exposure with CAD or PAD. In conclusion, patients with CAD and PAD differed with respect to several demographic and biochemical factors. The relationship between PAD and cotinine demonstrated a threshold phenomenon (serum cotinine levels >138 ng/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikhar Agarwal
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sahar Naderi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Ghaedi M, Taghavimoghadam N, Naderi S, Sahraei R, Daneshfar A. Comparison of removal of bromothymol blue from aqueous solution by multiwalled carbon nanotube and Zn(OH)2 nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon: A thermodynamic study. J IND ENG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Stevens K, Beattie E, Delles C, Jardine A, Neumann K, Fang L, Ritz E, Gross-Weissmann ML, Kokeny G, Nakano C, Hamano T, Fujii N, Matsui I, Mikami S, Obi Y, Shimomura A, Rakugi H, Tsubakihara Y, Isaka Y, Torremade N, Arcidiacono MV, Valcheva P, Bozic M, Fernandez E, Valdivielso JM, Rotondi S, Pasquali M, Conte C, Leonangeli C, Muci ML, Pirro G, Tartaglione L, Mazzaferro S, Janssen U, Naderi S, Hennies M, Kruger T, Brandenburg V. CKD-MBD - A. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Naderi S, Foody JM. Ezetimibe and simvastatin for the prevention of cardiovascular events in predialysis chronic kidney disease patients: a review. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2013; 5:165-9. [PMID: 23293535 PMCID: PMC3534534 DOI: 10.2147/ijnrd.s28159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of chronic kidney disease patients die of cardiovascular disease prior to reaching end-stage renal disease. The combination of ezetimibe and a statin has been the focus of a number of recent studies, given initial data showing a substantial reduction in low- density lipoprotein with the addition of ezetimibe. However, it is unclear how this low-density lipoprotein reduction impacts cardiovascular disease outcomes. This review will briefly discuss the burden of cardiovascular disease and the pathophysiology of dyslipidemia in chronic kidney disease patients. It will then assess the data regarding the impact of adding ezetimibe to a statin on the general population, and specifically predialysis chronic kidney disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Naderi
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Rodriguez F, Naderi S, Wang Y, Johnson CE, Foody JM. High prevalence of metabolic syndrome in young Hispanic women: findings from the national Sister to Sister campaign. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2012; 11:81-6. [PMID: 23259587 DOI: 10.1089/met.2012.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hispanics are the fastest growing segment of the U.S. population and have a higher prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors as compared with non-Hispanic whites. Further data suggests that Hispanics have undiagnosed complications of metabolic syndrome, namely diabetes mellitus, at an earlier age. We sought to better understand the epidemiology of metabolic syndrome in Hispanic women using data from a large, community-based health screening program. METHODS Using data from the Sister to Sister: The Women's Heart Health Foundation community health fairs from 2008 to 2009 held in 17 U.S. cities, we sought to characterize how cardiometabolic risk profiles vary across age for women by race and ethnicity. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the updated National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) guidelines, which included three or more of the following: Waist circumference ≥35 inches, triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) <50 mg/dL, systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mmHg, or a fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL. RESULTS A total of 6843 community women were included in the analyses. Metabolic syndrome had a prevalence of 35%. The risk-adjusted odds ratio for metabolic syndrome in Hispanic women versus white women was 1.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.4, 2.0). Dyslipidemia was the strongest predictor of metabolic syndrome among Hispanic women. This disparity appeared most pronounced for younger women. Additional predictors of metabolic syndrome included black race, increasing age, and smoking. CONCLUSIONS In a large, nationally representative sample of women, we found that metabolic syndrome was highly prevalent among young Hispanic women. Efforts specifically targeted to identifying these high-risk women are necessary to prevent the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Gebremedhin B, Ficetola GF, Naderi S, Rezaei HR, Maudet C, Rioux D, Luikart G, Flagstad Ø, Thuiller W, Taberlet P. Frontiers in identifying conservation units: from neutral markers to adaptive genetic variation. Anim Conserv 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2009.00255.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gebremedhin B, Ficetola GF, Naderi S, Rezaei HR, Maudet C, Rioux D, Luikart G, Flagstad Ø, Thuiller W, Taberlet P. Combining genetic and ecological data to assess the conservation status of the endangered Ethiopian walia ibex. Anim Conserv 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2009.00238.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- P Taberlet
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, CNRS-UMR 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 09, France.
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Abstract
Cyclin D3 has been shown to play a major role in the regulation of cell cycle progression in lymphocytes. It is therefore important to understand the mechanisms involved in the regulation of this protein. We have previously shown that both basal and cAMP-induced degradation of cyclin D3 in Reh cells is dependent on Thr-283 phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta). We now provide evidence of an alternative mechanism being involved in the regulation of cyclin D3 degradation. Treatment of lymphoid cells with okadaic acid (OA), an inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A (PP1 and PP2A), induces rapid phosphorylation and proteasomal degradation of cyclin D3. This degradation is not inhibited by the GSK-3beta inhibitors lithium or Kenpaullone, or by substitution of Thr-283 with Ala on cyclin D3, indicating that cyclin D3 can be degraded independently of Thr-283 phosphorylation and GSK-3beta activity. Interestingly, in vitro experiments revealed that PP1, but not PP2A, was able to dephosphorylate cyclin D3 efficiently, and PP1 was found to associate with His-tagged cyclin D3. These results support the hypothesis that PP1 constitutively keeps cyclin D3 in a stable, dephosphorylated state, and that treatment of cells with OA leads to phosphorylation and degradation of cyclin D3 through inhibition of PP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- H U Låhne
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1112 Blindern, Oslo, Norway
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Abstract
Lack of knowledge of the anatomy of the cervical sympathetic trunk (CST) may complicate surgical procedures on the cervical spine. This study aims to define linear and angular relations of the CST with respect to consistent structures around it, including the number and size of the cervical ganglia, the distances between the CST and the longus colli muscle and the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae. Morphometric parameters of the 24 CSTs of 12 adults were measured on both sides. The CST had superior, middle, and inferior (or cervicothoracic) ganglia in 20.8% of specimens; superior and inferior (or cervicothoracic) ganglia in 45.8%; superior, middle, vertebral, inferior, or cervicothoracic ganglia in 12.5%, and superior, vertebral, inferior or cervicothoracic ganglia in 20.8% of specimens. The superior ganglion was observed in all specimens, the middle ganglion and vertebral ganglion were each observed in 33.3%. There was no difference between the number of superior and vertebral ganglia between the right and left sides. The average distance between the CST and the medial border of the ipsilateral longus colli muscle (LCM) was 17.2 mm at C3 and 12.4 mm at C7. As the CSTs converged caudally, the LCMs diverged. The average distance between the anterior tubercles of transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae and the lateral borders of the ipsilateral CST was 3.4 mm at C4, 3.2 mm at C5, and 3.9 mm at C6. The presence of a vertebral ganglion and variations, such as the localization of the CST within the carotid sheath, are important. The anatomical landmarks described should assist the spinal surgeon to avoid injury of the CST.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kiray
- Department of Anatomy, Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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Ozgen S, Naderi S, Ozek MM, Pamir MN. A retrospective review of cervical corpectomy: indications, complications and outcome. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2004; 146:1099-105; discussion 1105. [PMID: 15309581 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-004-0327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical corpectomy is a common spinal surgery procedure used to decompress the spinal cord in numerous degenerative, traumatic and neoplastic conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the indications, complications and outcomes in past cervical corpectomy cases at one centre. METHOD 72 patients who underwent cervical corpectomy between February 1992 and June 2001 were retrospectively investigated. FINDINGS The indications for this operation were degenerative spondylitic disease (26 cases; 36.1%), trauma (18 cases; 25%), tumour (11 cases; 15.3%), infection (10 cases; 13.9%), and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (7 cases; 9.7%). Thirty-seven patients (51.4%) underwent one-level corpectomy, and 35 (48.6%) underwent two-level corpectomy. Autografts were used in 13 cases (18.1%) and allografts were used in 59 cases (81.9%). Anterior plate-screw fixation was performed in all cases. There were 31 postoperative complications in 15 (20.8%) patients. Twelve of the complications were surgical, 5 were graft-related, 7 were plating-related, and 7 were medical. Solid bony fusion was achieved in 65 (92.9%) of the 70 surviving patients. The mean follow-up time was 23.4 months. An overall favourable outcome was achieved in 88% of cases. CONCLUSION The outcomes in this series indicate that cervical corpectomy is an effective method for treating traumatic lesions, degenerative disease, tumours and infectious processes involving the anterior and middle portions of the cervical spine.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ozgen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Abstract
Cervical spondylotic myelopathy can produce a variety of clinical signs and symptoms secondary to neural compromise and biomechanical involvement of the spine. The surgical treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy remains a controversial issue after many years of study, evolution, and refinement. Several ventral, dorsal, or combined approaches have been defined. The complications associated with ventral approaches and the concerns about kyphosis following dorsal approaches led to the development of a variety of laminoplasty procedures. This paper reviews the biomechanical basis of cervical spondylotic myelopathy and its effect on choosing the appropriate surgical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Naderi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Naderi S, Alberstone CD, Rupp FW, Benzel EC, Baldwin NG. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy treated with corpectomy: technique and results in 44 patients. Neurosurg Focus 2004; 1:e5; discussion 1 p following e5. [PMID: 15096030 DOI: 10.3171/foc.1996.1.6.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Forty-four patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy who underwent a ventral surgical approach were evaluated with respect to the results of surgery. The neurological status of the patients was categorized according to the modified Japanese Orthopedic Association scale (0-18). Three patients had a functional score of 8, one patient 9, five patients 10, five patients 11, seven patients 12, seven patients 13, seven patients 14, and nine patients had a functional score of 15, preoperatively. Twenty-three patients underwent a one-level corpectomy, 15 patients a two-level corpectomy, and six patients underwent a three-level corpectomy. Forty-one (93.1%) of the 44 patients underwent ventral cervical plate fixation. Complications among the 44 patients included graft- and instrumentation-related complications in seven cases, iliac crest donor-site infection in three cases, and respiratory complications in three cases. The follow-up periods ranged between 7 and 60 months (mean 42.3 months). Overall, the fusion rate was 97.72%. Three patients showed no functional change (6.8%), two patients were worse (4.5%), and 39 patients (88.6%) showed functional improvement in their score between +1 and +6 points (mean 2.16 points). There was no statistically significant difference in the functional improvement score in patients younger or older than 60 years old. The mean improvement in the functional score was found to be +2.857 +/- 1.352, +2.400 +/- 1.454, and +0.5000 +/- 1.871 following one-level corpectomy, two-level, and three-level corpectomies, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the neurological improvement observed between patients with one-level corpectomy and three-level corpectomy (p < 0.01), as well as between those with two-level and three-level corpectomy (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the neurological outcome between patients with one-level and two-level corpectomy (p > 0.05). The results of this study demonstrate a high rate of solid bone fusion and a high rate of functional (neurological) improvement. Five patients underwent reoperation, predominantly for instrumentation failure. The use of instrumentation dictates careful consideration of the risk/benefit ratio associated with its use in each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Naderi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Alagappan K, Park R, Kuo T, Donohue B, Naderi S. 1 EVALUATION FOR TETANUS ANTIBODIES IN KOREAN-AMERICANS LIVING IN THE NEW YORK AREA: A PILOT STUDY. J Investig Med 2004. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-52-suppl2-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
Growth arrest induced by DNA damage in mammalian cells requires the function of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (RB). RB-deficient cells cannot undergo G1, mid-S or G2 arrest following DNA damage, although they can activate the G2 checkpoint, which is reversible. RB-deficient cells are also hypersensitive to DNA damage-induced apoptosis. Induction of apoptosis in RB wild-type cells is associated with the loss of RB protein through cleavage by caspase. Two substitution mutations in exon 25 of the Rb gene have been created in the mouse germline to generate the Rb-MI allele that codes for a caspase-resistant RB protein. The RB-MI protein desensitizes cells to apoptosis. Taken together, these results suggest that RB plays a critical role in determining the cell fate following DNA damage. Growth arrest is dependent on RB and apoptosis is activated following RB degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Wang
- Division of Biology and the Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA.
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