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Benedetti F, Silvestri G, Saadat S, Denaro F, Latinovic OS, Davis H, Williams S, Bryant J, Ippodrino R, Rathinam CV, Gallo RC, Zella D. Mycoplasma DnaK increases DNA copy number variants in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219897120. [PMID: 37459550 PMCID: PMC10372619 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219897120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota affects critical cellular functions, although the responsible mechanism(s) is still poorly understood. In this regard, we previously showed that Mycoplasma fermentans DnaK, an HSP70 chaperone protein, hampers the activity of important cellular proteins responsible for DNA integrity. Here, we describe a novel DnaK knock-in mouse model generated in our laboratory to study the effect of M. fermentans DnaK expression in vivo. By using an array-based comparative genomic hybridization assay, we demonstrate that exposure to DnaK was associated with a higher number of DNA copy number variants (CNVs) indicative of unbalanced chromosomal alterations, together with reduced fertility and a high rate of fetal abnormalities. Consistent with their implication in genetic disorders, one of these CNVs caused a homozygous Grid2 deletion, resulting in an aberrant ataxic phenotype that recapitulates the extensive biallelic deletion in the Grid2 gene classified in humans as autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 18. Our data highlight a connection between components of the human urogenital tract microbiota, namely Mycoplasmas, and genetic abnormalities in the form of DNA CNVs, with obvious relevant medical, diagnostic, and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Benedetti
- Institute of Human Virology and Global Virus Network Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Giovannino Silvestri
- Institute of Human Virology and Global Virus Network Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Saman Saadat
- Institute of Human Virology and Global Virus Network Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Frank Denaro
- Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD21251
| | - Olga S. Latinovic
- Institute of Human Virology and Global Virus Network Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Harry Davis
- Institute of Human Virology and Global Virus Network Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Sumiko Williams
- Institute of Human Virology and Global Virus Network Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Joseph Bryant
- Institute of Human Virology and Global Virus Network Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | | | - Chozha V. Rathinam
- Institute of Human Virology and Global Virus Network Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Robert C. Gallo
- Institute of Human Virology and Global Virus Network Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Davide Zella
- Institute of Human Virology and Global Virus Network Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
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2
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Sajadi MM, Myers A, Logue J, Saadat S, Shokatpour N, Quinn J, Newman M, Deming M, Rikhtegaran Tehrani Z, Magder LS, Karimi M, Abbasi A, Shlyak M, Baracco L, Frieman MB, Crotty S, Harris AD. Mucosal and Systemic Responses to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccination Determined by Severity of Primary Infection. mSphere 2022; 7:e0027922. [PMID: 36321826 PMCID: PMC9769618 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00279-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
With much of the world infected with or vaccinated against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (commonly abbreviated SARS-CoV-2; abbreviated here SARS2), understanding the immune responses to the SARS2 spike (S) protein in different situations is crucial to controlling the pandemic. We studied the clinical, systemic, mucosal, and cellular responses to two doses of SARS2 mRNA vaccines in 62 individuals with and without prior SARS2 infection that were divided into three groups based on antibody serostatus prior to vaccination and/or degree of disease symptoms among those with prior SARS2 infection: antibody negative (naive), low symptomatic, and symptomatic. Antibody negative were subjects who were antibody negative (i.e., those with no prior infection). Low symptomatic subjects were those who were antibody negative and had minimal or no symptoms at time of SARS2 infection. Symptomatic subjects were those who were antibody positive and symptomatic at time of SARS2 infection. All three groups were then studied when they received their SARS2 mRNA vaccines. In the previously SARS2-infected (based on antibody test) low symptomatic and symptomatic groups, reactogenic symptoms related to a recall response were elicited after the first vaccination. Anti-S trimer IgA and IgG titers, and neutralizing antibody titers, peaked after the 1st vaccination in the previously SARS2-infected groups and were significantly higher than for the SARS2 antibody-negative group in the plasma and nasal samples at most time points. Nasal and plasma IgA antibody responses were significantly higher in the low symptomatic group than in the symptomatic group at most time points. After the first vaccination, differences in cellular immunity were not evident between groups, but the activation-induced cell marker (AIM+) CD4+ cell response correlated with durability of IgG humoral immunity against the SARS2 S protein. In those SARS2-infected subjects, severity of infection dictated plasma and nasal IgA responses in primary infection as well as response to vaccination (peak responses and durability), which could have implications for continued protection against reinfection. Lingering differences between the SARS2-infected and SARS2-naive up to 10 months postvaccination could explain the decreased reinfection rates in the SARS2-infected vaccinees recently reported and suggests that additional strategies (such as boosting of the SARS2-naive vaccinees) are needed to narrow the differences observed between these groups. IMPORTANCE This study on SARS2 vaccination in those with and without previous exposure to the virus demonstrates that severity of infection dictates IgA responses in primary infection as well as response to vaccination (peak responses and durability), which could have implications for continued protection against reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M. Sajadi
- Baltimore VA Medical Center, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amber Myers
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - James Logue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Saman Saadat
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Narjes Shokatpour
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James Quinn
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michelle Newman
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Meagan Deming
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Laurence S. Magder
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maryam Karimi
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Abdolrahim Abbasi
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mike Shlyak
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lauren Baracco
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew B. Frieman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Anthony D. Harris
- Baltimore VA Medical Center, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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3
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Hazy A, Saadat S, Krauss D, Dilworth J, Stevens C, Dixon S, Safian R, Lee K. Clinical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Coronary Brachytherapy for Restenosis of Coronary Vessels Previously Treated With Drug Eluting Stents. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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4
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Rivera Cartland MG, Anjum Z, Saadat S, Studd T, Camprodon R. 1494 An Audit on The Management of Adhesional Small Bowel Obstruction at St Helier Hospital. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
To compare our current management of adhesional small bowel obstruction (ASBO) with the BMJ best practice treatment algorithm1 and National audit for small bowel obstruction 20172 guidelines and produce a flow chart to aid stasndardised :
Method
Data collected prospectively from the general surgical take list over a three-month.
Results
Thirty-five patients were diagnosed with ASBO. All patients were prescribed IV fluids. Thirty-four (97.1%) and 31 patients (88.6%) received analgesia and anti-emetics, respectively. Twenty-one patients (82.9%) had a NG tube inserted. Five patients (14.3%) underwent laparotomies within 37 hours from time of admission. Thirty patients (85.7%) underwent a trial of conservative management. Twenty-four patients (80%) received water-soluble contrast, of whom 13 (59.1%) were managed successfully. Eight patients (36.3%) failed to resolve and underwent emergency laparotomy within 70 hours from admission. One patient (2.9%) failed conservative management and was palliated.
Conclusions
Our results are in line with national standards. Our first line management for ASBO (analgesia, anti-emetics and NG insertion) could be instituted more promptly. Failure of NG insertion is multifactorial, an improved insertion rate may have further positive impact on conservative management outcome. A step-by-step sequential flow chart could introduce on induction at the beginning of general surgical rotation could help to re-iterate this management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Z Anjum
- Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Saadat
- Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - T Studd
- Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Camprodon
- Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
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5
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Saadat S, Karami P, Jafari M, Kholoujini M, Rikhtegaran Tehrani Z, Mohammadi Y, Alikhani MY. The silent presence of Mycoplasma hominis in patients with prostate cancer. Pathog Dis 2021; 78:5907690. [PMID: 32940669 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycoplasma hominis, an opportunistic pathogen in human genitourinary tract, can cause chronic infection in the prostate. Intracellular survival of M. hominis leads to a prolonged presence in the host cells that can affect the cell's biological cycle. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency of M. hominis DNA in prostate tissue of Iranian patients with prostate cancer (PCa) in comparison to a control group with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS This research was a retrospective case-control study using 61 archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks of prostate tissue from patients with PCa and 70 FFPE blocks of patients with BPH. Real-time PCR, targeting two different genes, 16S rRNA and yidC, in the M. hominis genome was performed for all specimens. RESULTS Out of 61 blocks of prostate biopsy from patients with PCa, eight samples (13%) were positive for M. hominis, while the bacterium was not detected in any of the 70 blocks of patients with BPH (P value, 0.002). CONCLUSIONS The high frequency of M. hominis in patients with PCa likely shows a hidden role of the organism in prostate cancer during its chronic, apparently silent and asymptomatic colonization in prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Saadat
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Street, Hamadan, Iran, 65178.,Department of Microbiology, Sarem Cell Research Center, Sarem Women's Hospital, Phase 3 Ekbatan, Tehran, Iran, 13969-56111.,Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD, USA, 21201
| | - Pezhman Karami
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Street, Hamadan, Iran, 65178
| | - Mohammad Jafari
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Street, Hamadan, Iran, 65178
| | - Mahdi Kholoujini
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, University of Tarbiate Modares, Jalal Ale-Ahmad Highway, Tehran, Iran, 14115
| | - Zahra Rikhtegaran Tehrani
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD, USA, 21201
| | - Younes Mohammadi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Street, Hamadan, Iran, 65178
| | - Mohammad Yousef Alikhani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Street, Hamadan, Iran, 65178
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6
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Saadat S, Rikhtegaran Tehrani Z, Logue J, Newman M, Frieman MB, Harris AD, Sajadi MM. Binding and Neutralization Antibody Titers After a Single Vaccine Dose in Health Care Workers Previously Infected With SARS-CoV-2. JAMA 2021; 325:1467-1469. [PMID: 33646292 DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.30.21250843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study compares titers of binding and neutralizing antibodies after a single mRNA coronavirus vaccine dose in health care workers previously infected with SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Saadat
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | | | - James Logue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Michelle Newman
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Matthew B Frieman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Anthony D Harris
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Mohammad M Sajadi
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
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7
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Saadat S, Rikhtegaran Tehrani Z, Logue J, Newman M, Frieman MB, Harris AD, Sajadi MM. Binding and Neutralization Antibody Titers After a Single Vaccine Dose in Health Care Workers Previously Infected With SARS-CoV-2. JAMA 2021; 325:1467-1469. [PMID: 33646292 PMCID: PMC7922233 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.3341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saman Saadat
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | | | - James Logue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Michelle Newman
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Matthew B. Frieman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Anthony D. Harris
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Mohammad M. Sajadi
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
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8
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Rikhtegaran Tehrani Z, Saadat S, Saleh E, Ouyang X, Constantine N, DeVico AL, Harris AD, Lewis GK, Kottilil S, Sajadi MM. Performance of nucleocapsid and spike-based SARS-CoV-2 serologic assays. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237828. [PMID: 33137138 PMCID: PMC7605638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for an accurate antibody test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We have developed 3 ELISA methods, trimer spike IgA, trimer spike IgG, and nucleocapsid IgG, for detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. We evaluated their performance along with four commercial ELISAs, EDI™ Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 ELISA IgG and IgM, Euroimmun Anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA IgG and IgA, and one lateral flow assay, DPP® COVID-19 IgM/IgG System (Chembio). Both sensitivity and specificity were evaluated and the probable causes of false-positive reactions were determined. The assays were evaluated using 300 pre-epidemic samples and 100 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 samples. The sensitivities and specificities of the assays were as follows: 90%/100% (in-house trimer spike IgA), 90%/99.3% (in-house trimer spike IgG), 89%/98.3% (in-house nucleocapsid IgG), 73.7%/100% (EDI nucleocapsid IgM), 84.5%/95.1% (EDI nucleocapsid IgG), 95%/93.7% (Euroimmun S1 IgA), 82.8%/99.7% (Euroimmun S1 IgG), 82.0%/91.7% (Chembio nucleocapsid IgM), 92%/93.3% (Chembio nucleocapsid IgG). The presumed causes of false positive results from pre-epidemic samples in commercial and in-house assays were mixed. In some cases, assays lacked reproducibility. In other cases, reactivity was abrogated by competitive inhibition (spiking the sample with the same antigen that was used for coating ELISAs prior to performing the assay), suggesting positive reaction could be attributed to the presence of antibodies against these antigens. In other cases, reactivity was consistently detected but not abrogated by the spiking, suggesting positive reaction was not attributed to the presence of antibodies against these antigens. Overall, there was wide variability in assay performance using our samples, with in-house tests exhibiting the highest combined sensitivity and specificity. The causes of "false positivity" in pre-epidemic samples may be due to plasma antibodies apparently reacting with the corresponding antigen, or spurious reactivity may be directed against non-specific components in the assay system. Identification of these targets will be essential to improving assay performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rikhtegaran Tehrani
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Saman Saadat
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ebtehal Saleh
- Division of Epidemiology & Prevention, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xin Ouyang
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Niel Constantine
- Division of Epidemiology & Prevention, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anthony L. DeVico
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anthony D. Harris
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - George K. Lewis
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shyam Kottilil
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mohammad M. Sajadi
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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9
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Cantwell C, Gibney R, Wray A, Osborn M, Wiechmann W, Saadat S, Allen A, Toohey S. 347 Sex Evaluation and Numeric Distribution in Emergency Medicine Residencies. Ann Emerg Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.09.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Tehrani ZR, Saadat S, Saleh E, Ouyang X, Constantine N, DeVico AL, Harris AD, Lewis GK, Kottilil S, Sajadi MM. Specificity and Performance of Nucleocapsid and Spike-based SARS-CoV-2 Serologic Assays. medRxiv 2020:2020.08.05.20168476. [PMID: 32793933 PMCID: PMC7418763 DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.05.20168476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for an accurate antibody test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this paper, we have developed 3 ELISA methods, trimer spike IgA, trimer spike IgG, and nucleocapsid IgG, for detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. We evaluated their performance in comparison with four commercial ELISAs, EDI™ Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 ELISA IgG and IgM, Euroimmun Anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA IgG and IgA, and one lateral flow assay, DPP® COVID-19 IgM/IgG System (Chembio). Both sensitivity and specificity were evaluated and the causes of false-positive reactions were determined. The assays were compared using 300 pre-epidemic samples and 100 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 samples. The sensitivities and specificities of the assays were as follows: 90%/100% (in-house trimer spike IgA), 90%/99.3% (in-house trimer spike IgG), 89%/98.3% (in-house nucleocapsid IgG), 73.7%/100% (EDI nucleocapsid IgM), 84.5%/95.1% (EDI nucleocapsid IgG), 95%/93.7% (Euroimmun S1 IgA), 82.8%/99.7% (Euroimmun S1 IgG), 82.0%/91.7% (Chembio nucleocapsid IgM), 92%/93.3% (Chembio nucleocapsid IgG). The presumed causes of positive signals from pre-epidemic samples in commercial and in-house assays were mixed. In some cases, positivity varied with assay repetition. In other cases, reactivity was abrogated by competitive inhibition (spiking the sample with analyte prior to performing the assay). In other cases, reactivity was consistently detected but not abrogated by analyte spiking. Overall, there was wide variability in assay performance using our samples, with in-house tests exhibiting the highest combined sensitivity and specificity. The causes of "false positivity" in pre-epidemic samples may be due to plasma antibodies apparently reacting with the analyte, or spurious reactivity may be directed against non-specific components in the assay system. Identification of these targets will be essential to improving assay performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rikhtegaran Tehrani
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Saman Saadat
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Ebtehal Saleh
- Division of Epidemiology & Prevention, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Xin Ouyang
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Niel Constantine
- Division of Epidemiology & Prevention, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Anthony L. DeVico
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Anthony D Harris
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA, Department of Medicine, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - George K. Lewis
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Shyam Kottilil
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Mohammad M. Sajadi
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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11
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Ghodsi Z, Moghaddam SS, Vezvaei P, Yoosefi M, Rezaei N, Saadat S, Sheidaei A, Sharif-Alhoseini M, Sadeghian F, Ahmadi N, Jazayeri SB, Salamati P, Khosravi A, Moradi-Lakeh M, Mokdad AH, O'Reilly G, Rahimi-Movaghar V. The mortality rate from self-harm in Iran. Public Health 2020; 186:44-51. [PMID: 32768623 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-harm-related death is one of the most unfortunate, tragic, and regrettable types of death owing to injuries with a variety of socio-economic and cultural causes. The study aimed to determine the trend in the mortality of self-harm by sex and age at national and provincial levels in Iran over a period of 26 years. METHODS The Iran Death Registration System (DRS), cemetery databanks in Tehran and Esfahan, and the national population and housing censuses of Iran were used for this study. Using a growth model, the population was estimated in the age groups. Incompleteness, misalignment, and misclassification in the DRS were all considered and addressed accordingly. We used a spatio-temporal and Gaussian process regression model to estimate mortality rates in children and adults. RESULTS Over the study period, 67,670 deaths were estimated owing to self-harm across the country. The overall age-standardized mortality rate decreased from 4.32 per 100,000 (95% unit interface (UI): 3.25-5.75) to 2.78 (2.15-3.59) per 100,000 between 1990 and 2015, a reduction of approximately 35.65%. The M/F ratio was 2.03:1 with an annual percent change of -2.38% and -1.37% for women and men, respectively. The annual self-harm mortality rate was higher among individuals aged 15-24 years, as well as it was more in men during the study period. CONCLUSION Mortality from self-harm has declined over the study period in Iran. Higher rates in men and in population aged 15-24 years, with considerable variation by province, were the distinguishing features of self-harm. Iran needs to improve monitoring through a comprehensive multisectoral strategy; and most importantly, provide timely, effective and low-cost preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ghodsi
- Department of Midwifery, Tuyserkan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tuyserkan, Iran.
| | - S S Moghaddam
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - P Vezvaei
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - M Yoosefi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - N Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - S Saadat
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - A Sheidaei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - M Sharif-Alhoseini
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - F Sadeghian
- Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
| | - N Ahmadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - S B Jazayeri
- Department of Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Fontana Medical Center, Fontana, CA, USA.
| | - P Salamati
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - A Khosravi
- Deputy for Public Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
| | - M Moradi-Lakeh
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - A H Mokdad
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Washington, USA.
| | - G O'Reilly
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - V Rahimi-Movaghar
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Munro MG, Brown AN, Saadat S, Gomez NA, Howard DL, Kahn BS, Stockwell EL, Volker W, Thayn K. 2663 Essentials in Minimally Invasive Gynecology (Emig) Manual Skills Pilot Validation Trial. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2019.09.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Saadat S, Alikhani MY, Rikhtegaran Tehrani Z, Yousefi Mashouf R. Computational design of a new chimeric protein for sero-diagnosis of Mycoplasma hominis. Gazz Med Ital - Arch Sci Med 2019. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.18.03900-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Ghodsi Z, Moghaddam SS, Saadat S, Yoosefi M, Rezaei N, Ostadrahimi H, Mehdipour P, Khalafi B, Sobhani S, Haghshenas R, Alaedini M, Jazayeri SB, Sadeghian F, Sharif-Alhoseini M, Bazireh H, Naghdi K, Derakhshan P, Salamati P, Moradi-Lakeh M, Mokdad AH, O'Reilly G, Rahimi-Movaghar V. Trend of fatal poisoning at national and provincial levels in Iran from 1990 to 2015. Public Health 2019; 170:78-88. [PMID: 30978579 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Comprehensive and up-to-date data on fatal injury trends are critical to identify challenges and plan priority setting. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of poisoning mortality trends across Iran. STUDY DESIGN The data were gathered from various resources, including death registration systems, cemetery databases of Tehran and Esfahan, the Demographic and Health Survey of 2000, and three rounds of national population and housing censuses. METHODS After addressing incompleteness for child and adult death data separately and using a spatio-temporal model and Gaussian process regression, the level and trend of child and adult mortality were estimated. For estimating cause-specific mortality, the cause fraction was calculated and applied to the level and trend of death. RESULTS From 1990 to 2015, 40,586 deaths due to poisoning were estimated across the country. The poisoning-related age-standardized death rate per 100,000 was estimated to have changed from 3.08 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 2.32-4.11) in 1990 to 0.96 (95% UI: 0.73-1.25) in 2015, and the male/female ratio was 1.35 during 25 years of study with an annual percentage change of -5.4% and -4.0% for women and men, respectively. The annual mortality rate was higher among children younger than 5 years and the elderly population (≥70 years) in the study period. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that mortality from poisoning declined in Iran over the period from 1990 to 2015 and varied by province. Understanding the reasons for the differences of poisoning mortality by province will help in developing and implementing measures to reduce this burden in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ghodsi
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S S Moghaddam
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Saadat
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Yoosefi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - N Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Ostadrahimi
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - P Mehdipour
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - B Khalafi
- Lung Diseases and Allergy Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Science, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - S Sobhani
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Haghshenas
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Alaedini
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S B Jazayeri
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Sadeghian
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - M Sharif-Alhoseini
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Bazireh
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - K Naghdi
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - P Derakhshan
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - P Salamati
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Moradi-Lakeh
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A H Mokdad
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Washington, USA
| | - G O'Reilly
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - V Rahimi-Movaghar
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Burns M, Sylwanowicz L, Costantini S, Zahn M, Saadat S, Placone T, Shearer E. 149 In an Epidemic of West Nile Virus Infection, Higher Risk of Death and Disability in Patients With West Nile Virus Neuroinvasive Disease Can Be Determined at Emergency Department Presentation. Ann Emerg Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.08.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Hoonpongsimanont W, Sahota P, Mobayed O, Danishgar L, Ghanem G, Hoffmann J, Saadat S, Lotfipour S. 335 Correlation Between a Direct Alcohol Biomarker, Phosphatidylethanol, and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Ann Emerg Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.08.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Yucesoy DT, Fong H, Gresswell C, Saadat S, Chung WO, Dogan S, Sarikaya M. Early Caries in an In Vivo Model: Structural and Nanomechanical Characterization. J Dent Res 2018; 97:1452-1459. [PMID: 30067915 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518789898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of rat models in cariology research has made substantial contributions to decipher mechanisms of caries formation and to develop preventive treatments. The existing rat models still have potential for improvement toward establishing a more accurate standard caries protocol to utilize in testing and/or developing new dental technologies. The current caries-scoring methods rely on optical microscopy-based techniques, which necessitates formation of highly advanced lesions. Moreover, models that facilitate the implementation of cariogenic bacteria by shifting the balance of oral flora through desalivation and/or antibiotic treatment create a nonnatural environment. Furthermore, there is a paucity of detailed structural and mechanical characterization on the resulting carious lesions. The purpose of this study was to develop a rat model that induces formation of mild carious lesions and to provide comprehensive structural and mechanical characterization. With this aim in mind, an in vivo model promoting progression of mild lesions was established with specific pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats. Cariogenic bacteria, Streptococcus mutans, was implemented into the oral flora without the use of antibiotics or desalivation surgery. During caries formation, progression of the infection was monitored by quantifying the relative abundance of S. mutans in oral flora with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. A significant increase in colonization efficacy of S. mutans was detected during cariogenic challenge ( P < 0.01). The resulting carious lesions were analyzed by conventional light optical and scanning electron microscopy. A detailed structural and morphological characterization on fissure caries with different degrees of severity was provided. The changes in the morphology and demineralization state of the sound and carious tissues were quantified by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and local mechanical properties were acquired with nanoindentation. The principles laid out in this work can be utilized in cariology research and developed into a standard protocol for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Yucesoy
- 1 GEMSEC, Genetically Engineered Materials Science and Engineering Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - H Fong
- 1 GEMSEC, Genetically Engineered Materials Science and Engineering Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C Gresswell
- 1 GEMSEC, Genetically Engineered Materials Science and Engineering Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S Saadat
- 1 GEMSEC, Genetically Engineered Materials Science and Engineering Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,2 Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - W O Chung
- 2 Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S Dogan
- 3 Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M Sarikaya
- 1 GEMSEC, Genetically Engineered Materials Science and Engineering Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,2 Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,4 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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18
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Stafford KA, Rikhtegaran Tehrani Z, Saadat S, Ebadi M, Redfield RR, Sajadi MM. Long-term follow-up of elite controllers: Higher risk of complications with HCV coinfection, no association with HIV disease progression. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7348. [PMID: 28658155 PMCID: PMC5500077 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To estimate the effect of hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection on the development of complications and progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease among HIV-infected elite controllers.Single-center retrospective cohort. Kaplan-Meier methods, prevalence ratios, and Cox proportional-hazards models were used.In all, 55 HIV-infected elite controllers were included in this study. Among them, 45% were HIV/HCV coinfected and 55% were HIV mono-infected. Median follow-up time for the cohort was 11 years. Twenty-five patients experienced a complication and 16 lost elite controller status during the study period. HCV coinfected patients were 4.78 times (95% confidence interval 1.50-15.28) more likely to develop complications compared with HIV mono-infected patients. There was no association between HCV coinfection status and loss of elite control (hazard ratio 0.75, 95% confidence interval 0.27-2.06).Hepatitis C virus coinfection was significantly associated with the risk of complications even after controlling for sex, injecting drug use, and older age. HCV coinfected patients had higher levels of cellular activation while also having similar levels of lipopolysaccharide and soluble CD14. HCV coinfection was not associated with loss of elite controller status. Taken together, this suggests that HCV coinfection does not directly affect HIV replication dynamics or natural history, but that it may act synergistically with HIV to produce a greater number of associated complications. Continued follow-up will be needed to determine whether HCV cure through the use of direct-acting antivirals among HIV/HCV coinfected elite controllers will make the risk for complications among these patients similar to their HIV mono-infected counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A. Stafford
- Institute of Human Virology
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Saman Saadat
- Institute of Human Virology
- Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Hamadan Province, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohammad M. Sajadi
- Institute of Human Virology
- Department of Medicine, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
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Saadat S, Arden D. 18: How has the U.S. Food and Drug Administration morcellation warning affected rates of minimally invasive hysterectomy in a large multi-center managed care setting? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.12.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Saadat S, Arden D. Excision of Ureteral Endometriosis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2016.08.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Yousefifard M, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Nasirinezhad F, Baikpour M, Safari S, Saadat S, Moghadas Jafari A, Asady H, Razavi Tousi SMT, Hosseini M. Neural stem/progenitor cell transplantation for spinal cord injury treatment; A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience 2016; 322:377-97. [PMID: 26917272 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the vast improvements of cell therapy in spinal cord injury treatment, no optimum protocol has been developed for application of neural stem/progenitor cells. In this regard, the present meta-analysis showed that the efficacy of the neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) transplantation depends mainly on injury model, intervention phase, transplanted cell count, immunosuppressive use, and probably stem cell source. Improved functional recovery post NSPC transplantation was found to be higher in transection and contusion models. Moreover, NSPC transplantation in acute phase of spinal injury was found to have better functional recovery. Higher doses (>3×10(6)cell/kg) were also shown to be optimum for transplantation, but immunosuppressive agent administration negatively affected the motor function recovery. Scaffold use in NSPC transplantation could also effectively raise functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yousefifard
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - V Rahimi-Movaghar
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Nasirinezhad
- Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Baikpour
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Safari
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Saadat
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Moghadas Jafari
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - H Asady
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S M T Razavi Tousi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Hosseini
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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22
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Hassani A, Saadat S. A novel technique for nerve retraction during inferior alveolar nerve repositioning. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2015.08.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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Sheikh Motahar Vahedi H, Mahshidfar B, Rabiee H, Saadat S, Shokoohi H, Chardoli M, Rahimi-Movaghar V. Furosemide Nebulization in Patients With COPD Exacerbation--Reply. Respir Care 2014; 59:e41-2. [DOI: 10.4187/respcare.03092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Eslami V, Saadat S, Habibi Arejan R, Vaccaro AR, Ghodsi SM, Rahimi-Movaghar V. Factors associated with the development of pressure ulcers after spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2012; 50:899-903. [PMID: 22777490 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2012.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional observational study. OBJECTIVES To examine variables associated with the development of pressure ulcers in subjects with spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING SCI patients under coverage of the State Welfare Organization of Iran. METHODS Mobile rehabilitation teams gathered data from 20 of the 30 provinces in Iran. There were 8104 SCI patients registered in the database; 7489 patients were included in the analysis. The prevalence of PU in patients aged <10 years was lower than those aged >10; therefore, we used different logistic models for these groups. Likewise, separate models were created for patients who had experienced SCI during the past year versus patients injured >1 year before the evaluation. RESULTS PU was present in 34.6% of the patients. The variables associated with PU in patients aged <10 years were female gender and the time passed since SCI. In patients aged >11 years, male gender, the time passed since SCI, lower level of education, lack of an intimate partner, quadriplegia and older age presented a significant association with PU. Patients for whom <1 year has passed since SCI, male gender, quadriplegia and older age were associated with PU. And patients for whom >1 year had passed since SCI, male gender, quadriplegia, older age, lower level of education and lack of an intimate partner were associated with PU. CONCLUSION SCI patients are a heterogeneous group and the risk factors associated with PU may vary in specific subgroups. Different models are needed to describe PU in SCI patients depending on the patient's age and the time passed since SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Eslami
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Saadat S, Mafi M, Smith G. Higher education does not protect against firework-related injuries: A review of the economic burden and the risk factors of firework-related injuries in the capital of Iran. Public Health 2012; 126:40-6. [PMID: 22137095 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Rasouli MR, Saadat S, Haddadi M, Gooya MM, Afsari M, Rahimi-Movaghar V. Epidemiology of injuries and poisonings in emergency departments in Iran. Public Health 2011; 125:727-33. [PMID: 21906762 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2010] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There are few reports on epidemiological patterns of injury and injury-related mortality in developing countries. This study aimed to report the epidemiology of injuries and poisonings in emergency departments in Iran. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study using available data from 20 March 2005 to 19 March 2008. METHODS Recorded Injury Surveillance System (ISS) data including demographics, place of residence, type of injury, and outcome during emergency department stay were extracted from the databank of the national ISS and included in the final analysis. RESULTS In total, 2,991,624 emergency department admissions due to injury were recorded at university hospitals during the study period. According to the national census in 2006, Iran had a population of 70,472,846, so the injury admission rate to university hospital emergency departments was 1.4%/year in Iran. The mean age of the patients was 26.5 [standard deviation (SD) 16.9] years, and 72.7% of the cases were male. The most common cause of injury was road traffic accidents (RTAs) (31.9%), followed by hit (25.5%) and falls (10.9%). Intoxication was associated with 5.3% of all injuries. The overall emergency department mortality rate was 0.6%. Of those who died, the mean age was 32.6 (SD 21.1) years. All fatal injuries, except burn injuries, were more common in males. Intoxication-related deaths occurred in 3.8% of cases. In patients aged <13, 13-65 and >65 years, hit (28.2%), RTAs (34%) and RTAs (27.9%) were, respectively, the most common causes of injury. In all age groups, RTAs were the most common cause of death. CONCLUSIONS This study determined the epidemiology of injuries and poisonings in emergency departments in Iran. The mortality rate in this study was low in comparison with other research, which may be explained in the context of inappropriate prehospital or interhospital care in Iran. This finding can be employed to formulate targeted preventive strategies based on the incidence of the more common types of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Rasouli
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Centre, Tehran University Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Fateh R, Iravani S, Frootan M, Rasouli MR, Saadat S. Synbiotic preparation in men suffering from functional constipation: a randomised controlled trial. Swiss Med Wkly 2011; 141:w13239. [PMID: 21805410 DOI: 10.4414/smw.2011.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluating the effects of a commercially available synbiotic preparation (contains both prebiotic and probiotic elements) on functional constipation in males. METHODS In a randomised controlled trial, a total of 66 adult men with functional constipation were equally allocated to receive a synbiotic mixture or a placebo. The synbiotic mixture or placebo was given as capsules with the same shape and colour, and patients received the capsules twice a day for 4 weeks. RESULTS A total of 60 patients (31 in the synbiotic group) completed the study. At baseline evaluation, there was no significant difference between the mean stool frequency per week in synbiotic and placebo groups [mean difference of 0.11 times (95% CI: -0.31-0.55), p = 0.58]. However, mean stool frequency increased significantly at weeks 2 [mean difference of 1.32 times (95% CI: 0.21-2.43)] and 4 [mean difference of 1.58 times (95% CI: 0.18-2.99)] in the synbiotic group compared with the placebo group (p = 0.02). A significant difference (p = 0.006) was found at weeks 2 [mean difference of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.20-1.45)] and 4 [mean difference of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.3-1.51)] between the synbiotic and placebo groups regarding the Bristol stool form score. No adverse effect was seen in the synbiotic group. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicated that this specific commercial product seemed to be effective in increasing stool frequency and improving consistency in this sample of males with functional constipation. However, further studies with longer follow ups, and including females and elderly patients are required to confirm the efficacy of this product for treatment of functional constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fateh
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, IR.
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Abe K, Saadat S, Fennessy J, Dandamudi S, Kitlinska J, Tilan J, Lu C, Hellerstein M, Zukowska Z. 569 SYMPATHETIC OUTFLOW TO BONE MARROW MEGAKARYOCYTES STIMULATES NEOINTIMA FORMATION VIA PLATELET-DERIVED NEUROPEPTIDE Y. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(11)70570-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Saadat S. Population based estimates of non-fatal injuries in the capital of Iran. Inj Prev 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/ip.2010.029215.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Saadat S, Soori H. Epidemiology of traffic injuries and motor vehicles utilisation in Tehran: a population-based study. Inj Prev 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/ip.2010.029215.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Saadat S, Davari MK. Association of water pipe smoking and traffic accidents. Inj Prev 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/ip.2010.029215.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ravari H, Zafarghandi MR, Alvandfar D, Saadat S. Serum homocysteine in deep venous thrombosis, peripheral atherosclerosis and healthy Iranians: a case-control study. Pak J Biol Sci 2009; 12:1019-1024. [PMID: 19947180 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2009.1019.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the association of serum homocysteine with peripheral atherosclerosis and deep vein thrombosis in an Iranian population complaining from vascular symptoms in lower limbs referred to a university general hospital in the capital of Iran. The study design was case-control. Deep vein thrombosis and atherosclerosis groups were, respectively consisted of 25 patients presenting with signs and symptoms of deep vein thrombosis whom disease was confirmed by duplex ultrasonography and 25 patients presenting with signs and symptoms of chronic arterial insufficiency who were candidate for arterial reconstruction whom disease was confirmed by angiography. The control group was consisted of 25 persons selected among relatives accompanying the traumatic patients admitted in the general surgery ward of the same hospital. The age of atherosclerosis, DVT and control group were 61 +/- 14, 47 +/- 16 and 40 +/- 14, respectively. The serum level of homocysteine was higher in males (p < 0.01) except for atherosclerotic patients. The prevalence of high homocysteine was 15% (control), 36% (DVT) and 56% (atherosclerosis) among females and 75% (control), 73% (DVT) and 56% (atherosclerosis) among males. The serum homocysteine in the control group which was representative of Tehran population who do not take vitamin B supplements was unexpectedly high. It seems that fortification of popular foodstuffs should be considered for Tehran. The association between homocysteine and atherosclerosis and deep vein thrombosis was not confirmed in this study especially for men who had higher serum homocysteine than women. It is possible that this association fades away in populations with high prevalence of hyperhomocysteinema.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ravari
- Iman Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Boroumand MA, Esfahanifard P, Saadat S, Sheihkvatan M, Hekmatyazdi S, Saremi M, Nazemi L. A report of Pseudomonas aeruginosa antibiotic resistance from a multicenter study in Iran. Indian J Med Microbiol 2008; 25:435-6. [PMID: 18087112 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.37368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Boroumand MA, Esfahanifard P, Saadat S, Sheihkvatan M, Hekmatyazdi S, Saremi M, Nazemi L. A Report of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Antibiotic Resistance from a Multicenter Study in Iran. Indian J Med Microbiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0255-0857(21)02079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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McKinty K, Saadat S, Smith FJ, Donovan BT. Setting up a first website for society publications. Learned Publishing 2000. [DOI: 10.1087/09531510050145290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. McKinty
- Department of Computer Science; Queen's University of Belfast
| | - S. Saadat
- Department of Computer Science; Queen's University of Belfast
| | - F. J. Smith
- Department of Computer Science; Queen's University of Belfast
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Balmer J, Lewis CL, Corbett RE, Robertson E, Saadat S, O'Neill D, Kilkenny JD, Back CA, Lee RW. X-ray absorption spectroscopy of laser-produced plasmas: A study of the experiment and data analysis. Phys Rev A Gen Phys 1989; 40:330-340. [PMID: 9901899 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.40.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Abstract
Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) influences the levels of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in cultures of dissociated sympathetic neurons from newborn rats. In the presence of CNTF both the total and specific activity of ChAT was increased 7 d after culture by 15- and 18-fold, respectively, as compared to cultures kept in the absence of CNTF. Between 3 and 21 d in culture in the presence of CNTF the total ChAT activity increased by a factor of greater than 100. Immunotitration demonstrated that the elevated ChAT levels were due to an increased number of enzyme molecules. In contrast to the increase in ChAT levels, the total and specific activity levels of TH were decreased by 42 and 36%, respectively, after 7 d in culture. Half-maximal effects for both ChAT increase and TH decrease were obtained at CNTF concentrations of approximately 0.6 ng and maximal levels were reached at 1 ng of CNTF per milliliter of medium. The effect of CNTF on TH and ChAT levels were seen in serum-containing medium as well as in serum-free medium. CNTF was shown to have only a small effect on the long-term survival of rat sympathetic neurons. We therefore concluded that the effects of CNTF on ChAT and TH are not due to selective survival of cells that acquire cholinergic traits in vitro, but are rather due to the induction of cholinergic differentiation of noradrenergic sympathetic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saadat
- Max-Planck-Institute for Psychiatry, Department of Neurochemistry, Martinsried-Munich, Federal Republic of Germany
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Saadat S, Stehle AD, Lamouroux A, Mallet J, Thoenen H. Predicted amino acid sequence of bovine tyrosine hydroxylase and its similarity to tyrosine hydroxylases from other species. J Neurochem 1988; 51:572-8. [PMID: 2899135 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb01077.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The previously obtained cDNAs coding for bovine tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA (mRNATH) were further analyzed, and the entire nucleotide sequence was determined. The mRNATH consists of 1,706 nucleotides with an open reading frame for 491 amino acids, which corresponds to a calculated molecular weight of 55,011. The predicted amino acid sequence of bovine TH is compared with that of rat TH and shows a similarity of 66% in the amino terminal (amino acids 1-157) and 91% in the carboxy terminal (amino acids 158-491) region of the TH protein molecule. The carboxy terminal region has been shown to make up the catalytic site of TH and, therefore, is conserved to a greater extent in different species than the amino terminal region, which has been shown to be mainly responsible for the regulation of the catalytic activity of TH. Three of the four serine residues (Ser 8, 19, and 40) that have been shown to be substrates for various protein kinases in rat TH are also present in bovine TH and are located near the amino terminal end of the molecule. The amino acids from position 60 to position 66 of rat TH are not present in bovine TH, resulting in the absence of a predicted hydrophobic region as compared with rat TH. This difference could result in an altered degree of regulation by posttranslational phosphorylation and also association to cell organelle membranes of bovine TH as compared with rat TH.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saadat
- Department of Neurochemistry, Max-Planck-Institute for Psychiatry, Martinsried, F.R.G
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Rohrer H, Hofer M, Hellweg R, Korsching S, Stehle AD, Saadat S, Thoenen H. Antibodies against mouse nerve growth factor interfere in vivo with the development of avian sensory and sympathetic neurones. Development 1988; 103:545-52. [PMID: 3246224 DOI: 10.1242/dev.103.3.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The monoclonal antibody 27/21 directed against mouse nerve growth factor (NGF) interferes in vivo with the survival of sensory dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurones during the development of the quail embryo: the number of DRG neurones at embryonic day 11 (E11) was reduced by about 30% in embryos treated with the antibody between E3 and E11. Neurone numbers in the nodose ganglion were not affected. The effect of NGF antibodies on sympathetic neurones was assessed by determining the levels of the adrenergic marker enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase. Both total tyrosine hydroxylase activity and protein levels in sympathetic chains were reduced by about 30% in embryos treated with 27/21 antibody but not in embryos treated with a control antibody. The 27/21 antibody cross-reacts with chick NGF-like activity as shown in vitro by the ability of the antibody to partially block the survival activity of chick-embryo-fibroblast-conditioned medium for E9 chick DRG neurones.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rohrer
- Max-Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Department of Neurochemistry, Martinsried, FRG
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Abstract
It has previously been shown that cell density increases the specific enzyme activity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in cultures of PC12 cells. The difference in TH activity was shown to be due to cell-cell contact rather than to diffusible factors released by the PC12 cells (C. Lucas, D. Edgar, and H. Thoenen (1979) Exp. Cell Res. 121, 79-86). We have extended these studies and demonstrated that TH is regulated at the transcriptional level. Cells were harvested from confluent high-density cultures and replated at either low (2 x 10(4) cells/cm2) or high density (5 x 10(5) cells/cm2). At low density, the mRNATH and TH enzyme activity decreased to low levels within several hours. The decrease in TH activity resulting from the loss of cell-cell contact appears to be an active process, as it occurs much more rapidly than would be expected from the turnover rate of the protein in cells cultured continuously at high density. In contrast to low-density cultures the mRNATH and TH activity levels in replated high-density cultures decreased only slightly and then increased four fold at the mRNATH and five fold at the TH activity levels as compared to low-density cultures 2 days after replating. The increase in mRNATH preceded the increase in TH activity by 1 day. Since alpha-amanitin inhibited the increase in TH levels, we conclude that cell-cell contact regulates TH in PC12 cells at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saadat
- Max-Planck-Institute for Psychiatry, Department of Neurochemistry, Planegg-Martinsried, Federal Republic of Germany
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Saadat S, Stehle AD, Lamouroux A, Mallet J, Thoenen H. Influence of cell-cell contact on levels of tyrosine hydroxylase in cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. J Biol Chem 1987; 262:13007-14. [PMID: 2888755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We have studied the regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase by cell-cell contact in primary cultures of bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. Preparation of dissociated chromaffin cells from bovine adrenal medullae or the harvesting of cultured cells resulted in a rapid decrease of the specific mRNA(TH) (defined as the amount of mRNA(TH) (where TH represents tyrosine hydroxylase) per microgram of total RNA). The decrease in mRNA(TH) levels appears to be stimulated by the loss of cell contact, as it occurs much more rapidly than would be expected from the turnover rate of mRNA(TH) in cultured cells. Similarly an enhanced rate of tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme degradation was observed in chromaffin cells when brought into low contact cultures. In contrast to the decrease in mRNA(TH) levels, however, the decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme levels was not so rapid and could be prevented in high contact cultures. The mRNA(TH) increased 4-fold in high contact cultures relative to dissociated cells within 1 day after plating. Similarly the rate of synthesis of tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme molecules was maximal after 1 day, although the increase in the absolute amount of tyrosine hydroxylase occurred only slowly. The increase in specific mRNA(TH) by cell contact was inhibited by alpha-amanitin, indicating that cell contact evokes an increase in tyrosine hydroxylase levels by increasing the transcription of mRNA(TH), in addition to inhibiting the degradation of tyrosine hydroxylase molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saadat
- Department of Neurochemistry, Max-Planck-Institute for Psychiatry, Munich, Federal Republic of Germany
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Saadat S, Thoenen H. Selective induction of tyrosine hydroxylase by cell-cell contact in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells is mimicked by plasma membranes. J Cell Biol 1986; 103:1991-7. [PMID: 2877996 PMCID: PMC2114379 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.103.5.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
As a first step towards the identification and purification of the molecule(s) that are involved in cell contact-mediated tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) induction in cultures of bovine adrenal chromaffin cells, we have prepared plasma membranes (PM) from bovine adrenal medulla and tested their ability to mimick cell contact-mediated TH induction in low density chromaffin cultures. PM indeed induced TH in a manner similar to that observed in high density cultures. The maximal TH induction reached by PM corresponded to 69% of that of high density cultures, and half-maximal TH induction was obtained with 12 micrograms of PM per ml of medium. The induction of TH by PM was blocked by alpha-amanitin as observed in high density cultures. Since acetylcholinesterase was neither induced in high density nor in PM-treated low density cultures, an induction of TH as a result of a general increase in protein synthesis was excluded. The cell contact molecule(s) appear to be intrinsic membrane proteins. They were not removed by high or low salt extraction, but solubilized by 50 mM octylglucoside. They were resistant to 0.1% trypsin and heat denaturation but inactivated by 0.01% chymotrypsin. PM isolated from the adrenal cortex, kidney, and liver also induced TH in low density chromaffin cell cultures, although to a smaller extent than PM of the adrenal medulla. In contrast, muscle and erythrocyte PM were inactive. This shows that the cell contact molecule(s) are not restricted to the adrenal medulla, but are also present in some other but not all tissues.
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Saadat S, Kamisango K, Ballou CE, Dell A. Enzymic degradation of the mycobacterial O-methyl-D-glucose polysaccharide by a Rhizopus-mold alpha amylase, an enzyme active on 6-O-methyl-amylo-oligosaccharides. Carbohydr Res 1986; 148:309-19. [PMID: 3486714 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)90398-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An enzyme activity that catalyzes hydrolysis of an alpha-(1----4)-linked 6-O-methyl-D-glucan was detected in, and purified from, Rhizopus oryzae mold. The enzyme acts like an alpha amylase and digests unmodified amylo-oligosaccharides 10 to 15 times as fast as it does the 6-O-methyl and 6-deoxy derivatives. When the limit product obtained by digesting the mycobacterial O-methyl-D-glucose polysaccharide with pancreatic alpha amylase and Aspergillus glucoamylase was further digested with the Rhizopus alpha amylase, di-, tri-, and tetra-saccharide fragments composed of alpha-(1----4)-linked 6-O-methyl-D-glucose were released. The rest of the molecule was recovered as oligosaccharides terminated by two, or three, alpha-(1----4)-linked 6-O-methyl-D-glucose residues.
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Kamisango K, Saadat S, Dell A, Ballou CE. Pyruvylated glycolipids from Mycobacterium smegmatis. Nature and location of the lipid components. J Biol Chem 1985; 260:4117-21. [PMID: 3980471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The dipyruvylated glycolipid from Mycobacterium smegmatis (Saadat, S., and Ballou, C.E. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 1813-1818) has been shown to have the following structure in which FA1 is tetra- or hexadecanoic acid and FA2 is 2,4-dimethyl-2-eicosenoic acid. (formula; see text) The fast atom bombardment mass spectrum showed two major ions [M - H]- at m/z 1511 and 1539 (Mr 1512 and 1540) in a ratio of 1.4:1, suggesting that the glycolipid was a mixture of homologs that differed in fatty acid composition by 2 methylene groups. Analysis revealed C14, C16, and C22 fatty acids in ratios of 0.6:0.4:1.0, indicating that 60% of the molecules contained a C14 and C22 fatty acid whereas 40% contained a C16 and C22 fatty acid. The fragmentation pattern showed that a single glucose unit along with the smaller fatty acid could be lost to yield a tetrasaccharide with attached C22 fatty acid, and a second fragmentation yielded a trisaccharide containing 2 pyruvic acids but without attached fatty acid. The C14 and C16 fatty acids were identified as myristic and palmitic acid, whereas the C22 fatty acid was 2,4-dimethyl-2-eicosenoic acid. Precise localization of the fatty acids came from periodate oxidation and methylation analysis.
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Kamisango K, Saadat S, Dell A, Ballou CE. Pyruvylated glycolipids from Mycobacterium smegmatis. Nature and location of the lipid components. J Biol Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)89239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Saadat S, Ballou CE. Pyruvylated glycolipids from Mycobacterium smegmatis. Structures of two oligosaccharide components. J Biol Chem 1983; 258:1813-8. [PMID: 6822534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A crude glycolipid fraction was isolated from Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 356 by ethanolic extraction and silica gel chromatography. After deacylation of the glycolipid fraction, a dipyruvylated pentasaccharide (acidic oligosaccharide A) and a monopyruvylated tetrasaccharide (acidic oligosaccharide B1) were purified by ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Methylation analysis, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and periodate oxidation suggested that oligosaccharide A was 4,6-(1-carboxyethylidene)-3-O-methyl-beta-D Glcp-(1-3)-4,6-(1-carboxyethylidene)-beta-D-Glcp-(1-4)-beta-D-Glcp-(1-6)-alpha- D Glcp-(1-1)-alpha-D-Glcp and that oligosaccharide B1 was 4,6-(1-carboxyethylidene)-beta-D-Glcp-(1-4)-beta-D-Glcp-(1-6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-1 ) -alpha-D-Glcp. Both compounds contain a trehalose unit as a part of the oligosaccharide structure, and B1 appears to be a biosynthetic precursor of A because the two differ only in a pyruvylated 3-O-methylglucose unit. A third component, acidic oligosaccharide B2, differs from oligosaccharide A only in lacking 1 of the 2 pyruvate residues.
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Gould L, Reddy CV, Maghazeh P, Cifarelli F, Brevetti G, Shin CS, Saadat S. Three hundred and fifty-three consecutive patients with permanent transvenous pacemakers. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1980; 3:452-5. [PMID: 6160538 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1980.tb05254.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The safety and convenience of the transvenous approach to long-term endocardial pacing are well established, but its principal drawback is electrode displacement. The reported incidence of this complication varies between 3.0% to 36.7%, and is highest in the early post-implantation period before endocardial fixation of the electrode tip. Recently Brewster and Evans determined that the electrode displacement rate in 21 published series averaged 14.3%. However, the Inter Society Committee on Heart Diseases (ICHD) report on pacemakers states that a rate of early displacement greater than 5% calls for a critical review of results. The training and expertise of the persons inserting the pacemaker electrodes undoubtedly are major factors which determine the proper transvenous placement of permanent cardiac electrodes. This paper deals with our clinical experience of 353 patients who received permanent transvenous pacemakers during the period September 1, 1974 through March 1, 1979, with emphasis on problems and complications encountered and overall results.
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