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Derqui N, Koycheva A, Zhou J, Pillay TD, Crone MA, Hakki S, Fenn J, Kundu R, Varro R, Conibear E, Madon KJ, Barnett JL, Houston H, Singanayagam A, Narean JS, Tolosa-Wright MR, Mosscrop L, Rosadas C, Watber P, Anderson C, Parker E, Freemont PS, Ferguson NM, Zambon M, McClure MO, Tedder R, Barclay WS, Dunning J, Taylor GP, Lalvani A, Cutajar J, Quinn V, Hammett S, McDermott E, Luca C, Timcang K, Samuel J, Bremang S, Evetts S, Wang L, Nevin S, Davies M, Tejpal C, Essoussi M, Ketkar AV, Miserocchi G, Catchpole H, Badhan A, Dustan S, Day Weber IJ, Marchesin F, Whitfield MG, Poh J, Kondratiuk A. Risk factors and vectors for SARS-CoV-2 household transmission: a prospective, longitudinal cohort study. The Lancet Microbe 2023:S2666-5247(23)00069-1. [PMID: 37031689 PMCID: PMC10132910 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(23)00069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite circumstantial evidence for aerosol and fomite spread of SARS-CoV-2, empirical data linking either pathway with transmission are scarce. Here we aimed to assess whether the presence of SARS-CoV-2 on frequently-touched surfaces and residents' hands was a predictor of SARS-CoV-2 household transmission. METHODS In this longitudinal cohort study, during the pre-alpha (September to December, 2020) and alpha (B.1.1.7; December, 2020, to April, 2021) SARS-CoV-2 variant waves, we prospectively recruited contacts from households exposed to newly diagnosed COVID-19 primary cases, in London, UK. To maximally capture transmission events, contacts were recruited regardless of symptom status and serially tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR on upper respiratory tract (URT) samples and, in a subcohort, by serial serology. Contacts' hands, primary cases' hands, and frequently-touched surface-samples from communal areas were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. SARS-CoV-2 URT isolates from 25 primary case-contact pairs underwent whole-genome sequencing (WGS). FINDINGS From Aug 1, 2020, until March 31, 2021, 620 contacts of PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected primary cases were recruited. 414 household contacts (from 279 households) with available serial URT PCR results were analysed in the full household contacts' cohort, and of those, 134 contacts with available longitudinal serology data and not vaccinated pre-enrolment were analysed in the serology subcohort. Household infection rate was 28·4% (95% CI 20·8-37·5) for pre-alpha-exposed contacts and 51·8% (42·5-61·0) for alpha-exposed contacts (p=0·0047). Primary cases' URT RNA viral load did not correlate with transmission, but was associated with detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on their hands (p=0·031). SARS-CoV-2 detected on primary cases' hands, in turn, predicted contacts' risk of infection (adjusted relative risk [aRR]=1·70 [95% CI 1·24-2·31]), as did SARS-CoV-2 RNA presence on household surfaces (aRR=1·66 [1·09-2·55]) and contacts' hands (aRR=2·06 [1·57-2·69]). In six contacts with an initial negative URT PCR result, hand-swab (n=3) and household surface-swab (n=3) PCR positivity preceded URT PCR positivity. WGS corroborated household transmission. INTERPRETATION Presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on primary cases' and contacts' hands and on frequently-touched household surfaces associates with transmission, identifying these as potential vectors for spread in households. FUNDING National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Respiratory Infections, Medical Research Council.
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Winchester L, Barber I, Lawton M, Ash J, Liu B, Evetts S, Hopkins-Jones L, Lewis S, Bresner C, Malpartida AB, Williams N, Gentlemen S, Wade-Martins R, Ryan B, Holgado-Nevado A, Hu M, Ben-Shlomo Y, Grosset D, Lovestone S. Identification of a possible proteomic biomarker in Parkinson's disease: discovery and replication in blood, brain and cerebrospinal fluid. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcac343. [PMID: 36694577 PMCID: PMC9856276 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers to aid diagnosis and delineate the progression of Parkinson's disease are vital for targeting treatment in the early phases of the disease. Here, we aim to discover a multi-protein panel representative of Parkinson's and make mechanistic inferences from protein expression profiles within the broader objective of finding novel biomarkers. We used aptamer-based technology (SomaLogic®) to measure proteins in 1599 serum samples, 85 cerebrospinal fluid samples and 37 brain tissue samples collected from two observational longitudinal cohorts (the Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre and Tracking Parkinson's) and the Parkinson's Disease Brain Bank, respectively. Random forest machine learning was performed to discover new proteins related to disease status and generate multi-protein expression signatures with potential novel biomarkers. Differential regulation analysis and pathway analysis were performed to identify functional and mechanistic disease associations. The most consistent diagnostic classifier signature was tested across modalities [cerebrospinal fluid (area under curve) = 0.74, P = 0.0009; brain area under curve = 0.75, P = 0.006; serum area under curve = 0.66, P = 0.0002]. Focusing on serum samples and using only those with severe disease compared with controls increased the area under curve to 0.72 (P = 1.0 × 10-4). In the validation data set, we showed that the same classifiers were significantly related to disease status (P < 0.001). Differential expression analysis and weighted gene correlation network analysis highlighted key proteins and pathways with known relationships to Parkinson's. Proteins from the complement and coagulation cascades suggest a disease relationship to immune response. The combined analytical approaches in a relatively large number of samples, across tissue types, with replication and validation, provide mechanistic insights into the disease as well as nominate a protein signature classifier that deserves further biomarker evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Winchester
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Imelda Barber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Michael Lawton
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jessica Ash
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Benjamine Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Samuel Evetts
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre and Division of Neurology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucinda Hopkins-Jones
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Suppalak Lewis
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Catherine Bresner
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Ana Belen Malpartida
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nigel Williams
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Steve Gentlemen
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Brent Ryan
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Michele Hu
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre and Division of Neurology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yoav Ben-Shlomo
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Donald Grosset
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
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3
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Hakki S, Zhou J, Jonnerby J, Singanayagam A, Barnett JL, Madon KJ, Koycheva A, Kelly C, Houston H, Nevin S, Fenn J, Kundu R, Crone MA, Pillay TD, Ahmad S, Derqui-Fernandez N, Conibear E, Freemont PS, Taylor GP, Ferguson N, Zambon M, Barclay WS, Dunning J, Lalvani A, Badhan A, Varro R, Luca C, Quinn V, Cutajar J, Nichols N, Russell J, Grey H, Ketkar A, Miserocchi G, Tejpal C, Catchpole H, Nixon K, Di Biase B, Hopewell T, Narean JS, Samuel J, Timcang K, McDermott E, Bremang S, Hammett S, Evetts S, Kondratiuk A. Onset and window of SARS-CoV-2 infectiousness and temporal correlation with symptom onset: a prospective, longitudinal, community cohort study. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine 2022; 10:1061-1073. [PMID: 35988572 PMCID: PMC9388060 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(22)00226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Knowledge of the window of SARS-CoV-2 infectiousness is crucial in developing policies to curb transmission. Mathematical modelling based on scarce empirical evidence and key assumptions has driven isolation and testing policy, but real-world data are needed. We aimed to characterise infectiousness across the full course of infection in a real-world community setting. Methods The Assessment of Transmission and Contagiousness of COVID-19 in Contacts (ATACCC) study was a UK prospective, longitudinal, community cohort of contacts of newly diagnosed, PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 index cases. Household and non-household exposed contacts aged 5 years or older were eligible for recruitment if they could provide informed consent and agree to self-swabbing of the upper respiratory tract. The primary objective was to define the window of SARS-CoV-2 infectiousness and its temporal correlation with symptom onset. We quantified viral RNA load by RT-PCR and infectious viral shedding by enumerating cultivable virus daily across the course of infection. Participants completed a daily diary to track the emergence of symptoms. Outcomes were assessed with empirical data and a phenomenological Bayesian hierarchical model. Findings Between Sept 13, 2020, and March 31, 2021, we enrolled 393 contacts from 327 households (the SARS-CoV-2 pre-alpha and alpha variant waves); and between May 24, 2021, and Oct 28, 2021, we enrolled 345 contacts from 215 households (the delta variant wave). 173 of these 738 contacts were PCR positive for more than one timepoint, 57 of which were at the start of infection and comprised the final study population. The onset and end of infectious viral shedding were captured in 42 cases and the median duration of infectiousness was 5 (IQR 3–7) days. Although 24 (63%) of 38 cases had PCR-detectable virus before symptom onset, only seven (20%) of 35 shed infectious virus presymptomatically. Symptom onset was a median of 3 days before both peak viral RNA and peak infectious viral load (viral RNA IQR 3–5 days, n=38; plaque-forming units IQR 3–6 days, n=35). Notably, 22 (65%) of 34 cases and eight (24%) of 34 cases continued to shed infectious virus 5 days and 7 days post-symptom onset, respectively (survival probabilities 67% and 35%). Correlation of lateral flow device (LFD) results with infectious viral shedding was poor during the viral growth phase (sensitivity 67% [95% CI 59–75]), but high during the decline phase (92% [86–96]). Infectious virus kinetic modelling suggested that the initial rate of viral replication determines the course of infection and infectiousness. Interpretation Less than a quarter of COVID-19 cases shed infectious virus before symptom onset; under a crude 5-day self-isolation period from symptom onset, two-thirds of cases released into the community would still be infectious, but with reduced infectious viral shedding. Our findings support a role for LFDs to safely accelerate deisolation but not for early diagnosis, unless used daily. These high-resolution, community-based data provide evidence to inform infection control guidance. Funding National Institute for Health and Care Research.
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Winchester LM, Lawton M, Barber IS, Evetts S, Ryan B, Wade‐Martins R, Ben‐Shlomo Y, Hu M, Grosset DG, Nevado‐Holgado AJ, Lovestone S. Proteomic analysis of Parkinson’s disease patient cohorts show similarities in mechanism to Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.057727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Samuel Evetts
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Brent Ryan
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre Oxford United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Michele Hu
- University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom
- Janssen‐Cilag UK Ltd Oxford United Kingdom
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5
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Jiang C, Hopfner F, Katsikoudi A, Hein R, Catli C, Evetts S, Huang Y, Wang H, Ryder JW, Kuhlenbaeumer G, Deuschl G, Padovani A, Berg D, Borroni B, Hu MT, Davis JJ, Tofaris GK. Serum neuronal exosomes predict and differentiate Parkinson's disease from atypical parkinsonism. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020; 91:720-729. [PMID: 32273329 PMCID: PMC7361010 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-322588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parkinson's disease is characterised neuropathologically by α-synuclein aggregation. Currently, there is no blood test to predict the underlying pathology or distinguish Parkinson's from atypical parkinsonian syndromes. We assessed the clinical utility of serum neuronal exosomes as biomarkers across the spectrum of Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy and other proteinopathies. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study of 664 serum samples from the Oxford, Kiel and Brescia cohorts consisting of individuals with rapid eye movement sleep behavioural disorder, Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy, frontotemporal dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal syndrome and controls. Longitudinal samples were analysed from Parkinson's and control individuals. We developed poly(carboxybetaine-methacrylate) coated beads to isolate L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM)-positive extracellular vesicles with characteristics of exosomes and used mass spectrometry or multiplexed electrochemiluminescence to measure exosomal proteins. RESULTS Mean neuron-derived exosomal α-synuclein was increased by twofold in prodromal and clinical Parkinson's disease when compared with multiple system atrophy, controls or other neurodegenerative diseases. With 314 subjects in the training group and 105 in the validation group, exosomal α-synuclein exhibited a consistent performance (AUC=0.86) in separating clinical Parkinson's disease from controls across populations. Exosomal clusterin was elevated in subjects with non-α-synuclein proteinopathies. Combined neuron-derived exosomal α-synuclein and clusterin measurement predicted Parkinson's disease from other proteinopathies with AUC=0.98 and from multiple system atrophy with AUC=0.94. Longitudinal sample analysis showed that exosomal α-synuclein remains stably elevated with Parkinson's disease progression. CONCLUSIONS Increased α-synuclein egress in serum neuronal exosomes precedes the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, persists with disease progression and in combination with clusterin predicts and differentiates Parkinson's disease from atypical parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jiang
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Franziska Hopfner
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Antigoni Katsikoudi
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert Hein
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Candan Catli
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Evetts
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yongzhi Huang
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hong Wang
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - John W Ryder
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Guenther Deuschl
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michele T Hu
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jason J Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - George K Tofaris
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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6
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Carling PJ, Mortiboys H, Green C, Mihaylov S, Sandor C, Schwartzentruber A, Taylor R, Wei W, Hastings C, Wong S, Lo C, Evetts S, Clemmens H, Wyles M, Willcox S, Payne T, Hughes R, Ferraiuolo L, Webber C, Hide W, Wade-Martins R, Talbot K, Hu MT, Bandmann O. Deep phenotyping of peripheral tissue facilitates mechanistic disease stratification in sporadic Parkinson's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 187:101772. [PMID: 32058042 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic disease stratification will be crucial to develop a precision medicine approach for future disease modifying therapy in sporadic Parkinson's disease (sPD). Mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction are key mechanisms in the pathogenesis of sPD and therefore promising targets for therapeutic intervention. We investigated mitochondrial and lysosomal function in skin fibroblasts of 100 sPD patients and 50 age-matched controls. A combination of cellular assays, RNA-seq based pathway analysis and genotyping was applied. Distinct subgroups with mitochondrial (mito-sPD) or lysosomal (lyso-sPD) dysfunction were identified. Mitochondrial dysfunction correlated with reduction in complex I and IV protein levels. RNA-seq based pathway analysis revealed marked activation of the lysosomal pathway with enrichment for lysosomal disease gene variants in lyso-sPD. Conversion of fibroblasts to induced neuronal progenitor cells and subsequent differentiation into tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons confirmed and further enhanced both mitochondrial and lysosomal abnormalities. Treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid improved mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular ATP levels even in sPD patient fibroblast lines with comparatively mild mitochondrial dysfunction. The results of our study suggest that in-depth phenotyping and focussed assessment of putative neuroprotective compounds in peripheral tissue are a promising approach towards disease stratification and precision medicine in sPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillippa J Carling
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Heather Mortiboys
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Claire Green
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Simeon Mihaylov
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Cynthia Sandor
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Aurelie Schwartzentruber
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Rosie Taylor
- Statistical Service Unit (SSU), University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Wenbin Wei
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Chris Hastings
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Siew Wong
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Christine Lo
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Samuel Evetts
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Level 3, Department of Neurology, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Hannah Clemmens
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Matthew Wyles
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Sam Willcox
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Thomas Payne
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Rachel Hughes
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Laura Ferraiuolo
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Caleb Webber
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK; Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Winston Hide
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Pathology (Dana 519), 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, UK; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3QX UK
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Level 3, Department of Neurology, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3QX UK
| | - Michele T Hu
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Level 3, Department of Neurology, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Oliver Bandmann
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK.
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7
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Smith AM, Depp C, Ryan BJ, Johnston GI, Alegre-Abarrategui J, Evetts S, Rolinski M, Baig F, Ruffmann C, Simon AK, Hu MTM, Wade-Martins R. Mitochondrial dysfunction and increased glycolysis in prodromal and early Parkinson's blood cells. Mov Disord 2018; 33:1580-1590. [PMID: 30294923 PMCID: PMC6221131 DOI: 10.1002/mds.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although primarily a neurodegenerative process, there is increasing awareness of peripheral disease mechanisms in Parkinson's disease. To investigate disease processes in accessible patient cells, we studied peripheral blood mononuclear cells in recently diagnosed PD patients and rapid eye movement‐sleep behavior disorder patients who have a greatly increased risk of developing PD. We hypothesized that peripheral blood mononuclear cells may recapitulate cellular pathology found in the PD brain and investigated these cells for mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and studied from PD patients, rapid eye movement‐sleep behavior disorder patients and age‐ and sex‐matched control individuals from the well‐characterized Oxford Discovery cohort. All participants underwent thorough clinical assessment. Results: Initial characterization showed that PD patients had elevated levels of CD14 + monocytes and monocytes expressing C‐C motif chemokine receptor 2. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress were increased in PD patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells, with elevated levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species specifically in patient monocytes. This was combined with reduced levels of the antioxidant superoxide dismutase in blood cells from PD patients and, importantly, also in rapid eye movement‐sleep behavior disorder patients. This mitochondrial dysfunction was associated with a concomitant increase in glycolysis in both PD and rapid eye movement‐sleep behavior disorder patient blood cells independent of glucose uptake or monocyte activation. Conclusions: This work demonstrates functional bioenergetic deficits in PD and rapid eye movement‐sleep behavior disorder patient blood cells during the early stages of human disease. © 2018 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Smith
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Constanze Depp
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Brent J Ryan
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Javier Alegre-Abarrategui
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Samuel Evetts
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michal Rolinski
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fahd Baig
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claudio Ruffmann
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna Katharina Simon
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, NIHR BRC, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michele T M Hu
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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8
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Fiandaca MS, Gross TJ, Johnson TM, Hu MT, Evetts S, Wade-Martins R, Merchant-Borna K, Bazarian J, Cheema AK, Mapstone M, Federoff HJ. Potential Metabolomic Linkage in Blood between Parkinson's Disease and Traumatic Brain Injury. Metabolites 2018; 8:metabo8030050. [PMID: 30205491 PMCID: PMC6161135 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8030050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiologic basis for sporadic forms of neurodegenerative diseases has been elusive but likely represents the product of genetic predisposition and various environmental factors. Specific gene-environment interactions have become more salient owing, in part, to the elucidation of epigenetic mechanisms and their impact on health and disease. The linkage between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and Parkinson's disease (PD) is one such association that currently lacks a mechanistic basis. Herein, we present preliminary blood-based metabolomic evidence in support of potential association between TBI and PD. Using untargeted and targeted high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry we identified metabolomic biomarker profiles in a cohort of symptomatic mild TBI (mTBI) subjects (n = 75) 3⁻12 months following injury (subacute) and TBI controls (n = 20), and a PD cohort with known PD (n = 20) or PD dementia (PDD) (n = 20) and PD controls (n = 20). Surprisingly, blood glutamic acid levels in both the subacute mTBI (increased) and PD/PDD (decreased) groups were notably altered from control levels. The observed changes in blood glutamic acid levels in mTBI and PD/PDD are discussed in relation to other metabolite profiling studies. Should our preliminary results be replicated in comparable metabolomic investigations of TBI and PD cohorts, they may contribute to an "excitotoxic" linkage between TBI and PD/PDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo S Fiandaca
- Translational Laboratory and Biorepository, Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697-3910, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697-3910, USA.
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697-3910, USA.
| | - Thomas J Gross
- Translational Laboratory and Biorepository, Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697-3910, USA.
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697-3910, USA.
| | - Thomas M Johnson
- Intrepid Spirit Concussion Recovery Center, Naval Medical Center Camp Lejeune, Jacksonville, NC 28540, USA.
| | - Michele T Hu
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, 01865 Oxford, UK.
- Department of Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford 01865, UK.
| | - Samuel Evetts
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, 01865 Oxford, UK.
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford 01865, UK.
| | - Kian Merchant-Borna
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14604, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Bazarian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14604, USA.
| | - Amrita K Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20001, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20001, USA.
| | - Mark Mapstone
- Translational Laboratory and Biorepository, Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697-3910, USA.
| | - Howard J Federoff
- Translational Laboratory and Biorepository, Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697-3910, USA.
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Thompson AG, Gray E, Thézénas ML, Charles PD, Evetts S, Hu MT, Talbot K, Fischer R, Kessler BM, Turner MR. Cerebrospinal fluid macrophage biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2018; 83:258-268. [PMID: 29331073 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The neurodegenerative disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome involving multiple molecular pathways. The development of biomarkers for use in therapeutic trials is a priority. We sought to use a high-throughput proteomic method to identify novel biomarkers in individual cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. METHODS Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with label-free quantification was used to identify CSF proteins using samples from a well-characterized longitudinal cohort comprising patients with ALS (n = 43), the upper motor neuron variant, primary lateral sclerosis (PLS; n = 6), and cross-sectional healthy (n = 20) and disease controls (Parkinsons' disease, n = 20; ALS mimic disorders, n = 12). RESULTS Three macrophage-derived chitinases showed increased abundance in ALS: chitotriosidase (CHIT1), chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1), and chitinase-3-like protein 2 (CHI3L2). Elevated CHI3L1 was common to ALS and PLS, whereas CHIT1 and CHI3L2 levels differed. Chitinase levels correlated with disease progression rate (CHIT1, r = 0.56, p < 0.001; CHI3L1, r = 0.31; p = 0.028; CHI3L2, r = 0.29, p = 0.044). CHIT1, CHI3L1, and CHI3L2 levels correlated with phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain (pNFH; r = 0.62, p < 0.001; r = 0.49, p < 0.001; r = 0.41, p < 0.001). CHI3L1 levels, but not CHIT1 or CHI3L2, increased over time in those with low initial levels (gradient = 0.005 log abundance units/month, p = 0.001). High CHIT1 was associated with shortened survival (hazard ratio [HR] 2.84; p = 0.009). Inclusion of pNFH in survival models left only an association of pNFH and survival (HR 1.26; p = 0.019). INTERPRETATION Neuroinflammatory mechanisms have been consistently implicated through various experimental paradigms. These results support a key role for macrophage activity in ALS pathogenesis, offering novel target engagement and pharmacodynamic biomarkers for neuroinflammation-focused ALS therapy. Ann Neurol 2018;83:258-268.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Thompson
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Gray
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Philip D Charles
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Evetts
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michele T Hu
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Roman Fischer
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martin R Turner
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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Barber TR, Lawton M, Rolinski M, Evetts S, Baig F, Ruffmann C, Gornall A, Klein JC, Lo C, Dennis G, Bandmann O, Quinnell T, Zaiwalla Z, Ben-Shlomo Y, Hu MTM. Prodromal Parkinsonism and Neurodegenerative Risk Stratification in REM Sleep Behavior Disorder. Sleep 2017; 40:3796343. [PMID: 28472425 PMCID: PMC5806544 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is the most specific marker of prodromal alpha-synucleinopathies. We sought to delineate the baseline clinical characteristics of RBD and evaluate risk stratification models. Methods Clinical assessments were performed in 171 RBD, 296 control, and 119 untreated Parkinson's (PD) participants. Putative risk measures were assessed as predictors of prodromal neurodegeneration, and Movement Disorders Society (MDS) criteria for prodromal PD were applied. Participants were screened for common leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2)/glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA) gene mutations. Results Compared to controls, participants with RBD had higher rates of solvent exposure, head injury, smoking, obesity, and antidepressant use. GBA mutations were more common in RBD, but no LRRK2 mutations were found. RBD participants performed significantly worse than controls on Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)-III, timed "get-up-and-go", Flamingo test, Sniffin Sticks, and cognitive tests and had worse measures of constipation, quality of life (QOL), and orthostatic hypotension. For all these measures except UPDRS-III, RBD and PD participants were equally impaired. Depression, anxiety, and apathy were worse in RBD compared to PD participants. Stratification of people with RBD according to antidepressant use, obesity, and age altered the odds ratio (OR) of hyposmia compared to controls from 3.4 to 45.5. 74% (95% confidence interval [CI] 66%, 80%) of RBD participants met the MDS criteria for probable prodromal Parkinson's compared to 0.3% (95% CI 0.009%, 2%) of controls. Conclusions RBD are impaired across a range of clinical measures consistent with prodromal PD and suggestive of a more severe nonmotor subtype. Clinical risk stratification has the potential to select higher risk patients for neuroprotective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Barber
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (OPDC), University of Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Lawton
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Michal Rolinski
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (OPDC), University of Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK.,Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Samuel Evetts
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (OPDC), University of Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Fahd Baig
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (OPDC), University of Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Claudio Ruffmann
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (OPDC), University of Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Aimie Gornall
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (OPDC), University of Oxford, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Johannes C Klein
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (OPDC), University of Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Christine Lo
- Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, UK.,Department of Neurology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, UK
| | - Gary Dennis
- Department of Neurology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, UK
| | - Oliver Bandmann
- Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, UK.,Department of Neurology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, UK
| | - Timothy Quinnell
- Respiratory Support and Sleep Centre, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zenobia Zaiwalla
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Yoav Ben-Shlomo
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Michele T M Hu
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (OPDC), University of Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
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11
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Baig F, Toulson G, Lawton M, Evetts S, Ruffmann C, Rolinski M, Klein J, Morovat R, Ben-Shlomo Y, Hu M. SERUM BIOMARKERS FOR PARKINSON'S DISEASE. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2016-315106.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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12
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Fernandes HJR, Hartfield EM, Christian HC, Emmanoulidou E, Zheng Y, Booth H, Bogetofte H, Lang C, Ryan BJ, Sardi SP, Badger J, Vowles J, Evetts S, Tofaris GK, Vekrellis K, Talbot K, Hu MT, James W, Cowley SA, Wade-Martins R. ER Stress and Autophagic Perturbations Lead to Elevated Extracellular α-Synuclein in GBA-N370S Parkinson's iPSC-Derived Dopamine Neurons. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 6:342-56. [PMID: 26905200 PMCID: PMC4788783 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA) represent the strongest common genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are still poorly understood. Here, we have analyzed ten independent induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from three controls and three unrelated PD patients heterozygous for the GBA-N370S mutation, and identified relevant disease mechanisms. After differentiation into dopaminergic neurons, we observed misprocessing of mutant glucocerebrosidase protein in the ER, associated with activation of ER stress and abnormal cellular lipid profiles. Furthermore, we observed autophagic perturbations and an enlargement of the lysosomal compartment specifically in dopamine neurons. Finally, we found increased extracellular α-synuclein in patient-derived neuronal culture medium, which was not associated with exosomes. Overall, ER stress, autophagic/lysosomal perturbations, and elevated extracellular α-synuclein likely represent critical early cellular phenotypes of PD, which might offer multiple therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo J R Fernandes
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Hartfield
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Helen C Christian
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Evangelia Emmanoulidou
- Division of Basic Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens 11526, Greece
| | - Ying Zheng
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Division of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Heather Booth
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Helle Bogetofte
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Charmaine Lang
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Brent J Ryan
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - S Pablo Sardi
- Genzyme, a Sanofi Company, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Jennifer Badger
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Jane Vowles
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; The James Martin Stem Cell Facility, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Samuel Evetts
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Division of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - George K Tofaris
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Division of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Kostas Vekrellis
- Division of Basic Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens 11526, Greece
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Division of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Michele T Hu
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Division of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - William James
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; The James Martin Stem Cell Facility, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Sally A Cowley
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; The James Martin Stem Cell Facility, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK.
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Rolinski M, Lawton M, Evetts S, Baig F, Ruffmann C, Mackay C, Quinnell T, Zaiwalla Z, Ben-shlomo Y, Hu M. Motor and non-motor features of Parkinson's disease in idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder. Sleep Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Rolinski M, Zokaei N, Lawton M, Evetts S, Mackay C, Quinnell T, Zaiwalla Z, Ben-Shlomo Y, Husain M, Hu M. FEATURES IN IDIOPATHIC RBD MIRROR THOSE OBSERVED IN PD. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2015-312379.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
IntroductionPatients with idiopathic RBD have an increased risk of developing a defined neurodegenerative disorder, the majority developing PD. Is it possible to detect features of PD in RBD, before a diagnosis of PD is established?MethodsFifty-seven patients with polysomnography-proven idiopathic RBD and seventy-four control and drug-naïve PD subjects were recruited. All participants underwent a thorough motor and non-motor assessment, and were screened for mutations in glucocerebrosidase (GBA) genes. Visual working memory was separately assessed in 21 RBD, 15 drug-naïve PD and 21 controls using a serial order task testing both recall precision and the pattern of impairment.ResultsRBD patients had increased motor and postural impairment compared to controls. Non-motor deficits (hyposmia, constipation, depression, anxiety) were similar between RBD and PD cases. Furthermore, there was a significant deficit of working memory memory recall precision in PD and RBD, with the pattern of deficit being similar in both groups.ConclusionRBD is associated with motor and non-motor impairment often seen in early PD. The pattern of visual working memory impairment in RBD is equivalent to that observed in early PD. These results support the hypothesis that idiopathic RBD is representative of prodromal sporadic PD.
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15
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Baig F, Lawton M, Rolinski M, Ruffmann C, Nithi K, Evetts S, Fernandes H, Ben-Shlomo Y, Hu M. IMPACT & TREATMENT OF NON-MOTOR SYMPTOMS IN EARLY PARKINSON'S DISEASE. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2015-312379.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
ObjectiveTo delineate treatment and quality of life of non-motor symptoms (NMS) in early Parkinson's disease (PD) and first-degree relatives.BackgroundNon-motor symptoms (NMS) are an important prodromal feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, their frequency, treatment rates and impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the early motor phase is unclear.Methods769 population-ascertained PD subjects within 3.5 years of diagnosis and 287 control subjects were assessed. Validated severity questionnaires were employed to assess NMS symptoms across the following domains: (1) neuropsychiatric (2) gastrointestinal (3) sleep (4) sensory (5) autonomic (6) sexual. Health related quality of life (HRQoL), functional status and management were also evaluated.ResultsNMS were common in early PD. More than half of the PD cases had hyposmia, pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance or urinary dysfunction. PD cases had worse HRQoL scores than controls (OR 4.1, p<0.001) with depression, anxiety and pain being stronger drivers than MDS-UPDRS motor scores. Quality of life is affected in early PD, although 23% of participants reported no problems. NMS were rarely treated in routine clinical practice.ConclusionsDespite their major impact on HRQoL, NMS are usually under-recognised and treated. The use of screening tools could improve recognition and treatment of NMS in early PD.
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Tomlinson PR, Zheng Y, Fischer R, Heidasch R, Gardiner C, Evetts S, Hu M, Wade-Martins R, Turner MR, Morris J, Talbot K, Kessler BM, Tofaris GK. Identification of distinct circulating exosomes in Parkinson's disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2015; 2:353-61. [PMID: 25909081 PMCID: PMC4402081 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Whether circulating microvesicles convey bioactive signals in neurodegenerative diseases remains currently unknown. In this study, we investigated the biochemical composition and biological function of exosomes isolated from sera of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods Proteomic analysis was performed on microvesicle preparations from grouped samples of patients with genetic and sporadic forms of PD, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and healthy subjects. Nanoparticle-tracking analysis was used to assess the number and size of exosomes between patient groups. To interrogate their biological effect, microvesicles were added to primary rat cortical neurons subjected to either nutrient deprivation or sodium arsenite. Results Among 1033 proteins identified, 23 exosome-associated proteins were differentially abundant in PD, including the regulator of exosome biogenesis syntenin 1. These protein changes were detected despite similar exosome numbers across groups suggesting that they may reflect exosome subpopulations with distinct functions. Accordingly, we showed in models of neuronal stress that Parkinson's-derived microvesicles have a protective effect. Interpretation Collectively, these data suggest for the first time that immunophenotyping of circulating exosome subpopulations in PD may lead to a better understanding of the systemic response to neurodegeneration and the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Tomlinson
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ying Zheng
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Roman Fischer
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ronny Heidasch
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Gardiner
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Evetts
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michele Hu
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford Oxford, United Kingdom ; Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford Oxford, United Kingdom ; Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martin R Turner
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John Morris
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford Oxford, United Kingdom ; Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford Oxford, United Kingdom ; Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - George K Tofaris
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford Oxford, United Kingdom ; Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford Oxford, United Kingdom
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Xu Q, Evetts S, Hu M, Talbot K, Wade-Martins R, Davis JJ. An impedimetric assay of α-synuclein autoantibodies in early stage Parkinson's disease. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10100f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A careful quantification of autoantibodies raised against the primary protein component of Lewy bodies enables a statistically significant differentiation between early stage Parkinson's patients and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford, UK
| | - Samuel Evetts
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (OPDC)
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences
- University of Oxford
- John Radcliffe Hospital
- Oxford, UK
| | - Michele Hu
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (OPDC)
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences
- University of Oxford
- John Radcliffe Hospital
- Oxford, UK
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (OPDC)
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences
- University of Oxford
- John Radcliffe Hospital
- Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (OPDC)
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Genetics
- University of Oxford
- , UK
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18
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Webb CF, Yamashita Y, Ayers N, Evetts S, Paulin Y, Conley ME, Smith EA. The transcription factor Bright associates with Bruton's tyrosine kinase, the defective protein in immunodeficiency disease. J Immunol 2000; 165:6956-65. [PMID: 11120822 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.12.6956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Binding of the transcription factor Bright to Ig heavy chain loci after B cell activation is associated with increased heavy chain transcription. We now report that Bright coprecipitates with Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk), the defective enzyme in X-linked immunodeficiency disease (xid). Furthermore, we observed Btk in the nucleus of activated murine B cells, and mobility shift assays suggest that it is a component of the Bright DNA-binding complex. While BRIGHT protein was synthesized in activated spleen cells from xid mice, it did not bind DNA or associate stably with Btk. These data suggest that deficiencies in BRIGHT DNA-binding activity may contribute to the defects in Ig production seen in xid mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Webb
- Department of Immunobiology and Cancer, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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