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Neal SR, Fitzgerald F, Chimhuya S, Heys M, Cortina-Borja M, Chimhini G. Diagnosing early-onset neonatal sepsis in low-resource settings: development of a multivariable prediction model. Arch Dis Child 2023; 108:608-615. [PMID: 37105710 PMCID: PMC10423484 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2022-325158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a clinical prediction model to diagnose neonatal sepsis in low-resource settings. DESIGN Secondary analysis of data collected by the Neotree digital health system from 1 February 2019 to 31 March 2020. We used multivariable logistic regression with candidate predictors identified from expert opinion and literature review. Missing data were imputed using multivariate imputation and model performance was evaluated in the derivation cohort. SETTING A tertiary neonatal unit at Sally Mugabe Central Hospital, Zimbabwe. PATIENTS We included 2628 neonates aged <72 hours, gestation ≥32+0 weeks and birth weight ≥1500 g. INTERVENTIONS Participants received standard care as no specific interventions were dictated by the study protocol. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Clinical early-onset neonatal sepsis (within the first 72 hours of life), defined by the treating consultant neonatologist. RESULTS Clinical early-onset sepsis was diagnosed in 297 neonates (11%). The optimal model included eight predictors: maternal fever, offensive liquor, prolonged rupture of membranes, neonatal temperature, respiratory rate, activity, chest retractions and grunting. Receiver operating characteristic analysis gave an area under the curve of 0.74 (95% CI 0.70-0.77). For a sensitivity of 95% (92%-97%), corresponding specificity was 11% (10%-13%), positive predictive value 12% (11%-13%), negative predictive value 95% (92%-97%), positive likelihood ratio 1.1 (95% CI 1.0-1.1) and negative likelihood ratio 0.4 (95% CI 0.3-0.6). CONCLUSIONS Our clinical prediction model achieved high sensitivity with low specificity, suggesting it may be suited to excluding early-onset sepsis. Future work will validate and update this model before considering implementation within the Neotree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Neal
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Felicity Fitzgerald
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Simba Chimhuya
- Child and Adolescent Health Unit, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Michelle Heys
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Mario Cortina-Borja
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Pana TA, Kioh SH, Neal SR, Tan MP, Mat S, Moayyeri A, Luben RN, Wareham NJ, Khaw KT, Myint PK. Body Fat Percentage and the Long-term Risk of Fractures. The EPIC-Norfolk Prospective Population Cohort Study. Maturitas 2023; 168:71-77. [PMID: 36502648 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This cohort study aimed to determine the association between body fat percentage (BF%), incident fractures and calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA). METHODS Participants were drawn from the EPIC-Norfolk Prospective Population Cohort Study (median follow-up = 16.4 years). Cox models analysed the relationship between BF% and incident fractures (all and hip). Linear and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regressions modelled the relationship between BF% and BUA. RESULTS 14,129 participants (56.2 % women) were included. There were 1283 and 537 incident all and hip fractures respectively. The participants had a mean (standard deviation) age of 61.5 (9.0) years for women and 62.9 (9.0) years for men. Amongst men, BF% was not associated with incident all fractures. While BF% < 23 % (median) was not associated with hip fractures, BF% > 23 % was associated with increased risk of hip fractures by up to 50 % (hazard ratio (95 % confidence interval) = 1.49 (1.06-2.12)). In women, BF% < 39 % (median) was associated with up to 32 % higher risk of all fractures (1.32 (1.13-1.44)), while BF% > 35 % was not associated with this outcome. Higher BF% was associated with lower risk of incident hip fractures in women. Higher BF% was associated with higher BUA amongst women. Higher BF% up to ~23 % was associated with higher BUA amongst men. CONCLUSIONS Higher BF% is associated with lower risk of fractures in women. While there was no association between BF% and all fractures in men, increasing BF% >23 % was associated with higher risk of hip fractures in men. This appears to be independent of estimated bone mineral density. Fracture prevention efforts need to consider wider physical, clinical, and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiberiu A Pana
- Ageing Clinical & Experimental Research Group, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Sheng Hui Kioh
- Ageing Clinical & Experimental Research Group, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom; Ageing and Age-Associated Disorders Research Group, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Samuel R Neal
- Ageing Clinical & Experimental Research Group, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Maw Pin Tan
- Ageing and Age-Associated Disorders Research Group, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Medical Sciences, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Malaysia
| | - Sumaiyah Mat
- Ageing and Age-Associated Disorders Research Group, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Center of Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, National University of Malaysia, Malaysia
| | | | - Robert N Luben
- Gonville and Caius College, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Gonville and Caius College, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Phyo K Myint
- Ageing Clinical & Experimental Research Group, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Gannon H, Chimhini G, Cortina-Borja M, Chiyaka T, Mangiza M, Fitzgerald F, Heys M, Neal SR, Chimhuya S. Risk factors of mortality in neonates with neonatal encephalopathy in a tertiary newborn care unit in Zimbabwe over a 12-month period. PLOS Glob Public Health 2022; 2:e0000911. [PMID: 36962805 PMCID: PMC10021203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) accounts for ~23% of the 2.4 million annual global neonatal deaths. Approximately 99% of global neonatal deaths occur in low-resource settings, however, accurate data from these low-resource settings are scarce. We reviewed risk factors of neonatal mortality in neonates admitted with neonatal encephalopathy from a tertiary neonatal unit in Zimbabwe. A retrospective review of risk factors of short-term neonatal encephalopathy mortality was conducted at Sally Mugabe Central Hospital (SMCH) (November 2018 -October 2019). Data were gathered using a tablet-based data capture and quality improvement newborn care application (Neotree). Analyses were performed on data from all admitted neonates with a diagnosis of neonatal encephalopathy, incorporating maternal, intrapartum, and neonatal risk predictors of the primary outcome: mortality. 494/2894 neonates had neonatal encephalopathy on admission and were included. Of these, 94 died giving a neonatal encephalopathy-case fatality rate (CFR) of 190 per 1000 admitted neonates. Caesarean section (odds ratio (OR) 2.95(95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39-6.25), convulsions (OR 7.13 (1.41-36.1)), lethargy (OR 3.13 (1.24-7.91)), Thompson score "11-14" (OR 2.98 (1.08-8.22)) or "15-22" (OR 17.61 (1.74-178.0)) were significantly associated with neonatal death. No maternal risk factors were associated with mortality. Nearly 1 in 5 neonates diagnosed with neonatal encephalopathy died before discharge, similar to other low-resource settings but more than in typical high-resource centres. The Thompson score, a validated, sensitive and specific tool for diagnosing neonates with neonatal encephalopathy was an appropriate predictive clinical scoring system to identify at risk neonates in this setting. On univariable analysis time-period, specifically a period of staff shortages due to industrial action, had a significant impact on neonatal encephalopathy mortality. Emergency caesarean section was associated with increased mortality, suggesting perinatal care is likely to be a key moment for future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Gannon
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Unit of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Primary Healthcare Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Gwendoline Chimhini
- Unit of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Primary Healthcare Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Sally Mugabe Central Hospital Neonatal Unit, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Mario Cortina-Borja
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tarisai Chiyaka
- Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Marcia Mangiza
- Sally Mugabe Central Hospital Neonatal Unit, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Felicity Fitzgerald
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Heys
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Specialist Children’s and Young People’s Services, East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel R. Neal
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simbarashe Chimhuya
- Unit of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Primary Healthcare Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Sally Mugabe Central Hospital Neonatal Unit, Harare, Zimbabwe
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Chimhuya S, Neal SR, Chimhini G, Gannon H, Cortina Borja M, Crehan C, Nkhoma D, Chiyaka T, Wilson E, Hull-Bailey T, Fitzgerald F, Chiume M, Heys M. Indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic at two tertiary neonatal units in Zimbabwe and Malawi: an interrupted time series analysis. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e048955. [PMID: 35728901 PMCID: PMC9213761 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-048955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on neonatal care in low-income and middle-income countries. DESIGN Interrupted time series analysis. SETTING Two tertiary neonatal units in Harare, Zimbabwe and Lilongwe, Malawi. PARTICIPANTS We included a total of 6800 neonates who were admitted to either neonatal unit from 1 June 2019 to 25 September 2020 (Zimbabwe: 3450; Malawi: 3350). We applied no specific exclusion criteria. INTERVENTIONS The first cases of COVID-19 in each country (Zimbabwe: 20 March 2020; Malawi: 3 April 2020). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES Changes in the number of admissions, gestational age and birth weight, source of admission referrals, prevalence of neonatal encephalopathy, and overall mortality before and after the first cases of COVID-19. RESULTS Admission numbers in Zimbabwe did not initially change after the first case of COVID-19 but fell by 48% during a nurses' strike (relative risk (RR) 0.52, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.66, p<0.001). In Malawi, admissions dropped by 42% soon after the first case of COVID-19 (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.70, p<0.001). In Malawi, gestational age and birth weight decreased slightly by around 1 week (beta -1.4, 95% CI -1.62 to -0.65, p<0.001) and 300 g (beta -299.9, 95% CI -412.3 to -187.5, p<0.001) and outside referrals dropped by 28% (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.85, p<0.001). No changes in these outcomes were found in Zimbabwe and no significant changes in the prevalence of neonatal encephalopathy or mortality were found at either site (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The indirect impacts of COVID-19 are context-specific. While our study provides vital evidence to inform health providers and policy-makers, national data are required to ascertain the true impacts of the pandemic on newborn health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel R Neal
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gwen Chimhini
- Child and Adolescent Health Unit, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Hannah Gannon
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mario Cortina Borja
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Caroline Crehan
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Deliwe Nkhoma
- Parent and Child Health Initiative, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Tarisai Chiyaka
- Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Emma Wilson
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tim Hull-Bailey
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Felicity Fitzgerald
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Msandeni Chiume
- Department of Paediatrics, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Michelle Heys
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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Fitzgerald FC, Zingg W, Chimhini G, Chimhuya S, Wittmann S, Brotherton H, Olaru ID, Neal SR, Russell N, da Silva ARA, Sharland M, Seale AC, Cotton MF, Coffin S, Dramowski A. The Impact of Interventions to Prevent Neonatal Healthcare-associated Infections in Low- and Middle-income Countries: A Systematic Review. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2022; 41:S26-S35. [PMID: 35134037 PMCID: PMC8815829 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinically suspected and laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infections are frequent causes of morbidity and mortality during neonatal care. The most effective infection prevention and control interventions for neonates in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) are unknown. AIM To identify effective interventions in the prevention of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in LMIC neonatal units. METHODS Medline, PUBMED, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE and PsychInfo (January 2003 to October 2020) were searched to identify studies reporting single or bundled interventions for prevention of bloodstream infections in LMIC neonatal units. RESULTS Our initial search identified 5206 articles; following application of filters, 27 publications met the inclusion and Integrated Quality Criteria for the Review of Multiple Study Designs assessment criteria and were summarized in the final analysis. No studies were carried out in low-income countries, only 1 in Sub-Saharan Africa and just 2 in multiple countries. Of the 18 single-intervention studies, most targeted skin (n = 4) and gastrointestinal mucosal integrity (n = 5). Whereas emollient therapy and lactoferrin achieved significant reductions in proven neonatal infection, glutamine and mixed probiotics showed no benefit. Chlorhexidine gluconate for cord care and kangaroo mother care reduced infection in individual single-center studies. Of the 9 studies evaluating bundles, most focused on prevention of device-associated infections and achieved significant reductions in catheter- and ventilator-associated infections. CONCLUSIONS There is a limited evidence base for the effectiveness of infection prevention and control interventions in LMIC neonatal units; bundled interventions targeting device-associated infections were most effective. More multisite studies with robust study designs are needed to inform infection prevention and control intervention strategies in low-resource neonatal units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity C. Fitzgerald
- From the Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Walter Zingg
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gwendoline Chimhini
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Zimbabwe
| | - Simbarashe Chimhuya
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Zimbabwe
| | - Stefanie Wittmann
- Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Brotherton
- Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Unit, The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Ioana D. Olaru
- Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel R. Neal
- From the Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neal Russell
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, St George’s University of London, United Kingdom
| | - André Ricardo Araujo da Silva
- Laboratory of Teaching of Prevention and Control of Healthcare-Associated Infections, Federal Fluminense University, Brazil
| | - Mike Sharland
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, St George’s University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna C. Seale
- From the Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark F. Cotton
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Stellenbosch University, South Africa, and
| | - Susan Coffin
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Angela Dramowski
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Stellenbosch University, South Africa, and
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Pana TA, Dehghani M, Baradaran HR, Neal SR, Wood AD, Kwok CS, Loke YK, Luben RN, Mamas MA, Khaw KT, Myint PK. Calcium intake, calcium supplementation and cardiovascular disease and mortality in the British population: EPIC-norfolk prospective cohort study and meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol 2021; 36:669-683. [PMID: 33382441 PMCID: PMC8403619 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-020-00710-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The role of dietary calcium in cardiovascular disease prevention is unclear. We aimed to determine the association between calcium intake and incident cardiovascular disease and mortality. Data were extracted from the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer, Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk). Multivariable Cox regressions analysed associations between calcium intake (dietary and supplemental) and cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, aortic stenosis, peripheral vascular disease) and mortality (cardiovascular and all-cause). The results of this study were pooled with those from published prospective cohort studies in a meta-analsyis, stratifying by average calcium intake using a 700 mg/day threshold. A total of 17,968 participants aged 40-79 years were followed up for a median of 20.36 years (20.32-20.38). Compared to the first quintile of calcium intake (< 770 mg/day), intakes between 771 and 926 mg/day (second quintile) and 1074-1254 mg/day (fourth quintile) were associated with reduced all-cause mortality (HR 0.91 (0.83-0.99) and 0.85 (0.77-0.93), respectively) and cardiovascular mortality [HR 0.95 (0.87-1.04) and 0.93 (0.83-1.04)]. Compared to the first quintile of calcium intake, second, third, fourth, but not fifth quintiles were associated with fewer incident strokes: respective HR 0.84 (0.72-0.97), 0.83 (0.71-0.97), 0.78 (0.66-0.92) and 0.95 (0.78-1.15). The meta-analysis results suggest that high levels of calcium intake were associated with decreased all-cause mortality, but not cardiovascular mortality, regardless of average calcium intake. Calcium supplementation was associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality amongst women, but not men. Moderate dietary calcium intake may protect against cardiovascular and all-cause mortality and incident stroke. Calcium supplementation may reduce mortality in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiberiu A Pana
- Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research (ACER) Team, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Aberdeen Diabetes and Cardiovascular Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Room 4:013, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Mohsen Dehghani
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Baradaran
- Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research (ACER) Team, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Endocrinology Research Centre, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samuel R Neal
- Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research (ACER) Team, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Adrian D Wood
- Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research (ACER) Team, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Chun Shing Kwok
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Yoon K Loke
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Robert N Luben
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mamas A Mamas
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Phyo Kyaw Myint
- Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research (ACER) Team, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
- Aberdeen Diabetes and Cardiovascular Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Room 4:013, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB25 2ZD, UK.
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Gannon H, Chimhuya S, Chimhini G, Neal SR, Shaw LP, Crehan C, Hull-Bailey T, Ferrand RA, Klein N, Sharland M, Cortina Borja M, Robertson V, Heys M, Fitzgerald FC. Electronic application to improve management of infections in low-income neonatal units: pilot implementation of the NeoTree beta app in a public sector hospital in Zimbabwe. BMJ Open Qual 2021; 10:e001043. [PMID: 33472853 PMCID: PMC7818839 DOI: 10.1136/bmjoq-2020-001043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
There are 2. 4 million annual neonatal deaths worldwide. Simple, evidence-based interventions such as temperature control could prevent approximately two-thirds of these deaths. However, key problems in implementing these interventions are a lack of newborn-trained healthcare workers and a lack of data collection systems. NeoTree is a digital platform aiming to improve newborn care in low-resource settings through real-time data capture and feedback alongside education and data linkage. This project demonstrates proof of concept of the NeoTree as a real-time data capture tool replacing handwritten clinical paper notes over a 9-month period in a tertiary neonatal unit at Harare Central Hospital, Zimbabwe. We aimed to deliver robust data for monthly mortality and morbidity meetings and to improve turnaround time for blood culture results among other quality improvement indicators. There were 3222 admissions and discharges entered using the NeoTree software with 41 junior doctors and 9 laboratory staff trained over the 9-month period. The NeoTree app was fully integrated into the department for all admission and discharge documentation and the monthly presentations became routine, informing local practice. An essential factor for this success was local buy-in and ownership at each stage of the project development, as was monthly data analysis and presentations allowing us to rapidly troubleshoot emerging issues. However, the laboratory arm of the project was negatively affected by nationwide economic upheaval. Our successes and challenges piloting this digital tool have provided key insights for effective future roll-out in Zimbabwe and other low-income healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Gannon
- Department of Population, Policy & Practice, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Simbarashe Chimhuya
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Gwendoline Chimhini
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Samuel R Neal
- Department of Population, Policy & Practice, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Liam P Shaw
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Caroline Crehan
- Department of Population, Policy & Practice, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Tim Hull-Bailey
- Department of Population, Policy & Practice, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Rashida A Ferrand
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Nigel Klein
- Infection, Immunity & Inflammation Dept, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | - Mario Cortina Borja
- Department of Population, Policy & Practice, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Valerie Robertson
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Michelle Heys
- Department of Population, Policy & Practice, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Specialist Children's and Young People's Services, East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Felicity C Fitzgerald
- Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Infection, Immunity & Inflammation Dept, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Neal SR, Musorowegomo D, Gannon H, Cortina Borja M, Heys M, Chimhini G, Fitzgerald F. Clinical prediction models to diagnose neonatal sepsis: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e039712. [PMID: 32819959 PMCID: PMC7440696 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neonatal sepsis is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diagnosis is often difficult due to non-specific clinical features and the unavailability of laboratory tests in many low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Clinical prediction models have the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy and rationalise antibiotic usage in neonatal units, which may result in reduced antimicrobial resistance and improved neonatal outcomes. In this paper, we outline our scoping review protocol to map the literature concerning clinical prediction models to diagnose neonatal sepsis. We aim to provide an overview of existing models and evidence underlying their use and compare prediction models between high-income countries and LMICs. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The protocol was developed with reference to recommendations by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Searches will include six electronic databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Global Index Medicus and the Cochrane Library) supplemented by hand searching of reference lists and citation analysis on included studies. No time period restrictions will be applied but only studies published in English or Spanish will be included. Screening and data extraction will be performed independently by two reviewers, with a third reviewer used to resolve conflicts. The results will be reported by narrative synthesis in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The nature of the scoping review methodology means that this study does not require ethical approval. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations, as well as through engagement with peers and relevant stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Neal
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Musorowegomo
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Hannah Gannon
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mario Cortina Borja
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michelle Heys
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Specialist Children's and Young People's Services, East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Gwen Chimhini
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Felicity Fitzgerald
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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9
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Yrjana KR, Neal SR, Soiza RL, Keevil V, Luben RN, Wareham NJ, Khaw KT, Myint PK. Baseline anticholinergic burden from medications predicts poorer baseline and long-term health-related quality of life in 16 675 men and women of EPIC-Norfolk prospective population-based cohort study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2020; 30:135-143. [PMID: 32757254 DOI: 10.1002/pds.5085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies investigating the association between anticholinergic burden (ACB) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) showed conflicting results and focused on older adults or specific patient groups only. METHODS Participants from the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer-Norfolk study were divided into three groups according to their ACB from medications at baseline, representing ACB scores of 0, 1 and ≥2. Outcomes of interest were the physical and mental component summary scores (PCS and MCS) of the Short Form-36, collected at 18 months from the baseline and again after a mean 13 years of follow-up. Linear regression and logistic regression for cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between ACB and HRQoL were constructed adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS A total of 16 675 participants, mean age 58.9 ± 9.1 years (55.6% female) and 7133 participants, mean age at follow-up 69.1 ± 8.7 years (56.8% female), were included in the cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, respectively. In cross-sectional analysis, higher anticholinergic burden was associated with higher odds of being in the lowest quartile of PCS (ACB = 1; OR, 1.85[1.64, 2.09] and ACB ≥ 2:2.19[1.85, 2.58] and MCS (ACB = 1:1.47[1.30, 1.66] and ACB ≥ 2:1.68[1.42, 1.98]). In longitudinal analysis, higher anticholinergic burden was similarly associated with higher odds of being in the lowest quartile of PCS (ACB = 1:1.56[1.24, 1.95] and ACB ≥ 2:1.48[1.07, 2.03]) compared with ACB 0 group. The association with MCS scores did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION The use of anticholinergic medications is associated with both short and long-term poorer physical functions but association with mental functioning appears more short-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa R Yrjana
- Ageing Clinical & Experimental Research (ACER) Team, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Samuel R Neal
- Ageing Clinical & Experimental Research (ACER) Team, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Roy L Soiza
- Ageing Clinical & Experimental Research (ACER) Team, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,Department of Medicine for the Elderly, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Victoria Keevil
- Department of Medicine for the Elderly, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert N Luben
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Phyo Kyaw Myint
- Ageing Clinical & Experimental Research (ACER) Team, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,Department of Medicine for the Elderly, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
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10
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Abstract
What can we learn about the coronavirus pandemic from text-mining the titles of journal papers? By Samuel R. Neal and Cindy Zheng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Neal
- Samuel Neal is a Medical student at the University of Aberdeen, currently studying for an MRes in Child Health at the UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health
| | - Cindy Zheng
- Cindy Zheng is a Medical student at the University of Aberdeen, currently studying for a Master of Public Health
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11
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Neal SR, Wood AD, Ablett AD, Gregory JS, Guillot J, Macdonald HM, Reid DM, Myint PK. Anticholinergic burden in middle-aged women and recurrent falls in later life: findings from the Aberdeen prospective osteoporosis screening study (APOSS). Ther Adv Drug Saf 2020; 11:2042098620929852. [PMID: 32547728 PMCID: PMC7273562 DOI: 10.1177/2042098620929852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Anticholinergic burden (ACB) is a recognised risk factor for falls in older
people; however, whether ACB in middle age predicts falls in later life is
unknown. Methods: We examined this association in the middle-aged women of the Aberdeen
Prospective Osteoporosis Screening Study (APOSS). ACB was calculated at the
second health visit (1997–1999, study baseline) using the Anticholinergic
Cognitive Burden Scale. Outcomes were incidence of 1 fall and recurrent
falls (⩾2 falls) during the 12 months prior to follow up 2007–2011.
Multinomial logistic regression analyses adjusted for potential confounders
including demographics, comorbidities and falls history. Results: A total of 2125 women {mean age (standard deviation [SD]): 54.7 (2.2) years
at baseline and 66.0 (2.2) years at follow up} were included. Prevalence of
baseline ACB score of 0, 1 and ⩾2 was 87.1%, 7.3% and 5.6%, respectively.
Compared with no ACB, ACB ⩾2 was associated with recurrent falls in the
previous 12 months [adjusted odds ratio (OR): 2.34, 95% confidence interval
(CI): 1.31, 4.19] at an average of 11 years after initial exposure. No such
association was found for an ACB score of 1. Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential negative effects of anticholinergic
medications in middle age. While cautious use of anticholinergic medications
is advisable, further longitudinal research should be conducted to confirm
these findings before any specific clinical recommendations can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Neal
- Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research (ACER) Team, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Adrian D Wood
- Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research (ACER) Team, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Andrew D Ablett
- Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research (ACER) Team, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jenny S Gregory
- Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jordan Guillot
- Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research (ACER) Team, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Helen M Macdonald
- Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, UK Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Medicine Research Programme, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - David M Reid
- Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, UK Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Medicine Research Programme, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Phyo K Myint
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research (ACER) Team, University of Aberdeen, Room 4:013, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB25 2ZD, UK Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, UK Department of Medicine for the Elderly, NHS Grampian, Foresterhill Road, Aberdeen, UK
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12
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Barlas G, Luben RL, Neal SR, Wareham NJ, Khaw KT, Myint PK. Self-Reported Fatigue Predicts Incident Stroke in a General Population: EPIC-Norfolk Prospective Population-Based Study. Stroke 2020; 51:1077-1084. [PMID: 32126943 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.027163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- Fatigue is a common symptom among stroke survivors and in general practice. However, the clinical significance of fatigue and its relationship to incident stroke is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between self-reported fatigue and the incidence of stroke in a general population. Methods- This was a prospective, population-based study. The study population was 15 654 men and women aged 39 to 79 years recruited in 1993 to 1997 and followed till March 2016. Fatigue was assessed at 18 months after baseline using the vitality domain of the Short Form 36 questionnaire. Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to describe the prospective relationship between baseline fatigue and incident stroke adjusting for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable consumption, diabetes mellitus, body mass index, vitamin supplement use, education level, Townsend deprivation index, and occupational social class. Incident stroke was ascertained using death certificates and hospital record linkage data. Results- Through 249 248 person-years of follow-up, 1509 incident strokes occurred. Participants who reported the highest level of fatigue (quartile 4) were more likely to be women, to be multimorbid, and to perceive their health as fair or poor. We observed ≈50% relative risk increase in stroke risk (hazard ratio, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.29-1.71]) in those who reported the highest level of fatigue compared with those who reported the lowest level of fatigue (Q4 versus Q1). This relationship remained unaltered regardless of anemia status, the presence or absence of chronic bronchitis, thyroid dysfunction, or depression. Conclusions- Self-report fatigue assessed by the vitality domain of the Short Form 36 questionnaire predicts the risk of future stroke at the general population level. Identifying and addressing stroke risk factors in those who report fatigue in general practice may have substantial benefit at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Barlas
- From the Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom (G.B., S.R.N., P.K.M.)
| | - Robert L Luben
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.L.L., K.-T.K.)
| | - Samuel R Neal
- From the Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom (G.B., S.R.N., P.K.M.)
| | | | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.L.L., K.-T.K.)
| | - Phyo K Myint
- From the Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom (G.B., S.R.N., P.K.M.)
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13
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Hanlon P, Quinn TJ, Gallacher KI, Myint PK, Jani BD, Nicholl BI, Lowrie R, Soiza RL, Neal SR, Lee D, Mair FS. Assessing Risks of Polypharmacy Involving Medications With Anticholinergic Properties. Ann Fam Med 2020; 18:148-155. [PMID: 32152019 PMCID: PMC7062487 DOI: 10.1370/afm.2501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Anticholinergic burden (ACB), the cumulative effect of anticholinergic medications, is associated with adverse outcomes in older people but is less studied in middle-aged populations. Numerous scales exist to quantify ACB. The aims of this study were to quantify ACB in a large cohort using the 10 most common anticholinergic scales, to assess the association of each scale with adverse outcomes, and to assess overlap in populations identified by each scale. METHODS We performed a longitudinal analysis of the UK Biobank community cohort (502,538 participants, baseline age: 37-73 years, median years of follow-up: 6.2). The ACB was calculated at baseline using 10 scales. Baseline data were linked to national mortality register records and hospital episode statistics. The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE). Secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality, MACE, hospital admission for fall/fracture, and hospital admission with dementia/delirium. Cox proportional hazards models (hazard ratio [HR], 95% CI) quantified associations between ACB scales and outcomes adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol use, physical activity, and morbidity count. RESULTS Anticholinergic medication use varied from 8% to 17.6% depending on the scale used. For the primary outcome, ACB was significantly associated with all-cause mortality/MACE for each scale. The Anticholinergic Drug Scale was most strongly associated with mortality/MACE (HR = 1.12; 95% CI, 1.11-1.14 per 1-point increase in score). The ACB was significantly associated with all secondary outcomes. The Anticholinergic Effect on Cognition scale was most strongly associated with dementia/delirium (HR = 1.45; 95% CI, 1.3-1.61 per 1-point increase). CONCLUSIONS The ACB was associated with adverse outcomes in a middle- to older-aged population. Populations identified and effect size differed between scales. Scale choice influenced the population identified as potentially requiring reduction in ACB in clinical practice or intervention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hanlon
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Terence J Quinn
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Katie I Gallacher
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Phyo K Myint
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom.,Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Bhautesh Dinesh Jani
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara I Nicholl
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Lowrie
- Pharmacy and Prescribing Support Unit, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, West Glasgow Ambulatory Care Unit, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Roy L Soiza
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom.,Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel R Neal
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Lee
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, University Place, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Frances S Mair
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
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14
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Donaldson AIC, Neal SR, McAlpine CH, Quinn T, Shenkin SD, Ellis G, Myint PK. Variation in acute and community service provision of care of the elderly services across Scotland: findings from the Scottish Care of Older People (SCoOP) initial scoping survey. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2019; 49:105-111. [PMID: 31188337 DOI: 10.4997/jrcpe.2019.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This scoping survey is a preliminary part of the Scottish Care of Older People (SCoOP) audit programme, which aims to assess specialist service provision for older people with frailty in Scotland, and provide benchmarking data for improving services. METHODS The survey was distributed to nominated consultant geriatricians based in 12 of the 14 Scottish health boards who completed data to the 'best of their knowledge'. Data collected were: consultant and specialty doctor level workforce; days of frailty unit operation; multidisciplinary team discussion frequency; and, physiotherapy and occupational therapy availability. Consultant cover was correlated with population data, and scores for service components used to derive separate acute and community service provision scores. RESULTS Consultant geriatrician availability varies widely across Scottish health boards with a median of 1.45 [range: 0.54-2.40; interquartile range (IQR): 0.71-2.28] full-time equivalent consultant geriatricians per 10,000 people ≥65 years. Variation was also present in the service provision scores [score range 0 (none) to 1.0 (very good)]: for acute services, the median national service provision score was 0.81 (range: 0.50-0.89; IQR: 0.75-0.85) and for community services 0.60 (range: 0.48-0.82; IQR: 0.52-0.65). CONCLUSIONS This report clearly demonstrates mismatch between workforce and services in both acute and community settings in the context of the population size. Future surveys will build on this preliminary information to audit service provision for older people at an individual hospital level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison I C Donaldson
- Ageing, Clinical and Experimental Research Team (ACER), School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Samuel R Neal
- Ageing, Clinical and Experimental Research Team (ACER), School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Phyo Kyaw Myint
- Room 4.013, Polwarth Building, Forester Hill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK,
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