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Conrado AC, Demetrio WC, Stanton DWG, Bartz MLC, James SW, Santos A, da Silva E, Ferreira T, Acioli ANS, Ferreira AC, Maia LS, Silva TAC, Lavelle P, Velasquez E, Tapia-Coral SC, Muniz AW, Segalla RF, Decaëns T, Nadolny HS, Peña-Venegas CP, Pasini A, de Oliveira Júnior RC, Kille P, Brown GG, Cunha L. Amazonian earthworm biodiversity is heavily impacted by ancient and recent human disturbance. Sci Total Environ 2023; 895:165087. [PMID: 37379924 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite the importance of earthworms for soil formation, more is needed to know about how Pre-Columbian modifications to soils and the landscape. Gaining a deeper understanding is essential for comprehending the historical drivers of earthworm communities and the development of effective conservation strategies in the Amazon rainforest. Human disturbance can significantly impact earthworm diversity, especially in rainforest soils, and in the particular case of the Amazonian rainforest, both recent and ancient anthropic practices may be important. Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs) are fertile soils found throughout the Amazon Basin, created by sedentary habits and intensification patterns of pre-Colombian societies primarily developed in the second part of the Holocene period. We have sampled earthworm communities in three Brazilian Amazonian (ADEs) and adjacent reference soils (REF) under old and young forests and monocultures. To better assess taxonomic richness, we used morphology and the barcode region of the COI gene to identify juveniles and cocoons and delimit Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs). Here we suggest using Integrated Operational Taxonomical units (IOTUs) which combine both morphological and molecular data and provide a more comprehensive assessment of diversity, while MOTUs only rely on molecular data. A total of 970 individuals were collected, resulting in 51 taxonomic units (IOTUs, MOTUs, and morphospecies combined). From this total, 24 taxonomic units were unique to REF soils, 17 to ADEs, and ten were shared between both soils. The highest richness was found in old forest sites for ADEs (12 taxonomic units) and REFs (21 taxonomic units). The beta-diversity calculations reveal a high species turnover between ADEs and REF soils, providing evidence that ADEs and REFs possess distinct soil biota. Furthermore, results suggest that ADE sites, formed by Pre-Columbian human activities, conserve a high number of native species in the landscape and maintain a high abundance, despite their long-term nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Conrado
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Wilian C Demetrio
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80035-050, Brazil
| | | | - Marie L C Bartz
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Samuel W James
- Maharishi International University, Fairfield, IA 52557, United States
| | - Alessandra Santos
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80035-050, Brazil
| | | | - Talita Ferreira
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Agno N S Acioli
- Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM 69067-005, Brazil
| | - Alexandre C Ferreira
- Entomology Department, Federal University of Paraná, 81530-900 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Lilianne S Maia
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Telma A C Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Patrick Lavelle
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Cali 763537, Colombia
| | - Elena Velasquez
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Palmira 32 #12-00, Colombia
| | | | - Aleksander W Muniz
- Entomology Department, Federal University of Paraná, 81530-900 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Manaus, AM 69010-970, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo F Segalla
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Thibaud Decaëns
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Herlon S Nadolny
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80035-050, Brazil
| | | | - Amarildo Pasini
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil
| | | | - Peter Kille
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF103AT, United Kingdom
| | - George G Brown
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80035-050, Brazil; Embrapa Florestas, Colombo, PR 83411-000, Brazil
| | - Luís Cunha
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Pontypridd CF374BD, United Kingdom.
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Marchán DF, James SW, Lemmon AR, Lemmon EM, Novo M, Domínguez J, Cosín DJD, Trigo D. Correction to: A strong backbone for an invertebrate group: anchored phylogenomics improves the resolution of genus-level relationships within the Lumbricidae (Annelida, Crassiclitellata). ORG DIVERS EVOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-022-00582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Tiwari N, James SW, Yadav S. First record of Pheretima vungtauensis (Clitellata: Megascolecidae) in India and its phylogenetic relationship with Metaphire houlleti. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01074-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Demetrio WC, Conrado AC, Acioli ANS, Ferreira AC, Bartz MLC, James SW, da Silva E, Maia LS, Martins GC, Macedo RS, Stanton DWG, Lavelle P, Velasquez E, Zangerlé A, Barbosa R, Tapia‐Coral SC, Muniz AW, Santos A, Ferreira T, Segalla RF, Decaëns T, Nadolny HS, Peña‐Venegas CP, Maia CMBF, Pasini A, Mota AF, Taube Júnior PS, Silva TAC, Rebellato L, de Oliveira Júnior RC, Neves EG, Lima HP, Feitosa RM, Vidal Torrado P, McKey D, Clement CR, Shock MP, Teixeira WG, Motta ACV, Melo VF, Dieckow J, Garrastazu MC, Chubatsu LS, Kille P, Brown GG, Cunha L. A "Dirty" Footprint: Macroinvertebrate diversity in Amazonian Anthropic Soils. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:4575-4591. [PMID: 34118093 PMCID: PMC9292437 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Amazonian rainforests, once thought to be pristine wilderness, are increasingly known to have been widely inhabited, modified, and managed prior to European arrival, by human populations with diverse cultural backgrounds. Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs) are fertile soils found throughout the Amazon Basin, created by pre-Columbian societies with sedentary habits. Much is known about the chemistry of these soils, yet their zoology has been neglected. Hence, we characterized soil fertility, macroinvertebrate communities, and their activity at nine archeological sites in three Amazonian regions in ADEs and adjacent reference soils under native forest (young and old) and agricultural systems. We found 673 morphospecies and, despite similar richness in ADEs (385 spp.) and reference soils (399 spp.), we identified a tenacious pre-Columbian footprint, with 49% of morphospecies found exclusively in ADEs. Termite and total macroinvertebrate abundance were higher in reference soils, while soil fertility and macroinvertebrate activity were higher in the ADEs, and associated with larger earthworm quantities and biomass. We show that ADE habitats have a unique pool of species, but that modern land use of ADEs decreases their populations, diversity, and contributions to soil functioning. These findings support the idea that humans created and sustained high-fertility ecosystems that persist today, altering biodiversity patterns in Amazonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilian C. Demetrio
- Department of Soil ScienceFederal University of ParanáCuritibaPRBrazil
- Present address:
INPE – National Institute for Space ResearchSão José dos CamposSP12227‐010Brazil
| | - Ana C. Conrado
- Biochemistry DepartmentFederal University of ParanáCuritibaPRBrazil
| | | | | | - Marie L. C. Bartz
- Centre for Functional EcologyDepartment of Life SciencesUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | | | | | - Lilianne S. Maia
- Department of Soil ScienceFederal University of ParanáCuritibaPRBrazil
| | | | | | - David W. G. Stanton
- Department of Bioinformatics and GeneticsSwedish Museum of Natural HistoryStockholmSweden
| | | | | | - Anne Zangerlé
- Ministère de l’Agriculture, de la Viticulture et de la Protection des consommateursLuxembourgLuxembourg
| | | | | | | | - Alessandra Santos
- Department of Soil ScienceFederal University of ParanáCuritibaPRBrazil
| | - Talita Ferreira
- Department of Soil ScienceFederal University of ParanáCuritibaPRBrazil
| | | | - Thibaud Decaëns
- CEFEUniv MontpellierCNRSEPHEIRDUniv Paul‐Valéry MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Herlon S. Nadolny
- Department of Soil ScienceFederal University of ParanáCuritibaPRBrazil
| | | | | | | | - André F. Mota
- Biochemistry DepartmentFederal University of ParanáCuritibaPRBrazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Eduardo G. Neves
- Museu de Arqueologia e EtnologiaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | | | | | - Pablo Vidal Torrado
- Soil Science DepartmentEscola Superior de Agricultura Luís de QueirozUniversidade de São PauloPiracicabaSPBrazil
| | - Doyle McKey
- CEFEUniv MontpellierCNRSEPHEIRDUniv Paul‐Valéry MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | | | | | | | | | - Vander F. Melo
- Department of Soil ScienceFederal University of ParanáCuritibaPRBrazil
| | - Jeferson Dieckow
- Department of Soil ScienceFederal University of ParanáCuritibaPRBrazil
| | | | - Leda S. Chubatsu
- Biochemistry DepartmentFederal University of ParanáCuritibaPRBrazil
| | | | - Peter Kille
- School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffCFUK
| | - George G. Brown
- Department of Soil ScienceFederal University of ParanáCuritibaPRBrazil
- Embrapa FlorestasColomboPRBrazil
| | - Luís Cunha
- Centre for Functional EcologyDepartment of Life SciencesUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- School of Applied SciencesUniversity of South WalesPontypriddCFUK
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Tiwari N, Lone AR, Thakur SS, James SW, Yadav S. Three uncharted endemic earthworm species of the genus Eutyphoeus (Oligochaeta: Octochaetidae) from Mizoram, India. Zootaxa 2021; 5005:41-61. [PMID: 34811281 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5005.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Integrative approach of taxonomy drives us to the discovery of three new species of the genus Eutyphoeus Michaelsen 1900, namely Eutyphoeus phawngpuiensis sp. nov., Eutyphoeus serei sp. nov. and Eutyphoeus tawi sp. nov. from protected forests of Mizoram, India. E. phawngpuiensis sp. nov. belongs to the Eutyphoeus hastatus group, and is characterized by holandric male organs, having spermathecal pores at a or ab, bidiverticulate spermathecae, and lack of genital marking glands. While, E. tawi sp. nov. has spermathecal pores at b or lateral to b, without lateral intestinal caeca. E. serei sp. nov. belongs to the Eutyphoeus gigas group, and is distinguished by having metandric male organs, lacking female pore of right side, and having spoon shaped tip of penial setae without ornamentation. Molecular characterization using coi gene marker also supports the findings. The maximum intraspecific distances and distance to the nearest neighbour of E. phawngpuiensis sp. nov., E. serei sp. nov. and E. tawi sp. nov. were recorded 3.5%, 9.37%; 2.35%, 14.83%; and 2.28%, 12.86% respectively. The key to Eutyphoeus species of India was also updated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Tiwari
- Department of Zoology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar470003, Madhya Pradesh, India .
| | - Azhar Rashid Lone
- Department of Zoology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar470003, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Samrendra Singh Thakur
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar470003, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Samuel W James
- Sustainable Living, Maharishi International University, Fairfield Iowa, United States.
| | - Shweta Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar470003, Madhya Pradesh, India .
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Chang CH, Bartz MLC, Brown G, Callaham MA, Cameron EK, Dávalos A, Dobson A, Görres JH, Herrick BM, Ikeda H, James SW, Johnston MR, McCay TS, McHugh D, Minamiya Y, Nouri-Aiin M, Novo M, Ortiz-Pachar J, Pinder RA, Ransom T, Richardson JB, Snyder BA, Szlavecz K. The second wave of earthworm invasions in North America: biology, environmental impacts, management and control of invasive jumping worms. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02598-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Aspe NM, Manasan RE, Manlavi AB, Patiluna MLE, Sebido MAB, Obusan MCM, Simbahan JF, James SW. The earthworm fauna of Palawan, Philippines with description of nineteen new pheretimoid species (Clitellata: Megascolecidae). J NAT HIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1923849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nonillon M. Aspe
- College of Science and Environment, Mindanao State University at Naawan, Naawan, Philippines
| | - Rafael Ethan Manasan
- College of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Western Philippines University-Puerto Princesa Campus, Puerto Princesa City, Philippines
| | - Albert B. Manlavi
- College of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Western Philippines University-Puerto Princesa Campus, Puerto Princesa City, Philippines
| | - Ma. Lotus E. Patiluna
- College of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Western Philippines University-Puerto Princesa Campus, Puerto Princesa City, Philippines
| | - Maria Asela B. Sebido
- College of Agriculture, Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Western Philippines University-Puerto Princesa Campus, Puerto Princesa City, Philippines
| | | | - Jessica F. Simbahan
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Samuel W. James
- Sustainable Living Department, Maharishi International University, Fairfield, IA, USA
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8
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Hong Y, James SW. Two new earthworms of the Pheretima sangirensis species group (Clitellata: Megascolecidae) from Mountain Province, Philippines. Zootaxa 2021; 4995:357-366. [PMID: 34810566 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4995.2.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Two new species of the genus Pheretima are described from Mt. Amuyao and Mt. Lamagan, Mountain Province, Philippines, namely Pheretima riparianensis sp. nov. and Pheretima bontocensis sp. nov. Both new species belong to the P. sangirensis species group characterized by having only one pair of spermathecal pores in 7/8. Pheretima riparianensis sp. nov. has distance between spermathecal pores 12 mm; copulatory bursae openings 0.11 circumference ventrally apart. Pheretima bontocensis sp. nov. has distance between spermathecal pores 1.4 mm; copulatory bursae openings 0.10 circumference ventrally apart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hong
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea. .
| | - Samuel W James
- Sustainable Living Department, Maharishi International University, Fairfield IA 52557 USA. .
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Hong Y, James SW. Three new earthworm species of Pheretima Kinberg, 1867 (Clitellata: Megascolecidae) from Mt. Tapulao, Luzon Island, Philippines. J NAT HIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1940336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hong
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Samuel W. James
- Sustainable Living Department, Maharishi International University, Fairfield, IA, USA
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10
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James SW, Csuzdi C, Chang CH, Aspe NM, Jiménez JJ, Feijoo A, Blouin M, Lavelle P. Comment on "Global distribution of earthworm diversity". Science 2021; 371:371/6525/eabe4629. [PMID: 33414190 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe4629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Phillips et al (Reports, 25 October 2019, p. 480) incorrectly conclude that tropical earthworm communities are less diverse and abundant than temperate communities. This result is an artifact generated by some low-quality datasets, lower sampling intensity in the tropics, different patterns in richness-area relationships, the occurrence of invasive species in managed soils, and a focus on local rather than regional richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W James
- Sustainable Living Department, Maharishi International University, Fairfield, IA 52557, USA.
| | - C Csuzdi
- Eszterházy Károly University, Eger, Hungary
| | - C-H Chang
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - N M Aspe
- College of Science and Environment, Mindanao State University at Naawan, 9023 Naawan, Misamis Oriental, Philippines
| | - J J Jiménez
- ARAID, Soil Ecology, IPE-CSIC, Jaca 22700 (Huesca), Spain
| | - A Feijoo
- School of Environmental Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Complejo la Julita, Pereira AA 097, Colombia
| | - M Blouin
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - P Lavelle
- Université Paris Sorbonne, IEES-Biodis, Paris, France.
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11
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Erséus C, Williams BW, Horn KM, Halanych KM, Santos SR, James SW, Creuzé des Châtelliers M, Anderson FE. Phylogenomic analyses reveal a Palaeozoic radiation and support a freshwater origin for clitellate annelids. ZOOL SCR 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christer Erséus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Göteborg Sweden
| | - Bronwyn W. Williams
- School of Biological Sciences Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL USA
- Research Laboratory North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences Raleigh NC USA
| | - Kevin M. Horn
- School of Biological Sciences Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL USA
- Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Kentucky Wesleyan College Owensboro Kentucky USA
| | - Kenneth M. Halanych
- Molette Biology Laboratory for Environmental and Climate Change Studies Department of Biological Sciences Auburn University Auburn AL USA
| | - Scott R. Santos
- Molette Biology Laboratory for Environmental and Climate Change Studies Department of Biological Sciences Auburn University Auburn AL USA
| | - Samuel W. James
- Sustainable Living Department Maharishi University of Management Fairfield IA USA
| | | | - Frank E. Anderson
- School of Biological Sciences Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL USA
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12
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Phillips AJ, Dornburg A, Zapfe KL, Anderson FE, James SW, Erséus C, Moriarty Lemmon E, Lemmon AR, Williams BW. Phylogenomic Analysis of a Putative Missing Link Sparks Reinterpretation of Leech Evolution. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 11:3082-3093. [PMID: 31214691 PMCID: PMC6598468 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leeches (Hirudinida) comprise a charismatic, yet often maligned group of worms. Despite their ecological, economic, and medical importance, a general consensus on the phylogenetic relationships of major hirudinidan lineages is lacking. This absence of a consistent, robust phylogeny of early-diverging lineages has hindered our understanding of the underlying processes that enabled evolutionary diversification of this clade. Here, we used an anchored hybrid enrichment-based phylogenomic approach, capturing hundreds of loci to investigate phylogenetic relationships among major hirudinidan lineages and their closest living relatives. We recovered Branchiobdellida as sister to a clade that includes all major lineages of hirudinidans and Acanthobdella, casting doubt on the utility of Acanthobdella as a “missing link” between hirudinidans and the clitellate group formerly known as Oligochaeta. Further, our results corroborate the reciprocal monophyly of jawed and proboscis-bearing leeches. Our phylogenomic resolution of early-diverging leeches provides a useful framework for illuminating the evolution of key adaptations and host–symbiont associations that have allowed leeches to colonize a wide diversity of habitats worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Phillips
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Alex Dornburg
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Research Laboratory, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Katerina L Zapfe
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Research Laboratory, Raleigh, North Carolina.,Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University
| | | | | | - Christer Erséus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Alan R Lemmon
- Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University
| | - Bronwyn W Williams
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Research Laboratory, Raleigh, North Carolina
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Phillips AJ, Dornburg A, Zapfe KL, Anderson FE, James SW, Erséus C, Moriarty Lemmon E, Lemmon AR, Williams BW. Editor’s Note: Phylogenomic Analysis of a Putative Missing Link Sparks Reinterpretation of Leech Evolution. Genome Biol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Phillips
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Alex Dornburg
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Research Laboratory, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Katerina L Zapfe
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Research Laboratory, Raleigh, North Carolina
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University
| | | | | | - Christer Erséus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Alan R Lemmon
- Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University
| | - Bronwyn W Williams
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Research Laboratory, Raleigh, North Carolina
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14
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Csuzdi C, Rota E, Szederjesi T, Sherlock E, Brown GG, Chang CH, Cosin DD, Fragoso C, Jamieson BGM, Hong Y, James SW, Paoletti MG, Pavlícek T, Plisko D, Pop VV, Shen HP. Description of a new Central African earthworm, Petroscolex centenarius gen. et sp. nov. (Crassiclitellata, Eudrilidae), celebrating the 100th birthday of Pietro Omodeo. Zootaxa 2019; 4674:zootaxa.4674.5.1. [PMID: 31715983 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4674.5.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Prof. Pietro Omodeo (University of Siena, Italy), the world-renowned earthworm taxonomist and evolutionary biologist, was born in Cefalù, Sicily, Italy on the 27th September, 1919. He celebrates his 100th birthday in 2019 and members of the international community of earthworm taxonomists salute him with Petroscolex centenarius gen. et sp. nov., a new megadrile taxon discovered in 1991 by him but which has not been formally described until now. The many important contributions of Omodeo to oligochaetological research are briefly mentioned.
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15
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Phillips AJ, Dornburg A, Zapfe KL, Anderson FE, James SW, Erséus C, Moriarty Lemmon E, Lemmon AR, Williams BW. Expression of concern: Phylogenomic Analysis of a Putative Missing Link Sparks Reinterpretation of Leech Evolution. Genome Biol Evol 2019; 11:1882. [PMID: 31271441 PMCID: PMC6610168 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Phillips
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Alex Dornburg
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Research Laboratory, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Katerina L Zapfe
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Research Laboratory, Raleigh, North Carolina.,Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University
| | | | | | - Christer Erséus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Alan R Lemmon
- Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University
| | - Bronwyn W Williams
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Research Laboratory, Raleigh, North Carolina
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16
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Stathopoulos NA, Savaidis SP, Simos H, Rigas E, Correia R, James SW, Tatam RP. Transmission line method for the simulation of fiber Bragg gratings. Appl Opt 2019; 58:353-360. [PMID: 30645313 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.000353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A new method for the analysis and design of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) based on the theory of transmission lines has been developed and verified both theoretically and experimentally. The method is an extension of the coupled-mode theory and utilizes the equivalent transmission lines in order to simulate any type of grating, with an easy and direct implementation. The method provides the ability to analyze the optical devices without using full wave approaches, while also facilitating the incorporation of core materials with a complex or non-linear refractive index, non-uniform distributions of the grating's refractive index, and tilted and phase-shifted gratings. The approach also allows the design of the grating for a given reflection spectra. Numerical results of the method's application on a randomly varied inscription of the refractive index of a FBG have also been simulated and discussed. Using this method, the characteristics of an erbium-doped (ED)-FBG have been simulated and the predictions verified experimentally.
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Sun J, James SW, Jiang J, Yao B, Zhang L, Liu M, Qiu J, Hu F. Corrigendum to "Phylogenetic evaluation of Amynthas earthworms from South China reveals the initial ancestral state of spermathecae" [ Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution Volume 115, October 2017, Pages 106-114]. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 130:435. [PMID: 30470524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210007, China
| | - Samuel W James
- Sustainable Living Department, Maharishi University of Management, Iowa City 52557, USA
| | - Jibao Jiang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Bo Yao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210007, China
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Manqiang Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210007, China
| | - Jiangping Qiu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Feng Hu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210007, China
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Bartz MLC, James SW, Steffen GPK, Antoniolli Z, Steffen RB, Brown GG. New species-group taxa of Glossoscolex (Clitellata: Glossoscolecidae) from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Zootaxa 2018; 4496:548-561. [PMID: 30313722 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Five new species-group taxa of Clitellata of the genus Glossoscolex from Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil are described in this paper: Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) riograndensis n. sp. has three subspecies, G. (G.) riograndensis riograndensis, G. (G.) riograndensis pollulus n. ssp., G. (G.) riograndensis nativus n. ssp. The two other new species are named G. (G.) pastivus n. sp., and G. (G.) pampas n. sp. All new species are part of the truncatus species group within the subgenus, characterized by the presence of male pores in segment xvii. A single unnamed specimen, also described here, is deemed to belong to a sixth new species-group taxon of the truncatus group. A tabular character comparison of the new taxa and known and morphologically similar species is given. Information on the habitat, such as vegetation cover and soil characteristics, is given as well. G. (G.) r. riograndensis and G. (G.) r. pollulus had an unusual storage of sperm in the nephridia. Histological sections were performed to verify it.
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Hong Y, Inkhavilay K, James SW. Nine new species of the "aeruginosus"-group in Amynthas (Clitellata: Megascolecidae) from Nam Et-Phouley National protected Area, Laos. Zootaxa 2018; 4496:238-250. [PMID: 30313699 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Nine new species of Amynthas (Clitellata: Megascolecidae) from Mt. Phouleoi, Lao PDR: Earthworm specimens were collected on the top of Mt. Phouleoi, Viengthong District, Houaphanh province, Lao PDR. The new species belonged to pheretimoid earthworms. They have spermathecal pores in 7/8 and 8/9, corresponding to the aeruginosus-group as characterized by Sims and Easton (1972). Their names are: Amynthas bouatongi sp. nov., Amynthas hoauykanangensis sp. nov., Amynthas phimpheti sp. nov., Amynthas nametensis sp. nov., Amynthas somechanae sp. nov., Amynthas wiggeri sp. nov., Amynthas fleischmani sp. nov., Amynthas antethecus sp. nov., and Amynthas elenabondae sp. nov. With the exception of A. nametensis sp. nov., all have the first dorsal pore in an unusually anterior location close to 5/6 and very large, often coiled, prostatic ducts. Several species have slight intraparietal invaginations of the primary male pores, but the similarity of other characters leads us to include them in Amynthas rather than in a polyphyletic Metaphire. Amynthas bouatongi sp. nov. has male pores 0.20-0.24 circumference apart on reniform male pads, pair genital papillae medial and lateral to male pores in XVIII. Amynthas hoauykanangensis sp. nov. has openings of copulatory pouches 0.19-0.25 circumference apart, and paired round genital papillae on postsetal XVII and presetal XIX in line with the male pores. Amynthas phimpheti sp. nov. has male pores 0.21-0.24 circumference apart, round thickened genital papillae paired on 17/18 and 18/19 in line with male pores. Amynthas nametensis sp. nov. has male pores superficial on thickened circular pads, 0.24-0.27 circumference apart. Amynthas somechanae sp. nov. has male pores 0.20-0.33 circumference apart, and paired equatorial papillae in XVIII. Amynthas wiggeri sp. nov. has male pores 0.22-0.30 circumference apart, paired genital papillae equatorial on XVIII medial to male pores and paired papillae equatorial in XVII and XIX. Amynthas fleischmani sp. nov. has openings of copulatory pouches 0.24 circumference apart, paired conical genital papillae equatorial on XVII and XIX; paired circular papillae in intersegmental furrows of 17/18 and 18/19. Amynthas antethecus sp. nov. has openings of copulatory pouches 0.31 circumference apart, paired circular papillae in intersegmental furrow of 17/18 and equatorial on XIX, slightly medial to secondary male pores. Amynthas elenabondae sp. nov. has openings of copulatory pouches 0.19 circumference apart, crescent, convex medially; primary male pore on tubercle on lateral wall of shallow parietal invagination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hong
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.
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20
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Demetrio WC, Santos A, Ferreira T, Nadolny H, Cardoso GBX, Torres JLM, Dudas R, De Oliveira V, Barreto JO, James SW, Da Silva E, Brown GG, Bartz MLC. Earthworm species in various land use systems in the Campos Gerais region of Lapa, Paraná, Brazil. Zootaxa 2018; 4496:503-516. [PMID: 30313719 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The Campos Gerais region of Paraná are on an ancient plateau of sandstone origin and are covered with a diverse vegetation including mainly grasslands and various types of Atlantic Forest (particularly Araucaria forest). The region represents an important natural capital for biodiversity conservation as well as for agricultural and forestry production. However, little is known of the species richness and diversity of soil macroinvertebrates in this region. In the present study we evaluated earthworm species occurrence and richness in five land use systems (LUS) in the southern part of the Campos Gerais in Lapa county. Earthworms were handsorted from up to 18 soil monoliths on five occasions over three years (Feb. 2014, Feb., Mar., Nov. 2015, Jul. 2016) in the following LUS: old native forest, native grassland, young regenerating forest and grass lawn in the Uru Reserve and annual crop fields (soybean) in neighboring private farms (not all systems were sampled on all occasions). Nine earthworm species belonging to four families and five genera were found, of which six were native and three exotic species (Dichogaster gracilis, Amynthas gracilis, A. corticis). Of the native species, Urobenus brasiliensis and Andiorrhinus duseni (a large bodied-worm) are already well known from S and SE Brazil, while the remaining four were new species that require further description (Fimoscolex n.sp.1 and n.sp.2, Glossoscolex n.sp.1 and n.sp.2). In general, more species were found in February (summer) than March and November. The cropping system (soybean) had the lowest abundance and species richness in relation to other sites, although in the young and old forests no earthworms were found on some sample dates. Given the several new species found in this small reserve, and the relatively few sites studied thus far in the Campos Gerais, further efforts are needed to adequately characterize the earthworm fauna of the region, from which many other species are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilian C Demetrio
- Federal University of Paraná, Brazil, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540 - Juvevê, CEP 80035-050, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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21
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Brown GG, da Silva E, Thomazini MJ, Niva CC, Decaëns T, Cunha LFN, Nadolny HS, Demetrio WC, Santos A, Ferreira T, Maia LS, Conrado AC, Segalla RF, Ferreira AC, Pasini A, Bartz MLC, Sautter KD, James SW, Baretta D, Antoniolli ZI, Iglesias Briones MJ, Sousa JP, Römbke J, Lavelle P. The role of soil fauna in soil health and delivery of ecosystem services. Managing soil health for sustainable agriculture Volume 1 2018. [DOI: 10.19103/as.2017.0033.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Feijoo AM, Brown GG, James SW. New species of <i>Andiorrhinus</i> Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 2017; 4363:55-78. [PMID: 29245409 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Findings pertinent to 11 earthworm species from Venezuela and Brazil are reported. Six of these species are described as new to science, one is re-described and relocated in the genus Andiorrhinus, and new sites of occurrence are reported for four other species. Eight species of oligochaetes were found in the Andes in the state of Mérida, Venezuela: Andiorrhinus (Turedrilus) duranti sp. nov., Andiorrhinus (Meridrilus) timotocuica sp. nov., Andiorrhinus (Meridrilus) torondoy sp. nov., Andiorrhinus (Meridrilus) sp. 1, Andiorrhinus (Quibario) tatuy sp. nov., Andiorrhinus (Meridrilus) kuika (Righi, 1993), Andiorrhinus (Meridrilus) mukuci (Righi, 1993), and Andiorrhinus (Meridrilus) rimeda (Righi & Araujo, 2000). Andiorrhinus (Meridrilus) sp. 1, represented by one specimen only, is possibly a new species. Three other species were collected in Brazil: Andiorrhinus (Amazonidrilus) karinae sp. nov. in the Cerrado bioregion of Mato Grosso state; Andiorrhinus (Amazonidrilus) rodriguezi sp. nov. in the Amazon region in compost, and Andiorrhinus (Amazonidrilus) duseni (Michaelsen, 1918) in the Atlantic Forest, in the states of São Paulo and Paraná, the last species characterized by broad geographical and land use occurrences. The new subgenus Quibario was distinguished by the presence of three pairs of hearts in segments 10, 11, and 12. Keys are also included to differentiate species of subgenera Amazonidrilus and Meridrilus. The implications of these results in the context of ecological interactions, and dispersion of Andiorrhinus species in South America are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Feijoo
- Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Vereda La Julita, A.A. 097, Pereira, Colombia..
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23
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Anderson FE, Williams BW, Horn KM, Erséus C, Halanych KM, Santos SR, James SW. Erratum to: Phylogenomic analyses of Crassiclitellata support major Northern and Southern hemisphere clades and a Pangaean origin for earthworms. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:204. [PMID: 28841842 PMCID: PMC5571655 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-1042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frank E Anderson
- Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
| | - Bronwyn W Williams
- Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.,North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Research Laboratory, Raleigh, Carolina, North, 27699, USA
| | - Kevin M Horn
- Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Christer Erséus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Göteborg, SE, Sweden
| | - Kenneth M Halanych
- Molette Biology Laboratory for Environmental and Climate Change Studies, Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Scott R Santos
- Molette Biology Laboratory for Environmental and Climate Change Studies, Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Samuel W James
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
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Conrado AC, Arruda H, Stanton DWG, James SW, Peter Kille, Brown G, Silva E, Dupont L, Taheri S, Morgan AJ, Simões N, Rodrigues A, Montiel R, Cunha L. The complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the pantropical earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus (Rhinodrilidae, Clitellata): Mitogenome characterization and phylogenetic positioning. Zookeys 2017:1-13. [PMID: 29118589 PMCID: PMC5672579 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.688.13721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pontoscolexcorethrurus (Müller, 1857) plays an important role in tropical soil ecosystems and has been widely used as an animal model for a large variety of ecological studies in particular due to its common presence and generally high abundance in human-disturbed tropical soils. In this study we describe the complete mitochondrial genome of the peregrine earthworm P.corethrurus. This is the first record of a mitochondrial genome within the Rhinodrilidae family. Its mitochondrial genome is 14 835 bp in length containing 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes (PCG) 2 rRNA genes and 22 tRNA genes). It has the same gene content and structure as in other sequenced earthworms but unusual among invertebrates it hasseveral overlapping open reading frames. All genes are encoded on the same strand. Most of the PCGs use ATG as the start codon except for ND3 which uses GTG as the start codon. The A+T content of the mitochondrial genome is 59.9% (31.8% A 28.1% T 14.6% G and 25.6% for C). The annotated genome sequence has been deposited in GenBank under the accession number KT988053.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Conrado
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Ciências do Solo, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Hugo Arruda
- CIRN/Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - David W G Stanton
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, UK CF10 3AX
| | - Samuel W James
- Maharishi University of Management, Sustainable Living Dept., Fairfield,IA, USA
| | - Peter Kille
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, UK CF10 3AX
| | - George Brown
- EMBRAPA-Florestas, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), Colombo, PR, Brazil
| | - Elodie Silva
- EMBRAPA-Florestas, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), Colombo, PR, Brazil
| | - Lise Dupont
- Université Paris Est Créteil, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Créteil, France
| | - Shabnam Taheri
- Université Paris Est Créteil, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Créteil, France
| | - Andrew J Morgan
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, UK CF10 3AX
| | - Nelson Simões
- CIRN/Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Armindo Rodrigues
- Centro de Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos Geológicos (CVARG), Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Rafael Montiel
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, México
| | - Luis Cunha
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, UK CF10 3AX.,EMBRAPA-Florestas, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), Colombo, PR, Brazil
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Anderson FE, Williams BW, Horn KM, Erséus C, Halanych KM, Santos SR, James SW. Phylogenomic analyses of Crassiclitellata support major Northern and Southern Hemisphere clades and a Pangaean origin for earthworms. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:123. [PMID: 28558722 PMCID: PMC5450073 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-0973-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Earthworms (Crassiclitellata) are a diverse group of annelids of substantial ecological and economic importance. Earthworms are primarily terrestrial infaunal animals, and as such are probably rather poor natural dispersers. Therefore, the near global distribution of earthworms reflects an old and likely complex evolutionary history. Despite a long-standing interest in Crassiclitellata, relationships among and within major clades remain unresolved. METHODS In this study, we evaluate crassiclitellate phylogenetic relationships using 38 new transcriptomes in combination with publicly available transcriptome data. Our data include representatives of nearly all extant earthworm families and a representative of Moniligastridae, another terrestrial annelid group thought to be closely related to Crassiclitellata. We use a series of differentially filtered data matrices and analyses to examine the effects of data partitioning, missing data, compositional and branch-length heterogeneity, and outgroup inclusion. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We recover a consistent, strongly supported ingroup topology irrespective of differences in methodology. The topology supports two major earthworm clades, each of which consists of a Northern Hemisphere subclade and a Southern Hemisphere subclade. Divergence time analysis results are concordant with the hypothesis that these north-south splits are the result of the breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea. CONCLUSIONS These results support several recently proposed revisions to the classical understanding of earthworm phylogeny, reveal two major clades that seem to reflect Pangaean distributions, and raise new questions about earthworm evolutionary relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank E Anderson
- Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
| | - Bronwyn W Williams
- Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Research Laboratory, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27699, USA
| | - Kevin M Horn
- Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Christer Erséus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Göteborg, SE, Sweden
| | - Kenneth M Halanych
- Molette Biology Laboratory for Environmental and Climate Change Studies, Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Scott R Santos
- Molette Biology Laboratory for Environmental and Climate Change Studies, Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Samuel W James
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
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Cervantes G, Fragoso C, Monteros AEDEL, Sánchez-Ramos G, Lara-Villalón M, Yañez-Pacheco MDEJ, Lázaro-Castellanos JO, James SW. New species of the earthworm genus <i>Zapatadrilus</i> (Clitellata, Acanthodrilidae) from northern Mexico. Zootaxa 2016; 4189:zootaxa.4189.2.7. [PMID: 27988736 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Three new species of the earthworm genus Zapatadrilus are described from Tamaulipas, Mexico: Zapatadrilus aurelius sp. nov., Zapatadrilus huastecus sp. nov., and Zapatadrilus montezumensis sp. nov. Delimitation of the new species was supported by morphological and molecular (genetic distances) evidence. Diagnostic characters of the three new species include: tubulo-racemose prostates in segments 18 and 20, penial setae absent, typhlosole present and intestine beginning in 17/18. Z. montezumensis sp. nov. is separated by its metandric condition, Z. aurelius sp. nov. by the last hearts in 13 and Z. huastecus sp. nov. by the shape of the spermathecae and patterns of genital markings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Cervantes
- Laboratorio de Invertebrados del Suelo. Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática. Instituto de Ecología A. C. Carretera Antigua a Coatepec No. 351. Col. El Haya. Xalapa, Veracruz. C.P. 91070 MEXICO.
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Callaham MA, Snyder BA, James SW, Oberg ET. Evidence for ongoing introduction of non-native earthworms in the Washington, DC metropolitan area. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1230-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hoek AC, Pearson D, James SW, Lawrence MA, Friel S. Shrinking the food-print: A qualitative study into consumer perceptions, experiences and attitudes towards healthy and environmentally friendly food behaviours. Appetite 2016; 108:117-131. [PMID: 27686818 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Internationally, there is increasing recognition of the importance of multilevel policies and actions that address healthy and environmentally friendly food behaviours. However it is not yet clear which actions are most suitable to support consumers to adopt both behaviours concurrently. To this end, we undertook a qualitative study to assess consumer perceptions, experiences and attitudes towards healthy and environmentally friendly foods and four target behaviours: reducing overconsumption of food beyond energy needs, reducing consumption of low-nutrient energy dense foods, eating less animal- and more plant-derived foods, and reducing food waste. Online in-depth interviews were held with 29 Australian food shoppers representing different levels of involvement with health and environment in daily food choices. The results indicate that compared to health, the relationship between food and the environment is rarely considered by consumers. The four target food behaviours were primarily associated and motivated by an impact on health, except for not wasting foods. Participants had the most positive attitude and highest motivation for eating less processed and packaged foods, mostly to avoid excessive packaging and 'chemicals' in foods. This was followed by the behaviours reducing food waste and overconsumption. Conversely, there was a predominantly negative attitude towards, and low motivation for, eating less animal-derived products and more plant based foods. Overall, consumers found a joined concept of healthy and environmentally friendly foods an acceptable idea. We recommend that health should remain the overarching principle for policies and actions concerned with shifting consumer behaviours, as this personal benefit appears to have a greater potential to support behaviour change. Future consumer focused work could pay attention to framing behavioural messages, providing intermediate behavioural goals, and a multiple target approach to change habitual behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Hoek
- University of Canberra, Australia.
| | | | - S W James
- Australian National University, School of Regulation and Global Governance (RegNet), Coombs Extension Building 8, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - M A Lawrence
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia.
| | - S Friel
- Australian National University, School of Regulation and Global Governance (RegNet), Coombs Extension Building 8, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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Bantaowong U, Chanabun R, James SW, Panha S. Seven new species of the earthworm genus Metaphire Sims & Easton, 1972 from Thailand (Clitellata: Megascolecidae). Zootaxa 2016; 4117:63-84. [PMID: 27395158 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4117.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Earthworm specimens collected from various parts of Thailand were found to contain seven new species of the genus Metaphire Sims & Easton, 1972. These are M. songkhlaensis sp. n. in the octothecal pulauensis species group, M. trangensis sp. n. in the octothecal ignobilis species group, M. khaoluangensis sp. n. and M. khaochamao sp. n. in the sexthecal houlleti species group, M. doiphamon sp. n. in the sexthecal peguana species group, M. saxicalcis sp. n. in the quadrithecal planata species group, and the bithecal M. surinensis sp. n. Type material of some established species from Thailand or northern Malaysia was reinvestigated and illustrated to confirm the status of the new species and to facilitate species comparisons: M. pulauensis (Beddard, 1900), M. baruana (Stephenson, 1932), both with newly designated lectotypes, and M. planata (Gates, 1936), illustrated and redescribed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ueangfa Bantaowong
- Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Ratmanee Chanabun
- Program in Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand;
| | - Samuel W James
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA 52242.;
| | - Somsak Panha
- Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; unknown
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Marques L, Hernandez FU, James SW, Morgan SP, Clark M, Tatam RP, Korposh S. Highly sensitive optical fibre long period grating biosensor anchored with silica core gold shell nanoparticles. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 75:222-31. [PMID: 26319165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An optical fibre long period grating (LPG), modified with a coating of silica core gold shell (SiO2:Au) nanoparticles (NPs) deposited using the layer-by-layer method, was employed for the development of a biosensor. The SiO2:Au NPs were electrostatically assembled onto the LPG with the aid of a poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) polycation layer. The LPG sensor operates at the phase matching turning point to provide the highest sensitivity. The SiO2:Au NPs were modified with biotin, which was used as a ligand for streptavidin (SV) detection. The sensing mechanism is based on the measurement of the refractive index change induced by the binding of the SV to the biotin. The effect on sensitivity of increasing the surface area by virtue of the SiO2:Au nanoparticles' diameter and film thickness was studied. The lowest measured concentration of SV was 2.5nM, achieved using an LPG modified with a 3 layer (PAH/SiO2:Au) thin film composed of SiO2 NPs of 300nm diameter with a binding constant of k=1.7(pM)(-1), sensitivity of 6.9nm/ng/mm(2) and limit of detection of 19pg/mm(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Marques
- Applied Optics Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - F U Hernandez
- Applied Optics Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - S W James
- Engineering Photonics, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - S P Morgan
- Applied Optics Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - M Clark
- Applied Optics Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - R P Tatam
- Engineering Photonics, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - S Korposh
- Applied Optics Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Engineering Photonics, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK.
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Aspe NM, James SW. NewPolypheretimaandPithemera(Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) species from the Mt. Malindang Range, Mindanao Island, Philippines. J NAT HIST 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1021875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Domínguez J, Aira M, Breinholt JW, Stojanovic M, James SW, Pérez-Losada M. Underground evolution: new roots for the old tree of lumbricid earthworms. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 83:7-19. [PMID: 25463017 PMCID: PMC4766815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Earthworms belonging to the family Lumbricidae are extremely abundant in terrestrial temperate regions. They affect soil properties and nutrient cycling, thus shaping plant community composition and aboveground food webs. Some lumbricids are also model organisms in ecology and toxicology. Despite the intense research efforts dedicated to lumbricids over the last 130years, the evolutionary relationships and taxonomic classification of these organisms are still subject to great debate. Resolution of their systematics is hampered by the structural simplicity of the earthworm body plan and the existence of cryptic species. We sampled 160 earthworm specimens belonging to 84 lumbricid species (28 genera) and 22 Lumbricoidea outgroups, sequenced two nuclear genes, four mitochondrial genes and seven mitochondrial tRNAs and examined 22 morphological characters. We then applied a combination of phylogenetic methods to generate the first robust genus-level phylogeny of the Lumbricidae. Our results show that the current Lumbricidae classification and the underlying hypotheses of character evolution must be revised. Our chronogram suggests that lumbricids emerged in the Lower Cretaceous in the holarctic region and that their diversification has been driven by tectonic processes (e.g. Laurasia split) and geographical isolation. Our chronogram and character reconstruction analysis reveal that spermathecae number does not follow a gradual pattern of reduction and that parthenogenesis arose from sexual relatives multiple times in the group; the same analysis also indicates that both epigeic and anecic earthworms evolved from endogeic ancestors. These findings emphasize the strong and multiple changes to which morphological and ecological characters are subjected, challenging the hypothesis of character stasis in Lumbricidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Domínguez
- Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310, Spain.
| | - Manuel Aira
- Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310, Spain
| | - Jesse W Breinholt
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Mirjana Stojanovic
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Samuel W James
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Marcos Pérez-Losada
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Computational Biology Institute, George Washington University, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA; Department of Invertebrate Zoology, US National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA
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Hong Y, James SW, Inkhavilay K. Three New Earthworms of the Genus Amynthas (Clitellata: Megascolecidae) from Nam Ha NPA, Laos. Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity 2014. [DOI: 10.5635/ased.2014.30.2.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Hong Y, James SW, Inkhavilay K. A new species of earthworm inAmynthas hexathecusspecies group (Clitellata: Megascolecidae) from the Nam Xam National Protected Area, Laos. J NAT HIST 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.809491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Earthworm specimens collected from Mt. Chiak, National Park, Korea were found to represent three new species of megascolecid earthworms: Amynthas chiakensis sp. nov., Amynthas gyeongriae sp. nov., and Amynthas wonjuensis sp. nov. Amynthas chiakensis sp. nov. has two pairs of spermathecae in VII and VIII, small transverse oval male porophores each with C-shaped small patches of genital papillae, 0.22-0.31 circumference apart. Amynthas gyeongriae sp. nov. has spermathecae in VI-VIII, male field with large circular-shaped raised pads and seminal grooves, with pores 0.16-0.28 circumference apart. Amynthas wonjuensis sp. nov. has spermathecae in VI and VII, male pores superficial in XVIII on small oval-shaped white porophores lateral to large roughly circular raised genital papillae, 0.15 circumference apart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hong
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea.
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Lang SA, Garcia MV, James SW, Sayers CW, Shain DH. Phylogeny and Clitellar Morphology of the Giant Amazonian Earthworm, Rhinodrilus priollii (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae). The American Midland Naturalist 2012. [DOI: 10.1674/0003-0031-167.2.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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James SW, Davidson SK. Molecular phylogeny of earthworms (Annelida:Crassiclitellata) based on 28S, 18S and 16S gene sequences. INVERTEBR SYST 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/is11012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Relationships among, and content of, earthworm families have been controversial and unstable. Here we analyse molecular data from 14 Crassiclitellata families represented by 54 genera, the non-crassiclitellate ‘earthworms’ of the Moniligastridae, plus several clitellate outgroups. Complete 28S and 18S gene sequences and a fragment of the 16S gene analysed separately or in concatenated Bayesian analyses indicate that most previously proposed suprafamilial taxa within the Crassiclitellata are para- or polyphyletic. There is strong support for the Metagynophora, which consists of the Crassiclitellata and Moniligastridae. The most basal within-Clitellata branch leads to the small families Komarekionidae, Sparganophilidae, Kynotidae, and Biwadrilidae, found in widely separated areas. A clade composed of Lumbricidae, Ailoscolecidae, Hormogastridae, Criodrilidae and Lutodrilidae appears near the base of the tree, but Criodrilidae and Biwadrilidae are not closely related because the former is sister to the Hormogastridae + Lumbricidae clade. The Glossoscolecidae is here separated into two families, the Glossoscolecidae s.s. and the Pontoscolecidae (fam. nov.). The Megascolecidae is monophyletic within a clade including all acanthodrilid earthworms. There is strong support for the Benhamiinae (Acanthodrilidae s.l.) as sister to Acanthodrilidae + Megascolecidae, but taxon sampling within other acanthodrilid groups was not sufficient to reach further conclusions. The resulting trees support revised interpretations of morphological character evolution.’
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Bantaowong U, Chanabun R, Tongkerd P, Sutcharit C, James SW, Panha S. New earthworm species of the genus Amynthas Kinberg, 1867 from Thailand (Clitellata, Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae). Zookeys 2011:35-62. [PMID: 21594106 PMCID: PMC3084491 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.90.1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new species of terrestrial earthworms from the zebrus-group in the genus Amynthas Kinberg, 1867, are described from Nan province, north Thailand: Amynthas phatubensissp. n., from Tham Pha Tub Arboretum, Amynthas tontongsp. n., from Tontong Waterfall, Amynthas borealissp. n., from Chaloemprakiat district, and Amynthas srinansp. n., from Srinan National Park.After comparing with the two closely related Laos species Amynthas chandyi Hong, 2008 and Amynthas namphouinensis Hong, 2008, the four new species show clear morphological differences, and also it is confirmed that there are no previous records of the species described here. Amynthas phatubensissp. n. is the largest (longest) sized of these earthworms and is the only species that lives in limestone habitats. The genital characters are different among them and also from the two Laotian species. Molecular systematics would be a good method for further analysis of the diversity and species boundaries in SE Asian Amynthas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ueangfa Bantaowong
- Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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James SW, Porco D, Decaëns T, Richard B, Rougerie R, Erséus C. DNA barcoding reveals cryptic diversity in Lumbricus terrestris L., 1758 (Clitellata): resurrection of L. herculeus (Savigny, 1826). PLoS One 2010; 5:e15629. [PMID: 21206917 PMCID: PMC3012069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The widely studied and invasive earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris L., 1758 has been the subject of nomenclatural debate for many years. However these disputes were not based on suspicions of heterogeneity, but rather on the descriptions and nomenclatural acts associated with the species name. Large numbers of DNA barcode sequences of the cytochrome oxidase I obtained for nominal L. terrestris and six congeneric species reveal that there are two distinct lineages within nominal L. terrestris. One of those lineages contains the Swedish population from which the name-bearing specimen of L. terrestris was obtained. The other contains the population from which the syntype series of Enterion herculeum Savigny, 1826 was collected. In both cases modern and old representatives yielded barcode sequences allowing us to clearly establish that these are two distinct species, as different from one another as any other pair of congeners in our data set. The two are morphologically indistinguishable, except by overlapping size-related characters. We have designated a new neotype for L. terrestris. The newly designated neotype and a syntype of L. herculeus yielded DNA adequate for sequencing part of the cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI). The sequence data make possible the objective determination of the identities of earthworms morphologically identical to L. terrestris and L. herculeus, regardless of body size and segment number. Past work on nominal L. terrestris could have been on either or both species, although L. herculeus has yet to be found outside of Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W James
- Biodiversity Institute, Kansas University, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America.
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Hong Y, James SW, Inkhavilay K. A New Species of the Genus Pithemera (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from Namat NBCA, Laos. Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity 2008. [DOI: 10.5635/kjsz.2008.24.2.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Abstract
The nimA and bimE genes of Aspergillus nidulans respectively encode a 79 kDa protein kinase that is a positive regulator of mitosis and a 229 kDa protein that is a negative regulator of mitosis. Either overproduction of nimA or inactivation of bimE can induce mitosis and override the checkpoint associated with incomplete DNA replication. Double mutants between temperature-sensitive nimA and bimE alleles undergo chromatin condensation and spindle polymerization at restrictive temperature, suggesting that the p79nimA kinase is not required for chromatin condensation and spindle polymerization when bimE function is defective. In contrast double mutants carrying ts bimE and nimEcyclinB mutations or bimE and nimTcdc25 mutations are blocked in interphase at restrictive temperature. These results indicate that the mitotic block caused by inactivation of bimE requires activation of the p34cdc2/MPF kinase for chromatin condensation and spindle polymerization to occur. Antibodies against bimE fusion proteins have been used to study p229bimE in wild-type cells and cells overexpressing the bimE gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert W. Johnson Medical School, Piscataway 08854
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James SW, Hong Y, Kim TH. New earthworms of Pheretima and Pithemera (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from Mt. Arayat, Luzon Island, Philippines. REV SUISSE ZOOL 2004. [DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.80221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Rees ND, James SW, Staines SE, Tatam RP, Ashwell GJ. Submicrometer fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer formed by use of the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. Opt Lett 2001; 26:1840-1842. [PMID: 18059711 DOI: 10.1364/ol.26.001840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of an optical cavity at the distal end of an optical fiber has been achieved by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition of tricosanoic acid. This technique allows nanometer-scale control over the cavity length to a total thickness of ~0.5 microm . The cavity has been shown to act interferometrically and, thus, has potential sensing applications.
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