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Treadway J, Greaves S. Plan S
and purpose: The future direction for
UK
learned societies. Learned Publishing 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/leap.1513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Jose KA, Sharman MJ, Stanesby O, Greaves S, Venn AJ, Blizzard L, Palmer A, Cooper K, Williams J, Cleland VJ. Incentivising public transport use for physical activity gain: process evaluation of the COVID-19 disrupted trips4health randomised controlled trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:157. [PMID: 36550500 PMCID: PMC9772596 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01394-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Partnering with a public transport (PT) provider, state government, and local government, the single-blinded randomised controlled trial, trips4health, investigated the impact of PT use incentives on transport-related physical activity (PA) in Tasmania, Australia. The intervention involved 16-weeks of incentives (bus trip credits) for achieving weekly PT use targets, supported by weekly text messages. This study objective was to conduct a process evaluation of the COVID-19 disrupted trips4health study. METHODS The Medical Research Council UK's framework for complex public health interventions guided the process evaluation. Participant reach, acceptability, fidelity and feasibility were evaluated. Administrative and post-intervention survey data were analysed descriptively. Semi-structured interviews with intervention participants (n = 7) and PT provider staff (n = 4) were analysed thematically. RESULTS Due to COVID-19, trips4health was placed on hold (March 2020) then stopped (May 2020) as social restrictions impacted PT use. At study cessation, 116 participants (approximately one third of target sample) had completed baseline measures, 110 were randomised, and 64 (n = 29 in the intervention group; n = 35 in the control group) completed post-intervention measures. Participants were 18 - 80 years (average 44.5 years) with females (69%) and those with tertiary education (55%) over-represented. The intervention was delivered with high fidelity with 96% of bus trip credits and 99% of behavioural text messages sent as intended. Interviewed PT staff said implementation was highly feasible. Intervention participant acceptability was high with 90% reporting bus trip incentives were helpful and 59% reporting the incentives motivated them to use PT more. From a total of 666 possible bus trip targets, 56% were met with 38% of intervention participants agreeing and 41% disagreeing that 'Meeting the bus trip targets was easy'. Interviews and open-ended survey responses from intervention participants revealed incentives motivated bus use but social (e.g., household member commitments) and systemic (e.g., bus availability) factors made meeting bus trip targets challenging. CONCLUSIONS trips4health demonstrated good acceptability and strong fidelity and feasibility. Future intervention studies incentivising PT use will need to ensure a broader demographic is reached and include more supports to meet PT targets. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12619001136190 .
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Affiliation(s)
- K. A. Jose
- grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania Australia
| | - M. J. Sharman
- grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania Australia
| | - O. Stanesby
- grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania Australia
| | - S. Greaves
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XInstitute of Transport and Logistic Studies, The University of Sydney, Butlin Avenue, Darlington, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - A. J. Venn
- grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania Australia
| | - L. Blizzard
- grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania Australia
| | - A. Palmer
- grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania Australia
| | - K. Cooper
- Metro Tasmania, 212 Main Road, Moonah, Hobart, Tasmania 7009 Australia
| | - J. Williams
- Public Health Services, Department of Health, Tasmanian Government, 2/25 Argyle Street, Hobart, 7001 Australia
| | - V. J. Cleland
- grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania Australia
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McEwan K, Potter V, Kotera Y, Jackson JE, Greaves S. 'This Is What the Colour Green Smells Like!': Urban Forest Bathing Improved Adolescent Nature Connection and Wellbeing. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:15594. [PMID: 36497670 PMCID: PMC9741002 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that an early connection with nature can benefit wellbeing into adulthood. However, there is less research assessing whether adolescents benefit from formal nature connection interventions such as forest bathing (slow mindful nature walks). This research aimed to assess whether an urban nature connection intervention (called ParkBathe) could improve adolescents' nature connection and wellbeing. METHOD In an experimental repeated measures design, 44 adolescents sampled opportunistically from Scouts groups, completed surveys and interviews before and after experiencing an urban nature connection intervention. RESULTS Paired-samples t-tests between baseline and post-intervention survey scores revealed statistically significant improvements in anxiety (13% reduction); rumination (44% reduction); scepticism (17% reduction); nature connection (25% increase); and social connection (12% increase). The largest effect size was found for nature connection. Interviews revealed that before the session, participants had a mixed understanding and expectations of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS After the session, the participants expressed enjoying the social aspects of being part of a group and being present in the moment by noticing nature. They expressed the effects of this as immediately calming and relaxing. Urban forest bathing improved nature connection and wellbeing in adolescents and could be implemented and/or signposted by schools and youth charities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten McEwan
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Kedleston Road, Derby DE22 1GB, UK
| | | | - Yasuhiro Kotera
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2HA, UK
| | - Jessica Eve Jackson
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Kedleston Road, Derby DE22 1GB, UK
| | - Sarah Greaves
- Support and Wellbeing Service (Student and Campus Life), University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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Blake H, Somerset S, Greaves S. The Pain at Work Toolkit for Employees with Chronic or Persistent Pain: A Collaborative-Participatory Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 10:healthcare10010056. [PMID: 35052220 PMCID: PMC8775489 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-management tools for people with chronic or persistent pain tend to focus on symptom reporting, treatment programmes or exercise and do not address barriers to work, facilitators of work ability, or workplace pain self-management strategies. We developed the Pain at Work (PAW) toolkit, an evidence-based digital toolkit to provide advice on how employees can self-manage their pain at work. In a collaborative-participatory design, 4-step Agile methodology (N = 452) was used to co-create the toolkit with healthcare professionals, employers and people with chronic or persistent pain. Step 1: stakeholder consultation event (n = 27) established content and format; Step 2: online survey with employees who have persistent pain (n = 274) showed employees fear disclosing their condition, and commonly report discrimination and lack of line manager support. Step 3: online employer survey (n = 107) showed employers rarely provide self-management materials or education around managing pain at work, occupational health recommendations for reasonable adjustments are not always actioned, and pain-related stigma is common. Step 4: Toolkit development integrated findings and recommendations from Steps 1–3, and iterative expert peer review was conducted (n = 40). The PAW toolkit provides (a) evidence-based guidelines and signposting around work-capacity advice and support; (b) self-management strategies around working with chronic or persistent pain, (c) promotion of healthy lifestyles, and quality of life at work; (d) advice on adjustments to working environments and workplace solutions to facilitate work participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Blake
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HA, UK; (S.S.); (S.G.)
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Sarah Somerset
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HA, UK; (S.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Sarah Greaves
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HA, UK; (S.S.); (S.G.)
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Hurst P, Greaves S. COVID-19 Rapid Review cross-publisher initiative: What we have learned and what we are going to do next. Learn Publ 2021; 34:450-453. [PMID: 34230774 PMCID: PMC8251263 DOI: 10.1002/leap.1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The global crisis sparked collaboration between publishers and service providers to successfully address an immediate problem and demonstrated the possibility for future partnerships. Encouraging experts to join a reviewer pool and quickly review the preprint and journal submissions, we were able to publish COVID‐19 research more quickly. The initiative confirmed little author uptake of inter‐publisher journal transfer option. The collaboration showed wide consensus on open science practices which will ensure faster and more reliable research findings.
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Marsay KS, Greaves S, Mahabaleshwar H, Ho CM, Roehl H, Monk PN, Carney TJ, Partridge LJ. Tetraspanin Cd9b and Cxcl12a/Cxcr4b have a synergistic effect on the control of collective cell migration. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260372. [PMID: 34847198 PMCID: PMC8631670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Collective cell migration is essential for embryonic development and homeostatic processes. During zebrafish development, the posterior lateral line primordium (pLLP) navigates along the embryo flank by collective cell migration. The chemokine receptors, Cxcr4b and Cxcr7b, as well as their cognate ligand, Cxcl12a, are essential for this process. We corroborate that knockdown of the zebrafish cd9 tetraspanin orthologue, cd9b, results in mild pLL abnormalities. Through generation of CRISPR and TALEN mutants, we show that cd9a and cd9b function partially redundantly in pLLP migration, which is delayed in the cd9b single and cd9a; cd9b double mutants. This delay led to a transient reduction in neuromast numbers. Loss of both Cd9a and Cd9b sensitized embryos to reduced Cxcr4b and Cxcl12a levels. Together these results provide evidence that Cd9 modulates collective cell migration of the pLLP during zebrafish development. One interpretation of these observations is that Cd9 contributes to more effective chemokine signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S. Marsay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sarah Greaves
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Harsha Mahabaleshwar
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Building, Yunnan Garden Campus, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charmaine Min Ho
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Building, Yunnan Garden Campus, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Henry Roehl
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Peter N. Monk
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Tom J. Carney
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Building, Yunnan Garden Campus, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lynda J. Partridge
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Sharman MJ, Ball K, Greaves S, Jose KA, Morse M, Blizzard CL, Wells G, Venn AJ, Palmer AJ, Lester D, Williams J, Harpur S, Cleland VJ. trips4health: Protocol of a single-blinded randomised controlled trial incentivising adults to use public transport for physical activity gain. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2020; 19:100619. [PMID: 32775761 PMCID: PMC7394862 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2020.100619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Public transport (PT) users typically accumulate more physical activity (PA) than private motor vehicle users yet redressing physical inactivity through transport-related PA (TRPA) interventions has received limited attention. Further, incentive-based strategies can increase leisure-time PA but their impact on TRPA, is unclear. This study's objective is to determine the impact of an incentive-based strategy on TRPA in a regional Australian setting. Methods trips4health is a single-blinded randomised controlled trial with a four-month intervention phase and subsequent six-month maintenance phase. Participants will be randomised to: an incentives-based intervention (bus trip credit for reaching bus trip targets, weekly text messages to support greater bus use, written PA guidelines); or an active control (written PA guidelines only). Three hundred and fifty adults (≥18 years) from southern Tasmania will be recruited through convenience methods, provide informed consent and baseline information, then be randomised. The primary outcome is change in accelerometer measured average daily step count at baseline and four- and ten-months later. Secondary outcomes are changes in: measured and self-reported travel behaviour (e.g. PT use), PA, sedentary behaviour; self-reported and measured (blood pressure, waist circumference, height, weight) health; travel behaviour perspectives (e.g. enablers/barriers); quality of life; and transport-related costs. Linear mixed model regression will determine group differences. Participant and PT provider level process evaluations will be conducted and intervention costs to the provider determined. Discussion trips4health will determine the effectiveness of an incentive-based strategy to increase TRPA by targeting PT use. The findings will enable evidence-informed decisions about the worthwhileness of such strategies. Trial registration ACTRN12619001136190. Universal trial number U1111-1233-8050.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Sharman
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - K Ball
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Greaves
- Institute of Transport and Logistic Studies, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - K A Jose
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - M Morse
- Metro Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - C L Blizzard
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - G Wells
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - A J Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - A J Palmer
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - D Lester
- Local Government Association of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - J Williams
- Department of Health, Tasmanian Government, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - S Harpur
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - V J Cleland
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Evans C, Pearce R, Greaves S, Blake H. Advanced Clinical Practitioners in Primary Care in the UK: A Qualitative Study of Workforce Transformation. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17124500. [PMID: 32585866 PMCID: PMC7344450 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Escalating costs and changing population demographics are putting pressure on primary care systems to meet ever more complex healthcare needs. Non-medical ‘advanced clinical practitioner’ (ACP) roles are increasingly being introduced to support service transformation. This paper reports the findings of a qualitative evaluation of nursing ACP roles across General Practices in one region of the UK. Data collection involved telephone interviews with 26 participants from 3 different stakeholder groups based in 9 practice sites: ACPs (n = 9), general practitioners (n = 8) and practice managers (n = 9). The data was analysed thematically. The study found a high degree of acceptance of the ACP role and affirmation of the important contribution of ACPs to patient care. However, significant variations in ACP education, skills and experience led to a bespoke approach to their deployment, impeding system-wide innovation and creating challenges for recruitment and ongoing professional development. In addition, a context of high workforce pressures and high service demand were causing stress and there was a need for greater mentorship and workplace support. System wide changes to ACP education and support are required to enable ACPs to realise their full potential in primary care in the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrin Evans
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HA, UK; (R.P.); (S.G.); (H.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ruth Pearce
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HA, UK; (R.P.); (S.G.); (H.B.)
| | - Sarah Greaves
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HA, UK; (R.P.); (S.G.); (H.B.)
| | - Holly Blake
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HA, UK; (R.P.); (S.G.); (H.B.)
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2HA, UK
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Garrud P, Hughes G, Greaves S, McCracken S, Doyle J. "I'm a Medic" - a web-based, social capital approach to health careers. MedEdPublish (2016) 2018; 7:280. [PMID: 38415014 PMCID: PMC10898451 DOI: 10.15694/mep.2018.0000280.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Widening access to medicine in U.K. requires outreach that engages schools in remote areas, schools with below average attainment, and schools serving disadvantaged communities in order to develop a more representative profession and meet serious workforce shortages. The approach reported here embodies ideas about how to develop social and educational capital by facilitating live web chats between school children (13-17 years) and teams of health practitioners. "I'm a Medic" comprised three 2-week events over a 10-month period with circa 900 school students and 22 health professionals from general (family) practices participating. A high proportion (78%) of the students was actively engaged in live chats, asking questions, and voting for the most valuable health practitioner. Questions covered education and training, the nature of the practitioners' work, political and ethical aspects of healthcare, and a variety of scientific and personal aspects. Evaluation showed a positive increase in career interest and aspiration for science, healthcare and medicine. Teachers would all recommend "I'm a Medic" to colleagues and all bar one would take part again. They reported it was effective in engaging students, improving their confidence in asking questions, and their awareness of general practice and the NHS. Practitioners reported improvements in their understanding of how school students view healthcare professions, their interest in public engagement, and their confidence in communicating their work. Logistic challenges included conflict between scheduled web chats in normal school time and practitioners' clinical commitments. Nevertheless, the project demonstrated effective engagement across geographic and social/educational barriers, and can provide a valuable mode of outreach, particularly about careers in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Garrud
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine
| | - Gwen Hughes
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine
| | - Sarah Greaves
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine
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Shahbaz A, Qiang J, Marinas J, Kim W, Greaves S, Yeung J. Efficacies of biological therapies at week 12 in patients with plaque psoriasis in real-world academic clinical practice: a Canadian multicentre retrospective study. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:297-298. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Shahbaz
- School of Medicine; University of Ottawa; Ottawa ON Canada
| | - J. Qiang
- School of Medicine; University of Ottawa; Ottawa ON Canada
| | - J.E.C. Marinas
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - W.B. Kim
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - S. Greaves
- Department of Statistical Sciences; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - J. Yeung
- Division of Dermatology; Department of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto ON Canada
- Women's College Hospital; Toronto ON Canada
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Wilson JL, Wareham LK, McLean S, Begg R, Greaves S, Mann BE, Sanguinetti G, Poole RK. CO-Releasing Molecules Have Nonheme Targets in Bacteria: Transcriptomic, Mathematical Modeling and Biochemical Analyses of CORM-3 [Ru(CO)3Cl(glycinate)] Actions on a Heme-Deficient Mutant of Escherichia coli. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:148-62. [PMID: 25811604 PMCID: PMC4492677 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs) are being developed with the ultimate goal of safely utilizing the therapeutic potential of CO clinically, including applications in antimicrobial therapy. Hemes are generally considered the prime targets of CO and CORMs, so we tested this hypothesis using heme-deficient bacteria, applying cellular, transcriptomic, and biochemical tools. RESULTS CORM-3 [Ru(CO)3Cl(glycinate)] readily penetrated Escherichia coli hemA bacteria and was inhibitory to these and Lactococcus lactis, even though they lack all detectable hemes. Transcriptomic analyses, coupled with mathematical modeling of transcription factor activities, revealed that the response to CORM-3 in hemA bacteria is multifaceted but characterized by markedly elevated expression of iron acquisition and utilization mechanisms, global stress responses, and zinc management processes. Cell membranes are disturbed by CORM-3. INNOVATION This work has demonstrated for the first time that CORM-3 (and to a lesser extent its inactivated counterpart) has multiple cellular targets other than hemes. A full understanding of the actions of CORMs is vital to understand their toxic effects. CONCLUSION This work has furthered our understanding of the key targets of CORM-3 in bacteria and raises the possibility that the widely reported antimicrobial effects cannot be attributed to classical biochemical targets of CO. This is a vital step in exploiting the potential, already demonstrated, for using optimized CORMs in antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne Louise Wilson
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield , Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren K Wareham
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield , Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha McLean
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield , Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ronald Begg
- 2 School of Informatics, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Greaves
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield , Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Brian E Mann
- 3 Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield , Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Guido Sanguinetti
- 2 School of Informatics, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Robert K Poole
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield , Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Greaves S. Accidental topical exposure to an anticholinergic mimicking an intracranial drug. Case Reports 2011; 2011:2011/feb15_1/bcr0820103295. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr.08.2010.3295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ratnayake M, Garg R, Greaves S, Gerber I, Webster M. Alcohol Septal Ablation for Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy: The Auckland Experience. Heart Lung Circ 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2009.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hart E, Greaves S. Thoracic Interventional Radiology. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1009419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ahmed J, Ruygrok P, Wilson N, Webster M, Greaves S, Gerber I. Percutaneous Closure of Post Myocardial Infarction Ventricular Septal Defects. Heart Lung Circ 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2007.06.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Greaves S. Flexible X. Nat Rev Genet 2004. [DOI: 10.1038/nrg1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Greaves S. Clocks and cycles: unveiling the link. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2003. [DOI: 10.1038/nrm1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Greaves S. Short tales of depression. Nat Rev Genet 2003. [DOI: 10.1038/nrg1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Greaves S. Ready and Abl. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2003. [DOI: 10.1038/nrm1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Greaves S, Wang C. A fertile field. Nat Cell Biol 2002. [DOI: 10.1038/ncb-nm-fertilitys2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Pseudogout is an acute presentation of one type of crystal deposition disease in which calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals are found in the joint spaces of synovial joints. In this case, a 56-year-old caucasian male presented with right sided preauricular swelling, temporomandibular joint arthralgia and restricted mouth opening; he developed identical symptoms on the left side two days later.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Greaves
- SHO, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Torbay Hospital, Torquay.
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Greaves S. Reach for the stars. Nat Cell Biol 2002; 4:E12. [PMID: 11780136 DOI: 10.1038/ncb0102-e12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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White M, Rouleau JL, Hall C, Arnold M, Harel F, Sirois P, Greaves S, Solomon S, Ajani U, Glynn R, Hennekens C, Pfeffer M. Changes in vasoconstrictive hormones, natriuretic peptides, and left ventricular remodeling soon after anterior myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 2001; 142:1056-64. [PMID: 11717612 DOI: 10.1067/mhj.2001.119612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to study the changes in vasoconstrictive neurohormones, N-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide (Nt-proANP), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and their relationship with left ventricular (LV) remodeling soon after anterior myocardial infarction (MI). BACKGROUND The Healing and Afterload Reducing Therapy (HEART) trial has shown that early use of ramipril improves left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and attenuates LV remodeling when initiated soon after MI. This neurohumoral substudy of HEART investigates the changes in vasoconstrictive and natriuretic peptides and their relationship with LV remodeling. METHODS One hundred twenty-two patients had blood drawn for the measurement of catecholamines, endothelin-I, angiotensin II, Nt-proANP and BNP, and prostacyclins within 24 hours of an MI, and at 3, 14, and 90 days after the MI. Quantitative echocardiograms were performed at baseline and at 14 days. RESULTS All neurohormones except angiotensin II (P =.12) and prostaglandins were significantly elevated at baseline. Vasoconstrictive neurohormones decreased significantly over time but remained elevated at 14 days. Both Nt-proANP and BNP were elevated within the first 14 days. BNP decreased significantly by 90 days, whereas Nt-proANP exhibited no change between 14 and 90 days. Ramipril decreased plasma levels of angiotensin II at 3 days but had no effect on the other neurohormones. CONCLUSIONS Neurohumoral activation occurs and persists in patients with anterior MI and overall preserved LV function. Ramipril had only a modest impact on neurohormones despite its significant benefits on LV remodeling soon after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M White
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H1T 1C8.
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Greaves S. Neighbourhood watch. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2001; 2:868-9. [PMID: 11733754 DOI: 10.1038/35103018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Greaves S. Going round in circles. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2001. [DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2018.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Greaves S. Making the cap fit. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2001. [DOI: 10.1038/35096003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Greaves S. Moving on up and down. Nat Cell Biol 2001; 3:E228. [PMID: 11584282 DOI: 10.1038/ncb1001-e228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Greaves S. All for one and one for all. Nat Cell Biol 2001; 3:E184. [PMID: 11483975 DOI: 10.1038/35087123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Greaves S. Antagonizing fat head. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2001. [DOI: 10.1038/35080021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Greaves S. Converging on extension. Nat Cell Biol 2001; 3:E160. [PMID: 11433310 DOI: 10.1038/35083113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Greaves S. UK bans human cloning. Nat Biotechnol 2001. [DOI: 10.1038/89197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Greaves S. Functional genomics touches base. Nat Cell Biol 2001. [DOI: 10.1038/35070140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Solomon SD, Glynn RJ, Greaves S, Ajani U, Rouleau JL, Menapace F, Arnold JM, Hennekens C, Pfeffer MA. Recovery of ventricular function after myocardial infarction in the reperfusion era: the healing and early afterload reducing therapy study. Ann Intern Med 2001; 134:451-8. [PMID: 11255520 DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-134-6-200103200-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with reduced left ventricular function and ventricular enlargement after myocardial infarction are at significantly greater risk for congestive heart failure and death. Nevertheless, recovery of ventricular function occurs in a significant proportion of patients after myocardial infarction, and modern reperfusion strategies have been associated with increased recovery of function. OBJECTIVE To determine the extent and predictors of recovery of ventricular function after anterior Q-wave myocardial infarction in the reperfusion era. DESIGN Subgroup analysis of the Healing and Early Afterload Reducing Therapy study. SETTING 35 medical centers in the United States and Canada. PATIENTS 352 patients with Q-wave anterior myocardial infarction. INTERVENTION Placebo for 14 days, followed by full-dose (10 mg) ramipril until day 90; low-dose (0.625 mg) ramipril for 90 days; or full-dose ramipril for 90 days. All patients underwent reperfusion therapy. MEASUREMENTS Echocardiography was performed on day 1 (before randomization), day 14, and day 90 after myocardial infarction. Left ventricular volume and ejection fraction were measured and wall-motion analyses were performed at all three time points in 249 patients and at baseline in an additional 12 patients who died during follow-up. Echocardiographic and nonechocardiographic predictors of ventricular recovery were examined. RESULTS By day 90, 55 of 252 (22%) patients who had abnormal ejection fraction and wall-motion abnormalities on day 1 demonstrated complete recovery of function (ejection fraction in the normal range and infarct segment length of 0%), and an additional 36% (91 of 252 patients) demonstrated partial recovery of function. At 90 days, 53% (132 of 249) of patients had greater than 5% improvement in ejection fraction, whereas only 16% (39 of 249) had a decrease in ejection fraction of more than 5%. The majority of functional improvement occurred by day 14 after infarction. Of various clinical and echocardiographic measures obtained on day 1, peak creatine kinase level was the strongest independent predictor of subsequent recovery of ventricular function in multivariate analysis. Each 100-unit increase in peak creatine kinase was associated with a 4.3% decreased odds of recovery (P < 0.001) after adjustment for ejection fraction on day 1, extent of akinesis or dyskinesis, treatment regimen, Killip class, age, and sex. CONCLUSION Significant myocardial stunning with subsequent improvement of ventricular function occurred in the majority of patients after Q-wave anterior myocardial infarction. A lower peak level of creatine kinase, an estimate of the extent of necrosis, is independently predictive of recovery of function. Early functional assessment (day 1 after acute myocardial infarction) had limited ability to predict recovery of ventricular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Solomon
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Greaves S. Migration on the borderline. Nat Cell Biol 2001; 3:E45. [PMID: 11175759 DOI: 10.1038/35055149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Drosophila Armadillo is a multifunctional protein implicated in both cell adhesion, as a catenin, and cell signaling, as part of the Wingless signal transduction pathway. We have generated viable fly stocks with alterations in the level of Armadillo available for signaling. Flies from one stock overexpress Armadillo and, as a result, have increased vein material and bristles in the wings. Flies from the other stock have reduced cytoplasmic Armadillo following overexpression of the intracellular domain of DE-cadherin. These flies display a wing-notching phenotype typical of wingless mutations. Both misexpression phenotypes can be dominantly modified by removing one copy of genes known to encode members of the wingless pathway. Here we describe the identification of further mutations that dominantly modify the Armadillo misexpression phenotypes. These mutations are in genes encoding three different functions: establishment and maintenance of adherens junctions, cell cycle control, and Egfr signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Greaves
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 2QH, United Kingdom
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Solomon SD, Aikawa Y, Martini MS, Rosario L, Makker G, Gerson D, Greaves S, Lee RT. Assessment of regional left ventricular wall stress after myocardial infarction by echocardiography-based structural analysis. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1998; 11:938-47. [PMID: 9804098 DOI: 10.1016/s0894-7317(98)70135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine the distribution of regional left ventricular (LV) wall stress after myocardial infarction (MI). BACKGROUND After a large MI, structural changes occur in the heart that ultimately may lead to alterations in LV size and shape, a process generally referred to as ventricular remodeling. Regional variation in myocardial wall stress may be responsible for initiation of physiologic and cellular changes that result in myocardial hypertrophy, dilatation, and remodeling after MI. Simplified geometric analytic methods of estimating global LV wall stress cannot determine regional variation such as that occurring after MI. METHODS AND RESULTS To assess regional LV wall stress after MI, we applied the finite element method to patient-specific end-systolic LV models generated from echocardiographic imaging. After validation by comparison with analytic solutions of LV wall stress in idealized ventricles, LV models were constructed from rotated orthogonal apical images from 13 normal volunteers, 16 patients with recent (<4 days) anterior MI, and 7 patients with recent infero-posterior MI. The mean Von Mises stress was calculated for the entire LV and for 5 separate regions of the LV. Von Mises LV wall stress was increased globally in patients with anterior MI (211 +/- 46 kdyne/cm2; P < .002) or infero-posterior MI (175 +/- 23 kdyne/cm2; P = .04) compared with normal patients (144 +/- 57 kdyne/cm2). Global wall stress correlated directly with ejection fraction (P < .0001) and inversely with wall motion index (P < .004) in patients with anterior MI. Wall stress in the apical regions was increased by a factor of 2.3 in patients with anterior MI (P < .0001), whereas other regions did not differ from normal patients. There were no individual regions that were significantly different from normal in patients with infero-posterior MI. CONCLUSIONS Anterior MI is associated with an increase in apical end-systolic wall stress compared with normal and infero-posterior MI. This may be an important stimulus for LV remodeling after anterior MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Solomon
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass 02115, USA
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