1
|
Wu C, Wagner ND, Moyle AB, Feng A, Sharma N, Stubbs SH, Donahue C, Davey RA, Gross ML, Leung DW, Amarasinghe GK. Disruption of Ebola NP 0VP35 Inclusion Body-like Structures reduce Viral Infection. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168241. [PMID: 37598728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Viral inclusion bodies (IBs) are potential sites of viral replication and assembly. How viral IBs form remains poorly defined. Here we describe a combined biophysical and cellular approach to identify the components necessary for IB formation during Ebola virus (EBOV) infection. We find that the eNP0VP35 complex containing Ebola nucleoprotein (eNP) and viral protein 35 (eVP35), the functional equivalents of nucleoprotein (N) and phosphoprotein (P) in non-segmented negative strand viruses (NNSVs), phase separates to form inclusion bodies. Phase separation of eNP0VP35 is reversible and modulated by ionic strength. The multivalency of eVP35, and not eNP, is also critical for phase separation. Furthermore, overexpression of an eVP35 peptide disrupts eNP0VP35 complex formation, leading to reduced frequency of IB formation and limited viral infection. Together, our results show that upon EBOV infection, the eNP0VP35 complex forms the minimum unit to drive IB formation and viral replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Nicole D Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Austin B Moyle
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Annie Feng
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nitin Sharma
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah H Stubbs
- Department of Microbiology, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Callie Donahue
- Department of Microbiology, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert A Davey
- Department of Microbiology, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael L Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daisy W Leung
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Gaya K Amarasinghe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu C, Wagner N, Moyle AB, Feng A, Sharma N, Stubbs SH, Donahue C, Davey R, Gross ML, Leung DW, Amarasinghe GK. The Ebola NP0VP35 Complex Phase Separates into Inclusion Body-Like Structures. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:941. [PMID: 37613387 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nicole Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Austin B Moyle
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Annie Feng
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nitin Sharma
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah H Stubbs
- Department of Microbiology, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Callie Donahue
- Department of Microbiology, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Davey
- Department of Microbiology, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael L Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daisy W Leung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gaya K Amarasinghe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Patten J, Keiser PT, Morselli-Gysi D, Menichetti G, Mori H, Donahue CJ, Gan X, Valle ID, Geoghegan-Barek K, Anantpadma M, Boytz R, Berrigan JL, Stubbs SH, Ayazika T, O’Leary C, Jalloh S, Wagner F, Ayehunie S, Elledge SJ, Anderson D, Loscalzo J, Zitnik M, Gummuluru S, Namchuk MN, Barabási AL, Davey RA. Identification of potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 infection by combined pharmacological evaluation and cellular network prioritization. iScience 2022; 25:104925. [PMID: 35992305 PMCID: PMC9374494 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacologically active compounds with known biological targets were evaluated for inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cell and tissue models to help identify potent classes of active small molecules and to better understand host-virus interactions. We evaluated 6,710 clinical and preclinical compounds targeting 2,183 host proteins by immunocytofluorescence-based screening to identify SARS-CoV-2 infection inhibitors. Computationally integrating relationships between small molecule structure, dose-response antiviral activity, host target, and cell interactome produced cellular networks important for infection. This analysis revealed 389 small molecules with micromolar to low nanomolar activities, representing >12 scaffold classes and 813 host targets. Representatives were evaluated for mechanism of action in stable and primary human cell models with SARS-CoV-2 variants and MERS-CoV. One promising candidate, obatoclax, significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral lung load in mice. Ultimately, this work establishes a rigorous approach for future pharmacological and computational identification of host factor dependencies and treatments for viral diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J.J. Patten
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Patrick T. Keiser
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Deisy Morselli-Gysi
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Giulia Menichetti
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Mori
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Callie J. Donahue
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Xiao Gan
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Italo do Valle
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kathleen Geoghegan-Barek
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Manu Anantpadma
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - RuthMabel Boytz
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jacob L. Berrigan
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Sarah H. Stubbs
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Tess Ayazika
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Colin O’Leary
- Department of Genetics, Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sallieu Jalloh
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Florence Wagner
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Stephen J. Elledge
- Department of Genetics, Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deborah Anderson
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marinka Zitnik
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Suryaram Gummuluru
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Mark N. Namchuk
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Albert-László Barabási
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Network and Data Science, Central European University, Budapest 1051, Hungary
| | - Robert A. Davey
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schwarz MM, Price DA, Ganaie SS, Feng A, Mishra N, Hoehl RM, Fatma F, Stubbs SH, Whelan SPJ, Cui X, Egawa T, Leung DW, Amarasinghe GK, Hartman AL. Oropouche orthobunyavirus infection is mediated by the cellular host factor Lrp1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2204706119. [PMID: 35939689 PMCID: PMC9388146 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204706119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oropouche orthobunyavirus (OROV; Peribunyaviridae) is a mosquito-transmitted virus that causes widespread human febrile illness in South America, with occasional progression to neurologic effects. Host factors mediating the cellular entry of OROV are undefined. Here, we show that OROV uses the host protein low-density lipoprotein-related protein 1 (Lrp1) for efficient cellular infection. Cells from evolutionarily distinct species lacking Lrp1 were less permissive to OROV infection than cells with Lrp1. Treatment of cells with either the high-affinity Lrp1 ligand receptor-associated protein (RAP) or recombinant ectodomain truncations of Lrp1 significantly reduced OROV infection. In addition, chimeric vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) expressing OROV glycoproteins (VSV-OROV) bound to the Lrp1 ectodomain in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrate the biological relevance of the OROV-Lrp1 interaction in a proof-of-concept mouse study in which treatment of mice with RAP at the time of infection reduced tissue viral load and promoted survival from an otherwise lethal infection. These results with OROV, along with the recent finding of Lrp1 as an entry factor for Rift Valley fever virus, highlight the broader significance of Lrp1 in cellular infection by diverse bunyaviruses. Shared strategies for entry, such as the critical function of Lrp1 defined here, provide a foundation for the development of pan-bunyaviral therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeline M. Schwarz
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - David A. Price
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Safder S. Ganaie
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Annie Feng
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Nawneet Mishra
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Ryan M. Hoehl
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Farheen Fatma
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Sarah H. Stubbs
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - Sean P. J. Whelan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110
| | - Xiaoxia Cui
- Genome Engineering & Stem Cell Center (GESC@MGI), Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Takeshi Egawa
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Daisy W. Leung
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Gaya K. Amarasinghe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Amy L. Hartman
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ganaie SS, Schwarz MM, McMillen CM, Price DA, Feng AX, Albe JR, Wang W, Miersch S, Orvedahl A, Cole AR, Sentmanat MF, Mishra N, Boyles DA, Koenig ZT, Kujawa MR, Demers MA, Hoehl RM, Moyle AB, Wagner ND, Stubbs SH, Cardarelli L, Teyra J, McElroy A, Gross ML, Whelan SPJ, Doench J, Cui X, Brett TJ, Sidhu SS, Virgin HW, Egawa T, Leung DW, Amarasinghe GK, Hartman AL. Lrp1 is a host entry factor for Rift Valley fever virus. Cell 2021; 184:5163-5178.e24. [PMID: 34559985 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic pathogen with pandemic potential. RVFV entry is mediated by the viral glycoprotein (Gn), but host entry factors remain poorly defined. Our genome-wide CRISPR screen identified low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (mouse Lrp1/human LRP1), heat shock protein (Grp94), and receptor-associated protein (RAP) as critical host factors for RVFV infection. RVFV Gn directly binds to specific Lrp1 clusters and is glycosylation independent. Exogenous addition of murine RAP domain 3 (mRAPD3) and anti-Lrp1 antibodies neutralizes RVFV infection in taxonomically diverse cell lines. Mice treated with mRAPD3 and infected with pathogenic RVFV are protected from disease and death. A mutant mRAPD3 that binds Lrp1 weakly failed to protect from RVFV infection. Together, these data support Lrp1 as a host entry factor for RVFV infection and define a new target to limit RVFV infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Safder S Ganaie
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Madeline M Schwarz
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cynthia M McMillen
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David A Price
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Annie X Feng
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph R Albe
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shane Miersch
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony Orvedahl
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aidan R Cole
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Monica F Sentmanat
- Genome Engineering and iPSC Center (GEiC), Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nawneet Mishra
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Devin A Boyles
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zachary T Koenig
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael R Kujawa
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew A Demers
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ryan M Hoehl
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Austin B Moyle
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nicole D Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah H Stubbs
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lia Cardarelli
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joan Teyra
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anita McElroy
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael L Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sean P J Whelan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John Doench
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Cui
- Genome Engineering and iPSC Center (GEiC), Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tom J Brett
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sachdev S Sidhu
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Herbert W Virgin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Current address: Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Takeshi Egawa
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daisy W Leung
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gaya K Amarasinghe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Amy L Hartman
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Raaben M, Jae LT, Herbert AS, Kuehne AI, Stubbs SH, Chou YY, Blomen VA, Kirchhausen T, Dye JM, Brummelkamp TR, Whelan SP. NRP2 and CD63 Are Host Factors for Lujo Virus Cell Entry. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 22:688-696.e5. [PMID: 29120745 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Arenaviruses cause fatal hemorrhagic disease in humans. Old World arenavirus glycoproteins (GPs) mainly engage α-dystroglycan as a cell-surface receptor, while New World arenaviruses hijack transferrin receptor. However, the Lujo virus (LUJV) GP does not cluster with New or Old World arenaviruses. Using a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus containing LUJV GP as its sole attachment and fusion protein (VSV-LUJV), we demonstrate that infection is independent of known arenavirus receptor genes. A genome-wide haploid genetic screen identified the transmembrane protein neuropilin 2 (NRP2) and tetraspanin CD63 as factors for LUJV GP-mediated infection. LUJV GP binds the N-terminal domain of NRP2, while CD63 stimulates pH-activated LUJV GP-mediated membrane fusion. Overexpression of NRP2 or its N-terminal domain enhances VSV-LUJV infection, and cells lacking NRP2 are deficient in wild-type LUJV infection. These findings uncover this distinct set of host cell entry factors in LUJV infection and are attractive focus points for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs Raaben
- Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lucas T Jae
- Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrew S Herbert
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Virology Division, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, USA
| | - Ana I Kuehne
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Virology Division, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, USA
| | - Sarah H Stubbs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yi-Ying Chou
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vincent A Blomen
- Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tomas Kirchhausen
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John M Dye
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Virology Division, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, USA
| | - Thijn R Brummelkamp
- Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; CGC.nl; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 14 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sean P Whelan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Robinson-McCarthy LR, McCarthy KR, Raaben M, Piccinotti S, Nieuwenhuis J, Stubbs SH, Bakkers MJG, Whelan SPJ. Reconstruction of the cell entry pathway of an extinct virus. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007123. [PMID: 30080900 PMCID: PMC6095630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), remnants of ancient germline infections, comprise 8% of the human genome. The most recently integrated includes human ERV-K (HERV-K) where several envelope (env) sequences remain intact. Viral pseudotypes decorated with one of those Envs are infectious. Using a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus encoding HERV-K Env as its sole attachment and fusion protein (VSV-HERVK) we conducted a genome-wide haploid genetic screen to interrogate the host requirements for infection. This screen identified 11 genes involved in heparan sulfate biosynthesis. Genetic inhibition or chemical removal of heparan sulfate and addition of excess soluble heparan sulfate inhibit infection. Direct binding of heparin to soluble HERV-K Env and purified VSV-HERVK defines it as critical for viral attachment. Cell surface bound VSV-HERVK particles are triggered to infect on exposure to acidic pH, whereas acid pH pretreatment of virions blocks infection. Testing of additional endogenous HERV-K env sequences reveals they bind heparin and mediate acid pH triggered fusion. This work reconstructs and defines key steps in the infectious entry pathway of an extinct virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey R. Robinson-McCarthy
- Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kevin R. McCarthy
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Matthijs Raaben
- Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Piccinotti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joppe Nieuwenhuis
- Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah H. Stubbs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mark J. G. Bakkers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sean P. J. Whelan
- Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Pre-mRNA processing is mechanistically linked to transcription with RNA pol II serving as a platform to recruit RNA processing factors to nascent transcripts. The TREX complex member, REF/Aly, has been suggested to play roles in transcription and nuclear RNA stability in addition to its more broadly characterized role in mRNA export. We employed RNA-seq to identify a subset of transcripts with decreased expression in both nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions upon REF/Aly knockdown, which implies that REF/Aly affects their expression upstream of its role in mRNA export. Transcription inhibition experiments and metabolic labeling assays argue that REF/Aly does not affect stability of selected candidate transcripts. Instead, ChIP assays and nuclear run-on analysis reveal that REF/Aly depletion diminishes the transcription of these candidate genes. Furthermore, we determined that REF/Aly binds directly to candidate transcripts, supporting a direct effect of REF/Aly on candidate gene transcription. Taken together, our data suggest that the importance of REF/Aly is not limited to RNA export, but that REF/Aly is also critical for gene expression at the level of transcription. Our data are consistent with the model that REF/Aly is involved in linking splicing with transcription efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H Stubbs
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9048, USA
| | - Nicholas K Conrad
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9048, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jae LT, Raaben M, Herbert AS, Kuehne AI, Wirchnianski AS, Soh TK, Stubbs SH, Janssen H, Damme M, Saftig P, Whelan SP, Dye JM, Brummelkamp TR. Virus entry. Lassa virus entry requires a trigger-induced receptor switch. Science 2014; 344:1506-10. [PMID: 24970085 PMCID: PMC4239993 DOI: 10.1126/science.1252480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lassa virus spreads from a rodent to humans and can lead to lethal hemorrhagic fever. Despite its broad tropism, chicken cells were reported 30 years ago to resist infection. We found that Lassa virus readily engaged its cell-surface receptor α-dystroglycan in avian cells, but virus entry in susceptible species involved a pH-dependent switch to an intracellular receptor, the lysosome-resident protein LAMP1. Iterative haploid screens revealed that the sialyltransferase ST3GAL4 was required for the interaction of the virus glycoprotein with LAMP1. A single glycosylated residue in LAMP1, present in susceptible species but absent in birds, was essential for interaction with the Lassa virus envelope protein and subsequent infection. The resistance of Lamp1-deficient mice to Lassa virus highlights the relevance of this receptor switch in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas T Jae
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Raaben
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew S Herbert
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, USA
| | - Ana I Kuehne
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, USA
| | - Ariel S Wirchnianski
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, USA
| | - Timothy K Soh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah H Stubbs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hans Janssen
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Markus Damme
- Biochemisches Institut, Christian Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Paul Saftig
- Biochemisches Institut, Christian Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sean P Whelan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - John M Dye
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, USA.
| | - Thijn R Brummelkamp
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, Netherlands. CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria. Cancer Genomics Center (CGC.nl), Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
RNA-protein complexes are critical for almost all aspects of gene expression. Analysis of RNA-protein interactions can be complicated by the disruption of native complexes and the formation of new, reassorted complexes upon cell lysis. Before concluding that a specific RNA and protein interact in vivo, cell-mixing experiments can be performed to ensure that observed RNA-protein complexes are not formed after lysis of cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H Stubbs
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas K Conrad
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|