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Nisa A, Kumar R, Ramasamy S, Kolloli A, Olejnik J, Jalloh S, Gummuluru S, Subbian S, Bushkin Y. Modulations of Homeostatic ACE2, CD147, GRP78 Pathways Correlate with Vascular and Endothelial Performance Markers during Pulmonary SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Cells 2024; 13:432. [PMID: 38474396 PMCID: PMC10930588 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathologic consequences of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) include elevated inflammation and dysregulated vascular functions associated with thrombosis. In general, disruption of vascular homeostasis and ensuing prothrombotic events are driven by activated platelets, monocytes, and macrophages, which form aggregates (thrombi) attached to the endothelium lining of vessel walls. However, molecular pathways underpinning the pathological interactions between myeloid cells and endothelium during COVID-19 remain undefined. Here, we tested the hypothesis that modulations in the expression of cellular receptors angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), CD147, and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), which are involved in homeostasis and endothelial performance, are the hallmark responses induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cultured macrophages and lungs of hamster model systems were used to test this hypothesis. The results indicate that while macrophages and endothelial cells are less likely to support SARS-CoV-2 proliferation, these cells may readily respond to inflammatory stimuli generated by the infected lung epithelium. SARS-CoV-2 induced modulations of tested cellular receptors correlated with corresponding changes in the mRNA expression of coagulation cascade regulators and endothelial integrity components in infected hamster lungs. Among these markers, tissue factor (TF) had the best correlation for prothrombotic events during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, the single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) method alone was sufficient to determine the peak and resolution phases of SARS-CoV-2 infection and enabled screening for cellular markers co-expressed with the virus. These findings suggest possible molecular pathways for exploration of novel drugs capable of blocking the prothrombotic shift events that exacerbate COVID-19 pathophysiology and control the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annuurun Nisa
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (A.N.); (R.K.); (S.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Ranjeet Kumar
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (A.N.); (R.K.); (S.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Santhamani Ramasamy
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (A.N.); (R.K.); (S.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Afsal Kolloli
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (A.N.); (R.K.); (S.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Judith Olejnik
- Department of Virology, Immunology & Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02130, USA; (J.O.); (S.J.); (S.G.)
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA 02218, USA
| | - Sallieu Jalloh
- Department of Virology, Immunology & Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02130, USA; (J.O.); (S.J.); (S.G.)
| | - Suryaram Gummuluru
- Department of Virology, Immunology & Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02130, USA; (J.O.); (S.J.); (S.G.)
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (A.N.); (R.K.); (S.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Yuri Bushkin
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (A.N.); (R.K.); (S.R.); (A.K.)
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Jalloh S, Olejnik J, Berrigan J, Nisa A, Suder EL, Akiyama H, Lei M, Ramaswamy S, Tyagi S, Bushkin Y, Mühlberger E, Gummuluru S. CD169-mediated restrictive SARS-CoV-2 infection of macrophages induces pro-inflammatory responses. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010479. [PMID: 36279285 PMCID: PMC9632919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Exacerbated and persistent innate immune response marked by pro-inflammatory cytokine expression is thought to be a major driver of chronic COVID-19 pathology. Although macrophages are not the primary target cells of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans, viral RNA and antigens in activated monocytes and macrophages have been detected in post-mortem samples, and dysfunctional monocytes and macrophages have been hypothesized to contribute to a protracted hyper-inflammatory state in COVID-19 patients. In this study, we demonstrate that CD169, a myeloid cell specific I-type lectin, facilitated ACE2-independent SARS-CoV-2 fusion and entry in macrophages. CD169-mediated SARS-CoV-2 entry in macrophages resulted in expression of viral genomic and subgenomic RNAs with minimal viral protein expression and no infectious viral particle release, suggesting a post-entry restriction of the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle. Intriguingly this post-entry replication block was alleviated by exogenous ACE2 expression in macrophages. Restricted expression of viral genomic and subgenomic RNA in CD169+ macrophages elicited a pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (TNFα, IL-6 and IL-1β) in a RIG-I, MDA-5 and MAVS-dependent manner, which was suppressed by remdesivir treatment. These findings suggest that de novo expression of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in macrophages contributes to the pro-inflammatory cytokine signature and that blocking CD169-mediated ACE2 independent infection and subsequent activation of macrophages by viral RNA might alleviate COVID-19-associated hyperinflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sallieu Jalloh
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Judith Olejnik
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jacob Berrigan
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Annuurun Nisa
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Ellen L. Suder
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hisashi Akiyama
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Maohua Lei
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sita Ramaswamy
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sanjay Tyagi
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Yuri Bushkin
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Elke Mühlberger
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Suryaram Gummuluru
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Patten J, Keiser PT, Morselli-Gysi D, Menichetti G, Mori H, Donahue CJ, Gan X, Valle ID, Geoghegan-Barek K, Anantpadma M, Boytz R, Berrigan JL, Stubbs SH, Ayazika T, O’Leary C, Jalloh S, Wagner F, Ayehunie S, Elledge SJ, Anderson D, Loscalzo J, Zitnik M, Gummuluru S, Namchuk MN, Barabási AL, Davey RA. Identification of potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 infection by combined pharmacological evaluation and cellular network prioritization. iScience 2022; 25:104925. [PMID: 35992305 PMCID: PMC9374494 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacologically active compounds with known biological targets were evaluated for inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cell and tissue models to help identify potent classes of active small molecules and to better understand host-virus interactions. We evaluated 6,710 clinical and preclinical compounds targeting 2,183 host proteins by immunocytofluorescence-based screening to identify SARS-CoV-2 infection inhibitors. Computationally integrating relationships between small molecule structure, dose-response antiviral activity, host target, and cell interactome produced cellular networks important for infection. This analysis revealed 389 small molecules with micromolar to low nanomolar activities, representing >12 scaffold classes and 813 host targets. Representatives were evaluated for mechanism of action in stable and primary human cell models with SARS-CoV-2 variants and MERS-CoV. One promising candidate, obatoclax, significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral lung load in mice. Ultimately, this work establishes a rigorous approach for future pharmacological and computational identification of host factor dependencies and treatments for viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.J. Patten
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Patrick T. Keiser
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Deisy Morselli-Gysi
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Giulia Menichetti
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Mori
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Callie J. Donahue
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Xiao Gan
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Italo do Valle
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kathleen Geoghegan-Barek
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Manu Anantpadma
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - RuthMabel Boytz
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jacob L. Berrigan
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Sarah H. Stubbs
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Tess Ayazika
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Colin O’Leary
- Department of Genetics, Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sallieu Jalloh
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Florence Wagner
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Stephen J. Elledge
- Department of Genetics, Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deborah Anderson
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marinka Zitnik
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Suryaram Gummuluru
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Mark N. Namchuk
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Albert-László Barabási
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Network and Data Science, Central European University, Budapest 1051, Hungary
| | - Robert A. Davey
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and NEIDL, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Jalloh S, Olejnik J, Berrigan J, Nisa A, Suder EL, Akiyama H, Lei M, Tyagi S, Bushkin Y, Mühlberger E, Gummuluru S. CD169-mediated restrictive SARS-CoV-2 infection of macrophages induces pro-inflammatory responses. bioRxiv 2022:2022.03.29.486190. [PMID: 35378756 PMCID: PMC8978933 DOI: 10.1101/2022.03.29.486190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exacerbated and persistent innate immune response marked by pro-inflammatory cytokine expression is thought to be a major driver of chronic COVID-19 pathology. Although macrophages are not the primary target cells of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans, viral RNA and antigens in activated monocytes and macrophages have been detected in post-mortem samples, and dysfunctional monocytes and macrophages have been hypothesized to contribute to a protracted hyper-inflammatory state in COVID-19 patients. In this study, we demonstrate that CD169, a myeloid cell specific I-type lectin, facilitated ACE2-independent SARS-CoV-2 fusion and entry in macrophages. CD169- mediated SARS-CoV-2 entry in macrophages resulted in expression of viral genomic and sub-genomic (sg) RNAs with minimal viral protein expression and no infectious viral particle release, suggesting a post-entry restriction of the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle. Intriguingly this post-entry replication block was alleviated by exogenous ACE2 expression in macrophages. Restricted expression of viral gRNA and sgRNA in CD169 + macrophages elicited a pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (TNFα, IL-6 and IL-1β) in a RIG-I, MDA-5 and MAVS-dependent manner, which was suppressed by remdesivir pre- treatment. These findings suggest that de novo expression of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in macrophages contributes to the pro-inflammatory cytokine signature and that blocking CD169-mediated ACE2 independent infection and subsequent activation of macrophages by viral RNA might alleviate COVID-19-associated hyperinflammatory response. Author Summary Over-exuberant production of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression by macrophages has been hypothesized to contribute to severity of COVID-19 disease. Molecular mechanisms that contribute to macrophage-intrinsic immune activation during SARS- CoV-2 infection are not fully understood. Here we show that CD169, a macrophage- specific sialic-acid binding lectin, facilitates abortive SARS-CoV-2 infection of macrophages that results in innate immune sensing of viral replication intermediates and production of proinflammatory responses. We identify an ACE2-independent, CD169- mediated endosomal viral entry mechanism that results in cytoplasmic delivery of viral capsids and initiation of virus replication, but absence of infectious viral production. Restricted viral replication in CD169 + macrophages and detection of viral genomic and sub-genomic RNAs by cytoplasmic RIG-I-like receptor family members, RIG-I and MDA5, and initiation of downstream signaling via the adaptor protein MAVS, was required for innate immune activation. These studies uncover mechanisms important for initiation of innate immune sensing of SARS-CoV-2 infection in macrophages, persistent activation of which might contribute to severe COVID-19 pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sallieu Jalloh
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Judith Olejnik
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacob Berrigan
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Annuurun Nisa
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Ellen L Suder
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hisashi Akiyama
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maohua Lei
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sanjay Tyagi
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Yuri Bushkin
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Elke Mühlberger
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suryaram Gummuluru
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Patten JJ, Keiser PT, Gysi D, Menichetti G, Mori H, Donahue CJ, Gan X, Do Valle I, Geoghegan-Barek K, Anantpadma M, Berrigan JL, Jalloh S, Ayazika T, Wagner F, Zitnik M, Ayehunie S, Anderson D, Loscalzo J, Gummuluru S, Namchuk MN, Barabasi AL, Davey RA. Multidose evaluation of 6,710 drug repurposing library identifies potent SARS-CoV-2 infection inhibitors In Vitro and In Vivo. bioRxiv 2021. [PMID: 33907750 DOI: 10.1101/2021.04.20.440626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused widespread illness, loss of life, and socioeconomic disruption that is unlikely to resolve until vaccines are widely adopted, and effective therapeutic treatments become established. Here, a well curated and annotated library of 6710 clinical and preclinical molecules, covering diverse chemical scaffolds and known host targets was evaluated for inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection in multiple infection models. Multi-concentration, high-content immunocytofluorescence-based screening identified 172 strongly active small molecules, including 52 with submicromolar potencies. The active molecules were extensively triaged by in vitro mechanistic assays, including human primary cell models of infection and the most promising, obatoclax, was tested for in vivo efficacy. Structural and mechanistic classification of compounds revealed known and novel chemotypes and potential host targets involved in each step of the virus replication cycle including BET proteins, microtubule function, mTOR, ER kinases, protein synthesis and ion channel function. In the mouse disease model obatoclax effectively reduced lung virus load by 10-fold. Overall, this work provides an important, publicly accessible, foundation for development of novel treatments for COVID-19, establishes human primary cell-based pharmacological models for evaluation of therapeutics and identifies new insights into SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanisms. Significance A bioinformatically rich library of pharmacologically active small molecules with diverse chemical scaffolds and including known host targets were used to identify hundreds of SARS-CoV-2 replication inhibitors using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models. Extending our previous work, unbiased screening demonstrated a propensity for compounds targeting host proteins that interact with virus proteins. Representatives from multiple chemical classes revealed differences in cell susceptibility, suggesting distinct dependencies on host factors and one, Obatoclax, showed 90% reduction of lung virus loads in the mouse disease model. Our findings and integrated analytical approaches will have important implications for future drug screening and how therapies are developed against SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses.
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Jalloh S, Barron K, Dierberg K, Cooper J, Marsh R. Improving care for patients with epilepsy in rural Sierra Leone: A
replicable model for low-resource settings. Ann Glob Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2016.04.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Abstract
Giant cell tumours of bone are most commonly found in the epiphyses of weight-bearing long bones. They are rarely found in the head and neck and only 17 cases involving the laryngeal framework have been reported. To date, there have been no reports of a giant cell tumour arising from the hyoid bone. We present such a case which presented as a lump overlying the greater cornu of the hyoid, review the literature and discuss the management of this locally aggressive tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Commins
- Department of Otolaryngology, Milton Keynes General Hospital
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Lynch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Milton Keynes General Hospital, United Kingdom
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Coker A, Lawal AH, Jalloh S, B-Lynch C. Teratoma of the uterus. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 1996. [DOI: 10.3109/01443619609030106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Mahendran M, Gwilt DJ, Fitzgerald Finch OP, Jalloh S. Autopsy assessment of the Gunther vena caval filter. Br J Radiol 1989; 62:174-5. [PMID: 2924099 DOI: 10.1259/0007-1285-62-734-174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Mahendran
- Milton Keynes General Hospital, Buckinghamshire
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