1
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Clark SL, Julien-Chinn F, Jones A, Jen S, Dowdy-Hazlett T, Hunt MK. "Without Compassion We Don't Have a Social Work Field": A Thematic Analysis Exploring Social Workers' Experiences with Compassion. J Evid Based Soc Work (2019) 2023; 20:954-980. [PMID: 37470398 DOI: 10.1080/26408066.2023.2232799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence establishing the importance of compassion in the context of social work practice is emerging. Compassion, stemming from the Latin words com and pati, means to suffer with. Given the proximity social workers have to vast experiences of suffering, compassion may play a central role in providing meaningful care to individuals, communities, and systems. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore social workers' definitions of and experiences with compassion. METHOD Participants included 12 social workers working across levels of practice in two Midwestern states in the United States. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews. RESULTS Thematic analysis demonstrated three themes present in the data. Consistent with previous conceptual scholarship, the findings illustrated that compassion is a central component of social work practice. Additionally, results from the study demonstrated that social workers find compassion to be an imperative component of ethical practice and suggested that both barriers to and facilitators of compassion are present across levels of social work practice. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This study adds to the growing body of social work scholarship exploring compassion and highlights implications for the social work discipline across levels of practice to more overtly center compassion in education, practice, and policy. Further research is needed to better understand multilevel barriers to compassion and develop strategies for overcoming them. Moreover, additional research is needed to holistically understand how to leverage and build upon the facilitators of compassion identified by participants in order to foster compassionate social workers, social work organizations, and systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby L Clark
- University of Kentucky College of Social Work, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Francie Julien-Chinn
- University of Hawaii Manoa Thompson School of Social Work & Public Health, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Aubrey Jones
- University of Kentucky College of Social Work, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Sarah Jen
- University of Kansas School of Social Welfare, Lawrence, Kansas
| | | | - Mary Kate Hunt
- University of Kentucky College of Social Work, Lexington, Kentucky
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2
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Watts A, Jen S. Context-dependent sexual changes during women's midlife transitions. J Women Aging 2023; 35:542-556. [PMID: 36995271 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2023.2195321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
For women, midlife represents an important stage of transition, including shifts in physiological, social, and sexual experiences. Prior research demonstrates that women's sexuality is more dynamic and context-dependent than men's. Most research focused on women's sexuality in mid- to later-life emphasizes physiological changes, while largely ignoring changes stemming from social, psychological, and relational contexts. The present study examined midlife women's diverse sexual experiences within the context of their lives. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 27 women, ages 39-57, and used interpretative phenomenological analysis to investigate perceptions and interpretations of midlife sexual experiences and changes. Themes included changes in sexual engagement, unwanted sexual experiences, body image, and sexual healthcare. Participants reported changes in the frequency of sex and sexual desire within the context of their diverse social roles and identities, prior intimate relationships, and sexual health. Women contrasted perceptions of their own bodies with societal perceptions of sexiness. Frequently reported negative experiences with sexual healthcare informed a distrust of healthcare systems. The diverse and changing nature of participants' experiences supports prior evidence of sexual fluidity and context-dependence. By questioning societal expectations around sexuality and body image, participants illustrated the potential of counternarratives to combat dominant beliefs and stereotypes about midlife women's sexuality. To improve sexual health and education, psychoeducational interventions for women in midlife are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Watts
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Sarah Jen
- School of Social Welfare, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
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3
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Fredriksen-Goldsen K, Shuman A, Jen S, Jung HH. Stress and Resilience among Sexual and Gender Diverse Caregivers. Res Aging 2023; 45:654-665. [PMID: 36772866 PMCID: PMC10415531 DOI: 10.1177/01640275231156191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about caregiving outcomes of sexual and gender diverse, including LGBT, caregivers. Informed by the Health Equity Promotion Model (HEPM) and Pearlin's Stress Process Model, we utilized data from Aging with Pride: National Health, Aging, and Sexuality/Gender Study (NHAS), to examine perceived stress among a sample of 754 sexual and gender diverse caregivers using regressions on background and caregiving characteristics and risk and protective factors. Among caregivers, 38% were providing care to a spouse or partner and about one-third to a friend (29%). Higher stress was associated with younger age, lower income, higher education, partner/spouse care, personal care provision, longer caregiving hours, and caregiver cognitive impairment. After including the risk and protective factors from HEPM, victimization, social support, and community engagement significantly predicted perceived stress. Findings contribute to emergent research on caregiving in diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abandon Shuman
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarah Jen
- School of Social Welfare, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Hailey H Jung
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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4
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Jones RL, Jen S, Reiter B. "Courage to cobble something new": Women's queer and creative narratives of bisexuality and ageing. J Aging Stud 2023; 65:101133. [PMID: 37268378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2023.101133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Critical gerontologists have called for more diverse and inclusive visions of a good old age, and especially for imaginings that do not depend on health, wealth and heterosexuality. They have suggested that LGBTQ people, alongside other marginalized groups, may have particular contributions to make to the project of reimagining ageing. In this paper, we bring together this work with Jose Muñoz's concept of 'cruising utopia' to examine possibilities for imagining a more utopian, queer life course. We present findings from a narrative analysis of Bi Women Quarterly, a grassroots online bi community newsletter with an international readership, analyzing three issues published between 2014 and 2019 that focused on the intersection of ageing and bisexuality. We found several ways in which the authors told counter-narratives that queered normative visions of successful ageing. They queered norms around the stability and reification of sexual and gender identities. They challenged current forms of LGBTQ activism. They embraced and celebrated ageing, through such activities as croning ceremonies, and directly addressed and contemplated death. Finally, they queered the narrative form, by giving accounts of personal experience that were dreamlike, poetic or inconclusive. We conclude that counter-normative spaces, such as activist newsletters, offer valuable resources to progress the wider project of reimagining successful ageing more inclusively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Jones
- School of Health, Wellbeing and Social Care, Faculty of Wellbeing, Education and Language Studies, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom.
| | - Sarah Jen
- University of Kansas, School of Social Welfare, Twente Hall, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA
| | - Bea Reiter
- Emporia State University, School of Library and Information Management, Campus Box 4025, 1 Kellogg Circle, Emporia, KS 66801, USA
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5
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Bagwell-Gray ME, Grube W, Mendenhall A, Jen S, Olaleye O, Sattler P. A qualitative exploration of caregivers' experiences with the Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up (ABC) parenting program. Infant Ment Health J 2023; 44:406-421. [PMID: 37125969 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.22057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In the face of childhood adversity, services and interventions can improve a child's life trajectory by promoting healthy development, enhancing protective factors, and building resilience through stable and supportive relationships. One such service, a specific and highly researched home visiting intervention, Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up (ABC), is often provided to families through home visiting service programs. This qualitative descriptive study examines the experiences of caregivers (N = 18) who received ABC as part of a statewide early childhood initiative in one midwestern state. Participants provided insight into the context of their lives before and during the intervention. They described their perspectives of the utility of the program and its influence on their family's behaviors and interactions. Findings demonstrate that coaching support bolstered caregivers' confidence in effective strategies and guided them through caregiving challenges. Caregivers observed growth in their caregiving practices, their infants' and young children's social and emotional skills, and their dyadic caregiver-child relationships, demonstrating the benefits of participating in and completing the ABC intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Whitney Grube
- The University of Kansas School of Social Welfare, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Amy Mendenhall
- The University of Kansas School of Social Welfare, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Sarah Jen
- The University of Kansas School of Social Welfare, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Omowunmi Olaleye
- The University of Kansas School of Social Welfare, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Patricia Sattler
- The University of Kansas School of Social Welfare, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
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6
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Jen S, Jeong M, Smith M. " Weight of the World" and " I Want Them to Know": Skilled Nursing Facility Administrators' Perspectives on COVID-19 in Research Poems. J Gerontol Soc Work 2023; 66:263-273. [PMID: 35815711 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2022.2098444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has had a drastic, long-lasting impact on skilled nursing facilities (SNFs), forcing communities to continuously adapt to rapidly changing guidelines, restrictions, and challenges. In spring 2020, we conducted a sequential mixed-methods study with administrators of SNFs in the Midwest to understand the experience of administrators, staff, and residents during the pandemic. We collected 60 surveys with open-ended items related to the impact of the pandemic on communities as a whole, staff, and residents. Survey findings informed supplemental interviews with six administrators working in diverse regions. Due to the affective nature of the data, we present the findings in two found poems, which emphasize the lyrical, emotional, and poignant aspects of the participant voices. The first poem, Weight of the World, captures the struggle to adapt during the transition into the pandemic and its negative impacts on the lives of residents and their families. The second, I Want Them to Know, describes the resiliency with which administrators and staff responded to adversity while maintaining motivation to continue the work in the midst of unprecedented challenges. The two poems offer contrasting or balancing narratives of struggle and survival during the pandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jen
- University of Kansas School of Social Welfare, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Mijin Jeong
- University of Kansas School of Social Welfare, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Madeline Smith
- University of Kansas School of Social Welfare, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
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7
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Jeong M, Jen S. POLICIES AND PERSPECTIVES AROUND SEXUAL ACTIVITIES AMONG RESIDENTS WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT OR DEMENTIA IN LTC. Innov Aging 2022. [PMCID: PMC9770641 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igac059.1773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many older adults remain sexually interested and active in later life. However, little is known about how sexual policies and practices in skilled-nursing facilities (SNF) address sexual activities of residents with cognitive impairment and dementia. This study seeks to identify the current sexual policies and staff’s perspectives related to residents with cognitive impairment or dementia in SNFs in Kansas. Online surveys and mailed surveys were distributed to administrators from all 364 SNFs in Kansas in June 2020. 60 long-term care facilities (16.5%) answered the survey. Of 60 survey respondents, 22 facilities (36.7%) have a policy addressing sexual expression and 19 of those policies (94.7%) address issues related to cognitive impairment, competency, or dementia. 77.4% had trained their staff on the impact on sexual expression for those with cognitive impairment or dementia once or more than once during the past year. 73.3% of administrators stated that their staff would respond differently to sexual expression among individuals with dementia or cognitive impairment compared to other residents, often noting issues related to consent and capacity. 55.2% reported any sexual expression among residents with dementia within the past year. Findings indicated that there is a lack of overall sexual policies, but those that exist are likely to address residents with cognitive impairment or dementia. Although there is evidence of training and attention to issues related to sexual expression in individuals with dementia or cognitive impairment, there is a need for further efforts to establish practice norms and policies around more complex or nuanced situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijin Jeong
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
| | - Sarah Jen
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
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8
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Jen S, Jones R. IMAGINING QUEER FUTURES BEYOND BOUNDARIES: A NARRATIVE ANALYSIS OF CREATIVE WRITING. Innov Aging 2022. [PMCID: PMC9765119 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igac059.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Scholars have called for “queering aging futures” beyond normative assumptions or scripts (Sandberg & Marshall, 2019), which is well-aligned with queer theory’s Cruising Utopia which suggests “cruising ahead” toward a queer utopian future that is not yet possible (Muñoz, 2009). Due to emphasis on form rather than content, narrative analyses enable the reimagining of queer futures not bound by material realities. This study presents a narrative analysis of 40 pieces of creative writing in Bi Women Quarterly (BWQ) that examine aging. Authors used writing to queer stories of relationships, activism, and aging. Many used incoherent, non-linear, and dreamlike or omnipotent storytelling to queer narratives, allowing them to “cruise” across time and versions of themselves, imagining futures that were new and unscripted. Narrative analysis allowed researchers to examine choices authors made in taking agency through storytelling. Findings indicate that queer people are well positioned to queer expectations of successful old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jen
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
| | - Rebecca Jones
- Open University, Milton Keynes, England, United Kingdom
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9
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Watts A, Jen S. CONTEXT-DEPENDENT SEXUAL CHANGES DURING WOMEN’S MIDLIFE TRANSITIONS. Innov Aging 2022. [PMCID: PMC9766258 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igac059.1921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
For women, midlife represents an important stage of transition, including shifts in physiological, social, and sexual experiences. Prior research demonstrates that women’s sexuality is more dynamic and context-dependent than men’s. Most research focused on women’s sexuality in mid- to later-life emphasizes physiological changes, while largely ignoring changes stemming from social, psychological, and relational contexts. The present study examined midlife women’s diverse sexual experiences within the context of their lives. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 27 women, ages 39-57 and used interpretive phenomenological analysis to investigate perceptions and interpretations of midlife sexual experiences and changes. Themes included changes in sexual engagement, unwanted sexual experiences, body image, and sexual healthcare. Participants reported changes in frequency of sex and sexual desire within the context of their diverse social roles and identities, prior intimate relationships, and sexual health. Women contrasted perceptions of their own bodies with societal perceptions of sexiness. Frequently reported negative experiences with sexual healthcare informed a distrust of healthcare systems. The diverse and changing nature of participants’ experiences supports prior evidence of sexual fluidity and context-dependence. By questioning societal expectations around sexuality and body image, participants illustrated the potential of counternarratives to combat dominant beliefs and stereotypes about midlife women’s sexuality. To improve sexual health and education, psychoeducational interventions and improved training for healthcare professionals are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Watts
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
| | - Sarah Jen
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
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10
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Jeong M, Jen S, Kang H, Riquino M, Goldberg J. Representations of older adults in COVID-related newspaper articles: A comparison between the perspectives of older and younger adults. J Aging Stud 2022; 63:101081. [PMID: 36462935 PMCID: PMC9617660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2022.101081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, media sources discussed diverse perspectives on aging and older adults, providing opportunities to examine representations of older adults during times of crisis. This study aims to explore representations of older adults during the first month of the pandemic in the U.S. by comparing the perspectives of older and younger adults in national newspapers. A systematic search identified 115 articles published in four major newspapers in the U.S. between March 11 and April 10, 2020, in which older and younger adults were quoted on topics related to the intersection of COVID-19 and aging. Quotes were inductively reviewed using content and thematic analytic strategies. A total of 265 quotes were identified from older adults (n = 104, 39%) and younger adults (n = 161, 61%). We identified three primary themes: impacts on "vulnerable" older adults, debates over the value of older adults' lives, and a counternarrative of resiliency. Older adults were represented as a vulnerable group during the pandemic, in need of protection and support, while debates over the value of their lives similarly evoke images of frailty and dependency. Such depictions frame older adults as a burden on society and reduce their agency and subjectivity. Ageist biases were not only present in quotes from public figures and professionals, but also evident in quotes from older adults themselves. However, older adults also spoke to their own resiliency, survival, and strengths, thereby positioning themselves as elders worthy of respect and able to share wisdom with younger generations. These findings highlight the importance of listening to older adults' voices in order to understand their experiences from their own perspectives through their own agentive positioning and promoting intentionally age-positive and nuanced representations of older adults in public discourse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijin Jeong
- University of Kansas, School of Social Welfare, 1545 Lilac Ln, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States of America,Corresponding author at: Clemson University Institute for Engaged Aging, 298 Memorial Dr, Seneca, SC 29672, United States of America
| | - Sarah Jen
- University of Kansas, School of Social Welfare, 1545 Lilac Ln, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States of America
| | - Hyun Kang
- George Mason University, Department of Social Work, United States of America
| | - Michael Riquino
- University of Kansas, School of Social Welfare, 1545 Lilac Ln, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States of America
| | - Jamie Goldberg
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, Sandra Rosenbaum School of Social Work, United States of America
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Fredriksen-Goldsen K, Jen S, Emlet CA, Kim HJ, Jung HH. Key Determinants of Physical and Psychological Health-Related Quality of Life over Time among Midlife and Older LGBTQ and Sexual and Gender Diverse Caregivers. The Gerontologist 2022; 63:751-761. [PMID: 35933628 PMCID: PMC10167761 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnac112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objectives
Prior research has shown informal caregiving among older adults can negatively impact the caregiver’s physical and psychological health. However, little is known about protective and risk factors associated with the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) caregivers.
Research Design and Methods
Informed by the Health Equity Promotion Model and Caregiver Stress Process Model and utilizing longitudinal data from Aging with Pride: National Health, Aging, and Sexuality/Gender Study, this analysis examined modifiable risk and protective factors associated with psychological and physical HRQOL over time among 754 LGBTQ caregivers aged 50-98.
Results
Psychological and physical HRQOL declined over a three-year period. After controlling for background characteristics, mastery, social support, socialization, LGBTQ community engagement, and physical activity were positively associated with psychological HRQOL while day-to-day discrimination, identity stigma, and insufficient food intake were negatively associated. Steeper declines were observed for older and with no physical activity. Mastery, social support, socialization, and physical activity were positively associated with physical HRQOL while day-to-day discrimination and insufficient food intake were negatively associated. Steeper declines were found for those with high mastery and no physical activity.
Discussion and Implications
Although generalized factors including mastery, socialization, and social support, are protective for HRQOL among LGBTQ caregivers, factors including day-to-day discrimination and identity stigma are more unique to historically disadvantaged populations and should be considered in future research and practice. Caregiving interventions incorporating physical activity are promising given its buffering effect for decreased physical and psychological HRQOL over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Jen
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle , Washington, USA
| | - Charles A Emlet
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle , Washington, USA
| | - Hyun-Jun Kim
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle , Washington, USA
| | - Hailey H Jung
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle , Washington, USA
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Goldsen KF, Jen S, Clark T, Kim HJ, Jung H, Goldsen J. Historical and generational forces in the Iridescent Life Course of bisexual women, men, and gender diverse older adults. Sexualities 2022; 25:132-156. [PMID: 35444486 PMCID: PMC9017398 DOI: 10.1177/1363460720947313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Little is known about the life course of bisexual older adults. This study examines life events and experiences of bisexuals by generation: Pride Generation, born 1950-1964; Silenced Generation, born 1935-1949; and Invisible Generation, born 1934 or earlier, as well as by gender among women, men, and gender diverse older adults. METHODS Aging with Pride: National Health, Aging, and Sexuality/Gender Study is the first national longitudinal study of LGBTQ older adults in the US. We utilize the Iridescent Life Course to examine the life events and life course experiences of bisexual older adults (N = 216) using 2014 survey data. The Iridescent Life Course frames this study for comparing generational and gender differences in five key areas: identity development; work; kin and social relationships; bias-related experiences; and physical and mental health. FINDINGS The Invisible Generation, the oldest generation, compared to the two younger generations, reports significant risks related to social relationships, the lowest levels of openly disclosing, and fewer bias-related experiences. They also demonstrate important signs of resilience and better mental health. Bisexual men and gender diverse older adults report higher rates of bias-related experiences and fewer social resources than bisexual women. CONCLUSION Based on the Iridescent Life Course, we document important differences in the heterogeneity and intersectionality in bisexual lives, particularly for those in late life and those gender diverse. It is essential to document the distinct nature of bisexuals' life course, as it provides both historical and contemporary insights into aging and the reframing of future research.
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Jen S, Jeong M, Lafountain O, Doll G, Cornelison L. Sexual Expression, Policies, and Practices in Skilled Nursing Settings Serving Older Adults: An Updated Assessment in the State of Kansas. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2022; 8:23337214221113137. [PMID: 35874434 PMCID: PMC9301106 DOI: 10.1177/23337214221113137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Doll assessed sexual expressions, policies, and practices in Skilled
Nursing Facilities (SNFs) in the state of Kansas. This study provided
an updated and expanded assessment. A mixed-methods survey was
distributed to administrators of all SNFs in the state of Kansas.
Among 60 administrations, 84% reported any sexual expression among
residents in their community within the past year and 55% reported
expressions involving an individual with cognitive impairment. In
response to sexual expressions, 70% of administrators believe staff
would treat residents with dignity and respect and about 40%
anticipated staff discomfort. About 40% of administrators reported
having a policy related to sexual expression. Attitudes and responses
of staff and administrators appear to be shifting in a sex-positive
direction. While policies related to sexuality are more common than a
decade ago, there is room for additional uptake, standardization, and
infusion of person-centered language and practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jen
- University of Kansas School of Social Welfare, Lawrence, USA
| | - Mijin Jeong
- University of Kansas School of Social Welfare, Lawrence, USA
| | | | - Gayle Doll
- Kansas State University Center on Aging, Manhattan, USA
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Jen S, Jeong M. Sexual Expression, Policy, and Practices in Skilled Nursing Facilities: An Updated Assessment in the State of Kansas. Innov Aging 2021. [PMCID: PMC8969697 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab046.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior studies have reported barriers to meeting the sexual needs of older adults within skilled-nursing facilities, such as a lack of privacy, lack of supportive practices and policies, and judgement or discomfort on the part of the staff (Doll, 2013; Hajjar & Kamel, 2003). In 2008, Doll and colleagues assessed the scope of sexual behaviors, staff perceptions of and responses to such behaviors, and whether facilities had a sexual policy in place in SNFs in the state of Kansas (Doll, 2013). In the present study, an online survey was distributed to the same population to provide an updated assessment of sexual behaviors, policies, and practices. Of 60 survey respondents, 62.7% reported knowledge of individual sexual acts (e.g., masturbation) within the past year and 34.5% reported interactional (between two or more residents) sexual acts. When encountering a sexual event, staff were most likely to report the incident to an administrator (76.7%) and treat residents with respect (70.0%), while 35.0% and 41.7% were expected to respond with embarrassment and discomfort, respectively. Only 40% of administrators reported having a policy related to sexual expression. Findings indicate that staff are likely to respond differently to LGBTQ residents due to discomfort and those living with cognitive impairment due to concerns related to consent. The proportion of facilities in Kansas with policies related to sexual expression has increased from 26% to 40% in the past 12 years, but there remains a need for greater specificity of sexuality-related policies and trainings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jen
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
| | - Mijin Jeong
- University of Kansas, LAWRENCE, Kansas, United States
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Jeong M, Jen S, Kang H, Riquino M, Goldberg J. Representation of Older Adults in COVID-Related Newspaper Coverage. Innov Aging 2021. [PMCID: PMC8682227 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab046.3732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Based on clinical and epidemiological evidence, COVID-19 infection can occur in people of all ages; however, the media typically focuses its attention on the vulnerability of older adults and individuals with chronic illnesses. This study aims to explore the representation of older adults during the first month of the pandemic in the U.S. by comparing the narratives of older adults and younger adults in national media sources. A systematic search identified 115 articles published in four major newspapers in the U.S. included USA Today, The New York Times, Los Angeles Times, and The Washington Post between March 11 and April 10, 2020 in which older adults and younger adults were quoted on topics related to the intersection of COVID-19 and aging. Quotes were inductively reviewed using thematic content analysis. In 115 articles, there were 265 quotes from older adults (n=104, 39%) and younger adults (n=161, 61%). When comparing patterns that were common or distinctive between older and younger individuals quoted, three key themes emerged: 1) impacts of COVID-19 on older adults and resulting vulnerability, 2) debated perspectives over the value of older adults’ lives, and 3) a counternarrative of resiliency among older adults. This study provides the opportunity to understand how the pandemic may impact representations of older adults and findings emphasize the importance of voice among older adults to combat ageist messaging and promote counternarratives to assumptions of vulnerability. Also, it suggests for policymakers and practitioners to insight into how the representation of older adults is disseminated by media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijin Jeong
- University of Kansas, LAWRENCE, Kansas, United States
| | - Sarah Jen
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
| | - Hyun Kang
- University of Kansas, LAWRENCE, Kansas, United States
| | | | - Jaime Goldberg
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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Jen S, Jeong M, Kang H, Riquino M. Ageism in COVID-Related Newspaper Coverage: The First Month of a Pandemic. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:1904-1912. [PMID: 34096609 PMCID: PMC8344938 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Media sources have consistently described older adults as a medically vulnerable population during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, yet a lack of concern over their health and safety has resulted in dismissal and devaluation. This unprecedented situation highlights ongoing societal ageism and its manifestations in public discourse. This analysis asks how national news sources performed explicit and implicit ageism during the first month of the pandemic. Method Using content and critical discourse analysis methods, we analyzed 287 articles concerning older adults and COVID-19 published between March 11 and April 10, 2020, in 4 major U.S.-based newspapers. Results Findings indicate that while ageism was rarely discussed explicitly, ageist bias was evident in implicit reporting patterns (e.g., frequent use of the term “elderly,” portrayals of older adults as “vulnerable”). Infection and death rates and institutionalized care were among the most commonly reported topics, providing a limited portrait of aging during the pandemic. The older “survivor” narrative offers a positive alternative by suggesting exceptional examples of resilience and grit. However, the survivor narrative may also implicitly place blame on those unable to survive or thrive in later life. Discussion This study provides insight for policy makers, researchers, and practitioners exploring societal perceptions of older adults and how these perceptions are disseminated and maintained by the media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jen
- University of Kansas, School of Social Welfare
| | - Mijin Jeong
- University of Kansas, School of Social Welfare
| | - Hyun Kang
- University of Kansas, School of Social Welfare
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Cole SJ, Mitra SS, Robinson JA, Jen S, Paceley MS, Carr KA, Riquino M, Wright K. "Thanks for hearing me out": Voices of social work students during COVID-19. Qual Soc Work 2021; 20:63-66. [PMID: 34253955 PMCID: PMC8261371 DOI: 10.1177/1473325020981073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As social work educators and students, the COVID-19 pandemic impacted our teaching and learning in challenging ways. We embarked on a qualitative research study to better understand the ways in which the pandemic was affecting the social work students in our program. Three faculty mentors worked collaboratively with five social work students across BSW, MSW, and PhD programs to interview 66 BSW and MSW students about their experiences, challenges, and hopes during the early months of the pandemic. BSW and MSW students led the analysis and early dissemination for the project. This essay describes the unique experiences of social work students by using a research poem to capture the emotional and experiential aspects of the students we interviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Cole
- Sarah J Cole, University of Kansas, School
of Social, 1545 Lilac Lane, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kelechi Wright
- School of Social Welfare, University of Kansas,
Lawrence, USA
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18
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Jen S, Paceley MS. Capturing queer and trans lives and identities: The promise of research poems to inform stigma research. Stigma and Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1037/sah0000282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Jen S, Jones R. Courage to Cobble Something New: Creative Representations of Bisexuality and Aging. Innov Aging 2020. [PMCID: PMC7741376 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
There are few cultural representations or scripts available for LGBTQ aging. Among bisexual and otherwise non-monosexual (bi+) women, stereotypes of hypersexuality exclude older adults while the contrasting experience of invisibility obscures the existence of bi+ aging. In this discourse analysis, we examined three issues of the Bi Women Quarterly (BWQ) newsletter published between 2014-2019 which were devoted to the intersection of aging and bisexuality. Data include 42 narratives, personal reflections, interviews, poems, letters, advice columns, and photos which were analyzed to identify linguistic tools, visual imagery, and broader discourses used to construct and convey the meaning and experience of bisexual aging. Themes include: 1) lacking a “blueprint” for bisexual lives, 2) significant “turning points,” 3) intergenerational (dis)connections across history, and 4) life-long patterns of discovery and disclosure. More visible and diverse narratives for bisexual aging might better enable bi+ individuals to envision and effectively plan for their own aging futures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jen
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
| | - Rebecca Jones
- Open University, Milton Keynes, England, United Kingdom
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20
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Abstract
The media has consistently described older adults as the population most vulnerable to COVID-19. Anti-ageism critics have taken issue with the oft-repeated statement that “only” older adults are at risk, a construction that dismisses and devalues the nuances within this population. The purpose of this study was to analyze instances of ageism in national media sources during the first month of the COVID-19 pandemic. A systematic search returned 287 articles concerning older adults and COVID-19 published in four major newspapers in the United States—USA Today, The New York Times, Los Angeles Times, and The Washington Post—between March 11 and April 10, 2020. Combining the strengths of content analysis and critical discourse analysis, we deductively and inductively reviewed the articles for patterns related to implicit and explicit forms of ageism. While ageism was rarely discussed explicitly, ageist bias was evident in implicit reporting patterns, such as frequent use of the phrase the elderly, which was often paired with statements describing older adults as vulnerable. Infection and death rates among older adults, as well as institutionalized care practices, were among the most commonly reported topics, providing a limited portrait of aging during the pandemic. While some authors utilized a survivor narrative by portraying older adults as having survived hardships, this construction implicitly places blame on those unable to do so. Older adults, when quoted directly, produced more complex and nuanced narratives of aging during the COVID-19 pandemic. Such narratives can combat societal ageism and promote self-determination and -definition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijin Jeong
- University of Kansas School of Social Welfare, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
| | - Sarah Jen
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
| | - Hyun Kang
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
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21
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Jen S, Zhou Y, Jeong M. "You'll See": Younger Women Interviewing Older Women in Qualitative Research. J Gerontol Soc Work 2020; 63:753-767. [PMID: 32478639 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2020.1769788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the co-construction of the interview process between older adult research participants and relatively younger interviewers requires a nuanced analysis of positioning, reflexivity, and power within interviewing dynamics, accounting for differences in historical context and lived experience. Guided by a feminist life span approach, this study examined interviewing dynamics between a younger woman interviewer and older women research participants, ages 57-93 (mean = 65.3), in two qualitative studies completed five years apart. Four themes emerged: 1) contrasting experiences drew explicit attention to discrepancies in historical context, age, and life experience between participants and the interviewer. Similarities often arose in the theme of 2) invoking expertise in which participants oriented to or invoked their own expertise in their life story and experiences and the interviewer's expertise in research, sexuality studies, and social services. Participants enacted 3) demonstrating care, by prioritizing the researcher's goals, offering advice, and expressing hopes for younger generations. Finally, 4) the participants and researcher used distinctive conversational strategies when addressing challenging or sensitive topics. This paper contributes a needed analysis of age-related dynamics in qualitative research as well as indicating potential strategies to inform reflexive cross-generational conversations in gerontological research and practice more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jen
- University of Kansas School of Social Welfare , Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Yuanjin Zhou
- University of Washington School of Social Work , Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mijin Jeong
- University of Kansas School of Social Welfare , Lawrence, KS, USA
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22
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Valenti KG, Jen S, Parajuli J, Arbogast A, Jacobsen AL, Kunkel S. Experiences of Palliative and End-of-Life Care among Older LGBTQ Women: A Review of Current Literature. J Palliat Med 2020; 23:1532-1539. [DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2019.0639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Korijna G. Valenti
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Sarah Jen
- School of Social Work, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Jyotsana Parajuli
- College of Nursing, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Annabelle Arbogast
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Suzanne Kunkel
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
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Bagwell-Gray ME, Jen S, Schuetz N. How Intimate Partner Violence and Intersectional Identities Converge to Influence Women's Sexual Health across Environmental Contexts. Soc Work 2020; 65:349-357. [PMID: 33011806 DOI: 10.1093/sw/swaa031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this qualitative study, authors examine women's sexual risk and protective factors based on their experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) and positioning within society relative to power. This analysis examines sexual risk and protective factors across intersectional identities-including gender, race, socioeconomic conditions, and age-among women survivors of IPV. The sample (N = 28) included women of diverse ages (range = 22-60 years) and races (57 percent White, 14 percent African American, 11 percent Hispanic, 7 percent Native American, 7 percent multiracial, and 4 percent South Asian). Findings demonstrated that IPV experiences differentially affect women's sexual health according to intersectional identities and across various levels of environmental context by influencing the (in)stability of their lives and their experiences of (dis)empowerment. This analysis offers a nuanced understanding of how social workers can support women in planning for their own sexual health and safety and shows how an intersectional feminist framework enriches our understanding of the grand challenge to "build healthy relationships to end violence."
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Jen
- School of Social Welfare, University of Kansas, Lawrence
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Paceley MS, Sattler P, Goffnett J, Jen S. "It feels like home": Transgender youth in the Midwest and conceptualizations of community climate. J Community Psychol 2020; 48:1863-1881. [PMID: 32419150 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Community climate toward sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth is associated with higher rates of victimization and poorer health and wellbeing-related outcomes such as depression and suicidal ideation. However, this field of research has underemphasized the experiences of transgender youth, particularly within the Midwestern context which is marked by vast rurality and characterized as sociopolitically conservative. Using qualitative and community-based methods, this study identified factors that impact community climate from the perspective of transgender youth (n = 19) in the Midwest and situated them within the Ecological Systems Theory (EST). Thematic analysis of interviews revealed four themes: resources, visibility, policies, and ideologies. Themes often crossed levels within the EST, indicating the complexity and interrelated nature of climate across local, regional, and national contexts. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan S Paceley
- University of Kansas School of Social Welfare, Lawrence, Kansas
| | | | - Jacob Goffnett
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign School of Social Work, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Sarah Jen
- University of Kansas School of Social Welfare, Lawrence, Kansas
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Jen S, Stewart D, Woody I. Serving LGBTQ+/SGL Elders during the Novel Corona Virus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Striving for Justice, Recognizing Resilience. J Gerontol Soc Work 2020; 63:607-610. [PMID: 32672139 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2020.1793255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jen
- School of Social Welfare, University of Kansas , Lawrence, KS, USA,
| | - Dan Stewart
- Human Rights Campaign Foundation , Washington, DC, USA
| | - Imani Woody
- Mary's House for Older Adults , Washington, DC, USA
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Jen S, Zhou Y, Jeong M. YOU’LL SEE: YOUNGER RESEARCHERS INTERVIEWING OLDER PARTICIPANTS. Innov Aging 2019. [PMCID: PMC6846161 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igz038.2597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In qualitative research, similarities and differences between the participant and researcher influence the research process and dynamics. Specifically, the age difference between older participants and relatively younger qualitative researchers is a common, but under-examined dynamic requiring nuanced, reflexive analysis. Using a life course conceptual framing, this study explored age-related participant-researcher dynamics in interviews from two qualitative studies of older women’s sexual experiences in later life. Participants included 25 women whose ages ranged from 55 to 93 and both studies were completed by the same researcher, a relatively younger woman (age 23 and 28 at times of data collection). A thematic analysis revealed three primary themes: 1) taking care - participants took care of the researcher by offering advice, asking about the researcher’s life, and expressing hopes for a positive future, 2) expertise – varied expertise was demonstrated by the researcher (e.g. substantive and scholarly) and participants (e.g. life experience), and 3) researcher growth - the researcher’s interviewing tactics shifted between the two studies (e.g. use of validation rather than consolation in response to aging-related concerns), indicating a shift in perceptions of aging and later life. Findings indicate that older women participants and younger women researchers are bound together through the life course, by shared gendered experiences, the fact that one will eventually become the other, and the mutual sharing of expertise and caring. Gerontology researchers must actively reflect on the impact of their own identities and aging perceptions on the interviewing process in order to enhance rigor in qualitative research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jen
- University of Kansas School of Social Welfare, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
| | - Yuanjin Zhou
- University of Washington School of Social Work, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Mijin Jeong
- University of Kansas School of Social Welfare, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
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Jen S. HARDWIRED BIOLOGY AND LIGHT-BULB MOMENTS: DIVERGENT DISCOURSES AND LIFE TRAJECTORIES OF OLDER BISEXUAL WOMEN. Innov Aging 2019. [PMCID: PMC6845986 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igz038.3044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Older bisexual women report a less positive sense of their sexual identity, less belonging in LGBTQ communities, and worse mental health outcomes compared to lesbian counterparts. These patterns are consistent with those identified among younger bisexual cohorts and appear to be connected to how bisexual identities are perceived and experienced; however, sexual identities take on unique meaning by gender and age and across historical contexts. To explore how older bisexual women construct and make meaning out of bisexual identities, this study applied a Foucauldian discursive and critical feminist conceptual framing to examine semi-structured interviews with bisexual women ages 60 and older (N=13). Findings reveal two divergent groups of women, the Early Emergers and Mature Migrators, who differ in their constructions of bisexuality and the timing of their first experienced attractions to other women. While the Early Emergers construct bisexuality as a stable, “hardwired” biological concept, the Mature Migrators challenge this narrative by emphasizing the fluidity of sexuality through discourses of migration spurred by “light bulb” moments in which they first recognized their attractions to women. This study illustrates the contributions of discourse analysis in revealing nuanced constructions of life course histories as well as the need for acknowledgment of life context in research and practice with older bisexual individuals. Scholars and practitioners must intentionally critique and contribute to discourses of bisexuality in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jen
- University of Kansas School of Social Welfare, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
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28
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Jen S. The Short Guide to Aging and Gerontology by Kate De Medeiros. J Gerontol Soc Work 2019; 62:597-600. [PMID: 30698103 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2019.1575306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jen
- School of Social Welfare, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas , USA
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Abstract
Social research in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) aging is a rapidly growing field, but an examination of the use of theory has not yet been conducted for its impact on the field's direction. We conducted a systematic review of empirical articles published in LGBTQ aging in the years 2009-2017 ( N = 102). Using a typology of theory use in scholarly articles, we analyzed these articles for the types of theories being used, the degree to which theories were used in each article, and the analytical function they served. We found that 52% of articles consistently applied theory, 23% implied or partially applied theory, and 25% presented as atheoretical. A wide range of theories were used and served multiple analytical functions such as concept development and explanation of findings. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of theory use in this body of literature, especially with respect to implications for future knowledge development in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Jen
- School of Social Welfare, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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Abstract
Research on bisexual histories and identities in later life is limited and reflects only single-nation studies. This article compares findings from two independently conducted studies of bisexual aging, in the United Kingdom and the United States, using a discourse analytic and life course perspective. The goals were to compare how participants narrated and made sense of their bisexual experiences in later life and to examine ways in which historical and cultural contexts shaped their accounts. Findings indicate that similar histories around lesbian separatism and the HIV/AIDS epidemic enabled shared discursive resources, while differing ethnic and racial relations enabled distinctive discursive possibilities. In both studies intersectional experiences, particularly including being a person of color and having a transgender history, profoundly affected individual narratives. Future research will benefit from creative conceptualizations of bisexuality, applying the life course perspective in research and practice, and supporting the diverse and resilient ways bisexual older adults use language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jen
- University of Kansas School of Social Welfare, Lawrence, KS, USA
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Fredriksen Goldsen KI, Jen S, Muraco A. Iridescent Life Course: LGBTQ Aging Research and Blueprint for the Future - A Systematic Review. Gerontology 2019; 65:253-274. [PMID: 30826811 DOI: 10.1159/000493559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND LGBTQ* (lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer) older adults are demographically diverse and growing populations. In an earlier 25-year review of the literature on sexual orientation and aging, we identified four waves of research that addressed dispelling negative stereotypes, psychosocial adjustment to aging, identity development, and social and community-based support in the lives of LGBTQ older adults. OBJECTIVES The current review was designed to develop an evidence base for the field of LGBTQ aging as well as to assess the strengths and limitations of the existing research and to articulate a blueprint for future research. METHODS Using a life course framework, we applied a systematic narrative analysis of research on LGBTQ aging. The review included 66 empirical peer-reviewed journal articles (2009-2016) focusing on LGBTQ adults aged 50 years and older, as well as age-based comparisons (50 years and older with those younger). RESULTS A recent wave of research on the health and well-being of LGBTQ older adults was identified. Since the prior review, the field has grown rapidly. Several findings were salient, including the increas-ed application of theory (with critical theories most often used) and more varied research designs and methods. While -existing life course theory provided a structure for the investigation of the social dimensions of LGBTQ aging, it was limited in its attention to intersectionality and the psychological, behavioral, and biological work emerging in the field. There were few studies addressing the oldest in these -communities, bisexuals, gender non-binary older adults, intersex, -older adults of color, and those living in poverty. -Conclusions: The Iridescent Life Course framework highlights the interplay of light and environment, creating dynamic and fluid colors as perceived from different angles and perspectives over time. Such an approach incorporates both queering and trans-forming the life course, capturing intersectionality, fluidity over time, and the psychological, behavioral, and biological as well as social dimensions of LGBTQ aging. Work is needed that investigates trauma, differing configurations of risks and resources over the life course, inequities and opportunities in representation and capital as LGBTQ adults age, and greater attention to subgroups that remain largely invisible in existing research. More depth than breadth is imperative for the field, and multilevel, longitudinal, and global initiatives are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Jen
- School of Social Welfare, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Anna Muraco
- Department of Sociology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- V Fabbre
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - S Jen
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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33
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Jen S. DISCOURSES OF BISEXUALITY AMONG OLDER WOMEN. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Fredriksen-Goldsen KI, Jen S, Bryan AEB, Goldsen J. Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's Disease, and Other Dementias in the Lives of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Older Adults and Their Caregivers: Needs and Competencies. J Appl Gerontol 2018; 37:545-569. [PMID: 27729400 PMCID: PMC5383534 DOI: 10.1177/0733464816672047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and other dementias are important health concerns for older adults. As a marginalized and growing segment of the older adult population, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) older adults face distinct risk factors related to cognitive impairment and dementias, including social isolation, discrimination, barriers to health care access, limited availability of and support for caregivers, and higher rates of certain chronic illnesses. We examine cognitive impairment and dementias among LGBT older adults, describe their unique risk factors, and outline key competencies for health care and human service providers to ensure culturally relevant care for LGBT older adults experiencing cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, or other dementias, as well as their caregivers, families, and communities. Implications include developing an awareness of the context of LGBT older adults' lives and relationships, the importance of early detection and support, and the development of policies and practices that promote community-level advocacy and education.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Jen
- University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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Fredriksen-Goldsen KI, Bryan AEB, Jen S, Goldsen J, Kim HJ, Muraco A. The Unfolding of LGBT Lives: Key Events Associated With Health and Well-being in Later Life. Gerontologist 2017; 57:S15-S29. [PMID: 28087792 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnw185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Life events are associated with the health and well-being of older adults. Using the Health Equity Promotion Model, this article explores historical and environmental context as it frames life experiences and adaptation of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) older adults. DESIGN AND METHODS This was the largest study to date of LGBT older adults to identify life events related to identity development, work, and kin relationships and their associations with health and quality of life (QOL). Using latent profile analysis (LPA), clusters of life events were identified and associations between life event clusters were tested. RESULTS On average, LGBT older adults first disclosed their identities in their 20s; many experienced job-related discrimination. More had been in opposite-sex marriage than in same-sex marriage. Four clusters emerged: "Retired Survivors" were the oldest and one of the most prevalent groups; "Midlife Bloomers" first disclosed their LGBT identities in mid-40s, on average; "Beleaguered At-Risk" had high rates of job-related discrimination and few social resources; and "Visibly Resourced" had a high degree of identity visibility and were socially and economically advantaged. Clusters differed significantly in mental and physical health and QOL, with the Visibly Resourced faring best and Beleaguered At-Risk faring worst on most indicators; Retired Survivors and Midlife Bloomers showed similar health and QOL. IMPLICATIONS Historical and environmental contexts frame normative and non-normative life events. Future research will benefit from the use of longitudinal data and an assessment of timing and sequencing of key life events in the lives of LGBT older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah Jen
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Jayn Goldsen
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Hyun-Jun Kim
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Anna Muraco
- Department of Sociology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California
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Kim HJ, Jen S, Fredriksen-Goldsen KI. Race/Ethnicity and Health-Related Quality of Life Among LGBT Older Adults. Gerontologist 2017; 57:S30-S39. [PMID: 28087793 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnw172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Few existing studies have addressed racial/ethnic differences in the health and quality of life of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) older adults. Guided by the Health Equity Promotion Model, this study examines health-promoting and health risk factors that contribute to racial/ethnic health disparities among LGBT adults aged 50 and older. DESIGN AND METHODS We utilized weighted survey data from Aging with Pride: National Health, Aging, and Sexuality/Gender Study. By applying multiple mediator models, we analyzed the indirect effects of race/ethnicity on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) via demographics, lifetime LGBT-related discrimination, and victimization, and socioeconomic, identity-related, spiritual, and social resources. RESULTS Although African Americans and Hispanics, compared with non-Hispanic Whites, reported lower physical HRQOL and comparable psychological HRQOL, indirect pathways between race/ethnicity and HRQOL were observed. African Americans and Hispanics had lower income, educational attainment, identity affirmation, and social support, which were associated with a decrease in physical and psychological HRQOL. African Americans had higher lifetime LGBT-related discrimination, which was linked to a decrease in their physical and psychological HRQOL. African Americans and Hispanics had higher spirituality, which was associated with an increase in psychological HRQOL. IMPLICATIONS Findings illustrate the importance of identifying both health-promoting and health risk factors to understand ways to maximize the health potential of racially and ethnically diverse LGBT older adults. Interventions aimed at health equity should be tailored to bolster identity affirmation and social networks of LGBT older adults of color and to support strengths, including spiritual resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jun Kim
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle.
| | - Sarah Jen
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle
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Goldsen J, Bryan AEB, Kim HJ, Muraco A, Jen S, Fredriksen-Goldsen KI. Who Says I Do: The Changing Context of Marriage and Health and Quality of Life for LGBT Older Adults. Gerontologist 2017; 57:S50-S62. [PMID: 28087795 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnw174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Until recently, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) adults were excluded from full participation in civil marriage. The purpose of this study is to examine how legal marriage and relationship status are associated with health-promoting and at-risk factors, health, and quality of life of LGBT adults aged 50 and older. DESIGN AND METHODS We utilized weighted survey data from Aging with Pride: National Health, Aging, and Sexuality/Gender Study (NHAS) participants who resided in states with legalized same-sex marriage in 2014 (N = 1,821). Multinomial logistic regression was conducted to examine differences by relationship status (legally married, unmarried partnered, single) in economic and social resources; LGBT contextual and identity factors; health; and quality of life. RESULTS We found 24% were legally married, and 26% unmarried partnered; one-half were single. Those legally married reported better quality of life and more economic and social resources than unmarried partnered; physical health indicators were similar between legally married and unmarried partnered. Those single reported poorer health and fewer resources than legally married and unmarried partnered. Among women, being legally married was associated with more LGBT microaggressions. IMPLICATIONS LGBT older adults, and practitioners serving them, should become educated about how legal same-sex marriage interfaces with the context of LGBT older adults' lives, and policies and protections related to age and sexual and gender identity. Longitudinal research is needed to understand factors contributing to decisions to marry, including short- and long-term economic, social, and health outcomes associated with legal marriage among LGBT older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayn Goldsen
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle.
| | | | - Hyun-Jun Kim
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Anna Muraco
- Department of Sociology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sarah Jen
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle
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Jen S. SEXUALITY OF MIDLIFE AND OLDER WOMEN: USES OF THEORY IN RESEARCH. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Jen
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Kim HJ, Acey K, Guess A, Jen S, Fredriksen-Goldsen KI. A Collaboration for Health and Wellness: GRIOT Circle and Caring and Aging with Pride. Generations 2017; 40:49-55. [PMID: 28435182 PMCID: PMC5396960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite growing racial and ethnic diversity among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) older adults in the United States, LGBTQ older adults of color largely are invisible in aging services, research, and public policy. GRIOT Circle and Caring and Aging with Pride are pioneering efforts in community-based services and research. This article describes innovative and effective ways to reach and serve LGBTQ older adults of color, how research can be designed collaboratively to address strengths and disparities in social, health, and economic well-being, and barriers to accessing aging services in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jun Kim
- Aging with Pride: National Health, Aging, Sexuality and Gender Study at the School of Social Work, University of Washington in Seattle
| | - Katherine Acey
- Barnard College Center for Research on Women. She is the former executive director of GRIOT Circle in Brooklyn, New York, and serves an advisor to the organization
| | | | - Sarah Jen
- Aging with Pride, and a doctoral student in the School of Social Work at the University of Washington
| | - Karen I Fredriksen-Goldsen
- Hartford Center of Excellence at the School of Social Work, University of Washington. She also is a principal investigator of Aging with Pride: National Health, Aging, Sexuality and Gender Study
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jen
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jen
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Rotem E, Jen S, Chi A, Dunlap R. Impact of interventional radiology interest group meetings on medical student interest in interventional radiology as a specialty. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.12.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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43
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Jen S, Rotem E, Bowers G, Cannell J. Patients’ dose reduction technique as measured by fellow radiation doses. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.12.698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Jen S, Rotem E, Chi A, Dunlap R. Impact of an interventional radiology interest group on medical student interest in interventional radiology as a specialty. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.12.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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45
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Marks BW, Sheddrick DW, Jen S. Impact of SAW device passivation on RF performance. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 2001; 48:1362-1366. [PMID: 11570761 DOI: 10.1109/58.949745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Passivation layers consisting of sputtered A12O3 have been deposited onto SAW devices for the purpose of reducing the incidence of shorts. A coupling-of-modes model was used with one-port resonators, coupled resonator filters (CRF), and test structures. The passivation layer stiffens the surface with a velocity increase proportional to tau/lambda, where tau is the passivation layer thickness. Attenuation is increased slightly, producing a 0.25-dB increase in the loss of a one-port resonator at 314 MHz. The effect on reflectivity is minimal and of much lesser importance to the designer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Marks
- RF Monolithics, Inc, Dallas, TX 75244, USA.
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46
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Skeiky YA, Ovendale PJ, Jen S, Alderson MR, Dillon DC, Smith S, Wilson CB, Orme IM, Reed SG, Campos-Neto A. T cell expression cloning of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene encoding a protective antigen associated with the early control of infection. J Immunol 2000; 165:7140-9. [PMID: 11120845 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.12.7140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Infection of C57BL/6 mice with Mycobacterium tuberculosis results in the development of a progressive disease during the first 2 wk after challenge. Thereafter, the disease is controlled by the emergence of protective T cells. We have used this infection model in conjunction with direct T cell expression cloning to identify Ags involved with the early control of the disease. A protective M. tuberculosis-specific CD4 T cell line derived from mice at 3 wk postchallenge was used to directly screen an M. tuberculosis genomic expression library. This screen resulted in the identification of a genomic clone comprising two putative adjacent genes with predicted open reading frames of 10 and 41 kDa, MTB10 and MTB41, respectively (the products of Rv0916c and Rv0915c, respectively, in the TubercuList H37Rv database). MTB10 and MTB41 belong to the PE and PPE family of proteins recently identified to comprise 10% of the M. tuberculosis genome. Evaluation of the recombinant proteins revealed that MTB41, but not MTB10, is the Ag recognized by the cell line and by M. tuberculosis-sensitized human PBMC. Moreover, C57BL/6 mice immunized with MTB41 DNA developed both CD4- (predominantly Th1) and CD8-specific T cell responses to rMTB41 protein. More importantly, immunization of C57BL/6 mice with MTB41 DNA induced protection against infection with M. tuberculosis comparable to that induced by bacillus Calmette-Guérin. Thus, the use of a proven protective T cell line in conjunction with the T cell expression cloning approach resulted in the identification of a candidate Ag for a subunit vaccine against tuberculosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Bacterial/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Bacterial/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Bacterial/genetics
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- BCG Vaccine/administration & dosage
- BCG Vaccine/genetics
- BCG Vaccine/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Culture Techniques
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Cloning, Molecular/methods
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/immunology
- Genomic Library
- Humans
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- Tuberculosis/genetics
- Tuberculosis/immunology
- Tuberculosis/prevention & control
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Y A Skeiky
- Corixa Corporation, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
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Coler RN, Skeiky YA, Ovendale PJ, Vedvick TS, Gervassi L, Guderian J, Jen S, Reed SG, Campos-Neto A. Cloning of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene encoding a purifed protein derivative protein that elicits strong tuberculosis-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity. J Infect Dis 2000; 182:224-33. [PMID: 10882601 DOI: 10.1086/315677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/1999] [Revised: 03/03/2000] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test has been used for the diagnosis of tuberculosis for more than 75 years. However, the test lacks specificity because all mycobacteria share antigens present in PPD. Therefore, sensitization with nontuberculous pathogenic or with environmental nonpathogenic mycobacteria can lead to positive skin tests. This communication describes a novel PPD protein present only in tuberculous complex mycobacteria. A recombinant protein was obtained and named DPPD on the basis of the first 4 amino acids of its N-terminus sequence. DPPD elicited delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in 100% of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected guinea pigs but in no animals sensitized with several organisms representative of all members of the Mycobacterium genus. Preliminary results indicate that DPPD induces strong and specific DTH in humans. This work points to the definition of a single recombinant M. tuberculosis protein that may be an alternative to the PPD test.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Coler
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
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Bhatia A, Daifalla NS, Jen S, Badaro R, Reed SG, Skeiky YA. Cloning, characterization and serological evaluation of K9 and K26: two related hydrophilic antigens of Leishmania chagasi. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1999; 102:249-61. [PMID: 10498181 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-6851(99)00098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We report here the molecular cloning and characterization of two related hydrophilic antigens of Leishmania chagasi. These two antigens have predicted molecular weights of approximately 9 and 26 kDa and detect antibodies in sera of patients with kala-azar (k). Thus, to maintain consistency with nomenclature of the previously described 39 kDa diagnostic antigen of L. chagasi (k39 [1]), these antigens are being referred to as k9 and k26. A significant difference between k9 and k26 is the presence of 11 copies of a 14 amino acid repeat in the open reading frame of k26. The region flanking the repeats of k26 shares a 69% identity with the open reading frame of k9. The recombinant proteins encoded by both antigens are very hydrophilic and show aberrant migration on SDS PAGE. Results of Southern blot analysis reveal that k9 and k26 are conserved to varying degrees among various Leishmania species. Interestingly, the repeat region of k26 is specific to L. chagasi and L. donovani while the flanking region is conserved among several other species. Transcript levels of k26 are significantly upregulated in the amastigote stage of the parasite. Our results show that recombinant K26 is specific in detecting antibodies in infection sera from visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients. Thus rK26 may complement rK39 in a more accurate diagnosis of VL in the old and the new world.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, Protozoan/chemistry
- Antigens, Protozoan/genetics
- Antigens, Protozoan/immunology
- Antigens, Protozoan/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Southern
- Cloning, Molecular
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Genes, Protozoan
- Humans
- Leishmania/genetics
- Leishmania/growth & development
- Leishmania/immunology
- Leishmania major/genetics
- Leishmania major/immunology
- Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Open Reading Frames/genetics
- Rabbits
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bhatia
- Corixa Corporation, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
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Patkowski A, Jen S, Chu B. Intensity-fluctuation spectroscopy and tRNA conformation. II. Changes of size and shape of tRNA in the melting process. Biopolymers 1978. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.1978.360171112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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50
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Jen S. Effects of isoproterenol, dl-propranolol and d-propranolol on the A-V transmission and the A-V nodal transmembrane action potential. Jpn Heart J 1973; 14:53-70. [PMID: 4146232 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.14.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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