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Siddle KJ, Eromon P, Barnes KG, Mehta S, Oguzie JU, Odia I, Schaffner SF, Winnicki SM, Shah RR, Qu J, Wohl S, Brehio P, Iruolagbe C, Aiyepada J, Uyigue E, Akhilomen P, Okonofua G, Ye S, Kayode T, Ajogbasile F, Uwanibe J, Gaye A, Momoh M, Chak B, Kotliar D, Carter A, Gladden-Young A, Freije CA, Omoregie O, Osiemi B, Muoebonam EB, Airende M, Enigbe R, Ebo B, Nosamiefan I, Oluniyi P, Nekoui M, Ogbaini-Emovon E, Garry RF, Andersen KG, Park DJ, Yozwiak NL, Akpede G, Ihekweazu C, Tomori O, Okogbenin S, Folarin OA, Okokhere PO, MacInnis BL, Sabeti PC, Happi CT. Genomic Analysis of Lassa Virus during an Increase in Cases in Nigeria in 2018. N Engl J Med 2018; 379:1745-1753. [PMID: 30332564 PMCID: PMC6181183 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1804498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
During 2018, an unusual increase in Lassa fever cases occurred in Nigeria, raising concern among national and international public health agencies. We analyzed 220 Lassa virus genomes from infected patients, including 129 from the 2017-2018 transmission season, to understand the viral populations underpinning the increase. A total of 14 initial genomes from 2018 samples were generated at Redeemer's University in Nigeria, and the findings were shared with the Nigerian Center for Disease Control in real time. We found that the increase in cases was not attributable to a particular Lassa virus strain or sustained by human-to-human transmission. Instead, the data were consistent with ongoing cross-species transmission from local rodent populations. Phylogenetic analysis also revealed extensive viral diversity that was structured according to geography, with major rivers appearing to act as barriers to migration of the rodent reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Siddle
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Philomena Eromon
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Kayla G Barnes
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Samar Mehta
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Judith U Oguzie
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Ikponmwosa Odia
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Stephen F Schaffner
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Sarah M Winnicki
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Rickey R Shah
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - James Qu
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Shirlee Wohl
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Patrick Brehio
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Christopher Iruolagbe
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - John Aiyepada
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Eghosa Uyigue
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Patience Akhilomen
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Grace Okonofua
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Simon Ye
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Tolulope Kayode
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Fehintola Ajogbasile
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Jessica Uwanibe
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Amy Gaye
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Mambu Momoh
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Bridget Chak
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Dylan Kotliar
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Amber Carter
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Adrianne Gladden-Young
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Catherine A Freije
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Omigie Omoregie
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Blessing Osiemi
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Ekene B Muoebonam
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Michael Airende
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Rachael Enigbe
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Benevolence Ebo
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Iguosadolo Nosamiefan
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Paul Oluniyi
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Mahan Nekoui
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Ephraim Ogbaini-Emovon
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Robert F Garry
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Kristian G Andersen
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Daniel J Park
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Nathan L Yozwiak
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - George Akpede
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Chikwe Ihekweazu
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Oyewale Tomori
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Sylvanus Okogbenin
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Onikepe A Folarin
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Peter O Okokhere
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Bronwyn L MacInnis
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Pardis C Sabeti
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
| | - Christian T Happi
- From the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.M., S.F.S., S.M.W., R.R.S., J.Q., S.W., P.B., S.Y., B.C., D.K., A.C., A.G.-Y., C.A.F., D.J.P., N.L.Y., B.L.M., P.C.S.), the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (K.J.S., K.G.B., S.F.S., S.W., B.C., D.K., C.A.F., N.L.Y., P.C.S.), and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (M.N.), Harvard University, Harvard University Extension School (R.R.S.), and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT (S.Y., P.C.S.), Cambridge, and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (K.G.B., S.F.S., B.L.M., P.C.S., C.T.H.), and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases (S.M.), Boston - all in Massachusetts; the African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (P.E., J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., A.G., M.M., I.N., P.O., O.T., O.A.F., C.T.H.) and the Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences (J.U.O., E.U., T.K., F.A., J.U., P.O., O.A.F., C.T.H.), Redeemer's University, Ede, the Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control (I.O., C. Iruolagbe, J.A., E.U., P.A., G.O., O.O., B.O., E.B.M., M.A., R.E., B.E., E.O.-E., G.A., S.O., P.O.O., C.T.H.) and the Department of Medicine (P.O.O.), Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, the Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja (C. Ihekweazu), and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (P.O.O.) - all in Nigeria; the Laboratory of Parasitology/Mycology HALD, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (A.G.); Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone (M.M.); Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans (R.F.G.); the Departments of Immunology and Microbial Science and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, and the Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA (K.G.A.); and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (P.C.S.)
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