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Fu Y, Kelly JA, Gopalakrishnan J, Pelikan RC, Tessneer KL, Pasula S, Grundahl K, Murphy DA, Gaffney PM. Massively parallel reporter assay confirms regulatory potential of hQTLs and reveals important variants in lupus and other autoimmune diseases. HGG Adv 2024; 5:100279. [PMID: 38389303 PMCID: PMC10943488 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2024.100279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We designed a massively parallel reporter assay (MPRA) in an Epstein-Barr virus transformed B cell line to directly characterize the potential for histone post-translational modifications, i.e., histone quantitative trait loci (hQTLs), expression QTLs (eQTLs), and variants on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and autoimmune (AI) disease risk haplotypes to modulate regulatory activity in an allele-dependent manner. Our study demonstrates that hQTLs, as a group, are more likely to modulate regulatory activity in an MPRA compared with other variant classes tested, including a set of eQTLs previously shown to interact with hQTLs and tested AI risk variants. In addition, we nominate 17 variants (including 11 previously unreported) as putative causal variants for SLE and another 14 for various other AI diseases, prioritizing these variants for future functional studies in primary and immortalized B cells. Thus, we uncover important insights into the mechanistic relationships among genotype, epigenetics, and gene expression in SLE and AI disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Fu
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jennifer A Kelly
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jaanam Gopalakrishnan
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Neuro-Immune Regulome Unit, National Eye Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard C Pelikan
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Kandice L Tessneer
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Satish Pasula
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Kiely Grundahl
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - David A Murphy
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Patrick M Gaffney
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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Fu Y, Kelly JA, Gopalakrishnan J, Pelikan RC, Tessneer KL, Pasula S, Grundahl K, Murphy DA, Gaffney PM. Massively Parallel Reporter Assay Confirms Regulatory Potential of hQTLs and Reveals Important Variants in Lupus and Other Autoimmune Diseases. bioRxiv 2023:2023.08.17.553722. [PMID: 37645944 PMCID: PMC10462090 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.17.553722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Objective To systematically characterize the potential for histone post-translational modifications, i.e., histone quantitative trait loci (hQTLs), expression QTLs (eQTLs), and variants on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and autoimmune (AI) disease risk haplotypes to modulate gene expression in an allele dependent manner. Methods We designed a massively parallel reporter assay (MPRA) containing ~32K variants and transfected it into an Epstein-Barr virus transformed B cell line generated from an SLE case. Results Our study expands our understanding of hQTLs, illustrating that epigenetic QTLs are more likely to contribute to functional mechanisms than eQTLs and other variant types, and a large proportion of hQTLs overlap transcription start sites (TSS) of noncoding RNAs. In addition, we nominate 17 variants (including 11 novel) as putative causal variants for SLE and another 14 for various other AI diseases, prioritizing these variants for future functional studies primary and immortalized B cells. Conclusion We uncover important insights into the mechanistic relationships between genotype, epigenetics, gene expression, and SLE and AI disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Fu
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Jennifer A Kelly
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Jaanam Gopalakrishnan
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Neuro-Immune Regulome Unit, National Eye Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Richard C Pelikan
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Kandice L Tessneer
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Satish Pasula
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Kiely Grundahl
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - David A Murphy
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Patrick M Gaffney
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
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Pasula S, Gopalakrishnan J, Fu Y, Tessneer KL, Wiley MM, Pelikan RC, Kelly JA, Gaffney PM. Systemic lupus erythematosus variants modulate the function of an enhancer upstream of TNFAIP3. Front Genet 2022; 13:1011965. [PMID: 36199584 PMCID: PMC9527318 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1011965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TNFAIP3/A20 is a prominent autoimmune disease risk locus that is correlated with hypomorphic TNFAIP3 expression and exhibits complex chromatin architecture with over 30 predicted enhancers. This study aimed to functionally characterize an enhancer ∼55 kb upstream of the TNFAIP3 promoter marked by the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) risk haplotype index SNP, rs10499197. Allele effects of rs10499197, rs58905141, and rs9494868 were tested by EMSA and/or luciferase reporter assays in immune cell types. Co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP-qPCR, and 3C-qPCR were performed on patient-derived EBV B cells homozygous for the non-risk or SLE risk TNFAIP3 haplotype to assess haplotype-specific effects on transcription factor binding and chromatin regulation at the TNFAIP3 locus. This study found that the TNFAIP3 locus has a complex chromatin regulatory network that spans ∼1M bp from the promoter region of IL20RA to the 3' untranslated region of TNFAIP3. Functional dissection of the enhancer demonstrated co-dependency of the RelA/p65 and CEBPB binding motifs that, together, increase IL20RA and IFNGR1 expression and decreased TNFAIP3 expression in the context of the TNFAIP3 SLE risk haplotype through dynamic long-range interactions up- and downstream. Examination of SNPs in linkage disequilibrium (D' = 1.0) with rs10499197 identified rs9494868 as a functional SNP with risk allele-specific increase in nuclear factor binding and enhancer activation in vitro. In summary, this study demonstrates that SNPs carried on the ∼109 kb SLE risk haplotype facilitate hypermorphic IL20RA and IFNGR1 expression, while suppressing TNFAIP3 expression, adding to the mechanistic potency of this critically important locus in autoimmune disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Pasula
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jaanam Gopalakrishnan
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States,Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Yao Fu
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Kandice L. Tessneer
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Mandi M. Wiley
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Richard C. Pelikan
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Kelly
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Patrick M. Gaffney
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States,Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States,*Correspondence: Patrick M. Gaffney,
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Gopalakrishnan J, Tessneer KL, Fu Y, Pasula S, Pelikan RC, Kelly JA, Wiley GB, Gaffney PM. Variants on the UBE2L3/YDJC Autoimmune Disease Risk Haplotype Increase UBE2L3 Expression by Modulating CCCTC-Binding Factor and YY1 Binding. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:163-173. [PMID: 34279042 PMCID: PMC8712360 DOI: 10.1002/art.41925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic variants spanning UBE2L3 are associated with increased expression of the UBE2L3-encoded E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme H7 (UbcH7), which facilitates activation of proinflammatory NF-κB signaling and susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. We undertook this study to delineate how genetic variants carried on the UBE2L3/YDJC autoimmune risk haplotype function to drive hypermorphic UBE2L3 expression. METHODS We used bioinformatic analyses, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and luciferase reporter assays to identify and functionally characterize allele-specific effects of risk variants positioned in chromatin accessible regions of immune cells. Chromatin conformation capture with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (3C-qPCR), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown assays were performed on patient-derived Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cells homozygous for the UBE2L3/YDJC nonrisk or risk haplotype to determine if the risk haplotype increases UBE2L3 expression by altering the regulatory chromatin architecture in the region. RESULTS Of the 7 prioritized variants, 5 demonstrated allele-specific increases in nuclear protein binding affinity and regulatory activity. High-throughput sequencing of chromosome conformation capture coupled with ChIP (HiChIP) and 3C-qPCR uncovered a long-range interaction between the UBE2L3 promoter (rs140490, rs140491, rs11089620) and the downstream YDJC promoter (rs3747093) that was strengthened in the presence of the UBE2L3/YDJC risk haplotype, and correlated with the loss of CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) and gain of YY1 binding at the risk alleles. Depleting YY1 by siRNA disrupted the long-range interaction between the 2 promoters and reduced UBE2L3 expression. CONCLUSION The UBE2L3/YDJC autoimmune risk haplotype increases UBE2L3 expression through strengthening a YY1-mediated interaction between the UBE2L3 and YDJC promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaanam Gopalakrishnan
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Kandice L. Tessneer
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Yao Fu
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Satish Pasula
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Richard C. Pelikan
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Kelly
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Graham B. Wiley
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Patrick M. Gaffney
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed Patrick M. Gaffney, MD, Chair, Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13 Street, MS 57, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, Tel: 405-271-2572, Fax: 405-271-2536,
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Pasula S, Tessneer KL, Fu Y, Gopalakrishnan J, Pelikan RC, Kelly JA, Wiley GB, Wiley MM, Gaffney PM. Role of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Risk Variants With Opposing Functional Effects as a Driver of Hypomorphic Expression of TNIP1 and Other Genes Within a Three-Dimensional Chromatin Network. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:780-790. [PMID: 31804013 PMCID: PMC7188567 DOI: 10.1002/art.41188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic variants in the region of tumor necrosis factor-induced protein 3-interacting protein 1 (TNIP1) are associated with autoimmune disease and reduced TNIP1 gene expression. The aim of this study was to define the functional genetic mechanisms driving TNIP1 hypomorphic expression imparted by the systemic lupus erythematosus-associated TNIP1 H1 risk haplotype. METHODS Dual luciferase expression and electrophoretic mobility shift assays were used to evaluate the allelic effects of 11 risk variants on enhancer function and nuclear protein binding in immune cell line models (Epstein-Barr virus [EBV]-transformed human B cells, Jurkat cells, and THP-1 cells), left in a resting state or stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/ionomycin. HiChIP was used to define the regulatory 3-dimensional (3-D) chromatin network of the TNIP1 haplotype by detecting in situ long-range DNA contacts associated with H3K27ac-marked chromatin in EBV B cells. Then, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the expression of genes within the 3-D chromatin network. RESULTS Bioinformatics analyses of 50 single-nucleotide polymorphisms on the TNIP1 H1 risk haplotype identified 11 non-protein-coding variants with a high likelihood of influencing TNIP1 gene expression. Eight variants in EBV B cells, 5 in THP-1 cells, and 2 in Jurkat cells exhibited various allelic effects on enhancer activation, resulting in a cumulative suppressive effect on TNIP1 expression (net effect of risk variants -7.14 fold, -6.80 fold, and -2.44 fold, respectively; n > 3). Specifically, in EBV B cells, only 2 variants (rs10057690 and rs13180950) exhibited allele-specific loss of both enhancer activity and nuclear protein binding (each P < 0.01 relative to nonrisk alleles). In contrast, the rs10036748 risk allele reduced binding affinities of the transcriptional repressors basic helix-loop-helix family member 40/differentially expressed in chondrocytes 1 (bHLHe40/DEC1) (P < 0.05 relative to nonrisk alleles) and CREB-1 (P not significant) in EBV B cells, resulting in a gain of enhancer activity (P < 0.05). HiChIP and qRT-PCR analyses revealed that overall transcriptional repression of the TNIP1 haplotype extended to the neighboring genes DCTN4 and GMA2, both of which also showed decreased expression in the presence of the TNIP1 risk haplotype (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively, relative to the nonrisk haplotype); notably, it was found that these genes share a 3-D chromatin network. CONCLUSION Hypomorphic TNIP1 expression results from the combined concordant and opposing effects of multiple risk variants carried on the TNIP1 risk haplotype, with the strongest regulatory effect in B lymphoid lineage cells. Furthermore, the TNIP1 risk haplotype effect extends to neighboring genes within a shared chromatin network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Pasula
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kandice L. Tessneer
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Yao Fu
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jaanam Gopalakrishnan
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Richard C. Pelikan
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Kelly
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Graham B. Wiley
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Mandi M. Wiley
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Patrick M. Gaffney
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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6
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Wu H, Rahman HA, Dong Y, Liu X, Lee Y, Wen A, To KH, Xiao L, Birsner AE, Bazinet L, Wong S, Song K, Brophy ML, Mahamud MR, Chang B, Cai X, Pasula S, Kwak S, Yang W, Bischoff J, Xu J, Bielenberg DR, Dixon JB, D’Amato RJ, Srinivasan RS, Chen H. Epsin deficiency promotes lymphangiogenesis through regulation of VEGFR3 degradation in diabetes. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:4025-4043. [PMID: 30102256 PMCID: PMC6118634 DOI: 10.1172/jci96063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired lymphangiogenesis is a complication of chronic complex diseases, including diabetes. VEGF-C/VEGFR3 signaling promotes lymphangiogenesis, but how this pathway is affected in diabetes remains poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that loss of epsins 1 and 2 in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) prevented VEGF-C-induced VEGFR3 from endocytosis and degradation. Here, we report that diabetes attenuated VEGF-C-induced lymphangiogenesis in corneal micropocket and Matrigel plug assays in WT mice but not in mice with inducible lymphatic-specific deficiency of epsins 1 and 2 (LEC-iDKO). Consistently, LECs isolated from diabetic LEC-iDKO mice elevated in vitro proliferation, migration, and tube formation in response to VEGF-C over diabetic WT mice. Mechanistically, ROS produced in diabetes induced c-Src-dependent but VEGF-C-independent VEGFR3 phosphorylation, and upregulated epsins through the activation of transcription factor AP-1. Augmented epsins bound to and promoted degradation of newly synthesized VEGFR3 in the Golgi, resulting in reduced availability of VEGFR3 at the cell surface. Preclinically, the loss of lymphatic-specific epsins alleviated insufficient lymphangiogenesis and accelerated the resolution of tail edema in diabetic mice. Collectively, our studies indicate that inhibiting expression of epsins in diabetes protects VEGFR3 against degradation and ameliorates diabetes-triggered inhibition of lymphangiogenesis, thereby providing a novel potential therapeutic strategy to treat diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - H.N. Ashiqur Rahman
- Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yunzhou Dong
- Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Center for Vascular and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yang Lee
- Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aiyun Wen
- Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kim H.T. To
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Amy E. Birsner
- Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lauren Bazinet
- Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott Wong
- Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kai Song
- Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Megan L. Brophy
- Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - M. Riaj Mahamud
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Baojun Chang
- Vascular Medicine Institute, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Cai
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Satish Pasula
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Sukyoung Kwak
- Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wenxia Yang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Joyce Bischoff
- Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Diane R. Bielenberg
- Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J. Brandon Dixon
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert J. D’Amato
- Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - R. Sathish Srinivasan
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Brophy ML, Rahman A, Dong Y, Wu H, Tessneer KL, Pasula S, Rahman R, Ley K, Chen H. Abstract 239: Deficiency of Macrophage Epsins Impedes Atherosclerosis by Inhibiting LRP-1 Internalization and Degradation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.36.suppl_1.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Atherosclerosis is caused by the chronic activation of the vascular endothelium and immune and inflammatory cell infiltration of the vascular wall, leading to enhanced inflammation and lipid accumulation. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying this disease is critical for the development of new therapies. Epsins are a family of ubiquitin-binding endocytic adaptors. However, their role in vascular inflammation is poorly understood. Our goal is to define the novel role of epsins in regulating atherogenesis.
Methods and Results:
We engineered mice with specific deletion of epsins in myeloid cells (MΦ-DKO). Strikingly, MΦ-DKO mice on an ApoE-/- background fed western diet exhibited reduced atherosclerotic lesion and foam cell accumulation, and diminished recruitment of immune or inflammatory cells to aortas by FACS analysis. In primary macrophages, epsin deficiency impaired foam cell formation by Oil Red O staining, and suppressed the pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage phenotype but increased the anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotype by gene profiling. Epsin deficiency did not alter levels of LDL scavenger receptors, or reverse cholesterol transport proteins, but did increase total and surface levels of LRP-1, a protein with anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic properties. Mechanistically, Epsin interacts with LRP-1 via epsin’s UIM domain. LPS treatment increased LRP-1 ubiquitination and subsequent binding to epsin, suggesting that epsin promotes the ubiquitin-dependent internalization and degradation of LRP-1. Accordingly, macrophages isolated from MΦ-DKO mice on LRP-1 heterozygous background restored the pro-inflammatory phenotype.
Conclusions:
Epsins promote atherogenesis by facilitating pro-inflammatory macrophage recruitment and potentiating foam cell formation by downregulating LRP-1 implicating that targeting the epsin-LRP-1 interaction may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy to treat atheromas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Brophy
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - Ashiqur Rahman
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - Yunzhou Dong
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - Hao Wu
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - Kandice L Tessneer
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Rsch Program, Oklahoma Med Rsch Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Satish Pasula
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Rsch Program, Oklahoma Med Rsch Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Ruby Rahman
- Dept of Cell Biology, Univ of Oklahoma Health Sciences Cntr, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Klaus Ley
- Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Hong Chen
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hosp, Boston, MA
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Rahman HN, Wu H, Pasula S, Dong Y, Wen A, Sun Y, Brophy ML, Tessneer K, Cai X, Mcmanus J, Chang B, Kwak S, Chen H. Abstract 257: Selective Targeting of a Novel Epsin-VEGFR2 Interaction Promotes VEGF-mediated Angiogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.36.suppl_1.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
VEGF-induced binding of VEGFR2 to epsins 1 and 2 triggers VEGFR2 degradation and attenuates VEGF signaling. The epsin ubiquitin interacting motif (UIM) was shown to be required for the interaction with VEGFR2, however the molecular determinants that govern how epsin specifically interacts with and regulates VEGFR2 were unknown. The goals for the present study were (1) to identify critical molecular determinants that drive the specificity of the epsin and VEGFR2 interaction and (2) to ascertain if such determinants were critical for physiological angiogenesis
in vivo
.
Methods and Results:
Structural modeling uncovered two novel binding surfaces within VEGFR2 that mediate specific interactions with epsin UIM. Three glutamic acid residues in epsin UIM were found to interact with residues in VEGFR2. Further, we found that the VEGF-induced VEGFR2-epsin interaction promoted c-Cbl-mediated ubiquitination of epsin, and uncovered a previously unappreciated ubiquitin-binding surface within VEGFR2. Mutational analysis revealed that the VEGFR2-epsin interaction is supported by VEGFR2 interacting specifically with the UIM and with ubiquitinated epsin. An epsin UIM peptide, but not a mutant UIM peptide, potentiated endothelial cell proliferation, migration and angiogenic properties
in vitro
, increased postnatal retinal angiogenesis, and enhanced VEGF-induced physiological angiogenesis and wound healing.
Conclusions:
Distinct residues in the epsin UIM and VEGFR2 mediate specific interactions between epsin and VEGFR2, in addition to UIM recognition of ubiquitin moieties on VEGFR2. These novel interactions are critical for pathophysiological angiogenesis, suggesting that these sites could be selectively targeted by therapeutics to modulate angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Rahman
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - Hao Wu
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - Satish Pasula
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Med Rsch Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Yunzhou Dong
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - Aiyun Wen
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - Ye Sun
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - Megan L Brophy
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - Kandice Tessneer
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Med Rsch Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Xiaofeng Cai
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - John Mcmanus
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Med Rsch Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Baojun Chang
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Med Rsch Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Sukyoung Kwak
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - Hong Chen
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA
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9
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Dong Y, Wu H, Rahman HNA, Liu Y, Pasula S, Tessneer KL, Cai X, Liu X, Chang B, McManus J, Hahn S, Dong J, Brophy ML, Yu L, Song K, Silasi-Mansat R, Saunders D, Njoku C, Song H, Mehta-D'Souza P, Towner R, Lupu F, McEver RP, Xia L, Boerboom D, Srinivasan RS, Chen H. Motif mimetic of epsin perturbs tumor growth and metastasis. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:1607. [PMID: 26999611 DOI: 10.1172/jci87344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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10
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Rahman HNA, Wu H, Dong Y, Pasula S, Wen A, Sun Y, Brophy ML, Tessneer KL, Cai X, McManus J, Chang B, Kwak S, Rahman NS, Xu W, Fernandes C, Mcdaniel JM, Xia L, Smith L, Srinivasan RS, Chen H. Selective Targeting of a Novel Epsin-VEGFR2 Interaction Promotes VEGF-Mediated Angiogenesis. Circ Res 2016; 118:957-969. [PMID: 26879230 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.307679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE We previously reported that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced binding of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) to epsins 1 and 2 triggers VEGFR2 degradation and attenuates VEGF signaling. The epsin ubiquitin interacting motif (UIM) was shown to be required for the interaction with VEGFR2. However, the molecular determinants that govern how epsin specifically interacts with and regulates VEGFR2 were unknown. OBJECTIVE The goals for the present study were as follows: (1) to identify critical molecular determinants that drive the specificity of the epsin and VEGFR2 interaction and (2) to ascertain whether such determinants were critical for physiological angiogenesis in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS Structural modeling uncovered 2 novel binding surfaces within VEGFR2 that mediate specific interactions with epsin UIM. Three glutamic acid residues in epsin UIM were found to interact with residues in VEGFR2. Furthermore, we found that the VEGF-induced VEGFR2-epsin interaction promoted casitas B-lineage lymphoma-mediated ubiquitination of epsin, and uncovered a previously unappreciated ubiquitin-binding surface within VEGFR2. Mutational analysis revealed that the VEGFR2-epsin interaction is supported by VEGFR2 interacting specifically with the UIM and with ubiquitinated epsin. An epsin UIM peptide, but not a mutant UIM peptide, potentiated endothelial cell proliferation, migration and angiogenic properties in vitro, increased postnatal retinal angiogenesis, and enhanced VEGF-induced physiological angiogenesis and wound healing. CONCLUSIONS Distinct residues in the epsin UIM and VEGFR2 mediate specific interactions between epsin and VEGFR2, in addition to UIM recognition of ubiquitin moieties on VEGFR2. These novel interactions are critical for pathophysiological angiogenesis, suggesting that these sites could be selectively targeted by therapeutics to modulate angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Ashiqur Rahman
- Vascular Biology Program, Karp Family Research Labs #12.214, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Vascular Biology Program, Karp Family Research Labs #12.214, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yunzhou Dong
- Vascular Biology Program, Karp Family Research Labs #12.214, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Satish Pasula
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Aiyun Wen
- Vascular Biology Program, Karp Family Research Labs #12.214, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ye Sun
- Vascular Biology Program, Karp Family Research Labs #12.214, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Megan L Brophy
- Vascular Biology Program, Karp Family Research Labs #12.214, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Kandice L Tessneer
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Cai
- Vascular Biology Program, Karp Family Research Labs #12.214, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John McManus
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Baojun Chang
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Sukyoung Kwak
- Vascular Biology Program, Karp Family Research Labs #12.214, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Negar S Rahman
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Wenjia Xu
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Conrad Fernandes
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - John Michael Mcdaniel
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Lijun Xia
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Lois Smith
- Vascular Biology Program, Karp Family Research Labs #12.214, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - R Sathish Srinivasan
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Vascular Biology Program, Karp Family Research Labs #12.214, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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11
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Dong Y, Wu H, Rahman HNA, Liu Y, Pasula S, Tessneer KL, Cai X, Liu X, Chang B, McManus J, Hahn S, Dong J, Brophy ML, Yu L, Song K, Silasi-Mansat R, Saunders D, Njoku C, Song H, Mehta-D'Souza P, Towner R, Lupu F, McEver RP, Xia L, Boerboom D, Srinivasan RS, Chen H. Motif mimetic of epsin perturbs tumor growth and metastasis. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:4349-64. [PMID: 26571402 DOI: 10.1172/jci80349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is critical for cancer progression. In multiple murine models, endothelium-specific epsin deficiency abrogates tumor progression by shifting the balance of VEGFR2 signaling toward uncontrolled tumor angiogenesis, resulting in dysfunctional tumor vasculature. Here, we designed a tumor endothelium-targeting chimeric peptide (UPI) for the purpose of inhibiting endogenous tumor endothelial epsins by competitively binding activated VEGFR2. We determined that the UPI peptide specifically targets tumor endothelial VEGFR2 through an unconventional binding mechanism that is driven by unique residues present only in the epsin ubiquitin-interacting motif (UIM) and the VEGFR2 kinase domain. In murine models of neoangiogenesis, UPI peptide increased VEGF-driven angiogenesis and neovascularization but spared quiescent vascular beds. Further, in tumor-bearing mice, UPI peptide markedly impaired functional tumor angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis, resulting in a notable increase in survival. Coadministration of UPI peptide with cytotoxic chemotherapeutics further sustained tumor inhibition. Equipped with localized tumor endothelium-specific targeting, our UPI peptide provides potential for an effective and alternative cancer therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/metabolism
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/pharmacology
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Animals
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Neoplasms, Experimental/blood supply
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Peptides/genetics
- Peptides/metabolism
- Peptides/pharmacology
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/metabolism
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12
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Pasula S, Brophy ML, Tessneer KL, Hahn S, McManus J, Zhu H, Chang B, Dong Y, Cai X, Song H, Wu H, Chen H. Abstract 307: Role of Epsins in Regulating LPS-Induced Sepsis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.35.suppl_1.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Sepsis is caused by a deleterious host response to infection, which is primarily responsible for further injury of host tissue and cause of organ dysfunction. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are still not fully understood. Our goal is to define the novel role of epsins in regulating sepsis.
Methods and Results:
We engineered global (iDKO) and endothelial cell-specific (EC-iDKO) epsin deficient mice. When treated with lethal dose of LPS, epsin deficient mice were completely protected from LPS-induced septic death. These mice also exhibited decreased expression of tissue damage biomarkers and recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages to lungs compared to wild type (WT) suggesting that epsin deficiency mitigates sepsis induced tissue injury. Epsin deficiency further reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules in the lungs suggesting that loss of epsin attenuates LPS-induced inflammatory responses. TAT complex production was also decreased in iDKO mice compared to WT indicating diminished coagulation and thrombin production. Knocking down of epsins in HUVECs resulted in reduced cell surface Tissue Factor (TF) expression. Loss of epsin in mice protected against loss of Thrombomodulin (TM), which is downregulated by sepsis. Mechanistically, loss of epsin inhibited LPS-induced TM internalization, while LPS treatment induced the ubiquitination of TM. Furthermore, co-IP of full length epsin 1 or epsin 1 without the UIM domain and TM demonstrated that UIM is required for the interaction between epsin 1 and TM. Collectively, we show that epsin-deficiency upregulates TM surface protein expression by preventing its internalization and subsequent degradation and inhibits heightened TF expression and activation under chronic inflammatory conditions such as that induced by LPS exposure.
Conclusions:
Our findings demonstrate that epsins play a key role in regulating coagulation and provide fundamental information on the modulation of the ratio of TM/TF in various thrombotic diseases including sepsis. Furthermore, we demonstrate loss of epsin protects mice against LPS-induced sepsis, suggesting a crucial role for epsins in promoting the development of LPS-induced sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Pasula
- Cardiovascular Biology, Oklahoma Med Rsch Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Megan L Brophy
- Cardiovascular Biology, Oklahoma Med Rsch Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | | | - Scott Hahn
- Cardiovascular Biology, Oklahoma Med Rsch Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - John McManus
- Cardiovascular Biology, Oklahoma Med Rsch Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Hua Zhu
- Cardiovascular Biology, Oklahoma Med Rsch Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Baojun Chang
- Cardiovascular Biology, Oklahoma Med Rsch Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Yunzhou Dong
- Cardiovascular Biology, Oklahoma Med Rsch Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Xiaofeng Cai
- Cardiovascular Biology, Oklahoma Med Rsch Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Hoogeun Song
- Cardiovascular Biology, Oklahoma Med Rsch Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Hao Wu
- Cardiovascular Biology, Oklahoma Med Rsch Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Hong Chen
- Cardiovascular Biology, Oklahoma Med Rsch Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
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13
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Pasula S, Brophy ML, Tessneer KL, Hahn S, McManus J, Zhu H, Chang B, Dong Y, Cai X, Song H, Wu H, Chen H. Abstract 33: Role of Epsins in Regulating LPS-Induced Sepsis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.35.suppl_1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Sepsis is caused by a deleterious host response to infection, which is primarily responsible for further injury of host tissue and cause of organ dysfunction. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are still not fully understood. Our goal is to define the novel role of epsins in regulating sepsis.
Methods and Results:
We engineered global (iDKO) and endothelial cell-specific (EC-iDKO) epsin deficient mice. When treated with lethal dose of LPS, epsin deficient mice were completely protected from LPS-induced septic death. These mice also exhibited decreased expression of tissue damage biomarkers and recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages to lungs compared to wild type (WT) suggesting that epsin deficiency mitigates sepsis induced tissue injury. Epsin deficiency further reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules in the lungs suggesting that loss of epsin attenuates LPS-induced inflammatory responses. TAT complex production was also decreased in iDKO mice compared to WT indicating diminished coagulation and thrombin production. Knocking down of epsins in HUVECs resulted in reduced cell surface Tissue Factor (TF) expression. Loss of epsin in mice protected against loss of Thrombomodulin (TM), which is downregulated by sepsis. Mechanistically, loss of epsin inhibited LPS-induced TM internalization, while LPS treatment induced the ubiquitination of TM. Furthermore, co-IP of full length epsin 1 or epsin 1 without the UIM domain and TM demonstrated that UIM is required for the interaction between epsin 1 and TM. Collectively, we show that epsin-deficiency upregulates TM surface protein expression by preventing its internalization and subsequent degradation and inhibits heightened TF expression and activation under chronic inflammatory conditions such as that induced by LPS exposure.
Conclusions:
Our findings demonstrate that epsins play a key role in regulating coagulation and provide fundamental information on the modulation of the ratio of TM/TF in various thrombotic diseases including sepsis. Furthermore, we demonstrate loss of epsin protects mice against LPS-induced sepsis, suggesting a crucial role for epsins in promoting the development of LPS-induced sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Pasula
- Cardiovascular Biology, Oklahoma Med Rsch Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Megan L Brophy
- Cardiovascular Biology, Oklahoma Med Rsch Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | | | - Scott Hahn
- Cardiovascular Biology, Oklahoma Med Rsch Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - John McManus
- Cardiovascular Biology, Oklahoma Med Rsch Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Hua Zhu
- Cardiovascular Biology, Oklahoma Med Rsch Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Baojun Chang
- Cardiovascular Biology, Oklahoma Med Rsch Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Yunzhou Dong
- Cardiovascular Biology, Oklahoma Med Rsch Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Xiaofeng Cai
- Cardiovascular Biology, Oklahoma Med Rsch Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Hoogeun Song
- Cardiovascular Biology, Oklahoma Med Rsch Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Hao Wu
- Cardiovascular Biology, Oklahoma Med Rsch Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Hong Chen
- Cardiovascular Biology, Oklahoma Med Rsch Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
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14
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Brophy ML, Dong Y, Tessneer KL, Song H, Pasula S, Cai X, Chang B, Wu H, Ley K, Chen H. Abstract 141: The Role of Macrophage Epsins in the Regulation of LRP-1 in Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.35.suppl_1.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Epsins are a family of ubiquitin-binding endocytic clathrin adaptors. We recently published that endothelial epsins function as critical regulators of tumor angiogenesis by controlling VEGF signaling (JCI, 2012; ATVB, 2013). Our goal is to define the novel role of epsins in macrophages in regulating atherogenesis.
Methods and Results:
We engineered mice with specific deletion of epsins in myeloid cells (MΦ-DKO). Strikingly, MΦ-DKO mice on ApoE-/- background fed western diet significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesion formation and foam cell accumulation. In macrophages, epsin deficiency did not alter LDL scavenger receptors, CD36, Lox1 or SRB1, or reverse cholesterol transport proteins, ABCA1 or ABCG1, but did significantly reduce Lucifer Yellow pinocytosis, indicating a major defect in lipid uptake. Epsin deficiency did decrease total and surface protein levels of LRP-1, a protein with anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic properties. Oil Red O staining of isolated ApoE-/-/M[[Unable to Display Character: Ф]]-DKO macrophages showed little lipid accumulation, suggesting a mechanism in which epsin deficiency impairs foam cell formation. In addition, epsin 1 and LRP-1 interact in macrophages. Furthermore, this interaction is abolished in the absence of epsin’s UIM domain and LPS treatment increases LRP-1 ubiquitination, suggesting that epsin promotes the ubiquitin-dependent internalization of LRP-1. Epsin deficiency also significantly suppressed the pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage phenotype found in plaques and increased the anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotype, thus suggesting an important pro-inflammatory role for epsins in macrophages. Our finding implicates epsin as a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis treatment.
Conclusions:
We demonstrate epsins promote atherogenesis by potentiating foam cell formation and maintaining pro-inflammatory macrophages within the atherosclerotic plaque, thus suggesting epsins as a novel therapeutic target to combat atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Brophy
- Cardiovascular Biology, Oklahoma Med Rsch Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Yunzhou Dong
- Cardiovascular Biology, Oklahoma Med Rsch Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | | | - Hoogeun Song
- Cardiovascular Biology, Oklahoma Med Rsch Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Satish Pasula
- Cardiovascular Biology, Oklahoma Med Rsch Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Xiaofeng Cai
- Cardiovascular Biology, Oklahoma Med Rsch Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Baojun Chang
- Cardiovascular Biology, Oklahoma Med Rsch Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Hao Wu
- Cardiovascular Biology, Oklahoma Med Rsch Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Klaus Ley
- Cntr for Infectious Disease, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Hong Chen
- Cardiovascular Biology, Oklahoma Med Rsch Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
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15
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Chang B, Tessneer KL, McManus J, Liu X, Hahn S, Pasula S, Wu H, Song H, Chen Y, Cai X, Dong Y, Brophy ML, Rahman R, Ma JX, Xia L, Chen H. Epsin is required for Dishevelled stability and Wnt signalling activation in colon cancer development. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6380. [PMID: 25871009 PMCID: PMC4397653 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled canonical Wnt signalling supports colon epithelial tumour expansion and malignant transformation. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms involved is crucial for elucidating the pathogenesis of and will provide new therapeutic targets for colon cancer. Epsins are ubiquitin-binding adaptor proteins upregulated in several human cancers; however, the involvement of epsins in colon cancer is unknown. Here we show that loss of intestinal epithelial epsins protects against colon cancer by significantly reducing the stability of the crucial Wnt signalling effector, dishevelled (Dvl2), and impairing Wnt signalling. Consistently, epsins and Dvl2 are correspondingly upregulated in colon cancer. Mechanistically, epsin binds Dvl2 via its epsin N-terminal homology domain and ubiquitin-interacting motifs and prohibits Dvl2 polyubiquitination and degradation. Our findings reveal an unconventional role for epsins in stabilizing Dvl2 and potentiating Wnt signalling in colon cancer cells to ensure robust colon cancer progression. The pro-carcinogenic role of Epsins suggests that they are potential therapeutic targets to combat colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojun Chang
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Kandice L Tessneer
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - John McManus
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- 1] Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA [2] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Scott Hahn
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Satish Pasula
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Hoogeun Song
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Yiyuan Chen
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Cai
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Yunzhou Dong
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Megan L Brophy
- 1] Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA [2] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Ruby Rahman
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Harold Hamm Oklahoma Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Lijun Xia
- 1] Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA [2] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- 1] Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA [2] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
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16
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Liu X, Pasula S, Song H, Tessneer KL, Dong Y, Hahn S, Yago T, Brophy ML, Chang B, Cai X, Wu H, McManus J, Ichise H, Georgescu C, Wren JD, Griffin C, Xia L, Srinivasan RS, Chen H. Temporal and spatial regulation of epsin abundance and VEGFR3 signaling are required for lymphatic valve formation and function. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra97. [PMID: 25314967 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Lymphatic valves prevent the backflow of the lymph fluid and ensure proper lymphatic drainage throughout the body. Local accumulation of lymphatic fluid in tissues, a condition called lymphedema, is common in individuals with malformed lymphatic valves. The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3) is required for the development of lymphatic vascular system. The abundance of VEGFR3 in collecting lymphatic trunks is high before valve formation and, except at valve regions, decreases after valve formation. We found that in mesenteric lymphatics, the abundance of epsin 1 and 2, which are ubiquitin-binding adaptor proteins involved in endocytosis, was low at early stages of development. After lymphatic valve formation, the initiation of steady shear flow was associated with an increase in the abundance of epsin 1 and 2 in collecting lymphatic trunks, but not in valve regions. Epsin 1 and 2 bound to VEGFR3 and mediated the internalization and degradation of VEGFR3, resulting in termination of VEGFR3 signaling. Mice with lymphatic endothelial cell-specific deficiency of epsin 1 and 2 had dilated lymphatic capillaries, abnormally high VEGFR3 abundance in collecting lymphatics, immature lymphatic valves, and defective lymph drainage. Deletion of a single Vegfr3 allele or pharmacological suppression of VEGFR3 signaling restored normal lymphatic valve development and lymph drainage in epsin-deficient mice. Our findings establish a critical role for epsins in the temporal and spatial regulation of VEGFR3 abundance and signaling in collecting lymphatic trunks during lymphatic valve formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Liu
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Satish Pasula
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Hoogeun Song
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Kandice L Tessneer
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yunzhou Dong
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Scott Hahn
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Tadayuki Yago
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Megan L Brophy
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Baojun Chang
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Cai
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - John McManus
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Hirotake Ichise
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Constantin Georgescu
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jonathan D Wren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA. Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Courtney Griffin
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA. Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK 73126, USA
| | - Lijun Xia
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - R Sathish Srinivasan
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA.
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17
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Wei Q, Zhang F, Richardson MM, Roy NH, Rodgers W, Liu Y, Zhao W, Fu C, Ding Y, Huang C, Chen Y, Sun Y, Ding L, Hu Y, Ma JX, Boulton ME, Pasula S, Wren JD, Tanaka S, Huang X, Thali M, Hämmerling GJ, Zhang XA. CD82 restrains pathological angiogenesis by altering lipid raft clustering and CD44 trafficking in endothelial cells. Circulation 2014; 130:1493-504. [PMID: 25149363 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.011096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis is crucial for many pathological processes and becomes a therapeutic strategy against diseases ranging from inflammation to cancer. The regulatory mechanism of angiogenesis remains unclear. Although tetraspanin CD82 is widely expressed in various endothelial cells (ECs), its vascular function is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Angiogenesis was examined in Cd82-null mice with in vivo and ex vivo morphogenesis assays. Cellular functions, molecular interactions, and signaling were analyzed in Cd82-null ECs. Angiogenic responses to various stimuli became markedly increased upon Cd82 ablation. Major changes in Cd82-null ECs were enhanced migration and invasion, likely resulting from the upregulated expression of cell adhesion molecules such as CD44 and integrins at the cell surface and subsequently elevated outside-in signaling. Gangliosides, lipid raft clustering, and CD44-membrane microdomain interactions were increased in the plasma membrane of Cd82-null ECs, leading to less clathrin-independent endocytosis and then more surface presence of CD44. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals that CD82 restrains pathological angiogenesis by inhibiting EC movement, that lipid raft clustering and cell adhesion molecule trafficking modulate angiogenic potential, that transmembrane protein modulates lipid rafts, and that the perturbation of CD82-ganglioside-CD44 signaling attenuates pathological angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wei
- From the West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Q.W.); University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City (Q.W., F.Z., M.M.R., W.R., Y.L., C.F., Y.D., C.H., L.D., Y.H., J.M., X.A.Z.); University of Vermont, Burlington (N.H.R., M.T.); University of Tennessee, Memphis (W.Z., Y.C., Y.S.); Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China (Y.D., X.H.); Indiana University, Indianapolis (M.E.B.); Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City (S.P., J.D.W.); and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S.T., G.J.H.)
| | - Feng Zhang
- From the West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Q.W.); University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City (Q.W., F.Z., M.M.R., W.R., Y.L., C.F., Y.D., C.H., L.D., Y.H., J.M., X.A.Z.); University of Vermont, Burlington (N.H.R., M.T.); University of Tennessee, Memphis (W.Z., Y.C., Y.S.); Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China (Y.D., X.H.); Indiana University, Indianapolis (M.E.B.); Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City (S.P., J.D.W.); and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S.T., G.J.H.)
| | - Mekel M Richardson
- From the West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Q.W.); University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City (Q.W., F.Z., M.M.R., W.R., Y.L., C.F., Y.D., C.H., L.D., Y.H., J.M., X.A.Z.); University of Vermont, Burlington (N.H.R., M.T.); University of Tennessee, Memphis (W.Z., Y.C., Y.S.); Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China (Y.D., X.H.); Indiana University, Indianapolis (M.E.B.); Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City (S.P., J.D.W.); and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S.T., G.J.H.)
| | - Nathan H Roy
- From the West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Q.W.); University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City (Q.W., F.Z., M.M.R., W.R., Y.L., C.F., Y.D., C.H., L.D., Y.H., J.M., X.A.Z.); University of Vermont, Burlington (N.H.R., M.T.); University of Tennessee, Memphis (W.Z., Y.C., Y.S.); Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China (Y.D., X.H.); Indiana University, Indianapolis (M.E.B.); Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City (S.P., J.D.W.); and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S.T., G.J.H.)
| | - William Rodgers
- From the West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Q.W.); University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City (Q.W., F.Z., M.M.R., W.R., Y.L., C.F., Y.D., C.H., L.D., Y.H., J.M., X.A.Z.); University of Vermont, Burlington (N.H.R., M.T.); University of Tennessee, Memphis (W.Z., Y.C., Y.S.); Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China (Y.D., X.H.); Indiana University, Indianapolis (M.E.B.); Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City (S.P., J.D.W.); and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S.T., G.J.H.)
| | - Yuechueng Liu
- From the West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Q.W.); University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City (Q.W., F.Z., M.M.R., W.R., Y.L., C.F., Y.D., C.H., L.D., Y.H., J.M., X.A.Z.); University of Vermont, Burlington (N.H.R., M.T.); University of Tennessee, Memphis (W.Z., Y.C., Y.S.); Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China (Y.D., X.H.); Indiana University, Indianapolis (M.E.B.); Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City (S.P., J.D.W.); and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S.T., G.J.H.)
| | - Wenyuan Zhao
- From the West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Q.W.); University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City (Q.W., F.Z., M.M.R., W.R., Y.L., C.F., Y.D., C.H., L.D., Y.H., J.M., X.A.Z.); University of Vermont, Burlington (N.H.R., M.T.); University of Tennessee, Memphis (W.Z., Y.C., Y.S.); Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China (Y.D., X.H.); Indiana University, Indianapolis (M.E.B.); Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City (S.P., J.D.W.); and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S.T., G.J.H.)
| | - Chenying Fu
- From the West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Q.W.); University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City (Q.W., F.Z., M.M.R., W.R., Y.L., C.F., Y.D., C.H., L.D., Y.H., J.M., X.A.Z.); University of Vermont, Burlington (N.H.R., M.T.); University of Tennessee, Memphis (W.Z., Y.C., Y.S.); Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China (Y.D., X.H.); Indiana University, Indianapolis (M.E.B.); Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City (S.P., J.D.W.); and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S.T., G.J.H.)
| | - Yingjun Ding
- From the West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Q.W.); University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City (Q.W., F.Z., M.M.R., W.R., Y.L., C.F., Y.D., C.H., L.D., Y.H., J.M., X.A.Z.); University of Vermont, Burlington (N.H.R., M.T.); University of Tennessee, Memphis (W.Z., Y.C., Y.S.); Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China (Y.D., X.H.); Indiana University, Indianapolis (M.E.B.); Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City (S.P., J.D.W.); and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S.T., G.J.H.)
| | - Chao Huang
- From the West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Q.W.); University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City (Q.W., F.Z., M.M.R., W.R., Y.L., C.F., Y.D., C.H., L.D., Y.H., J.M., X.A.Z.); University of Vermont, Burlington (N.H.R., M.T.); University of Tennessee, Memphis (W.Z., Y.C., Y.S.); Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China (Y.D., X.H.); Indiana University, Indianapolis (M.E.B.); Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City (S.P., J.D.W.); and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S.T., G.J.H.)
| | - Yuanjian Chen
- From the West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Q.W.); University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City (Q.W., F.Z., M.M.R., W.R., Y.L., C.F., Y.D., C.H., L.D., Y.H., J.M., X.A.Z.); University of Vermont, Burlington (N.H.R., M.T.); University of Tennessee, Memphis (W.Z., Y.C., Y.S.); Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China (Y.D., X.H.); Indiana University, Indianapolis (M.E.B.); Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City (S.P., J.D.W.); and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S.T., G.J.H.)
| | - Yao Sun
- From the West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Q.W.); University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City (Q.W., F.Z., M.M.R., W.R., Y.L., C.F., Y.D., C.H., L.D., Y.H., J.M., X.A.Z.); University of Vermont, Burlington (N.H.R., M.T.); University of Tennessee, Memphis (W.Z., Y.C., Y.S.); Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China (Y.D., X.H.); Indiana University, Indianapolis (M.E.B.); Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City (S.P., J.D.W.); and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S.T., G.J.H.)
| | - Lexi Ding
- From the West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Q.W.); University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City (Q.W., F.Z., M.M.R., W.R., Y.L., C.F., Y.D., C.H., L.D., Y.H., J.M., X.A.Z.); University of Vermont, Burlington (N.H.R., M.T.); University of Tennessee, Memphis (W.Z., Y.C., Y.S.); Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China (Y.D., X.H.); Indiana University, Indianapolis (M.E.B.); Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City (S.P., J.D.W.); and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S.T., G.J.H.)
| | - Yang Hu
- From the West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Q.W.); University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City (Q.W., F.Z., M.M.R., W.R., Y.L., C.F., Y.D., C.H., L.D., Y.H., J.M., X.A.Z.); University of Vermont, Burlington (N.H.R., M.T.); University of Tennessee, Memphis (W.Z., Y.C., Y.S.); Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China (Y.D., X.H.); Indiana University, Indianapolis (M.E.B.); Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City (S.P., J.D.W.); and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S.T., G.J.H.)
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- From the West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Q.W.); University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City (Q.W., F.Z., M.M.R., W.R., Y.L., C.F., Y.D., C.H., L.D., Y.H., J.M., X.A.Z.); University of Vermont, Burlington (N.H.R., M.T.); University of Tennessee, Memphis (W.Z., Y.C., Y.S.); Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China (Y.D., X.H.); Indiana University, Indianapolis (M.E.B.); Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City (S.P., J.D.W.); and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S.T., G.J.H.)
| | - Michael E Boulton
- From the West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Q.W.); University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City (Q.W., F.Z., M.M.R., W.R., Y.L., C.F., Y.D., C.H., L.D., Y.H., J.M., X.A.Z.); University of Vermont, Burlington (N.H.R., M.T.); University of Tennessee, Memphis (W.Z., Y.C., Y.S.); Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China (Y.D., X.H.); Indiana University, Indianapolis (M.E.B.); Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City (S.P., J.D.W.); and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S.T., G.J.H.)
| | - Satish Pasula
- From the West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Q.W.); University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City (Q.W., F.Z., M.M.R., W.R., Y.L., C.F., Y.D., C.H., L.D., Y.H., J.M., X.A.Z.); University of Vermont, Burlington (N.H.R., M.T.); University of Tennessee, Memphis (W.Z., Y.C., Y.S.); Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China (Y.D., X.H.); Indiana University, Indianapolis (M.E.B.); Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City (S.P., J.D.W.); and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S.T., G.J.H.)
| | - Jonathan D Wren
- From the West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Q.W.); University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City (Q.W., F.Z., M.M.R., W.R., Y.L., C.F., Y.D., C.H., L.D., Y.H., J.M., X.A.Z.); University of Vermont, Burlington (N.H.R., M.T.); University of Tennessee, Memphis (W.Z., Y.C., Y.S.); Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China (Y.D., X.H.); Indiana University, Indianapolis (M.E.B.); Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City (S.P., J.D.W.); and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S.T., G.J.H.)
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- From the West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Q.W.); University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City (Q.W., F.Z., M.M.R., W.R., Y.L., C.F., Y.D., C.H., L.D., Y.H., J.M., X.A.Z.); University of Vermont, Burlington (N.H.R., M.T.); University of Tennessee, Memphis (W.Z., Y.C., Y.S.); Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China (Y.D., X.H.); Indiana University, Indianapolis (M.E.B.); Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City (S.P., J.D.W.); and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S.T., G.J.H.)
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- From the West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Q.W.); University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City (Q.W., F.Z., M.M.R., W.R., Y.L., C.F., Y.D., C.H., L.D., Y.H., J.M., X.A.Z.); University of Vermont, Burlington (N.H.R., M.T.); University of Tennessee, Memphis (W.Z., Y.C., Y.S.); Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China (Y.D., X.H.); Indiana University, Indianapolis (M.E.B.); Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City (S.P., J.D.W.); and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S.T., G.J.H.)
| | - Markus Thali
- From the West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Q.W.); University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City (Q.W., F.Z., M.M.R., W.R., Y.L., C.F., Y.D., C.H., L.D., Y.H., J.M., X.A.Z.); University of Vermont, Burlington (N.H.R., M.T.); University of Tennessee, Memphis (W.Z., Y.C., Y.S.); Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China (Y.D., X.H.); Indiana University, Indianapolis (M.E.B.); Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City (S.P., J.D.W.); and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S.T., G.J.H.)
| | - Günter J Hämmerling
- From the West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Q.W.); University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City (Q.W., F.Z., M.M.R., W.R., Y.L., C.F., Y.D., C.H., L.D., Y.H., J.M., X.A.Z.); University of Vermont, Burlington (N.H.R., M.T.); University of Tennessee, Memphis (W.Z., Y.C., Y.S.); Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China (Y.D., X.H.); Indiana University, Indianapolis (M.E.B.); Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City (S.P., J.D.W.); and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S.T., G.J.H.)
| | - Xin A Zhang
- From the West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Q.W.); University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City (Q.W., F.Z., M.M.R., W.R., Y.L., C.F., Y.D., C.H., L.D., Y.H., J.M., X.A.Z.); University of Vermont, Burlington (N.H.R., M.T.); University of Tennessee, Memphis (W.Z., Y.C., Y.S.); Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China (Y.D., X.H.); Indiana University, Indianapolis (M.E.B.); Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City (S.P., J.D.W.); and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (S.T., G.J.H.).
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Lee MY, Skoura A, Park E, Landskroner-Eiger S, Jozsef L, Luciano AK, Murata T, Pasula S, Dong Y, Bouaouina M, Calderwood DA, Ferguson SM, De Camilli P, Sessa WC. Dynamin 2 regulation of integrin endocytosis, but not VEGF signaling, is crucial for developmental angiogenesis. J Cell Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.153080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Lee MY, Skoura A, Park EJ, Landskroner-Eiger S, Jozsef L, Luciano AK, Murata T, Pasula S, Dong Y, Bouaouina M, Calderwood DA, Ferguson SM, De Camilli P, Sessa WC. Dynamin 2 regulation of integrin endocytosis, but not VEGF signaling, is crucial for developmental angiogenesis. Development 2014; 141:1465-72. [PMID: 24598168 DOI: 10.1242/dev.104539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Here we show that dynamin 2 (Dnm2) is essential for angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. In cultured endothelial cells lacking Dnm2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling and receptor levels are augmented whereas cell migration and morphogenesis are impaired. Mechanistically, the loss of Dnm2 increases focal adhesion size and the surface levels of multiple integrins and reduces the activation state of β1 integrin. In vivo, the constitutive or inducible loss of Dnm2 in endothelium impairs branching morphogenesis and promotes the accumulation of β1 integrin at sites of failed angiogenic sprouting. Collectively, our data show that Dnm2 uncouples VEGF signaling from function and coordinates the endocytic turnover of integrins in a manner that is crucially important for angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Y Lee
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Tessneer KL, Pasula S, Cai X, Dong Y, McManus J, Liu X, Yu L, Hahn S, Chang B, Chen Y, Griffin C, Xia L, Adams RH, Chen H. Genetic reduction of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 rescues aberrant angiogenesis caused by epsin deficiency. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 34:331-337. [PMID: 24311377 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.302586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously showed that endothelial epsin deficiency caused elevated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and enhanced VEGF signaling, resulting in aberrant tumor angiogenesis and reduced tumor growth in adult mice. However, direct evidence demonstrating that endothelial epsins regulate angiogenesis specifically through VEGFR2 downregulation is still lacking. In addition, whether the lack of epsins causes abnormal angiogenesis during embryonic development remains unclear. APPROACH AND RESULTS A novel strain of endothelial epsin-deleted mice that are heterozygous for VEGFR2 (Epn1(fl/fl); Epn2(-/-); Flk(fl/+); iCDH5 Cre mice) was created. Analysis of embryos at different developmental stages showed that deletion of epsins caused defective embryonic angiogenesis and retarded embryo development. In vitro angiogenesis assays using isolated primary endothelial cells (ECs) from Epn1(fl/fl); Epn2(-/-); iCDH5 Cre (EC-iDKO) and Epn1(fl/fl); Epn2(-/-); Flk(fl/+); iCDH5 Cre (EC-iDKO-Flk(fl/+)) mice demonstrated that VEGFR2 reduction in epsin-depleted cells was sufficient to restore normal VEGF signaling, EC proliferation, EC migration, and EC network formation. These findings were complemented by in vivo wound healing, inflammatory angiogenesis, and tumor angiogenesis assays in which reduction of VEGFR2 was sufficient to rescue abnormal angiogenesis in endothelial epsin-deleted mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide the first genetic demonstration that epsins function specifically to downregulate VEGFR2 by mediating activated VEGFR2 internalization and degradation and that genetic reduction of VEGFR2 level protects against excessive angiogenesis caused by epsin loss. Our findings indicate that epsins may be a potential therapeutic target in conditions in which tightly regulated angiogenesis is crucial, such as in diabetic wound healing and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandice L Tessneer
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Satish Pasula
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Cai
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yunzhou Dong
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - John McManus
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Lili Yu
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Scott Hahn
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Baojun Chang
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yiyuan Chen
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Courtney Griffin
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Cell Biology Department, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Lijun Xia
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Hong Chen
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Cai X, Pasula S, Chang B, Hahn S, McManus J, Chen H. Abstract 5128: Upregulation of epsin in breast cancer and critical role of epsin in promoting cancer growth and metastasis. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-5128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that deficiency of epsins, a family of endocytic clathrin adaptor proteins, decreases tumor growth by enhancing VEGF signaling in endothelial cells and causing dysfunctional tumor angiogenesis. However, the role of epsin in cancer cells is unclear. Our preliminary data indicate that epsins are upregulated in various human cancers, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, ovary cancer, cervix cancer, bladder cancer, and esophagus cancer. Here, we determined the role of epsin in cancer cells in regulating breast cancer growth and metastasis. Increased epsin level was found in ER(+/-) and/or PR(+/-) human breast cancer cell lines including MDA-MB-231, BT-20, ZR751, MCF7 and T47D, and in mouse breast cancer cell lines, such as
168FARN and 4T1. The level of epsins was also considerably augmented in tumors derived from MMTV-PyMT spontaneous breast cancer mouse model at different progressive stages. We observed a correlative increase in epsin expression with cancer progression in MMTV-PyMT mice. We also generated stable epsin-deficient MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cells. Epsin deficiency markedly inhibited cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Xenograft mouse models of epsin-deficient breast cancer cells revealed striking reduction in tumorigenesis and lung metastasis. Lung metastasis by tail-vein injection of epsin-deficient MDA-MB-231 cells was also decreased compared to controls. Mechanistically, we showed that epsin-deficiency induced morphological change from mesenchamal-like to epitheial-like in MDA-MB-231 cells, indicating a reversal of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) to Mesenchymal-Epithelial-Transition (MET). Moreover, epsin-deficiency increased E-cadherin expression but decreased vimentin, and EMT inducing genes snail/slug expression in MDA-MB-231 cells. Epsin-deficiency also dramatically reduced cyclin D1 expression and Rb activation. Accordingly, elevated E-cadherin but attenuated vimentin, slug and cyclin D1 were observed in tumor tissues or lung tissues isolated from epsin-deficient MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 tumor models. Conversely, overexpression of epsin in MDA-MB-231 cells enhanced cyclin D1 and vimentin expression. Collectively, epsin promotes breast tumor growth and metastasis through coordinated regulation of cell cycle and EMT. Our study provides a basis for novel therapeutic targets for anti-cancer treatments.
Citation Format: Xiaofeng Cai, Satish Pasula, Baojun Chang, Scott Hahn, John McManus, Hong Chen. Upregulation of epsin in breast cancer and critical role of epsin in promoting cancer growth and metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5128. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5128
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Cai
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Satish Pasula
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Baojun Chang
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Scott Hahn
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - John McManus
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Hong Chen
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
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Huang Q, Qin L, Dai S, Zhang H, Pasula S, Zhou H, Chen H, Min W. AIP1 suppresses atherosclerosis by limiting hyperlipidemia-induced inflammation and vascular endothelial dysfunction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:795-804. [PMID: 23413429 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.301220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1-interacting protein-1 (AIP1) is a signaling adaptor molecule implicated in stress and apoptotic signaling induced by proinflammatory mediators. However, its function in atherosclerosis has not been established. In the present study, we use AIP1-null (AIP1(-/-)) mice to examine its effect on atherosclerotic lesions in an apolipoprotein E-null (ApoE(-/-)) mouse model of atherosclerosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS ApoE(-/-) control mice developed atherosclerosis in the aortic roots and descending aortas on Western-type diet for 10 weeks, whereas the atherosclerotic lesions are significantly augmented in ApoE(-/-)AIP1(-/-) double knockout (DKO) mice. DKO mice show increases in plasma inflammatory cytokines with no significant alterations in body weight, total cholesterol levels, or lipoprotein profiles. Aortas in DKO mice show increased inflammation and endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction with nuclear factor-κB activity, correlating with increased accumulation of macrophages in the lesion area. Importantly, macrophages from DKO donors are not sufficient to augment inflammatory responses and atherogenesis when transferred to ApoE-KO recipients. Mechanistic studies suggest that AIP1 is highly expressed in aortic EC, but not in macrophages, and AIP1 deletion in EC significantly enhance oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced nuclear factor-κB signaling, gene expression of inflammatory molecules, and monocyte adhesion, suggesting that vascular EC are responsible for the increased inflammatory responses observed in DKO mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that loss of AIP1 in aortic EC primarily contributes to the exacerbated lesion expansion in the ApoE(-/-)AIP1(-/-) mice, revealing an important role of AIP1 in limiting inflammation, EC dysfunction, and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunhua Huang
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Tessneer KL, Cai X, Pasula S, Dong Y, Liu X, Chang B, McManus J, Hahn S, Yu L, Chen H. Epsin Family of Endocytic Adaptor Proteins as Oncogenic Regulators of Cancer Progression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 2:144-150. [PMID: 24501612 PMCID: PMC3911794 DOI: 10.6000/1929-2279.2013.02.03.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis, tumor cell proliferation, and tumor cell migration result from an accumulation of oncogenic mutations that alter protein expression and the regulation of various signaling cascades. Epsins, a small family of clathrin-mediated endocytic adaptor proteins, are reportedly upregulated in a variety of cancers. Importantly, loss of epsins protects against tumorigenesis, thus supporting an oncogenic role for epsins in cancer. Although a clear relationship between epsins and cancer has evolved, the importance of this relationship with regards to cancer progression and anti-cancer therapies remains unclear. In this review, we summarize epsins’ role as endocytic adaptors that modulate VEGF and Notch signaling through the regulated internalization of VEGFR2 and trans-endocytosis of Notch receptors. As both VEGF and Notch signaling have significant implications in angiogenesis, we focus on the newly identified role for epsins in tumor angiogenesis. In addition to epsins’ canonical role in receptor-mediated endocytosis, and the resulting downstream signaling regulation, we discuss the non-canonical role of epsins as regulators of small GTPases and the implications this has on tumor cell proliferation and invasion. Given epsins’ identified roles in tumor angiogenesis, tumor cell proliferation, and tumor cell invasion, we predict that the investigative links between epsins and cancer will provide new insights into the importance of endocytic adaptors and their potential use as future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandice L Tessneer
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13 Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Cai
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13 Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Satish Pasula
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13 Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yunzhou Dong
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13 Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13 Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA ; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Baojun Chang
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13 Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - John McManus
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13 Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Scott Hahn
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13 Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Lili Yu
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13 Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13 Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA ; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Cai X, Brophy ML, Hahn S, McManus J, Chang B, Pasula S, Chen H. Abstract P1-05-21: The role of epsin in promoting Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and metastasis by activating NF-kB signaling in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs12-p1-05-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Breast Cancer progression and metastasis are multi-step processes that involve local tumor growth and invasion followed by tumor dissemination to and re-establishment at distant sites. The ability of a tumor to metastasize is the major determinant of the mortality of cancer patients. Thus, elucidating the molecular pathways essential for tumor metastasis is of high priority in cancer biology. We have previously demonstrated that deficiency of epsins, a family of endocytic clathrin adaptor proteins, decreases tumor growth by enhancing VEGF signaling in vascular endothelial cells and subsequently promoting dysfunctional tumor angiogenesis.
Research Objective: Our immediate aim in the current research is to determine the role of epsin in regulating breast cancer growth and metastasis by activating NF-κB signaling. Our ultimate goal is to seek better treatment for breast cancer patients.
Rationale: Our preliminary data demonstrate that epsins are overexpressed in human cancers, including breast cancer. Knockdown of epsins in human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 inhibits in vitro cell proliferation and migration. Xenograft or tail-vein injection of epsin-deficient breast cancer cells reveals marked reduction in in vivo tumorigenesis and lung metastasis. Moreover, E-cadherin is increased and vimentin decreased in epsin-deficient MDA-MB-231 and in tumors derived from epsin-deficient MDA-MB-231 tumor models. Conversely, overexpression of epsin in breast epithelial cell line MCF10A and MDA-MB-231 results in decreased E-cadherin and increased vimentin expression.
Hypothesis: We hypothesize that epsin regulates EMT through modulating NF-κB signaling.
Methods: we use combined techniques of western blot, confocal immunofluorescence and RT-PCR to examine NF-κB activation.
Results: NF-κB phosphorylation, nuclear translocation and NF-κB target gene snail/slug expression is downregulated in epsin-deficient MDA-MB-231. Epsin overexpression in MDA-MB-231 increases NF-κB phosphorylation. Mechanistically, we show that epsin co-immunoprecipitates with components of TNF Receptor Signaling Complex (TNFR-SC) including TNFR1, TRADD, RIP, TRAF2 and NEMO in MDA-MB-231, which can be enhanced by TNFα stimulation. Conversely, recruitment of NEMO and TRAF2 to TNFR1 is impaired in epsin-deficient MDA-MB-231 compared to control upon TNFα treatment. Given that ubiquitin-interacting motifs (UIM) of epsin is important for its interaction with ubiquitinated proteins, we show that wild type (WT) but not a UIM-deficient mutant epsin (epsin ΔUIM) coprecipitates with TNFR1 in 293T cells. Overexpression of epsin ΔUIM inhibits NF-κB activation in MDA-MB-231 and 293T cells compared to WT. In addition, UIM of epsin and polyubquitination of RIP are required for the interaction of epsin with RIP in 293T cells response to TNFα.
Conclusion: epsin promotes breast cancer growth and metastasis by upregulating NF-kB signaling and EMT. Epsin serves as scaffolding protein through UIM-polyubiquitin chain interaction to stabilize TNFR1 signaling complex (TNFR-SC) and subsequently enhance NF-kB signaling in breast cancer cells. Our study provides a basis for novel therapeutic targets for the development of anti-metastatic cancer treatments.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-05-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Cai
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK; University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - ML Brophy
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK; University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - S Hahn
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK; University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - J McManus
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK; University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - B Chang
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK; University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - S Pasula
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK; University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - H Chen
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK; University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK
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Pasula S, Cai X, Dong Y, Messa M, McManus J, Chang B, Liu X, Zhu H, Mansat RS, Yoon SJ, Hahn S, Keeling J, Saunders D, Ko G, Knight J, Newton G, Luscinskas F, Sun X, Towner R, Lupu F, Xia L, Cremona O, De Camilli P, Min W, Chen H. Endothelial epsin deficiency decreases tumor growth by enhancing VEGF signaling. J Clin Invest 2012. [PMID: 23187125 DOI: 10.1172/jci64537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Epsins are a family of ubiquitin-binding, endocytic clathrin adaptors. Mice lacking both epsins 1 and 2 (Epn1/2) die at embryonic day 10 and exhibit an abnormal vascular phenotype. To examine the angiogenic role of endothelial epsins, we generated mice with constitutive or inducible deletion of Epn1/2 in vascular endothelium. These mice exhibited no abnormal phenotypes under normal conditions, suggesting that lack of endothelial epsins 1 and 2 did not affect normal blood vessels. In tumors, however, loss of epsins 1 and 2 resulted in disorganized vasculature, significantly increased vascular permeability, and markedly retarded tumor growth. Mechanistically, we show that VEGF promoted binding of epsin to ubiquitinated VEGFR2. Loss of epsins 1 and 2 specifically impaired endocytosis and degradation of VEGFR2, which resulted in excessive VEGF signaling that compromised tumor vascular function by exacerbating nonproductive leaky angiogenesis. This suggests that tumor vasculature requires a balance in VEGF signaling to provide sufficient productive angiogenesis for tumor development and that endothelial epsins 1 and 2 negatively regulate the output of VEGF signaling. Promotion of excessive VEGF signaling within tumors via a block of epsin 1 and 2 function may represent a strategy to prevent normal angiogenesis in cancer patients who are resistant to anti-VEGF therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Pasula
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
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Pasula S, Chakraborty S, Choi JH, Kim JH. Role of casein kinase 1 in the glucose sensor-mediated signaling pathway in yeast. BMC Cell Biol 2010; 11:17. [PMID: 20205947 PMCID: PMC2846877 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-11-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 03/07/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In yeast, glucose-dependent degradation of the Mth1 protein, a corepressor of the glucose transporter gene (HXT) repressor Rgt1, is a crucial event enabling expression of several HXT. This event occurs through a signaling pathway that involves the Rgt2 and Snf3 glucose sensors and yeast casein kinase 1 and 2 (Yck1/2). In this study, we examined whether the glucose sensors directly couple with Yck1/2 to convert glucose binding into an intracellular signal that leads to the degradation of Mth1. Results High levels of glucose induce degradation of Mth1 through the Rgt2/Snf3 glucose signaling pathway. Fluorescence microscopy analysis indicates that, under glucose-limited conditions, GFP-Mth1 is localized in the nucleus and does not shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm. If glucose-induced degradation is prevented due to disruption of the Rgt2/Snf3 pathway, GFP-Mth1 accumulates in the nucleus. When engineered to be localized to the cytoplasm, GFP-Mth1 is degraded regardless of the presence of glucose or the glucose sensors. In addition, removal of Grr1 from the nucleus prevents degradation of GFP-Mth1. These results suggest that glucose-induced, glucose sensor-dependent Mth1 degradation occurs in the nucleus. We also show that, like Yck2, Yck1 is localized to the plasma membrane via C-terminal palmitoylation mediated by the palmitoyl transferase Akr1. However, glucose-dependent degradation of Mth1 is not impaired in the absence of Akr1, suggesting that a direct interaction between the glucose sensors and Yck1/2 is not required for Mth1 degradation. Conclusion Glucose-induced, glucose sensor-regulated degradation of Mth1 occurs in the nucleus and does not require direct interaction of the glucose sensors with Yck1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Pasula
- The Mississippi Functional Genomics Network, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
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Pasula S, Jouandot D, Kim JH. Biochemical evidence for glucose-independent induction of HXT expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:3230-4. [PMID: 17586499 PMCID: PMC2040036 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2007] [Revised: 06/11/2007] [Accepted: 06/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The yeast glucose sensors Rgt2 and Snf3 generate a signal in response to glucose that leads to degradation of Mth1 and Std1, thereby relieving repression of Rgt1-repressed genes such as the glucose transporter genes (HXT). Mth1 and Std1 are degraded via the Yck1/2 kinase-SCF(Grr1)-26S proteasome pathway triggered by the glucose sensors. Here, we show that RGT2-1 promotes ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of Mth1 and Std1 regardless of the presence of glucose. Site-specific mutagenesis reveals that the conserved lysine residues of Mth1 and Std1 might serve as attachment sites for ubiquitin, and that the potential casein kinase (Yck1/2) sites of serine phosphorylation might control their ubiquitination. Finally, we show that active Snf1 protein kinase in high glucose prevents degradation of Mth1 and Std1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Pasula
- Mississippi Functional Genomics Network, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
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Menon BB, Sarma NJ, Pasula S, Deminoff SJ, Willis KA, Barbara KE, Andrews B, Santangelo GM. Reverse recruitment: the Nup84 nuclear pore subcomplex mediates Rap1/Gcr1/Gcr2 transcriptional activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:5749-54. [PMID: 15817685 PMCID: PMC556015 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0501768102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The recruitment model for gene activation presumes that DNA is a platform on which the requisite components of the transcriptional machinery are assembled. In contrast to this idea, we show here that Rap1/Gcr1/Gcr2 transcriptional activation in yeast cells occurs through a large anchored protein platform, the Nup84 nuclear pore subcomplex. Surprisingly, Nup84 and associated subcomplex components activate transcription themselves in vivo when fused to a heterologous DNA-binding domain. The Rap1 coactivators Gcr1 and Gcr2 form an important bridge between the yeast nuclear pore complex and the transcriptional machinery. Nucleoporin activation may be a widespread eukaryotic phenomenon, because it was first detected as a consequence of oncogenic rearrangements in acute myeloid leukemia and related syndromes in humans. These chromosomal translocations fuse a homeobox DNA-binding domain to the human homolog (hNup98) of a transcriptionally active component of the yeast Nup84 subcomplex. We conclude that Rap1 target genes are activated by moving to contact compartmentalized nuclear assemblages, rather than through recruitment of the requisite factors to chromatin by means of diffusion. We term this previously undescribed mechanism "reverse recruitment" and discuss the possibility that it is a central feature of eukaryotic gene regulation. Reverse recruitment stipulates that activators work by bringing the DNA to an nuclear pore complex-tethered platform of assembled transcriptional machine components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaraj B Menon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
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