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Jackson H, Bowen S, Jaki T. Using biomarkers to allocate patients in a response-adaptive clinical trial. COMMUN STAT-SIMUL C 2023; 52:5946-5965. [PMID: 38045870 PMCID: PMC7615340 DOI: 10.1080/03610918.2021.2004420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we discuss a response adaptive randomization method, and why it should be used in clinical trials for rare diseases compared to a randomized controlled trial with equal fixed randomization. The developed method uses a patient's biomarkers to alter the allocation probability to each treatment, in order to emphasize the benefit to the trial population. The method starts with an initial burn-in period of a small number of patients, who with equal probability, are allocated to each treatment. We then use a regression method to predict the best outcome of the next patient, using their biomarkers and the information from the previous patients. This estimated best treatment is assigned to the next patient with high probability. A completed clinical trial for the effect of catumaxomab on the survival of cancer patients is used as an example to demonstrate the use of the method and the differences to a controlled trial with equal allocation. Different regression procedures are investigated and compared to a randomized controlled trial, using efficacy and ethical measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - T Jaki
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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2
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Budhram-Mahadeo VS, Irshad S, Bowen S, Lee SA, Samady L, Tonini GP, Latchman DS. Correction: Proliferation-associated Brn-3b transcription factor can activate cyclin D1 expression in neuroblastoma and breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2023; 42:782. [PMID: 36759573 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V S Budhram-Mahadeo
- Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - S Irshad
- Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - S Bowen
- Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - S A Lee
- Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - L Samady
- Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - G P Tonini
- Translational Paediatric Oncology, National Institute of Cancer Research (IST), Genoa, Italy
| | - D S Latchman
- Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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3
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Bowen S. SP-0861 Adapting to biological response based on quantitative imaging, peripheral blood, and tissue markers: Nextgeneration personalized radiation oncology. Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)04053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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4
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Allen CG, Green RF, Bowen S, Dotson WD, Yu W, Khoury MJ. Challenges and Opportunities for Communication about the Role of Genomics in Public Health. Public Health Genomics 2021; 24:67-74. [PMID: 33445172 DOI: 10.1159/000512485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite growing awareness about the potential for genomic information to improve population health, lingering communication challenges remain in describing the role of genomics in public health programs. Identifying and addressing these challenges provide an important opportunity for appropriate communication to ensure the translation of genomic discoveries for public health benefits. In this commentary, we describe 5 common communication challenges encountered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Office of Genomics and Precision Public Health based on over 20 years of experience in the field. These include (1) communicating that using genomics to assess rare diseases can have an impact on public health; (2) providing evidence that genetic factors can add important information to environmental, behavioral, and social determinants of health; (3) communicating that although genetic factors are nonmodifiable, they can increase the impact of public health programs and communication strategies; (4) addressing the concern that genomics is not ready for clinical practice; and (5) communicating that genomics is valuable beyond the domain of health care and can be integrated as part of public health programs. We discuss opportunities for addressing these communication challenges and provide examples of ongoing approaches to communication about the role of genomics in public health to the public, researchers, and practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin G Allen
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ridgely Fisk Green
- Office of Genomics and Precision Public Health, Office of Science, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Scott Bowen
- Office of Genomics and Precision Public Health, Office of Science, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - W David Dotson
- Office of Genomics and Precision Public Health, Office of Science, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Wei Yu
- Office of Genomics and Precision Public Health, Office of Science, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Muin J Khoury
- Office of Genomics and Precision Public Health, Office of Science, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA,
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5
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Bartley D, Panchasarp R, Bowen S, Deane J, Ferguson JK. How accurately is hospital acquired pneumonia documented for the correct assignment of a hospital acquired complication (HAC)? Infect Dis Health 2020; 26:67-71. [PMID: 33071209 DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2016, the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Healthcare (ACSQHC) released a list of 16 categories of potentially preventable, high impact hospital-acquired complications (HAC) identified by using administrative coded data (ACD). An important category are hospital-acquired infections (HAI). Within this category, hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is among the most frequent complications documented. There are no published studies concerning the current ACSQHC approach to HAI surveillance using ACD and no pneumonia-specific ACD studies reported from Australia. Published work indicates that ACD detection of HAP has low a sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV). The current study was designed to examine whether coders correctly reflected the documentation of HAP that was present in the medical record and also evaluated the medical documentation that was present. METHODS One hundred patients with ACD encoded HAP were selected for review, drawn from admissions to 2 Hunter New England Health hospitals during 2017. Patient records and the eMR were reviewed by two medical officers to assess medical and radiological documentation of pneumonia. The district coding manager reviewed the accuracy of coding of a subset of 23 cases where medical review had not located documented evidence of HAP. RESULTS Of the 100 reviewed cases, the median patient age was 75 years (range 0-95 years) with 3% under 16 years of age. Twenty one were intensive care-associated of which 13 were associated with ventilation. In 23 cases the documentation was disputed and a secondary review took place - the coding manager confirmed coding changes in 14 of these 23 cases. CONCLUSIONS This study found that administrative coded data of HAP, utilizing the ACSQHC method reliably reflected the available documentation with a PPV of 86% (95% binomial exact confidence interval 77-92%), much higher than documented by previous ACD studies. The actual documentation of pneumonia by medical staff frequently used the non-specific term 'lower respiratory infection (LRTI)' which we recommend to be avoided. Radiological confirmation was absent in one third of cases. We recommend the adoption of a medical note template checklist for HAP to prompt clinicians with the accepted diagnostic criteria. We also recommend documenting a reason as to why any antibiotic has been commenced in a hospitalized patient in accord with the ACSQHC Antimicrobial Stewardship Clinical Care Standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bartley
- HNE Health, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | | | - S Bowen
- HNE Health, Tamworth, NSW, 2340, Australia
| | - J Deane
- Infection Prevention Service, HNE Health, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - J K Ferguson
- Infection Prevention Service, HNE Health, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia; University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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Yang T, Bowen S, Garnham J, Benson A, Straw S, Cubbon R, Gierula J, Macdonald W, McGinlay M, Hylton B, Chang D, Witte K, Rossiter H. A CARDIOMETABOLIC RESERVE IN HEART FAILURE, REVEALED BY VERIFICATION PHASE EXERCISE TESTING, DOES NOT CONFER PROGNOSTIC BENEFIT. Chest 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.08.1780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Powell D, Stuart S, Fearn D, Bowen S, Steel H, Jones T, Godfrey A. Wearables as objective tools in sport-related concussion: a protocol for more informed player management. Physiotherapy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2020.03.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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8
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Byvaltsev VA, Kolesnikov SI, Bardonova LA, Belykh EG, Korytov LI, Giers MB, Bowen S, Preul MC. Development of an In Vitro Model of Inflammatory Cytokine Influences on Intervertebral Disk Cells in 3D Cell Culture Using Activated Macrophage-Like THP-1 Cells. Bull Exp Biol Med 2018; 166:151-154. [PMID: 30417291 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-4304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We developed a new model for evaluation of the influence of proinflammatory cytokines on intervertebral disc cells in a 3D culture based on co-culturing of these cells with activated macrophage-like THP-1 cells. The levels of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12p70 production were assessed by flow cytofluorometry using microspheres. Considerable differences in the level of spontaneous cytokine secretion by normal and degenerated intervertebral disc cells were revealed. A significant increase in the level of IL-1β and IL-8 was observed during co-culturing, which confirms consistency of the developed model.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Byvaltsev
- Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia.
- Irkutsk Research Center of Surgery and Traumatology, Irkutsk, Russia.
- Railroad Clinical Hospital at Irkutsk-Passenger Station, Russian Railways Company, Irkutsk, Russia.
| | - S I Kolesnikov
- Research Center for Problems of Family Health and Human Reproduction, Irkutsk, Russia
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - L A Bardonova
- Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - E G Belykh
- Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - L I Korytov
- Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - M B Giers
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - S Bowen
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - M C Preul
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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9
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Dix M, Adams V, Klaeske K, Bowen S, Werner S, Garbade J, Emrich F, Lehmann S, Jawad K, Borger M, Dieterlen M. Ischemic HeartFailure Induces Simultaneous Downregulation of Myocardial E3 Ligases. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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10
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Dix M, Adams V, Klaeske K, Bowen S, Werner S, Garbade J, Emrich F, Lehmann S, Jawad K, Borger M, Dieterlen MT. Induction of Simultaneous Downregulation of Myocardial E3 Ligases in Ischemic Heart Failure. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1627913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Dix
- Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Heart Centre Leipzig - University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - V. Adams
- Clinic for Cardiology, Heart Centre Leipzig - University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - K. Klaeske
- Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Heart Centre Leipzig - University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S. Bowen
- Clinic for Cardiology, Heart Centre Leipzig - University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S. Werner
- Clinic for Cardiology, Heart Centre Leipzig - University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J. Garbade
- Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Heart Centre Leipzig - University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - F. Emrich
- Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Heart Centre Leipzig - University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S. Lehmann
- Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Heart Centre Leipzig - University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - K. Jawad
- Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Heart Centre Leipzig - University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M. Borger
- Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Heart Centre Leipzig - University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M.-T. Dieterlen
- Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Heart Centre Leipzig - University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Brygida Berse
- RTI International
- Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Julie A Lynch
- RTI International
- Department of Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System
| | - Scott Bowen
- Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Scott D Grosse
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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12
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Codde E, Munro A, Stewart C, Spilsbury K, Bowen S, Codde J, Steel N, Leung Y, Tan J, Salfinger SG, Mohan GR, Cohen PA. Risk of persistent or recurrent cervical neoplasia in patients with 'pure' adenocarcinoma-in-situ (AIS) or mixed AIS and high-grade cervical squamous neoplasia (cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia grades 2 and 3 (CIN 2/3)): a population-based study. BJOG 2017; 125:74-79. [PMID: 28678394 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare outcomes of patients with pure adenocarcinoma-in-situ (AIS) and mixed AIS/CIN 2/3 lesions including the incidence of AIS persistence, recurrence and progression to adenocarcinoma. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Statewide population in Western Australia. POPULATION Women diagnosed with AIS between 2001 and 2012. METHODS We conducted a retrospective, population-based cohort study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES De-identified linked data were utilised to ascertain the association between patient age at excisional treatment, margin status, lesion type, lesion size, and risk of persistent AIS (defined as the presence of AIS <12 months from treatment), recurrent AIS (≥12 months post-treatment), and adenocarcinoma. RESULTS 636 patients were eligible for analysis. The mean age was 32.3 years and median follow-up interval was 2.5 years. Within the study cohort, 266 patients (41.8%) had pure AIS and 370 (58.2%) had mixed AIS/CIN 2/3. Overall, 47 patients (7.4%) had AIS persistence/recurrence and 12 (1.9%) had adenocarcinoma. Factors associated with persistence/recurrence were pure AIS (hazard ratio (HR) 2.3; 95%CI 1.28-3.94; P = 0.005), age >30 years (HR 2.1; 95%CI 1.16-3.81; P = 0.015), positive endocervical margins (HR 5.8; 95%CI 3.05-10.92; P = <0.001) and AIS lesions >8 mm (HR 2.5; 95%CI 1.00-6.20; P = 0.049). A histologically positive AIS ectocervical margin was not associated with persistence/recurrence. CONCLUSION In this study, pure AIS was associated with greater risk of persistence/recurrence than was mixed AIS/CIN 2/3. AIS lesions >8 mm and positive endocervical margins were significant predictors for persistent or recurrent disease. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Pure cervical adenocarcinoma-in-situ (AIS) may have greater risk of recurrence than AIS co-existing with CIN 2/3.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Codde
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia
| | - A Munro
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia.,St. John of God Hospital Bendat Family Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Subiaco, WA, Australia
| | - Cjr Stewart
- Division of Women's and Infants' Health, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - K Spilsbury
- Centre for Population Health Research, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - S Bowen
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia.,St. John of God Hospital Bendat Family Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Subiaco, WA, Australia
| | - J Codde
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia
| | - N Steel
- WA Cervical Cancer Prevention Program, WA Health, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Y Leung
- Division of Women's and Infants' Health, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - J Tan
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia.,St. John of God Hospital Bendat Family Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Subiaco, WA, Australia.,Division of Women's and Infants' Health, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,WOMEN Centre, West Leederville, WA, Australia
| | - S G Salfinger
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia.,St. John of God Hospital Bendat Family Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Subiaco, WA, Australia.,Division of Women's and Infants' Health, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - G R Mohan
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia.,St. John of God Hospital Bendat Family Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Subiaco, WA, Australia.,Division of Women's and Infants' Health, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - P A Cohen
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia.,St. John of God Hospital Bendat Family Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Subiaco, WA, Australia.,Division of Women's and Infants' Health, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,WOMEN Centre, West Leederville, WA, Australia
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13
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Zecchin R, Ferry C, McIvor D, Wilcox K, Kerr J, Bennett S, Bowen S, Carr B, Newton P, Gallagher R. Establishing a NSW Cardiac Rehabilitation Minimum Dataset (CRMDS). Heart Lung Circ 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yu W, Gwinn M, Dotson WD, Green RF, Clyne M, Wulf A, Bowen S, Kolor K, Khoury MJ. A knowledge base for tracking the impact of genomics on population health. Genet Med 2016; 18:1312-1314. [PMID: 27280867 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2016.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We created an online knowledge base (the Public Health Genomics Knowledge Base (PHGKB)) to provide systematically curated and updated information that bridges population-based research on genomics with clinical and public health applications. METHODS Weekly horizon scanning of a wide variety of online resources is used to retrieve relevant scientific publications, guidelines, and commentaries. After curation by domain experts, links are deposited into Web-based databases. RESULTS PHGKB currently consists of nine component databases. Users can search the entire knowledge base or search one or more component databases directly and choose options for customizing the display of their search results. CONCLUSION PHGKB offers researchers, policy makers, practitioners, and the general public a way to find information they need to understand the complicated landscape of genomics and population health.Genet Med 18 12, 1312-1314.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marta Gwinn
- Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,McKing Consulting Corporation, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - W David Dotson
- Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ridgely Fisk Green
- Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Carter Consulting, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mindy Clyne
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Kelly Services, Troy, Michigan, USA
| | - Anja Wulf
- Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Cadence Group, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Scott Bowen
- Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Katherine Kolor
- Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Muin J Khoury
- Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Bowen S, Lee E, Miyaoka R, Saini J, Kinahan P, Sandison G, Wong T, Vesselle H, Rengan R, Zeng J. SU-D-202-01: Functional Lung Avoidance and Response-Adaptive Escalation (FLARE) RT: Feasibility of a Precision Radiation Oncology Strategy. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4955641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Fisk Green R, Dotson WD, Bowen S, Kolor K, Khoury MJ. Genomics in Public Health: Perspective from the Office of Public Health Genomics at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Healthcare (Basel) 2015; 3:830-7. [PMID: 26636032 PMCID: PMC4666313 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare3030830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The national effort to use genomic knowledge to save lives is gaining momentum, as illustrated by the inclusion of genomics in key public health initiatives, including Healthy People 2020, and the recent launch of the precision medicine initiative. The Office of Public Health Genomics (OPHG) at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) partners with state public health departments and others to advance the translation of genome-based discoveries into disease prevention and population health. To do this, OPHG has adopted an "identify, inform, and integrate" model: identify evidence-based genomic applications ready for implementation, inform stakeholders about these applications, and integrate these applications into public health at the local, state, and national level. This paper addresses current and future work at OPHG for integrating genomics into public health programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridgely Fisk Green
- Carter Consulting, Inc. and Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - W. David Dotson
- Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; E-Mails: (W.D.D.); (S.B.); (K.K.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Scott Bowen
- Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; E-Mails: (W.D.D.); (S.B.); (K.K.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Katherine Kolor
- Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; E-Mails: (W.D.D.); (S.B.); (K.K.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Muin J. Khoury
- Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; E-Mails: (W.D.D.); (S.B.); (K.K.); (M.J.K.)
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Saini J, Cao N, Bowen S, Bloch C, Wong T. SU-E-T-127: Application of TG-119 for Evaluation of Proton Spot Scanning Based Planning and Treatment Delivery. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4924488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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18
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Yang F, Byrd D, Bowen S, Kinahan P, Sandison G. TU-F-CAMPUS-J-04: Impact of Voxel Anisotropy On Statistic Texture Features of Oncologic PET: A Simulation Study. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4925809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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20
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Kobrynski L, Powell RW, Bowen S. Prevalence and morbidity of primary immunodeficiency diseases, United States 2001-2007. J Clin Immunol 2014; 34:954-61. [PMID: 25257253 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-014-0102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Few studies have estimated population prevalence and morbidity of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDD). We used administrative healthcare databases to estimate the prevalence of PIDD diagnoses in the United States from 2001 to 2007. METHODS MarketScan databases compile claims from commercial health insurance plans and Medicaid, recording individual diagnoses for outpatient encounters and hospital stays. We used a cross sectional survey to estimate prevalence of PIDD using related ICD-9 codes (279.0, 279.1, 279.2, 279.8, 279.9, 288.1 and 288.2). Persons with secondary immunodeficiency diagnoses were excluded from analysis. RESULTS Between 2001 and 2007, prevalence of any PIDD diagnosis increased from 38.9 to 50.5 per 100,000 among privately insured and from 29.1 to 41.1 per 100,000 among publicly insured persons. B cell defects predominated. Prevalence was more than twice as high among Whites as among Blacks or Hispanics. CONCLUSION In this large database, we found a higher prevalence of diagnosed PIDD than has been reported previously from registries. Increased awareness may have contributed to the increasing prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kobrynski
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA,
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St Pierre J, Bach J, Duquette D, Oehlke K, Nystrom R, Silvey K, Zlot A, Giles R, Johnson J, Anders HM, Gwinn M, Bowen S, Khoury MJ. Strategies, actions, and outcomes of pilot state programs in public health genomics, 2003-2008. Prev Chronic Dis 2014; 11:E97. [PMID: 24921900 PMCID: PMC4060875 DOI: 10.5888/pcd11.130267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
State health departments in Michigan, Minnesota, Oregon, and Utah explored the use of genomic information, including family health history, in chronic disease prevention programs. To support these explorations, the Office of Public Health Genomics at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provided cooperative agreement funds from 2003 through 2008. The 4 states' chronic disease programs identified advocates, formed partnerships, and assessed public data; they integrated genomics into existing state plans for genetics and chronic disease prevention; they developed projects focused on prevention of asthma, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and other chronic conditions; and they created educational curricula and materials for health workers, policymakers, and the public. Each state's program was different because of the need to adapt to existing culture, infrastructure, and resources, yet all were able to enhance their chronic disease prevention programs with the use of family health history, a low-tech "genomic tool." Additional states are drawing on the experience of these 4 states to develop their own approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janice Bach
- Michigan Department of Community Health, Lansing, Michigan
| | - Debra Duquette
- Michigan Department of Community Health, Lansing, Michigan
| | | | | | | | - Amy Zlot
- Oregon Health Authority, Portland, Oregon
| | | | | | | | - Marta Gwinn
- McKing Consulting Corporation, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Scott Bowen
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333. E-mail:
| | - Muin J Khoury
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Yang F, Nyflot M, Bowen S, Kinahan P, Sandison G. TU-F-12A-05: Sensitivity of Textural Features to 3D Vs. 4D FDG-PET/CT Imaging in NSCLC Patients. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4889360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Meyer J, Hendrickson K, Bowen S, Nyflot M, Patel S, Halasz L. SU-E-T-302: Spine SBRT Planning for Patients with Spinal Hardware. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4888634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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24
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Bowen S, Saini J, Miyaoka R, Kinahan P, Sandison G, Wong T, Vesselle H, Nyflot M, Apisarnthanarax S. TU-F-12A-04: Differential Radiation Avoidance of Functional Liver Regions Defined by 99mTc-Sulfur Colloid SPECT/CT with Proton Therapy. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4889359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Saini J, Bowen S, Kang Y, Schultz L, Bloch C, Nicewonger D, Herrera M, Wong T. SU-E-T-73: Commissioning of a Treatment Planning System for Proton Spot Scanning. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4888403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Bradshaw T, Bowen S, Jallow N, Forrest L, Jeraj R. WE-C-WAB-01: Intratumor Correlations of FDG, FLT, and Cu-ATSM PET in Canine Tumors: Implications for Dose Painting. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4815537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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27
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Bowen S. SP-0014: How much can we trust PET? (PET uncertainties). Radiother Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)32320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wilson JA, Bowen S, Branch CL, Meredith JW. Review of 31 cases of anterior thoracolumbar fixation with the anterior thoracolumbar locking plate system. Neurosurg Focus 2012; 7:e1. [PMID: 16918232 DOI: 10.3171/foc.1999.7.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Anterior fixation devices for the thoracolumbar spine have gained wide acceptance as viable alternatives to long-segment posterior fixation in cases of thoracolumbar spine trauma. This review was undertaken to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Synthes anterior thoracolumbar locking plate (ATLP) system. Over a 3-year period, 31 patients with unstable traumatic fractures of the thoracolumbar spine underwent corpectomy, placement of a structural bone graft, and anterior fixation in which the Synthes ATLP system was used. Long-term follow-up data were obtained in 29 patients. Two patients were lost to follow up, one at 4 months and the other at 1 year. In the remaining patients, the average length of follow up was 20 months. In all patients radiographic evidence of solid bone fusion was demonstrated on follow-up plain x-ray films, and there were no signs or symptoms of pseudarthrosis. No patient suffered neurological deterioration as a result of surgery, and there was relatively little morbidity associated with this plating system. To date, none of the patients in this study has developed any delayed complications related to the fixation device. In one patient, who had sustained a severe flexion injury, loosening of the anterior fixation device occurred, and the patient developed progressive kyphosis, which required a posterior stabilization procedure. These results appear slightly better than those obtained in published studies in which other anterior plating systems were used, indicating that this system is safe and effective in the treatment of unstable fractures of the thoracolumbar spine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Wilson
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Pfister L, Chan KR, Bui TP, Bowen S, Legg M, Gary B, Kelly K, Proffitt M, Starr W. Gravity waves generated by a tropical cyclone during the STEP tropical field program: A case study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/92jd01679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bowen J, Southgate R, Ali A, Little S, Liakos A, Greaves F, Strachan J, Baraco A, Adem G, Abdillahi M, Handuleh J, Reed K, Walker F, Zeron J, Strachan M, Bowen S, Hellyer T, Hersheson J, Whitwell S, Fyfe M, Phillips J, Trim C, Johnson O, Leather A, Al-Hadithy N, Finlayson A. Can UK healthcare workers remotely support medical education in the developing world?: Focus group evaluation. JRSM Short Rep 2012; 3:47. [PMID: 22908028 PMCID: PMC3422851 DOI: 10.1258/shorts.2012.011171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the feasibility of providing regular, live, text-based teaching to medical students and junior doctors in Somaliland using a dedicated case-based medical education website (www.MedicineAfrica.com). Design Review of MedicineAfrica database for details of teaching sessions held in Somaliland from December 2008-October 2010 and evaluation of user experiences through focus groups. Setting King's College Hospital, London, UK and Ahmoud University, Borama, Somaliland. Participants Final year medical students, newly graduated interns and second year interns at Ahmoud University, Borama, Somaliland. Main outcome measures Qualitative and quantitative user rating of online case-based tutorials in the context of pre-existing educational opportunities available to them. Results Regular online teaching sessions are received enthusiastically by students and junior doctors and are reported to improve their clinical practice. Conclusions Despite technological limitations in Somaliland, a live text-based teaching service can be delivered effectively and streamlined with local curricula. This represents an alternative to traditional static teaching methodologies currently used in international medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jst Bowen
- Geriatrics Department, Royal Berkshire Hospital , Reading , UK
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Bowen S, Kurz AS. Smoking, Nicotine Dependence, and Motives to Quit in Asian American Versus Caucasian College Students. Nicotine Tob Res 2011; 14:1235-40. [DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntr281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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32
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Allender S, Osborne R, Bowen S, Shiell A, Hawe P, Swinburn B. Measuring the ‘system’ in whole of system approaches to obesity prevention. Obes Res Clin Pract 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Bowen S, Chappell R, Bentzen S, Deveau M, Forrest L, Jeraj R. TU-A-BRC-04: Quantifying the Predictive Power of Multiparametric PET Imaging in a Prospective Veterinary Dose Escalation Trial through Voxel Regression. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3613080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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34
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McCall K, Jallow N, Bowen S, Deveau M, Forrest L, Jeraj R. WE-G-214-03: Investigating the Repeatability of Quantitative PET Imaging of Heterogeneous Tumors. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3613424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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35
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Yip S, Bowen S, Jeraj R. TU-A-BRC-08: Impact of Deformable Image Registration on Determining Phenotype Correlations through the Course of Therapy. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3613084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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36
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Bradshaw T, Bowen S, Jeraj R. SU-E-T-842: Robust Optimization of Dose Painting Treatment Plans Using Dosimetric Margins. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3612806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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37
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Forde JC, O'Connor KM, Casey L, O'Brien M, Bowen S, Casey RG, Ahmed I, McDermott TE, Grainger R, Lynch TH. A rapid access diagnostic clinic for prostate cancer: the experience after one year. Ir J Med Sci 2011; 180:505-8. [PMID: 21293947 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-011-0695-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The National Cancer Control Programme is developing standards for access to diagnostics and treatment of prostate cancer. The Rapid Access Prostate Cancer (RAPC) clinic in St. James's Hospital commenced in May 2009 allowing general practitioners (GPs) more streamlined access for patients. AIMS To demonstrate that RAPC clinics allow GPs direct access to a designated cancer centre improving the prostate cancer referral process. This ultimately should reduce referral delays. METHODS A prospective analysis of all patients referred to the RAPC clinic in St. James's Hospital over a 12-month period beginning from May 2009. RESULTS Over the 12-month period 215 patients were referred to the RAPC clinic. The median age was 63 years (range 45-78). The median waiting time between referral and review at the RAPC clinic was 13 days (range 1-37). The median PSA was 7.7 μg/L (range 2.6-150). In total 199 TRUS biopsies were performed, of which 46% were positive for prostate cancer. We found that 70% of all patients had a PSA ≤ 10 μg/L and of these 32% were positive for prostate cancer. For the remaining 30% of patients who had a PSA > 10 μg/L, we found 63% were positive for prostate cancer. Regarding patients diagnosed with prostate cancer 56% have been referred for radiotherapy, 13% for surgery, 13% for hormonal treatment, 10% for active surveillance and 8% watchful waiting. CONCLUSION RAPC clinics allow GPs easier access to specialist urological opinion for patients suspected of having prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Forde
- Department of Urology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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Waltenburg R, Kobrynski L, Reyes M, Bowen S, Khoury MJ. Primary immunodeficiency diseases: Practice among primary care providers and awareness among the general public, United States, 2008. Genet Med 2010; 12:792-800. [DOI: 10.1097/gim.0b013e3181f3e2c9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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39
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Bowen S, Bentzen S, Jeraj R. MO-D-204B-01: Characterizing Uncertainties in Hypoxia Imaging-Based Dose Painting Prescriptions. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3469062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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40
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Deveau M, Bowen S, Westerly D, Jeraj R. SU-GG-T-113: Impact of Treatment Planning Optimization Parameters on Dose Painting Plans. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3468502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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41
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McCall K, Bowen S, Jaskowiak C, McNall M, Rice S, Jeraj R. SU-GG-J-139: Quantitative PET Imaging of Heterogeneous Tumors: The Dosimetric Effect of Patient Motion on Image-Based Dose Painting Plans. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3468363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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42
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Grudzinski J, Bowen S, Tome W, Weichert J, Jeraj R. SU-FF-T-458: Complementing Targeted Radionuclide Therapy with External Beam Radiotherapy: Planning Study. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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43
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Bowen S, van der Kogel A, Bentzen S, Jeraj R. TH-D-304A-06: Comparison of Cu-ATSM and FMISO Uptake to Variations in Oxygen Tension. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3182698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Barbee D, Bowen S, Flynn R, Holden J, Jeraj R. SU-FF-J-176: Assessing the Impact of Partial Volume Correction On Dose Painting. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Kissick M, Mo X, Westerly D, Flynn R, Bowen S, Schubert L, Jeraj R, Mackie T. SU-FF-T-180: Tomotherapy Dose Painting Delivery Robust to Respiratory Motion. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Khoury M, Bowen S, Bradley L, Coates R, Dowling N, Gwinn M, Kolor K, Moore C, St. Pierre J, Valdez R, Yoon P. A Decade of Public Health Genomics in the United States: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1997–2007. Public Health Genomics 2009; 12:20-9. [DOI: 10.1159/000153427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Bowen S, Flynn R, Bentzen S, Jeraj R. SU-DD-A1-04: Impact of Prescription Dose Gradient Discretization On Dose Painting. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2961353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Budhram-Mahadeo VS, Irshad S, Bowen S, Lee SA, Samady L, Tonini GP, Latchman DS. Proliferation-associated Brn-3b transcription factor can activate cyclin D1 expression in neuroblastoma and breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2008; 27:145-54. [PMID: 17637757 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Brn-3b transcription factor enhances proliferation of neuroblastoma (NB) and breast cancer cell lines in vitro and increases the rate and size of in vivo tumour growth, whereas reducing Brn-3b slows growth, both in vitro and in vivo. Brn-3b is elevated in >65% of breast cancer biopsies, and here we demonstrate that Brn-3b is also elevated in NB tumours. We show a significant correlation between Brn-3b and cyclin D1 (CD1) in breast cancers and NB tumours and cell lines. Brn-3b directly transactivates the CD1 promoter in co-transfection experiments, whereas electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrate that Brn-3b protein binds to an octamer sequence located in the proximal CD1 promoter. Site-directed mutagenesis of this sequence resulted in loss of transactivation of the CD1 promoter by Brn-3b. Thus, Brn-3b may act to alter growth properties of breast cancer and NB cells by enhancing CD1 expression in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Budhram-Mahadeo
- Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
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Khoury MJ, Gwinn M, Burke W, Bowen S, Zimmern R. Will genomics widen or help heal the schism between medicine and public health? Am J Prev Med 2007; 33:310-7. [PMID: 17888858 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2007] [Revised: 04/09/2007] [Accepted: 05/25/2007] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We discuss the "schism" between medicine and public health in light of advances in genomics and the expected evolution of health care toward personalized treatment and prevention. Undoubtedly, genomics could deepen the divide between the two worlds, but it also represents an important and perhaps unique opportunity for healing the schism, given the volume of new scientific discoveries and their potential applications in all areas of health and disease. We argue that the integration of genomics into health care and disease prevention requires a strong medicine-public health partnership in the context of a population approach to a translational research agenda that includes four overlapping areas: (1) a joint focus on prevention-a traditional public health concern but now a promise of genomics in the realm of individualized primary prevention and early detection, (2) a population perspective, which requires a large amount of population-level data to validate gene discoveries for clinical applications, (3) commitment to evidence-based knowledge integration with thousands of potential genomic applications in practice, and (4) emphasis on health services research to evaluate outcomes, costs, and benefits in the real world. A strong medicine-public health partnership in the genomics era is needed for the translation of all scientific discoveries for the benefit of population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muin J Khoury
- National Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
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