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Siew ZY, Lai ZJ, Ho QY, Ter HC, Ho SH, Wong ST, Gani M, Leong PP, Voon K. Bat coronavirus was detected positive from insectivorous bats in Krau Wildlife Reserve Forest. Trop Biomed 2023; 40:462-470. [PMID: 38308834 DOI: 10.47665/tb.40.4.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Bats are flying mammals with unique immune systems that allow them to hold many pathogens. Hence, they are recognised as the reservoir of many zoonotic pathogens. In this study, we performed molecular detection to detect coronaviruses, paramyxoviruses, pteropine orthoreoviruses and dengue viruses from samples collected from insectivorous bats in Krau Reserve Forest. One faecal sample from Rhinolophus spp. was detected positive for coronavirus. Based on BLASTN, phylogenetic analysis and pairwise alignment-based sequence identity calculation, the detected bat coronavirus is most likely to be a bat betacoronavirus lineage slightly different from coronavirus from China, Philippines, Thailand and Luxembourg. In summary, continuous surveillance of bat virome should be encouraged, as Krau Reserve Forest reported a wide spectrum of biodiversity of insectivorous and fruit bats. Moreover, the usage of primers for the broad detection of viruses should be reconsidered because geographical variations might possibly affect the sensitivity of primers in a molecular approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Siew
- University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Z J Lai
- International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Q Y Ho
- International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H C Ter
- International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S H Ho
- International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S T Wong
- International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Gani
- Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia, 56100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - P P Leong
- University of Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Sg. Long, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - K Voon
- University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
- International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION For acute ischaemic stroke patients, treatment with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator within a 4.5-hour therapeutic window is essential. We aimed to assess the time delays experienced by stroke patients arriving at the emergency department and to compare ambulance users and non-ambulance users. METHODS We performed a prospective cohort study in a tertiary hospital in Hong Kong. All acute stroke patients attending the emergency department from January to June 2017 were recruited. Patients who were in hospital at the time of stroke onset and those who transferred from other hospitals were excluded. Three phases were compared between ambulance users and non-ambulance users: phase I, between stroke onset and calling for help; phase II, between calling for help and arriving at the emergency department; and phase III, between arriving and receiving medical assessment. RESULTS Of 102 consecutive patients recruited, 48 (47%) patients arrived at the emergency department by ambulance. The percentage of stroke patients attending emergency department within the therapeutic window was significantly higher for ambulance users than for non-ambulance users (64.6% vs 29.6%; P<0.001). For phases I, II and III, the median times were significantly shorter for ambulance users (77.5, 32 and 8 min, respectively) than for non-ambulance users (720, 44.5 and 15 min, respectively; all P<0.001). CONCLUSION Transport of patients to the emergency department by ambulance is important for timely and effective stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Lau
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Laichikok, Hong Kong
| | - E L Yu
- Clinical Research Centre, Princess Margaret Hospital, Laichikok, Hong Kong
| | - M F Lee
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Laichikok, Hong Kong
| | - S H Ho
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Laichikok, Hong Kong
| | - P M Ng
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Laichikok, Hong Kong
| | - C S Leung
- Accident and Emergency Department, Princess Margaret Hospital, Laichikok, Hong Kong
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Cheng KC, Yiu MK, Ho SH, Ng TL, Tsu HL, Ma WK. Initial results of selective renal parenchymal clamping with an adjustable kidney clamp in nephron-sparing surgery: an easy way to minimise renal ischaemia. Hong Kong Med J 2016; 22:563-9. [PMID: 27468964 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj154746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A renal parenchymal clamp has been used at our centre since March 2012. It is used in position over the kidney to achieve optimal vascular control of a tumour while minimising parenchymal ischaemia. This study aimed to report the feasibility, surgical outcome, and oncological control of a kidney clamp in partial nephrectomy. METHODS This study was conducted at a teaching hospital in Hong Kong. Partial nephrectomies performed from January 2009 to March 2015 were reviewed. The tumour characteristics and surgical outcomes of kidney clamp were studied and compared with traditional hilar clamping. RESULTS A total of 92 patients were identified during the study period. Kidney clamps were used in 20 patients and hilar clamping in 72, with a mean follow-up of 27 and 37 months, respectively. For patients in whom a kidney clamp was applied, all tumours were exophytic to a different extent and the majority (90%) were located at the polar region. The PADUA (preoperative aspects and dimensions used for an anatomical) classification nephrometry score was also lower than those in whom hilar clamping was used (7.07 vs 8.34; P=0.002). The clamp was used in open, laparoscopic, and robot-assisted surgery. Operating time was shorter (207 ± 72 mins vs 306 ± 80 mins; P<0.001) and estimated blood loss was lower (205 ± 191 mL vs 331 ± 275 mL; P=0.045) with kidney clamp. No acute kidney injury occurred. Postoperative renal function was comparable between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Partial nephrectomy using parenchymal clamping is safe and feasible in selected cases. The postoperative renal function and oncological control were satisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - M K Yiu
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - S H Ho
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - T L Ng
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - H L Tsu
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - W K Ma
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Yao K, Uedo N, Muto M, Ishikawa H, Cardona HJ, Filho ECC, Pittayanon R, Olano C, Yao F, Parra-Blanco A, Ho SH, Avendano AG, Piscoya A, Fedorov E, Bialek AP, Mitrakov A, Caro L, Gonen C, Dolwani S, Farca A, Cuaresma LF, Bonilla JJ, Kasetsermwiriya W, Ragunath K, Kim SE, Marini M, Li H, Cimmino DG, Piskorz MM, Iacopini F, So JB, Yamazaki K, Kim GH, Ang TL, Milhomem-Cardoso DM, Waldbaum CA, Carvajal WAP, Hayward CM, Singh R, Banerjee R, Anagnostopoulos GK, Takahashi Y. Development of an E-learning System for the Endoscopic Diagnosis of Early Gastric Cancer: An International Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. EBioMedicine 2016; 9:140-147. [PMID: 27333048 PMCID: PMC4972485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In many countries, gastric cancer is not diagnosed until an advanced stage. An Internet-based e-learning system to improve the ability of endoscopists to diagnose gastric cancer at an early stage was developed and was evaluated for its effectiveness. Methods The study was designed as a randomized controlled trial. After receiving a pre-test, participants were randomly allocated to either an e-learning or non-e-learning group. Only those in the e-learning group gained access to the e-learning system. Two months after the pre-test, both groups received a post-test. The primary endpoint was the difference between the two groups regarding the rate of improvement of their test results. Findings 515 endoscopists from 35 countries were assessed for eligibility, and 332 were enrolled in the study, with 166 allocated to each group. Of these, 151 participants in the e-learning group and 144 in the non-e-learning group were included in the analysis. The mean improvement rate (standard deviation) in the e-learning and non-e-learning groups was 1·24 (0·26) and 1·00 (0·16), respectively (P < 0·001). Interpretation This global study clearly demonstrated the efficacy of an e-learning system to expand knowledge and provide invaluable experience regarding the endoscopic detection of early gastric cancer (R000012039). This report establishes that an e-learning system on the Internet can improve the diagnostic ability of endoscopists. Countless endoscopists worldwide can access the system to learn how to make an endoscopic diagnosis of early gastric cancer. The e-learning system could be modified to provide education regarding endoscopic diagnosis in other organs.
This is the first report to demonstrate how an e-learning system based on the Internet can improve the diagnostic ability of gastrointestinal endoscopists worldwide. There is no limit to the number of endoscopists who can access the system and benefit from this opportunity to learn how to make an endoscopic diagnosis of early gastric cancer. This e-learning system could be modified to provide education regarding endoscopic diagnosis in other organs such as the large intestine and the esophagus, as well as the stomach. It may contribute to human welfare and health by reducing the mortality from gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yao
- Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Japan.
| | - N Uedo
- Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Muto
- Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - H Ishikawa
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - R Pittayanon
- King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross and Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - C Olano
- Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - F Yao
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - A Parra-Blanco
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica De Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - S H Ho
- University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A G Avendano
- Hospital Rafael Angel Calderon Guardia, CCSS, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - A Piscoya
- Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | - E Fedorov
- Russia National Medical University, Moscow University Hospital, N31, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - A P Bialek
- Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - A Mitrakov
- Nizhniy Novgorod Cancer Hospital, Nizhniy Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - L Caro
- GEDyt Gastroenterologia diagnostica y tratamiento Inst afiliafa a la UBA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Gonen
- Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Dolwani
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - A Farca
- The American British Cowdray Medical Center. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L F Cuaresma
- Hospital Nacional Adolfo Guevara Velasco, Cusco, Peru
| | - J J Bonilla
- i-gastro/Hospital Central de la Fuerza Aerea del Peru, Lima, Peru
| | - W Kasetsermwiriya
- Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - K Ragunath
- NIHR Nottingham Digestive Disease Biomedical Research Unit, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - S E Kim
- Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - M Marini
- Gastroenterology and Operative Endoscopy Unit, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - H Li
- Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan, Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | | | - M M Piskorz
- Hospital de Clinicas Jose de San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Iacopini
- Ospedale S. Giuseppe, ASL Roma 6, Albano L, Rome, Italy
| | - J B So
- National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - K Yamazaki
- University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - G H Kim
- Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - T L Ang
- Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - C A Waldbaum
- Hospital de Clinicas Jose de San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - C M Hayward
- Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - R Singh
- Lyell McEwin Hospital & University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - R Banerjee
- Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India
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Suck G, Oei VYS, Linn YC, Ho SH, Chu S, Choong A, Niam M, Koh MBC. Interleukin-15 supports generation of highly potent clinical-grade natural killer cells in long-term cultures for targeting hematological malignancies. Exp Hematol 2011; 39:904-14. [PMID: 21703984 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin (IL)-15 is a promising novel cytokine for natural killer (NK) cell activation and survival. We studied the effects of IL-15 compared to IL-2 on NK cells in long-term cultures for clinical translation. MATERIALS AND METHODS CD56(+)CD3(-) NK cells were expanded with IL-2 or IL-15 for 2 to 4 weeks within lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell cultures (LAK-NK) in serum-enriched AIM V or CellGro Stem Cell Growth Medium (SCGM). Cell growth, viability, and NK cell content were monitored and cytotoxicity assessed in a flow cytometric cytotoxicity assay. RESULTS IL-15 (100-1000 U/mL) could replace IL-2 (1000 U/mL) in AIM V cultures to achieve efficient LAK cell expansion. However, IL-15-stimulated LAK cells exceeded cytotoxicity of IL-2-stimulated LAK cells against K562, notably at later culture points. In the powerful CellGro SCGM, LAK cells expanded over 28 days an average of 905-fold ± 320-fold standard error of the mean (SEM) for IL-2 (500 U/mL) and 484-fold ± 98-fold SEM for IL-15 (500 U/mL), and NK cells within such LAK cultures expanded an average of 2320-fold ± 975-fold SEM for IL-2 and 1084-fold ± 309-fold SEM for IL-15. Importantly, such IL-15-activated LAK-NK cells retained enhanced cytotoxicity at later culture points against K562 as well. IL-15-stimulated effectors were also highly cytotoxic against hematological targets MOLT-4 and KU812 and nontoxic against autologous nonmalignant cells. Interestingly, IL-15-LAK-NK cells showed overall significant upregulation of the main activating and inhibitory NK cell receptors after long-term cytokine stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the potential for IL-15 to support large-scale expansion of clinical-grade LAK-NK effectors, which could retain enhanced longer-term potency and preserve activation receptors in therapy of hematological malignancies. Protocols are readily clinically translatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garnet Suck
- Blood Services Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore.
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Lee YM, Choi WH, Kim YB, Ha CS, Song CW, Lee M, Joo CW, Hong Y, Ho SH, Kim S, Kim JM, Koh WS. Toxicity of repeated intravenous injection of gene therapeutics for X-CGD in mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2008; 27:401-7. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327108094611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We made gene therapeutics for X-chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) by transducing murine bone marrow-derived stem cells with MT-gp91 retrovirus and evaluated possible toxicity in mice as a prerequisite for human clinical trials. Male C57BL/6 mice were injected intravenously with gene therapeutics for X-CGD twice at an interval of two weeks at 5 × 107 cells/kg and sacrificed 2 weeks after the last administration. Significant changes noted in gene therapeutics for X-CGD-treated animals were an increase in white blood cell counts and a slight decrease in albumin/globulin ratio. The red pulp hyperplasia in the spleen accompanied with an increase in organ weight was considered to result from the accumulation of gene therapeutics for X-CGD, bone marrow-derived stem cells, in the spleen. No anti-gp91 antibody was detected in the sera collected from the animals treated with gene therapeutics for X-CGD. No integration of gp91 DNA from retroviral vector was detected in chromosomal DNA of gonads in animals dosed with the test substance, indicating no potential of genomic integration. In conclusion, the repeated dose of gene therapeutics for X-CGD exerted no toxicity. The splenic red pulp hyperplasia and the increase observed in white blood cell counts and in spleen weights were considered as pharmacological changes induced by the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- YM Lee
- Department of Nonclinical Studies, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Yusung-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - WH Choi
- Department of Nonclinical Studies, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Yusung-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - YB Kim
- Department of Nonclinical Studies, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Yusung-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - CS Ha
- Department of Nonclinical Studies, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Yusung-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - CW Song
- Department of Nonclinical Studies, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Yusung-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - M Lee
- Department of Biology, University of Incheon, Incheon, Korea
| | - CW Joo
- Research and Development Center, ViroMed, Kwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y Hong
- Research and Development Center, ViroMed, Kwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - SH Ho
- Research and Development Center, ViroMed, Kwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Kim
- Research and Development Center, ViroMed, Kwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - JM Kim
- Research and Development Center, ViroMed, Kwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - WS Koh
- Department of Nonclinical Studies, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Yusung-gu, Daejeon, Korea
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Choy SW, Wong YM, Ho SH, Chow KL. C. elegans SIN-3 and its associated HDAC corepressor complex act as mediators of male sensory ray development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 358:802-7. [PMID: 17506990 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.04.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2007] [Accepted: 04/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mab21 gene family members are required for embryonic development and sensory organ formation in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, their mechanistic role on differentiation is largely unexplored. We report here the isolation of SIN-3 as a MAB-21 interacting molecule. sin-3 is co-expressed with mab-21 in the ray structural cells and genetically interacts with mab-21 to control sensory organ development. Using pharmacological and RNAi approaches, we demonstrated that histone deacetylase and conserved SIN-3-associated components are required for ray patterning. Conserved physical interactions between these components were also observed, implicating the recruitment of HDAC complex by MAB-21/SIN-3 may occur to determine ray identity in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Choy
- Department of Biology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Wee HM, Ho SH, Tan PH. Recurrent prostatic stromal tumour of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) presenting with urinary retention 6 Years after transurethral resection of prostate (TURP). Ann Acad Med Singap 2005; 34:441-2. [PMID: 16123818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 56-year-old Chinese male with previously diagnosed prostatic stromal tumour of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) presented with urinary retention 6 years after transurethral resection of prostate (TURP). TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Cystoscopy showed a papillary tumour of the prostatic urethra causing near-complete obstruction. Repeat TURP was performed. He has been asymptomatic since. CONCLUSION There has been fewer than 100 cases of this lesion reported worldwide. Definitive treatment is not well established. Longterm follow-up to monitor progression and possible recurrence is required, and repeat TURP or radical surgery may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Wee
- Department of General Surgery, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
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Fong YK, Ho SH, Peh OH, Ng FC, Lim PHC, Quek PLC, Ng KK. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy and intracorporeal lithotripsy for proximal ureteric calculi--a comparative assessment of efficacy and safety. Ann Acad Med Singap 2004; 33:80-3. [PMID: 15008569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) is the treatment modality of choice of many urologists for proximal ureteric calculi. In this study, we compared the efficacy and safety of ESWL versus ureteroscopy with holmium laser lithotripsy for the treatment of this group of stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between May 1999 and October 2000, 50 patients had ESWL and another 51 patients underwent ureteroscopy with holmium laser lithotripsy for proximal ureteric calculi. The two groups were similar in age, sex ratio and stone size. ESWL was performed with the Dornier Compact lithotriptor whereas holmium laser lithotripsy was performed via retrograde ureteric access with a Wolf 7.5 Fr semirigid ureteroscope. RESULTS Ureteroscopy with holmium laser lithotripsy was significantly better in terms of the mean procedure time (56 min in ESWL; 25 min in ureteroscopy; P < 0.001) and the 1-month stone free rate (50% in ESWL; 80% in ureteroscopy; P = 0.001). The 3-month stone free rate was also higher for ureteroscopy (78% in ESWL; 90% in ureteroscopy) but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.09). Minor complications of steinstrasse (6%) occurred in ESWL and proximal stone migration (8%) occurred during ureteroscopy. CONCLUSION Ureteroscopy with holmium laser lithotripsy is a viable and safe alternative to ESWL for the management of proximal ureteric calculi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Fong
- Department of Urology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore.
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10
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Abstract
Allele frequencies for the 15 STR loci included in the PowerPlex 16 kit were obtained from a sample of 247 unrelated Chinese in Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Law
- Forensic Science Division, Hong Kong Government Laboratory, Homantin Government Offices, 88 Chung Hau Street, Kowloon, SAR, Hong Kong, China.
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Teh HS, Lin MBK, Tsou IYY, Khoo TK, Lim PHC, Ng FC, Chin CM, Peh SOH, Ho SH, Ng KK, Fong YK. Penile colour duplex ultrasonography as a screening tool for venogenic erectile dysfunction. Ann Acad Med Singap 2002; 31:165-9. [PMID: 11957552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vasculogenic impotence is one of the major causes of erectile dysfunction. Cavernosometry and cavernosography is traditionally the gold standard for evaluation of venogenic impotence. However, it is invasive and there are potentially significant complications. Penile colour flow Doppler imaging (PCDI) is non-invasive and can be used to assess venous incompetence. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and sixty-eight patients were referred for PCDI assessment from March 1998 to February 2001. Forty-three of these also had cavernosogram and cavernosometry done and were included in the study. RESULTS The sensitivity was 93.9%, the specificity was 90.0%, the accuracy was 93.0% with a negative predictive value of 81.8% and a positive predictive value of 96.9%. Kappa value of 0.81 was obtained, indicating excellent agreement between PCDI and cavernosogram and cavernometry. CONCLUSIONS Penile colour flow Doppler imaging is accurate in the assessment of venogenic erectile dysfunction. It can replace cavernometry and cavernosogram as a screening tool. Cavernometry and cavernosogram should only be done in cases when PCDI suggests venogenic impotence, and when surgery is contemplated.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Teh
- Department of Radiology, Changi General Hospital, 2, Simei Street 3, Singapore 529889.
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Peh OH, Lim PH, Ng FC, Chin CM, Quek P, Ho SH. Holmium laser lithotripsy in the management of ureteric calculi. Ann Acad Med Singap 2001; 30:563-7. [PMID: 11817280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the holmium:YAG laser in retrograde ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy of ureteric calculi. METHODS Three hundred and twenty-five patients (256 males and 69 females) with mean age of 45 years underwent 328 retrograde ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy as the primary therapy for ureteric calculi using semirigid mini-ureteroscopes and the holmium:YAG laser (Coherent, Palo Alto, California, USA). Four consultants and three registrars performed the procedures over a period of 31 months. RESULTS The mean largest diameter of the calculi was 8.4 mm. The mean hospital stay was 1.8 days and the mean duration for the operation was 25 minutes. One hundred and twenty-two (37%) procedures were done as day surgery cases. Complete stone-free rates after single primary treatment using only the holmium:YAG laser were 75% and 91% at 4 weeks and 12 weeks of follow-up, respectively. Including 22 (7.6%) renal units which required additional procedures, the overall stone-free rate was 97%. Seventeen cases (5.2%) needed additional extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and 5 cases (1.5%) needed an additional repeat ureteroscopy and lithotripsy for complete stone clearance. Significant complications include 1 case of ureteric perforation. CONCLUSIONS The holmium:YAG is a safe and effective intracorporeal lithotripter when deployed in a retrograde manner in conjunction with a mini-ureteroscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- O H Peh
- Department of Urology, Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore 529889.
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Abstract
The male tail sensory rays in Caenorhabditis elegans are complex copulatory structures, the normal patterning of which requires a number of regulatory genes. Among them, mab-21 specifies the identity of sensory ray 6. By using green fluorescent protein reporters, we identify multiple cis-acting elements that control the developmental expression of mab-21. Traced with a functional mab-21:gfp gene driven by authentic regulatory sequences, mab-21 expression could be detected in hypodermal, neuronal, muscle, and ray cells. We showed here that the expression of mab-21 in the hypodermis and neuronal cells was dispensable for its function in ray 6. In contrast, its expression in the ray 6 structural cell and neurons as conferred by its 3' enhancer was crucial for determining the correct ray 6 identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Ho
- Department of Biology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Abstract
This study examined the characteristics of the knowledge discovery and data mining algorithms to demonstrate how they can be used to predict health outcomes and provide policy information for hypertension management using the Korea Medical Insurance Corporation database. Specifically, this study validated the predictive power of data mining algorithms by comparing the performance of logistic regression and two decision tree algorithms, CHIAD (Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection) and C5.0 (a variant of C4.5) using the test set of 4588 beneficiaries and the training set of 13,689 beneficiaries. Contrary to the previous study, the CHIAD algorithm performed better than the logistic regression in predicting hypertension, and C5.0 had the lowest predictive power. In addition, the CHIAD algorithm and the association rule also provided the segment-specific information for the risk factors and target group that may be used in a policy analysis for hypertension management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Chae
- Graduate School of Health Policy and Administration, Yonsei University, CPO Box 8044, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea.
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15
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Abstract
Streptococcal pharyngitis has been a significant public health problem in Vietnam for many years. Accurate diagnosis of the infection, however, has been difficult. We carried out a clinical trial of a rapid streptococcal antigen detection test (Quick-Vue (R) Flex Strep A) on a population of 777 children with pharyngitis seen at the Institute for the Protection of Children's Health (Children's Hospital) in Hanoi, Vietnam. Bacterial culture was performed in parallel with the rapid test on simultaneously obtained throat swab specimens. The rapid test was found to be 89% sensitive and 92% specific (96% in children not on prior antibiotics) compared to culture. The test was also found to be convenient and acceptable to patients and clinicians. A significant benefit of the test is that those children found positive are more likely to be treated with penicillin rather than a broad spectrum antimicrobial, which in turn will reduce the likelihood of resistant infections in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Finger
- Resource Exchange International-Vietnam, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
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Choo LE, Tang CS, Pang FY, Ho SH. Comparison of two bioassay methods for determining deltamethrin resistance in German cockroaches (Blattodea: Blattellidae). J Econ Entomol 2000; 93:905-910. [PMID: 10902348 DOI: 10.1603/0022-0493-93.3.905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Susceptibility to deltamethrin of 10 strains of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), trapped in hotel kitchens in Singapore was determined. Two resistance detection bioassay methods (topical application and World Health Organization glass jar method) were compared. Resistance ratios based on 50% knockdown, obtained by comparison with the S strain, ranged from 17.7 to 4,235 for topical application and from 2.2 to 22 for the glass jar method. A field strain, with consistently low resistance ratios (topical method = 17.7, glass jar method = 2.2), was identified as a potential field strain to be used as a baseline for comparison with other field strains. Resistance ratios for the other field strains obtained by comparison with the R5 strain ranged from 24.5 to 239 for topical application and from 1.2 to 9.8 for the glass jar method. The results of our study demonstrate that deltamethrin-resistant German cockroaches are numerous in Singapore. Comparison between the two bioassay methods showed that there was significant correlation between KD50 and KT50 values. The glass jar method is similar to field situations but topical application is sensitive enough to define the magnitude of resistance. Differences between the two detection bioassays and the factors governing the choice of bioassay in monitoring resistance in German cockroaches are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Choo
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Huang Y, Chen SX, Ho SH. Bioactivities of methyl allyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide from essential oil of garlic to two species of stored-product pests, Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). J Econ Entomol 2000; 93:537-543. [PMID: 10826211 DOI: 10.1603/0022-0493-93.2.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Two of the major constituents of the essential oil of garlic, Allium sativum L., methyl allyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide, were tested against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) for contact toxicity, fumigant toxicity, and antifeedant activity. The contact and fumigant toxicities of diallyl trisulfide were greater than that of methyl allyl disulfide to the adults of these two species of insects. These two compounds were also more toxic to T. castaneum adults than to S. zeamais adults. Older T. castaneum larvae were more susceptible to the contact toxicity of the two compound, whereas younger larvae were more susceptible to the fumigant toxicity of these compounds. Both compounds reduced egg hatching of T. castaneum and subsequent emergence of progeny. Diallyl trisulfide totally suppressed egg hatching at 0.32 mg/cm2, and larval and adult emergence at 0.08 mg/cm2. Methyl allyl disulfide significantly decreased the growth rate, food consumption, and food utilization of adults of both insect species, with feeding deterrence indices of 44% at 6.08 mg/g food for S. zeamais and 1.52 mg/g food for T. castaneum. However, it did not affect any nutritional indices of T. castaneum larvae. Diallyl trisulfide significantly reduced all of the nutritional indices in all of the insects tested. Feeding deterrence indices of 27 and 51% were obtained in S. zeamais adults and T. castaneum larvae, respectively, at the concentration of 2.98 mg/g food, whereas feeding deterrence of 85% was achieved in T. castaneum adults at a much lower concentration of 0.75 mg/g food. Hence, diallyl trisulfide is a more potent contact toxicant, fumigant and feeding deterrent than methyl allyl disulfide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore
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Chen DY, Ho SH, Liang KC. Startle responses to electric shocks: measurement of shock sensitivity and effects of morphine, buspirone and brain lesions. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2000; 43:35-47. [PMID: 10857467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study developed a new protocol to assess shock sensitivity in rats. Male Wistar rats were subjected to footshock stimuli ranging from 0 to 1.6 mA (0.1 s) in a startle apparatus and startle responses elicited by shocks were measured. Acoustic stimuli (95, 105, or 115 dB) were dispersed within the shock series serving as a control measurement of motor performance. Results indicated that the magnitude of shock startle responses significantly increased with the shock intensity in a linear trend. Morphine (8.0 mg/kg) and buspirone (1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 mg/kg), both of which possessing analgesic effects, depressed shock startle but had no such effect on acoustic startle. The effect of morphine was readily reversed by pretreatment of naloxone (1.0 mg/kg). To investigate the neural basis underlying this response, radio-frequency lesions of various structures implicated in processing of nociceptive or aversive information were undertaken. Lesions of the ventroposterior thalamic nucleus, insular cortex, or amygdala decreased startle reactivity to electric shocks but not to acoustic stimuli. Lesions of the anterior cingulate gyrus or medial prefrontal cortex, while altered the reactivity to acoustic stimuli, had no effect on the shock-elicited startle. These results suggested that the amplitude of startle in response to electric shocks provide a quantitative measurement of shock sensitivity within an extended range of stimulus intensities. Performing this response may engage the the central nociceptive pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Y Chen
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, ROC
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Au Eong KG, Low CH, Heng WJ, Aung T, Lim TH, Ho SH, Yong VS. Subjective visual experience during phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation under topical anesthesia. Ophthalmology 2000; 107:248-50. [PMID: 10690819 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(99)00080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the subjective visual experience of patients during phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation under topical anesthesia. DESIGN Postoperative questionnaire survey. PARTICIPANTS The study cohort consisted of 52 patients with cataracts. There were 18 male (34.6%) and 34 female (65.4%) patients. Their mean (+/- SD) age was 67.5 (+/-10.8) years. INTERVENTION The patients underwent routine phacoemulsification and IOL implantation under topical anesthesia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The patients were interviewed on the same day after their operation regarding their visual experience in the operated eye during surgery. RESULTS All patients (100%) reported that they could see at least some light during the surgery. Some patients reported they could also see one or more colors (50 patients, 96.2%), movements (32 patients, 61.5%), flashes (24 patients, 46.2%), the surgeon's fingers/hands (13 patients, 25%), instruments (12 patients, 23.1%), and/or the surgeon (4 patients, 7.7%). The colors seen included red (24 patients, 46.2%), yellow (23 patients, 44.2%), blue (12 patients, 23.1%), green (7 patients, 13.5%), and orange (6 patients, 11.5%). Eight patients (15.4%) saw the spectrum of colors similar to that of the rainbow. Twenty-four patients (46.2%) reported that the brightness of light changed during the course of the operation. Eight patients (15.4%) found their visual experience frightening. There was no statistically significant association between those who found the visual experience frightening and the sex or age of the patient, a history of cataract operation in the fellow eye, the type of visual sensation experienced, or the presence of coexisting ocular pathology. CONCLUSION All patients undergoing phacoemulsification under topical anesthesia experience a variety of visual sensations that may be frightening in a small proportion of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Au Eong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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20
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Abstract
The survival and differentiation of neuronal cells is dependent on factors such as neurotrophins, cytokines and components of extracellular matrix. Bone marrow stromal cells have been shown to support the growth and differentiation of neuroblastoma cells. In an attempt to study the effects of bone marrow stromal cells on neuronal differentiation, we have co-cultured neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid NG108-15 cells with human bone marrow stromal cells. After co-culturing, clones exhibiting morphological differentiated phenotype and high level of neurofilament expression were isolated. Interestingly, these clones maintain their ability to proliferate in contrast to differentiated NG108-15 cells induced by dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate. These results suggested that bone marrow stromal cells can induce partial differentiation of NG108-15 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Ho
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shatin N.T., China
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21
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Abstract
Patellofemoral pain may be associated with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency or may occur after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. We investigated the effects of the removal and reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament on the kinematics of the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints during physiologic levels of quadriceps muscle loads in seven cadaveric knees. A bone-patellar tendon-bone graft was used for intraarticular reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. The spatial positions of the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints were measured between 0 degrees and 90 degrees of knee flexion in 15 degrees increments with a six degree-of-freedom digitizing system. Excision of the anterior cruciate ligament resulted in statistically significant increases in anterior tibial translation between 0 degrees and 90 degrees and valgus tibial rotation between 30 degrees and 90 degrees; intraarticular reconstruction returned these to levels not significantly different from those of the intact knee. Excision of the anterior cruciate ligament resulted in significant increases in lateral patellar tilt, ranging from 6.3 degrees to 9.0 degrees between full extension and 90 degrees of knee flexion, and in lateral patellar shift, ranging from 2.9 mm at 15 degrees of knee flexion to 5.9 mm at 90 degrees; intraarticular reconstruction returned these to levels not significantly different from those of the intact knee. Neither removal nor reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament significantly affected tibial internal-external rotation, patellar flexion, patellar mediolateral rotation, patellar anteroposterior translation, or patellar proximodistal translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Hsieh
- The University of Chicago, Department of Surgery, Illinois 60637, USA
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22
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Abstract
This paper analyzed the relationship among the differential diagnosis, treatment, and results for allergic rhinitis using the covariance structural model. The data were collected from 274 patients with suspected allergic rhinitis who visited the Otorlaryngology Department of the Paik Hospital during 1991-1993. After each patient's characteristics was categorized and combined into several common factors, covariance structure analysis was performed to analyze the structural relationships among the differential diagnosis, treatment, and results of treatment using the significant factors obtained from discriminant analysis. The significant characteristics influenced the diagnosis were the results of skin test from mite/animal, and from mugworts, the results from laboratory tests, rhinorrhea and sneezing, and nasal polyps. The significant characteristics that influenced the method of treatment were: nasal polyps, headache/general symptom, family history/medication, and septal deviation. Headache/general symptom was the only significantly influencing factor for the treatment results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Chae
- Graduate School of Health Science and Management, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
On the basis of experimental study on 17 dogs, this paper reports on the variation of serum creatine kinase (SCK) with time in the early phase of wounding by spherical steel bullets at three different velocities and its relation with the kinetic energy absorbed by the tissue and with the amount of the excised necrotic tissue surrounding the wound tracks. The results showed that the energy absorbed by the tissue and the amount of the excised necrotic tissue surrounding the wound tracks increased with increasing velocity. Within a period of 6 hours after wounding the SCK activity increased correspondingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Zheng
- Institute of Surgery Research, Third Military Medical College, Chongqing, China
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Ho SH, Rieske JS. Differential labeling of the subunits of respiratory complex III with [3H]succinic anhydride, [14C]succinic anhydride, and p-diazobenzene-[35S]sulfonate. J Bioenerg Biomembr 1985; 17:333-48. [PMID: 3007448 DOI: 10.1007/bf00743107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of antimycin-treated Complex III (ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase) purified from bovine heart mitochondria to [3H]succinic anhydride plus [35S]p-diazobenzenesulfonate (DABS) resulted in somewhat uniform relative labeling of the eight measured subunits of the complex by [3H]succinic anhydride. In contrast, relative labeling by [35S]DABS was similar to [3H]succinic anhydride for the subunits of high molecular mass, i.e., core proteins, cytochromes, and the iron-sulfur protein, but greatly reduced for the polypeptides of molecular mass below 15 kDa. With Complex II depleted in the iron-sulfur protein the relative labeling of core protein I by exposure of the complex to [3H]succinic anhydride was significantly enhanced, whereas labeling of the polypeptides represented by SDS-PAGE bands 7 and 8 was significantly inhibited. Dual labeling of the subunits of Complex III by 14C- and 3H-labeled succinic anhydride before and after dissociation of the complex by sodium dodecyl sulfate, respectively, was measured with the complex in its oxidized, reduced, and antimycin-inhibited states. Subunits observed to be most accessible or reactive to succinic anhydride were core protein II, the iron-sulfur protein, and polypeptides of SDS-PAGE bands 7,8, and 9. Two additional polypeptides of molecular masses 23 and 12kDa, not normally resolved by gel-electrophoresis, were detected. Reduction of the complex resulted in a significant change of 14C/3H labeling ratio of core protein only, whereas treatment of the complex with antimycin resulted in decreases in 14C/3H labeling ratios of core proteins I and II, cytochrome c1, and a polypeptide of molecular mass 13kDa identified as an antimycin-binding protein.
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Ho SH, Das Gupta U, Rieske JS. Detection of antimycin-binding subunits of complex III by photoaffinity-labeling with an azido derivative of antimycin. J Bioenerg Biomembr 1985; 17:269-82. [PMID: 3003045 DOI: 10.1007/bf00751104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Deformamidoazidoantimycin A (DAA), a photoactive derivative of antimycin A containing an azido group substituting for the formamido group attached to the phenyl ring, was synthesized. The ultraviolet spectrum of DAA was almost identical to that of antimycin A, indicating little alteration of the electronic structure of the substituted phenyl ring by the azido substitution. However, the inhibitory effectiveness of DAA toward ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase (Complex III) purified from bovine heart (Ki = ca. 0.5 microM) was considerably less than that of antimycin (Ki less than or equal to 3 pM), indicating a direct rather than a supporting role of the formamido group in the inhibitory activity of antimycin. Exposure of purified Complex III to [3H]DAA plus ultraviolet light caused a major labeling by tritium of SDS-PAGE band 7 (m = 13 kDa by SDS-PAGE) and lesser but significant labeling of bands 3, 6, 8, and 9. Pretreatment of Complex III with antimycin greatly suppressed the labeling of bands 5, 6, and 7 but caused an apparent increased labeling of bands 8 and 9 by [3H]DAA, respectively. The labeling of band 7 by [3H]DAA also was strongly suppressed by reduction of Complex III by either sodium borohydride or ascorbate. Based on magnitude of labeling by [3H]DAA and the degree of suppression of labeling by antimycin, the protein of band 7 qualified as the principal component for specific binding of antimycin with the protein of band 6 (m = 16 kDa) showing a lesser but significant amount of specific binding.
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Abstract
The effect of deltamethrin on the hatching of eggs of two strains, susceptible (S) and resistant (R), of Plutella xylostella was investigated. Daily observations were made on the development of the embryos, hatching and larval mortality after treatment with different dosages of deltamethrin. This compound exhibited a dosage-mortality response against the S-strain eggs. The hatching of the R-strain eggs was also affected by deltamethrin but to a lesser extent. At least 50% of the S-strain larvae that hatched from the treated eggs died within a few hours, but the larvae of the R strain were more resistant. Seedlings treated with different dosages also showed a drop in egg hatching and less damage on the leaves. Deltamethrin had no effect on embryonic development.
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Abstract
Two photostable pyrethroids, deltamethrin and cypermethrin, were tested against fourth instar larvae of a susceptible (S) strain and a resistant (R) strain of Plutella xylostella L. by topical application. Both compounds were very effective against the S strain larvae (LD50 for deltamethrin = 0.0014 micrograms/larva, LD50 for cypermethrin = 0.0046 micrograms/larva, at 48 h). However, the R strain collected from the field was greater than 1600-fold resistant to deltamethrin and greater than 30 000-fold resistant to cypermethrin. Deltamethrin was poorly synergised with piperonyl butoxide in the S strain, but much stronger synergism was obtained in the R strain. The possible reasons for such high levels of resistance and the potential use of synergised pyrethroids in Plutella control programmes are discussed.
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Ho SH. The effects of phorate and some of its metabolites incorporated in an artificial diet on liquid uptake by Aphis fabae scop. Toxicol Lett 1983; 15:83-7. [PMID: 6836592 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4274(83)90173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
[14C]Phorate and some of its metabolites were incorporated in an artificial diet and their effects on liquid uptake by Aphis fabae were studied. At sublethal and very low toxicity levels of phorate there was a tendency for a reduction in feeding with increasing concentrations. [14C]Phorate sulphone, [14C]phorate sulphoxide and [14C]phoratoxon sulphoxide at high concentrations gave very low mortality figures, but a significant drop in liquid uptake occurred with increasing concentrations. The results demonstrate that the presence of the insecticide rendered the diet less acceptable to the aphids which exhibited a wandering behaviour that might promote transmission of virus diseases.
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VanRollins M, Ho SH, Greenwald JE, Alexander M, Dorman NJ, Wong LK, Horrocks LA. Separation by high performance liquid chromatography of arachidonic acid metabolites from rabbit platelets. Prog Lipid Res 1981; 20:783-5. [PMID: 7342129 DOI: 10.1016/0163-7827(81)90146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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VanRollins M, Ho SH, Greenwald JE, Alexander M, Dorman NJ, Wong LK, Horrocks LA. Complete separation by high performance liquid chromatography of metabolites of arachidonic acid from incubation with human and rabbit platelets. Prostaglandins 1980; 20:571-7. [PMID: 7422901 DOI: 10.1016/0090-6980(80)90044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Separation of all major cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid were obtained by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A C18 reverse-phase column was used in ion suppression mode to separate underivatized metabolites of arachidonic acid isolated from human and rabbit platelets. The metabolites were monitored by measuring radioactivity or ultraviolet light absorption at 192 nm (absorption by double bonds). Comparisons of TLC and HPLC separations demonstrated that the HPLC separation of metabolites of [1-14C]arachidonic acid was quantitative. HPLC also resolved several metabolites that were not detected by scanning of TLC separations.
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Cahill P, Tapia L, Hurley J, Ornstein E, Ho SH, Cheigh J, Stenzel KH, Rubin AL. Effects of methylprednisolone on transplanted kidneys assessed by 131I-hippuran and 99mtechnetium-DTPA renograms. Proc Clin Dial Transplant Forum 1976; 6:32-5. [PMID: 801064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Ho SH, Sudderluddin KI. An in vitro study of the non-specific esterases of the melon fly, Dacus cucurbitae Coq. and their reactions with organophosphate and carbamate compounds. Comp Biochem Physiol C Comp Pharmacol 1976; 54:95-7. [PMID: 8263 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4492(76)90070-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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