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Han SJ, Tian B, Dong SP. [Developing traditional medical heritage for further achievements in medical history and literature research-Commemorating the establishment of China Institute for History of Medicine and Medical Literature in the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine]. Zhonghua Yi Shi Za Zhi 2023; 53:214-221. [PMID: 37727000 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20221011-00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The Institute of Chinese Medical History and Literature in the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine was officially established on May 28, 1982. Its predecessor was the Medical History Research Office in the Chinese Medicine Institute of the Central Institute of Health, the Editorial Office of the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and the Theory and Literature Research Office of the Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Before that, the Research Office of Chinese Medical History and Literature in the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine was established in 1971. It made remarkable achievements in scientific research, personnel training and discipline construction in terms of medical history and literature. It was upgraded to the Institute with the approval of the Ministry of Health in 1980. After its establishment, the institute has benefited from great achievements.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Han
- China Institute for History of Medicine and Medical Literature, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - B Tian
- China Institute for History of Medicine and Medical Literature, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - S P Dong
- China Institute for History of Medicine and Medical Literature, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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2
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Kommers IO, Eijgelaar RS, Barkhof F, Bouget D, Pedersen A, Ardon H, Bello L, Berger MS, Bouwknegt W, Conti Nibali M, Furtner J, Han SJ, Han SJ, Hervey-Jumper S, Hervey-Jumper S, Idema AJS, Kiesel B, Kloet A, Nandoe Tewarie R, Mandonnet E, Reinertsen I, Robe PA, Rossi M, Sciortino T, Solheim O, van den Brink WA, Vandertop PW, Wagemakers M, Widhalm G, Witte MG, Zwinderman AH, De Witt Hamer PC. P11.37.B When to resect or biopsy for patients with supratentorial glioblastoma: a multivariable prediction model. Neuro Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac174.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The prospects of a patient with suspected glioblastoma may rely heavily on the indication for surgical resection versus biopsy only. Biopsy percentages vary considerably across hospitals and guidelines for treatment of glioblastoma lack criteria for surgical decision-making. To identify patient and tumor characteristics associated with the decision to resect or biopsy a glioblastoma and to develop and validate a prediction model for decision support.
Material and Methods
Clinical data and pre-operative MRI scans were collected for adults who underwent first-time surgery for supratentorial glioblastoma from a registry-based cohort study of 12 hospitals from the Netherlands, Germany, France, Italy, and the United States between 1st of January 2007 and 31st of December 2011. The main outcome was the type of surgical procedure: surgical resection or biopsy only. Predictors were patient- and tumor-related characteristics. Radiological factors were extracted from MRI using an automated tumor segmentation method. A prediction model was constructed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. The model was cross-validated and externally validated with a leave-one-hospital-out approach.
Results
Out of 1053 patients treated for glioblastoma, 28% underwent biopsy only. Biopsy rates varied from 15-40% across hospitals. The prediction model showed excellent discrimination with an average area under the curve of 0.86. Of the patient-related characteristics, younger age was associated more with resection and Karnofsky Performance Score of 60 or less with biopsy. Of the tumor-related characteristics, a location in the right hemisphere, unifocality, no tumor midline crossing, and no involvement of the cortical spinal tract, were associated with resection, as well as a high expected resectability index, a location in the right occipital lobe, and a higher percentage of tumor in Schaefer’s dorsal or ventral attention, limbic, and default networks. External validation proved acceptable to outstanding discrimination with areas under the curve ranging between 0.79 and 0.92 for hospitals.
Conclusion
A prediction model is presented and validated to support the decision to resect or to biopsy a patient with a suspected supratentorial glioblastoma. In this prediction model, tumor-related characteristics were more informative than patient-related factors. This may support surgical decision-making for individual patients, or facilitate comparisons of patient cohorts between surgeons or institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I O Kommers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit , Amsterdam , Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Brain Tumor Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - R S Eijgelaar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit , Amsterdam , Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Brain Tumor Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - F Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit , Amsterdam , Netherlands
- Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering, University College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - D Bouget
- Department of Health Research, SINTEF Digital , Trondheim , Norway
| | - A Pedersen
- Department of Health Research, SINTEF Digital , Trondheim , Norway
| | - H Ardon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Twee Steden Hospital , Tilburg , Netherlands
| | - L Bello
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Università Degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - M S Berger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco , San Fransisco, CA , United States
| | - W Bouwknegt
- Medische Kliniek Velsen , Velsen , Netherlands
| | - M Conti Nibali
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Università Degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - J Furtner
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna , Wien , Austria
| | - S J Han
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, OR , United States
| | - S J Han
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, OR , United States
| | - S Hervey-Jumper
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco , San Fransisco, CA , United States
| | - S Hervey-Jumper
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco , San Fransisco, CA , United States
| | - A J S Idema
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwest Clinics , Alkmaar , Netherlands
| | - B Kiesel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Vienna, , Wien , Austria
| | - A Kloet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center , The Hague , Netherlands
| | - R Nandoe Tewarie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center , The Hague , Netherlands
| | - E Mandonnet
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Hôpital Lariboisière , Paris , France
| | - I Reinertsen
- Department of Health Research, SINTEF Digital , Trondheim , Norway
| | - P A Robe
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands
| | - M Rossi
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Università Degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - T Sciortino
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Università Degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - O Solheim
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Olavs University Hospital , Trondheim , Norway
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway
| | | | - P W Vandertop
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit , Amsterdam , Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Brain Tumor Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - M Wagemakers
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , Netherlands
| | - G Widhalm
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Vienna , Wien , Austria
| | - M G Witte
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - A H Zwinderman
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - P C De Witt Hamer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit , Amsterdam , Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Brain Tumor Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers , Amsterdam , Netherlands
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Han SJ, Dong SP. [Tour of the History Exhibition Hall of the Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences: To commemorate the 65th anniversary of the Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences]. Zhonghua Yi Shi Za Zhi 2020; 50:323-340. [PMID: 33596609 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20191128-00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In 2015, 60th anniversary of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CACMS), the History Exhibition Hall of it was opened to the public. The History Exhibition Hall collecting 29504 pages of documents, and 26386 pictures, 1050 materials, reveal the history of founding and development of CACMS. 2020 is the 65th anniversary of CACMS. Taking the 87 groups representative collections as examples, briefly review the development history of CACMS from five aspects: figures, scientific research, medical treatment, education and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Han
- China Institute for History of Medicine and Medical Literature, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - S P Dong
- China Institute for History of Medicine and Medical Literature, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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Yang FY, Li YJ, Han SJ, Chen D, Wu LY, Xiao ZJ, Li CL, Xing NZ. [The preliminary clinical study on radical prostatectomy without preoperative prostate biopsy]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020; 100:2658-2662. [PMID: 32921013 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20200104-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the feasibility and safety of minimally invasive radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer patients without preoperative prostate biopsy in the new era of the continuous development of comprehensive new imaging diagnostic mode and minimally invasive surgery technology. Methods: From August 2018 to October 2019, 17 patients with prostate cancer were enrolled in this study in the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. All patients were highly suspected of prostate cancer by PSMA-PET/CT-based imaging diagnostic techniques and underwent 3D laparoscopic radical prostatectomy without prostate biopsy. The perioperative data, postoperative pathology, postoperative complications and follow-up results were recorded and analyzed. Results: The average age of 17 patients with prostate cancer was (65±7) years. The body mass index (BMI) average was (24.4±3.0) kg/m(2). The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score was 1 (1-2) and the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score was 1 (0-4). The preoperative value of PSA was (19±11) μg/L. The PSMA PET/CT showed abnormally high expression foci and the great possibility of prostate cancer for all the 17 patients. Prostate puncture biopsy: the results of prostate biopsy were negative in 3 cases. The digital rectal examination found that the prostate volume was Ⅰ or Ⅱ degree large, 10 cases touched hard and the nodule was touched in two cases. Three patients had undergone a previous prostate biopsy, but prostate cancer was not found. All the 17 operations were successfully performed without conversion to open surgery. The surgery time was (85±21) (range from 45 to 120) min, the estimated blood loss was (25±18) (range from5 to 100) ml, the time of intake of liquid diet was (14.3±4.4) h, the intestinal recovery time was (23±10) h, the postoperative activity time was (22±7) h, the drainage duration was (3.7±0.8) d, the postoperative hospital stay was (4.9±1.2) days, and the catheter removal time was (7.4±1.5) days. In the early postoperative period (within 30 days after surgery), no obvious complications occurred. The postoperative final pathology confirmed that all the 17 specimens were prostate cancer. After a median follow-up of 6.5 months, the patient's urinary control rate reached 81.3% at postoperative 1 month, 92.3% at postoperative 3 months after surgery, and the urinary control rate reached 100% at postoperative 6 months. Postoperative PSA value was (0.08±0.08) μg/L, significantly lower than preoperative PSA level (P<0.001). There was significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative QOL (Quality of life) score (57±5 and 47±5 respectively, P<0.001) which indicated that the patients' postoperative quality of life was greatly improved. Conclusions: It is safe and feasible to perform minimally invasive radical prostatectomy without preoperative prostate biopsy for patients with highly suspected prostate cancer by comprehensive diagnostic mode based on modern new imaging technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Y Yang
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Y J Li
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - S J Han
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - D Chen
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - L Y Wu
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Z J Xiao
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - C L Li
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - N Z Xing
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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5
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Barajas RF, Schwartz D, McConnell HL, Kersch CN, Li X, Hamilton BE, Starkey J, Pettersson DR, Nickerson JP, Pollock JM, Fu RF, Horvath A, Szidonya L, Varallyay CG, Jaboin JJ, Raslan AM, Dogan A, Cetas JS, Ciporen J, Han SJ, Ambady P, Muldoon LL, Woltjer R, Rooney WD, Neuwelt EA. Distinguishing Extravascular from Intravascular Ferumoxytol Pools within the Brain: Proof of Concept in Patients with Treated Glioblastoma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:1193-1200. [PMID: 32527840 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Glioblastoma-associated macrophages are a major constituent of the immune response to therapy and are known to engulf the iron-based MR imaging contrast agent, ferumoxytol. Current ferumoxytol MR imaging techniques for localizing macrophages are confounded by contaminating intravascular signal. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of a newly developed MR imaging technique, segregation and extravascular localization of ferumoxytol imaging, for differentiating extravascular-from-intravascular ferumoxytol contrast signal at a delayed 24-hour imaging time point. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-three patients with suspected post-chemoradiotherapy glioblastoma progression underwent ferumoxytol-enhanced SWI. Segregation and extravascular localization of ferumoxytol imaging maps were generated as the voxelwise difference of the delayed (24 hours) from the early (immediately after administration) time point SWI maps. Continuous segregation and extravascular localization of ferumoxytol imaging map values were separated into positive and negative components. Image-guided biologic correlation was performed. RESULTS Negative segregation and extravascular localization of ferumoxytol imaging values correlated with early and delayed time point SWI values, demonstrating that intravascular signal detected in the early time point persists into the delayed time point. Positive segregation and extravascular localization of ferumoxytol imaging values correlated only with delayed time point SWI values, suggesting successful detection of the newly developed extravascular signal. CONCLUSIONS Segregation and extravascular localization of ferumoxytol MR imaging improves on current techniques by eliminating intrinsic tissue and intravascular ferumoxytol signal and may inform glioblastoma outcomes by serving as a more specific metric of macrophage content compared with uncorrected T1 and SWI techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Barajas
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.F.B. Jr, D.S., B.E.H., J.S., D.R.P., J.P.N., J.M.P., L.S., C.G.V.)
- Advanced Imaging Research Center (R.F.B. Jr, D.S., X.L., A.H., W.D.R.)
- Knight Cancer Institute Translational Oncology Research Program (R.F.B. Jr)
| | - D Schwartz
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.F.B. Jr, D.S., B.E.H., J.S., D.R.P., J.P.N., J.M.P., L.S., C.G.V.)
- Advanced Imaging Research Center (R.F.B. Jr, D.S., X.L., A.H., W.D.R.)
| | - H L McConnell
- Departments of Neurology (H.L.M., C.N.K., L.S., C.G.V., P.A., L.L.M., E.A.N.)
- Blood-Brain Barrier Program (H.L.M., C.N.K., L.S., C.G.V., P.A., L.L.M., E.A.N.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - C N Kersch
- Departments of Neurology (H.L.M., C.N.K., L.S., C.G.V., P.A., L.L.M., E.A.N.)
- Blood-Brain Barrier Program (H.L.M., C.N.K., L.S., C.G.V., P.A., L.L.M., E.A.N.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - X Li
- Advanced Imaging Research Center (R.F.B. Jr, D.S., X.L., A.H., W.D.R.)
| | - B E Hamilton
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.F.B. Jr, D.S., B.E.H., J.S., D.R.P., J.P.N., J.M.P., L.S., C.G.V.)
| | - J Starkey
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.F.B. Jr, D.S., B.E.H., J.S., D.R.P., J.P.N., J.M.P., L.S., C.G.V.)
| | - D R Pettersson
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.F.B. Jr, D.S., B.E.H., J.S., D.R.P., J.P.N., J.M.P., L.S., C.G.V.)
| | - J P Nickerson
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.F.B. Jr, D.S., B.E.H., J.S., D.R.P., J.P.N., J.M.P., L.S., C.G.V.)
| | - J M Pollock
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.F.B. Jr, D.S., B.E.H., J.S., D.R.P., J.P.N., J.M.P., L.S., C.G.V.)
| | - R F Fu
- Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology (R.F.F.)
| | - A Horvath
- Advanced Imaging Research Center (R.F.B. Jr, D.S., X.L., A.H., W.D.R.)
| | - L Szidonya
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.F.B. Jr, D.S., B.E.H., J.S., D.R.P., J.P.N., J.M.P., L.S., C.G.V.)
- Departments of Neurology (H.L.M., C.N.K., L.S., C.G.V., P.A., L.L.M., E.A.N.)
- Blood-Brain Barrier Program (H.L.M., C.N.K., L.S., C.G.V., P.A., L.L.M., E.A.N.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology (L.S.), Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - C G Varallyay
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.F.B. Jr, D.S., B.E.H., J.S., D.R.P., J.P.N., J.M.P., L.S., C.G.V.)
- Departments of Neurology (H.L.M., C.N.K., L.S., C.G.V., P.A., L.L.M., E.A.N.)
- Blood-Brain Barrier Program (H.L.M., C.N.K., L.S., C.G.V., P.A., L.L.M., E.A.N.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - A M Raslan
- Neurological Surgery (A.M.R., A.D., J.S.C., J.C., S.J.H., E.A.N.)
| | - A Dogan
- Neurological Surgery (A.M.R., A.D., J.S.C., J.C., S.J.H., E.A.N.)
| | - J S Cetas
- Neurological Surgery (A.M.R., A.D., J.S.C., J.C., S.J.H., E.A.N.)
| | - J Ciporen
- Neurological Surgery (A.M.R., A.D., J.S.C., J.C., S.J.H., E.A.N.)
| | - S J Han
- Neurological Surgery (A.M.R., A.D., J.S.C., J.C., S.J.H., E.A.N.)
| | - P Ambady
- Departments of Neurology (H.L.M., C.N.K., L.S., C.G.V., P.A., L.L.M., E.A.N.)
- Blood-Brain Barrier Program (H.L.M., C.N.K., L.S., C.G.V., P.A., L.L.M., E.A.N.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - L L Muldoon
- Departments of Neurology (H.L.M., C.N.K., L.S., C.G.V., P.A., L.L.M., E.A.N.)
- Blood-Brain Barrier Program (H.L.M., C.N.K., L.S., C.G.V., P.A., L.L.M., E.A.N.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - W D Rooney
- Advanced Imaging Research Center (R.F.B. Jr, D.S., X.L., A.H., W.D.R.)
| | - E A Neuwelt
- Departments of Neurology (H.L.M., C.N.K., L.S., C.G.V., P.A., L.L.M., E.A.N.)
- Neurological Surgery (A.M.R., A.D., J.S.C., J.C., S.J.H., E.A.N.)
- Blood-Brain Barrier Program (H.L.M., C.N.K., L.S., C.G.V., P.A., L.L.M., E.A.N.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.A.N.), Portland, Oregon
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Bullis CL, Maldonado-Perez A, Bowden SG, Yaghi N, Munger D, Wood MD, Barajas RF, Ambady P, Neuwelt EA, Han SJ. Diagnostic impact of preoperative corticosteroids in primary central nervous system lymphoma. J Clin Neurosci 2020; 72:287-291. [PMID: 31648968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE High dose corticosteroids are an effective tool for rapidly alleviating neurologic symptoms caused by intracranial mass lesions. However, there is concern that preoperative corticosteroids limit the ability to obtain a definitive pathologic diagnosis, particularly if imaging features suggest primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). METHODS To explore the impact of preoperative corticosteroids in newly diagnosed PCNSL patients, from 2009 to 2018 treated at our institution. RESULTS We identified 54 patients; 18 had received corticosteroids prior to biopsy or resection. Only in one case did the patient have a prior non-diagnostic biopsy, requiring a second procedure. The cumulative doses of preoperative dexamethasone ranged from 4 mg to 120 mg (mean 32 mg, median 24 mg), given over 1-14 days (mean 2 days, median 1 day), and the majority had received corticosteroids for only 1-2 days. There was a trend for a larger diameter of lesional T1 contrast enhancement for patients who received steroids (39 mm vs. 34 mm, p = 0.11). In this series of cases with pathologically and clinically proven PCNSL, preoperative corticosteroids had been given in a third of cases, suggesting that they may be given for symptomatic relief without compromising pathologic diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Despite the commonly held tenet that preoperative corticosteroids can obscure the pathologic diagnosis in PCNSL, this is likely not the case in the majority of patients who receive a short course preoperatively. Obtaining a second stereotactic scan to confirm continued presence of the lesion prior to tissue sampling may also mitigate these concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Bullis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - A Maldonado-Perez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States; Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, United States
| | - S G Bowden
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - N Yaghi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - D Munger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - M D Wood
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - R F Barajas
- Department of Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - P Ambady
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - E A Neuwelt
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - S J Han
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.
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Lim HE, Ahn J, Han SJ, Shim J, Kim YH, Choi EK, Oh S, Shin SY, Lip GYH. P1026Risk factors for the occurrence of stroke after atrial fibrillation ablation. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz747.0617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Risk factors for the occurrence of embolic stroke (ES) after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation have not been fully elucidated. Our aim was to assess incidence of ES during long-term follow-up following AF ablation and to identify predicting factors associated with post-ablation ES.
Methods
We enrolled patients who experienced ES after AF ablation and body mass index-matched controls from AF ablation registries. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) was assessed using multislice computed tomography prior to ablation.
Results
A total of 3,464 patients who underwent AF ablation were recruited. During a mean follow-up of 47.2 months, ES occurred in 47 patients (1.36%) with a mean CHA2DS2-VAS score of 2.15 and overall incidence of ES was 0.34 per 100 patients/year. Compared with control group (n=190), ES group had more higher prior thromboembolic event and AF recurrence rates, larger LA size, lower creatinine clearance rate (CCr), and greater total and periatrial EAT volumes although no differences in AF type, CHA2DS2-VASc score, ablation extent, and anti-thrombotics use were found. On multivariate regression analysis, a prior history of thromboembolism, CCr, and periatrial EAT volume were independently associated with ES occurrence after AF ablation.
Cox regression analysis Risk factor Univariate Multivariate HR (95% CI) p value HR (95% CI) p value Age 1.017 (0.984–1.051) 0.31 Prior thromboembolism 2.488 (1.134–5.460) 0.023 2.916 (1.178–7.219) 0.021 CHA2DS2-VASc score 1.139 (0.899–1.445) 0.282 CCr 0.984 (0.970–0.999) 0.038 0.982 (0.996–0.998) 0.029 LA diameter (mm) 1.070 (1.012–1.130) 0.017 1.072 (0.999–1.150) 0.054 EAT_total (ml) 1.020 (1.010–1.029) <0.001 1.008 (0.993–1.023) 0.297 EAT_periatrial (ml) 1.085 (1.045–1.126) <0.001 1.065 (1.005–1.128) 0.032 PVI + additional ablation 0.846 (0.460–1.557) 0.592 No anticoagulant use 0.651 (0.346–1.226) 0.184 Recurrence 2.011 (1.007–4.013) 0.048 1.240 (0.551–2.793) 0.603 CCr, creatinine clearance rate; EAT, epicardial adipose tissue; LA, left atrium; PVI, pulmonary vein isolation.
K-M curve for stroke-free survival
Conclusions
Incidence of ES after AF ablation was lower than expected rate based on CHA2DS2-VASc score even though anticoagulants use was limited. Periatrial EAT volume, a prior thromboembolism event, and CCr were independent factors in predicting ES irrespective of AF recurrence and CHA2DS2-VASc score in patients who underwent AF ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Lim
- Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Cardiology, Anyang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J Ahn
- Pusan National University Hospital, Cardiology, Pusan, Korea (Republic of)
| | - S J Han
- Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Cardiology, Anyang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J Shim
- Korea University Anam Hospital, Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - Y H Kim
- Korea University Anam Hospital, Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - E K Choi
- Seoul National University Hospital, Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Oh
- Seoul National University Hospital, Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Y Shin
- Chung-Ang University Hospital, Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - G Y H Lip
- Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Cardiovascular Science Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Cui P, Li Y, Zhou CC, Zhou YH, Song CL, Qiu Q, Wang F, Guo C, Han SJ, Liang L, Yuan Y, Zeng MY, Yue J, Long L, Qin XH, Li Z, Chen XL, Zou YP, Cheng YB, Yu HJ. [Clinical analysis of 555 outpatients with hand, foot and mouth diseases caused by different enteroviruses]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2019; 57:445-451. [PMID: 31216802 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To study the clinical characteristics of outpatients with hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by different serotypes of enteroviruses. Methods: This was a prospective study. From February 2017 to March 2018, 563 outpatients with HFMD were enrolled by systematic sampling in the Department of Infectious Diseases, Henan Children's Hospital. Throat swabs were collected to determine the serotypes via PCR. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected by standard questionnaire. All cases were followed up twice at 2 and 9 weeks after the initial outpatient visit through telephone interview. A total of 563 cases were enrolled and 555 (98.6%) cases were positive for human enteroviruses, including 338 (60.9%) males. Analyses were stratified by enterovirus serotypes, Chi square test or Fisher's exact test, Rank sum test was used for comparison among different groups. Results: The age of 555 cases was 24.2 (16.4, 41.3) months. Among them 44.0% (224 cases) were identified as coxsackievirus (CV)-A6, while 189 cases, 35 cases, 14 cases and 73 cases were identified as CV-A16, enterovirus (EV)-A71, CV-A10 and other serotypes, respectively. Fever (≥37.5 ℃) was present in 51.4% (285/555) of laboratory confirmed cases. The proportions of fever in cases of CV-A6 (68.9%(168/244)) and CV-A10 (12/14) were significantly higher than those in cases of CV-A16 (31.7%(60/189),χ(2)=57.344,14.313,both P=0.000), other serotypes (43.8%(32/73),χ(2)=15.101 and 8.242, P=0.000 and 0.004) and EV-A71 (37.1%(13/35), χ(2)=13.506 and 9.441, P=0.000 and 0.002) respectively. There was no significant difference between CV-A6 and CV-A10 in presentation of fever (χ(2)=1.785, P=0.182). There were 359 cases (64.7%) with eruptions in mouth, hands, feet and buttocks. Cases infected with EV-A71 had the highest proportions (74.3%(26/35)) of rash emerging simultaneously in mouth, hands, feet, and buttocks. The proportion in cases of CV-A16, CV-A6, CVA10 and other serotype were 73.5% (139/189), 61.9% (151/244), 7/14 and 49.3% (36/73), respectively. The proportion of rash on other parts of body, such as face, limbs or torso in cases infected with CV-A6 (16.8% (41/244)) was the higherest and the proportion in cases of CV-A16, EV-A71, CV-A10 or other serotypes were 8.5% (16/189) , 5.7% (2/35) , 1/14, 6.8% (5/73) , respectively. None of these cases developed serious complications. Desquamation occurred in 45.5% (179/393) cases 7.5 (5.0, 9.0) days after disease onset and 13.5% (53/393) cases showed onychomadesis 31.0 (18.0, 33.5) days after disease onset. The proportion of desquamation and onychomadesis associated with CV-A6 (64.2% (95/148) and 31.8% (47/148)) was significantly higher than CV-A16 (31.8% (49/154) and 1.3% (2/154), χ(2)=33.601 and 52.482, both P=0.000) and other serotypes (38.0%(19/50) and 6.0%(3/50),χ(2)=10.236 and 12.988, P=0.001 and 0.000). Desquamation appeared more in cases of CV-A6 than in cases of CV-A10 (2/11,χ(2)=9.386, P=0.002), with the proportion of onychomadesis higher in CV-A6 than in EV-A71 (3.3% (1/30),χ(2)=11.088, P=0.001). Conclusion: Clinical manifestation such as fever, rash emerging parts, desquamation and onychomadesis are different among outpatient HFMD cases infected with CV-A16, CV-A6, EV-A71, CV-A10 and other enteroviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cui
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Y Li
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Division of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - C C Zhou
- Zhengzhou Children's Critical Medical Key Laboratory, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Children's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Y H Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - C L Song
- Zhengzhou Children's Critical Medical Key Laboratory, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Children's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Q Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - F Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Children's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - C Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - S J Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Children's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - L Liang
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y Yuan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Children's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - M Y Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - J Yue
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Children's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - L Long
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X H Qin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Children's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Z Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Children's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - X L Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Children's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Y P Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Children's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Y B Cheng
- Zhengzhou Children's Critical Medical Key Laboratory, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Children's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - H J Yu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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9
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Kim EY, Joo SW, Han SJ, Kim MJ, Choi SY. Depression, Impulse Control Disorder, and Life Style According to Smartphone Addiction. Stud Health Technol Inform 2017; 245:1272. [PMID: 29295357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We examined depression, impulse control disorder, and life style by degree of smartphone addiction. Chi-square tests and ANOVA were used to identify significant variables. CART was used to generate a decision making diagram of variables affecting smartphone addiction. The severe smartphone addiction group had rates of depression and impulse control disorder than the initial smartphone group.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Kim
- Department of Health Care Administration, Seoyoung University, Paju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - S W Joo
- ACE Hospital, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - S J Han
- Department of Health Care Administration, Seoyoung University, Paju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - M J Kim
- Department of Health Care Administration, Seoyoung University, Paju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - S Y Choi
- Department of Health Care Administration, Seoyoung University, Paju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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10
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Han SJ, Min HJ, Yoon SC, Ko EA, Park SJ, Yoon JH, Shin JS, Seo KY. HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of ultraviolet-induced ocular surface inflammation. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1863. [PMID: 26313914 PMCID: PMC4558494 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) functions as a transcription-enhancing nuclear protein as well as a crucial cytokine that regulates inflammation. This study demonstrated that secretion of HMGB1 due to ultraviolet (UV) radiation inducing ocular surface inflammation-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. After treating conjunctival epithelial cells with UV radiation, HMGB1 was translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and then eventually to the extracellular space. HMGB1 played a crucial role in UV-induced conjunctival neutrophil infiltration, which subsided when mice were pretreated with the HMGB1 inhibitors soluble receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (sRAGEs) and HMGB1 A box protein. In case of using ROS quencher, there was decrease in UV-induced HMGB1 secretion in conjunctival epithelial cells and mice. Considering that UV-induced chronic inflammation causes ocular surface change as pterygium, we have confirmed high HMGB1 translocation and ROS expression in human pterygium. Our findings therefore revealed a previously unknown mechanism of UV-induced ocular inflammation related to ROS and HMGB1 suggesting a new medical therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H J Min
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S C Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - E A Ko
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S J Park
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-H Yoon
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-S Shin
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K Y Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Sui X, Feng FJ, Zhao D, Xing M, Sun XY, Han SJ, Li MH. Mating system patterns of natural populations of Pinus koraiensis along its post-glacial colonization route in northeastern China. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:4113-24. [PMID: 25966183 DOI: 10.4238/2015.april.27.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To understand the genetic mechanisms underlying the endangerment of Pinus koraiensis, we studied the mating system of 49 families of this species in 3 natural populations along its post-glacial colonization route across ~1500 km in northeastern China using the chloroplast simple sequence repeat technique. We analyzed 11 polymorphic loci with clear and repeating bands, and we calculated the multi-locus outcrossing rate (tm), single-locus outcrossing rate, inbreeding index, and fixation index (F). Intra-population variation was not observed, but a large inter-population variation was observed in the outcrossing rate, and the tm increased from 0.767 (the south population) to 0.962 (the north population) along the post-glacial colonization route. The tm values within a population did not change with time over 2 consecutive years. The F values for the 3 populations were <0, which indicates an excess of heterozygotes. The mean effective number of alleles, Shannon diversity index, and Nei's genetic diversity index did not show a south-north pattern. The north population had the highest outcrossing rate but the lowest genetic diversity. The average genetic differentiation of P. koraiensis populations was 0.1251, which was within the average range of woody plants with outcrossing and wind pollination. This study suggests that the current endangerment of P. koraiensis is not related to its genetic structure; perhaps it is mainly caused by man-made and natural disturbances such as deforestation and fire. Therefore, reducing disturbances and enhancing habitats, rather than the genetic aspects, play more important roles in the long-term protection of P. koraiensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Sui
- Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - F J Feng
- Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - D Zhao
- Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - M Xing
- Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - X Y Sun
- Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - S J Han
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - M H Li
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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12
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Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need for an adjuvant agent of caudal block that prolongs its duration and improves the analgesic efficacy to fasten functional recovery. Magnesium is an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist that functions as an analgesic. This study was aimed to evaluate whether magnesium as an adjuvant for caudal block in children can improve postoperative analgesia and functional recovery. METHODS Eighty children, 2-6 years of age, undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy, were included in this prospective, randomized, double-blinded study. For caudal block, Group R received ropivacaine 1.5 mg·ml(-1), 1 ml·kg(-1) and Group RM received the same dose of ropivacaine mixed with 50 mg of magnesium. The Parents' Postoperative Pain Measure (PPPM) score, analgesic consumption, functional recovery, and adverse effects were evaluated at 6, 24, 48, and 72 h after surgery, as well as daily thereafter until the child showed full functional recovery. RESULTS The PPPM score after hospital discharge was significantly lower for Group RM than for Group R at all times (P < 0.05). Children in Group RM required less fentanyl for rescue analgesia in the recovery area (16.2% vs 39.5%, P = 0.034) and less oral analgesics after discharge (20.5% vs 52.6%, P = 0.007). The time to return of normal functional activity was shorter in Group RM (P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse effects did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS As an adjuvant for caudal analgesia, 50 mg magnesium provided superior quality of analgesia and faster return of normal functional activity than local anesthetic alone in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Mi Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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13
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Choi YJ, Choi SE, Ha ES, Kang Y, Han SJ, Kim DJ, Lee KW, Kim HJ. Extracellular visfatin activates gluconeogenesis in HepG2 cells through the classical PKA/CREB-dependent pathway. Horm Metab Res 2014; 46:233-9. [PMID: 24627100 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1370907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Adipokines reportedly affect hepatic gluconeogenesis, and the adipokine visfatin is known to be related to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. However, whether visfatin contributes to hepatic gluconeogenesis remains unclear. Visfatin, also known as nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), modulates sirtuin1 (SIRT1) through the regulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). Therefore, we investigated the effect of extracellular visfatin on glucose production in HepG2 cells, and evaluated whether extracellular visfatin affects hepatic gluconeogenesis via an NAD+-SIRT1-dependent pathway. Treatment with visfatin significantly increased glucose production and the mRNA expression and protein levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) in HepG2 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Knockdown of SIRT1 had no remarkable effect on the induction of gluconeogenesis by visfatin. Subsequently, we evaluated if extracellular visfatin stimulates the production of gluconeogenic enzymes through the classical protein kinase A (PKA)/cyclic AMP-responsive element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB)-dependent process. The phosphorylation of CREB and PKA increased significantly in HepG2 cells treated with visfatin. Additionally, knockdown of CREB and PKA inhibited visfatin-induced gluconeogenesis in HepG2 cells. In summary, extracellular visfatin modulates glucose production in HepG2 cells through the PKA/CREB pathway, rather than via SIRT1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Choi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - S-E Choi
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - E S Ha
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Kang
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - S J Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - D J Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - K W Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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14
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Chik TK, Ma XY, Choy TH, Li YY, Diao HJ, Teng WK, Han SJ, Cheung KMC, Chan BP. Photochemically crosslinked collagen annulus plug: a potential solution solving the leakage problem of cell-based therapies for disc degeneration. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:8128-39. [PMID: 23751592 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intra-disc injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to treat disc degeneration may lead to unfavorable complications, particularly osteophyte formation. Development of an effective method to block the injection portal, prevent the leakage of injected cells and materials and, hence, prevent osteophyte formation is of the utmost importance before MSC-based therapies can be applied in a clinical setting. Here we seek to alleviate the cell leakage problem and the associated complication osteophyte formation by developing an injectable annulus plug to block the injection portal during intra-disc delivery. Specifically, we fabricated a needle-shaped collagen plug by photochemical crosslinking and successfully delivered it intra-discally, in association with MSCs in collagen microsphere carriers, using a custom-made delivery device. The mechanical performance of the plug and its effectiveness in reducing cell leakage were evaluated ex vivo under compression and in torsion push-out tests. The results demonstrate that the plug survived physiologically relevant loadings and significantly reduced leakage and enhanced retention of the injected materials. Finally, a pilot in vivo study in rabbits was conducted to evaluate the performance of the plug. Microcomputed tomography imaging and histology revealed that the plug significantly reduced osteophyte formation. This work suggests the potential of the annulus plug as an adjunct or annulus closure device for intra-disc delivery of cells and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Chik
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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15
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Ahn S, Lee JR, Han SJ, Kim H. Anesthetic management of a 6 month-old infant for near total pancreatectomy with persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. Korean J Anesthesiol 2012; 62:393-4. [PMID: 22558511 PMCID: PMC3337391 DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2012.62.4.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seohui Ahn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Rim Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Joo Han
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunzu Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Oh TG, Chung JW, Kim HM, Han SJ, Lee JS, Park JY, Song SY. Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia diagnosed by capsule endoscopy and double balloon enteroscopy. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 3:235-40. [PMID: 22110841 PMCID: PMC3221958 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v3.i11.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL) is a rare disorder characterized by dilated intestinal lymphatics and the development of protein-losing enteropathy. Patients with PIL develop hypoalbuminemia, hypocalcemia, lymphopenia and hypogammaglobulinemia, and present with bilateral lower limb edema, fatigue, abdominal pain and diarrhea. Endoscopy reveals diffusely elongated, circumferential and polypoid mucosae covered with whitish enlarged villi, all of which indicate intestinal lymphangiectasia. Diagnosis is confirmed by characteristic tissue pathology, which includes dilated intestinal lymphatics with diffusely swollen mucosa and enlarged villi. The prevalence of PIL has increased since the introduction of capsule endoscopy. The etiology and prevalence of PIL remain unknown. Some studies have reported that several genes and regulatory molecules for lymphangiogenesis are related to PIL. We report the case of a patient with PIL involving the entire small bowel that was confirmed by capsule endoscopy and double-balloon enteroscopy-guided tissue pathology who carried a deletion on chromosome 4q25. The relationship between this deletion on chromosome 4 and PIL remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tak Geun Oh
- Tak Geun Oh, Joo Won Chung, Hee Man Kim, Jung Yeob Park, Si Young Song, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
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17
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Sung TY, Kang WS, Han SJ, Kim JS, Chee HK, Shin JK, Kim SH. Does Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Provide an Early Warning of Low Haematocrit following the Initiation of Hypothermic Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Cardiac Surgery? J Int Med Res 2011; 39:1497-503. [DOI: 10.1177/147323001103900439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated 151 patients undergoing cardiac surgery to determine whether measurement of regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2) using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can indicate a low haematocrit after initiation of hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Haematocrit, rScO2, haemoglobin level, arterial partial pressures of carbon dioxide and oxygen, systemic blood pressure, and nasopharyngeal and rectal temperatures were determined 5 min after the initial administration of heparin for CPB and 90 s after completion of the first cardioplegic solution injection. Immediately after initiation of hypothermic CPB, rScO2, haemoglobin and haematocrit values were significantly lower than those before CPB. No significant correlations were found between the change in haematocrit and changes in left, right and mean rScO2; thus, changes in rScO2 before and after initiation of hypothermic CPB did not reflect changes in haematocrit values. This indicates that NIRS cannot provide early warning of a low haematocrit immediately after initiation of hypothermic CPB in cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- TY Sung
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - WS Kang
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Hospital, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SJ Han
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Hospital, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JS Kim
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Konkuk University Hospital, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - HK Chee
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Konkuk University Hospital, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JK Shin
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Konkuk University Hospital, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SH Kim
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Hospital, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Sohn YB, Ki CS, Kim CH, Ko AR, Yook YJ, Lee SJ, Kim SJ, Park SW, Yeau S, Kwon EK, Han SJ, Choi EW, Lee SY, Kim JW, Jin DK. Identification of 11 novel mutations in 49 Korean patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type II. Clin Genet 2011; 81:185-90. [PMID: 21291454 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2011.01641.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) or Hunter syndrome is a rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS). As MPS II is X-linked, patients are usually males with heterogeneous mutations ranging from point mutations to gross deletions and recombination. In 2003, we reported a mutation analysis of 25 patients with MPS II. In this study, 31 mutations in another 49 Korean patients (45 families) with MPS II are reported: 12 missense, nine deletions, four splicing, two nonsense, two insertions, one deletion/insertion, and IDS-IDS2 recombination mutations. Among these mutations, 11 were novel ones (4 missense mutations: Ser61Pro, Pro97Arg, Pro228Ala, and Pro261Ala; 5 deletions: c.344delA, c.420delG, c.768delT, c.1112delC and c.1402delC; 1 deletion/insertion: c.1222delinsTA; and 1 insertion mutation: c.359_360insATCC). The IDS-IDS2 recombination mutations were most frequently observed; all patients with this mutation had the severe MPS II phenotype. However, most of the patients (5/7) with the G374G splicing mutation had an attenuated phenotype, except for two sibling cases with the severe phenotype. Except for a few recurrent mutations such as the G374G, R443X, L522P, and recombination mutations, each patient had a unique individual mutation. Therefore, careful interpretation of genotype-phenotype correlations is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y B Sohn
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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19
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Kang ES, Han SJ, Kim HJ, Kim SH, Ahn CW, Cha BS, Nam M, Lee HC. Abstract: P878 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN C609T VARIANT IN NQO1 AND CAROTID ARTERY PLAQUES IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(09)70999-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Han SJ, Fitzpatrick CSB, Wetherill A. Simulation on combined rapid gravity filtration and backwash models. Water Sci Technol 2009; 59:2429-2435. [PMID: 19542649 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2009.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Combined rapid gravity filtration and backwash models have been applied to simulate filtration and backwash cycles. The simulated results from the backwash model suggest that an optimum air flow rate exists to maximise particle removal efficiency in the backwash operation for a certain backwash system. The simulation of combined rapid gravity filtration and backwash models suggests that the filter should not be completely cleaned up in the backwash and a certain amount of particles retained on filter grains after backwash can be beneficial for subsequent filtration runs. This is consistent with the experimental results in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Han
- Department of Civil, Environmental & Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Han SJ, Fitzpatrick CSB, Wetherill A. Simulation of combined rapid gravity filtration and backwash models. Water Sci Technol 2009; 60:1361-1368. [PMID: 19717925 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2009.5_erratum2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Combined rapid gravity filtration and backwash models are applied to simulate filtration and backwash cycles. The simulated results from the backwash model suggest that air flow rate can be optimised to maximise particle removal efficiency in the backwash for a particular system. The simulation of combined rapid gravity filtration and backwash models suggests that efficient backwash operation is essential for maintaining the life time of a filter. However, the filter is not advised to be completely cleaned up in the backwash and the particles retained on filter grains after the backwash can be beneficial for subsequent filtration runs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Han
- Department of Civil, Environmental & Genomatic Engineering, University College London. London, UK.
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22
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Kim HK, Han SJ, Kim JL, Kim BH, Chang SY, Lee JK. Monte Carlo simulation of the photon beam characteristics from medical linear accelerators. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2006; 119:510-3. [PMID: 16644954 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nci636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The MCNPX code has been employed on a personal computer to calculate the dosimetric characteristics of the photon beams from the 6 MV Siemens MX2 and the 10 MV Varian Clinac 2100C linear accelerators. A model of the treatment head includes the major geometric structure within the beam path. The model was used to calculate the energy spectra of the photon beam, percentage depth dose and the dose profiles. The accuracy of the calculated results is examined by comparing them with the measured dose distributions for the two machines. The computed and measured depth dose curves agree to within 2% for all the depths beyond the build-up region for both treatment machines. The calculations agree to within 2% of the measured profiles within the 100-50% dose level. It has been found that the MCNPX code is an effective tool for simulating the clinical photon beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Kim
- National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, 139-706, Korea.
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23
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Choi KJ, Kim SC, Kim SK, Kim WK, Kim IK, Kim JE, Kim JC, Kim HY, Kim HH, Park KW, Park WH, Song YT, Oh SM, Lee DS, Lee SK, Lee SC, Jhung SY, Jhung SE, Jung PM, Choi SO, Choi SH, Han SJ, Huh YS, Hong C, Hwhang EH. Biliary Atresia in Korea: A Survey by the Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.13029/jkaps.2002.8.2.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K J Choi
- Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons, Korea
| | - S C Kim
- Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons, Korea
| | - S K Kim
- Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons, Korea
| | - W K Kim
- Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons, Korea
| | - I K Kim
- Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons, Korea
| | - J E Kim
- Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons, Korea
| | - J C Kim
- Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons, Korea
| | - H Y Kim
- Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons, Korea
| | - H H Kim
- Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons, Korea
| | - K W Park
- Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons, Korea
| | - W H Park
- Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons, Korea
| | - Y T Song
- Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons, Korea
| | - S M Oh
- Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons, Korea
| | - D S Lee
- Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons, Korea
| | - S K Lee
- Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons, Korea
| | - S C Lee
- Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons, Korea
| | - S Y Jhung
- Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons, Korea
| | - S E Jhung
- Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons, Korea
| | - P M Jung
- Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons, Korea
| | - S O Choi
- Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons, Korea
| | - S H Choi
- Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons, Korea
| | - S J Han
- Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons, Korea
| | - Y S Huh
- Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons, Korea
| | - C Hong
- Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons, Korea
| | - E H Hwhang
- Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons, Korea
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Abstract
The history of fetal surgery features an absolute dependency upon the possibility of diagnosis before birth. Powerful new imaging methods, the techniques of sampling amniotic fluid and fetal tissue, and modern molecular genetics for the prenatal diagnosis of various congenital diseases have removed the veil of secrecy from the fetus. Even though most prenatally detected congenital malformations can be managed after maternal transport, a few simple anatomic defects require fetal surgery, albeit with predictably poor results. The understanding of intrauterine physiology and pathophysiology in several congenital malformations has been worked out in animal model study, and the natural history of congenital defects revealed by prenatal observations on human fetuses. Selection criteria for intrauterine intervention have been developed. Over the last two decades, surgical techniques for open and endoscopic fetal surgery have been defined and anesthesia and tocolysis for fetal surgery improved. As we enter the 21st century, this field of surgery will surely expand.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Han
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, C.P.O. Box 8044, Seoul 120-752, Korea
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25
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Abstract
The Mediator complex of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for diverse aspects of transcription by RNA polymerase II (pol II). Mediator is composed of two functionally distinct subcomplexes, Rgr1 and Srb4. To identify the structures and functions of each subcomplex, we expressed recombinant proteins for each subunit and assayed their interactions with each other and with basal transcription proteins. The Rgr1 subcomplex is composed of the Gal11 module, which binds activators, and the Med9/10 module. The Med9/10 module is required for both transcriptional activation and repression, and these activities appear to be carried out by two submodules. Proteins in the Med9 submodule interact physically and genetically with Srb10/11, suggesting that the Med9 submodule mediates the repression of pol II. Purified recombinant Srb4 subcomplex stimulated basal transcription of pol II but had little effect on activated transcription and phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain of the Rpb1 subunit of pol II. Both subcomplexes of Mediator interacted with a distinct set of basal transcription factors and pol II. The modular organization of Mediator and the associated functions suggest that the Mediator complex may recruit and/or stabilize the preinitiation complex through several points of contact with transcriptional regulators and basal transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Kang
- National Creative Research Center for Genome Regulation, Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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26
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Abstract
The yeast Mediator is composed of two subcomplexes, Rgr1 and Srb4, known to be required for diverse aspects of transcriptional regulation; however, their structural and functional organizations have not yet been deciphered in detail. Biochemical analyses designed to determine the subunit composition of the Rgr1 subcomplex revealed that the regulator-interacting subcomplex has a modular structure and is composed of the Gal11, Med9/Cse2, and Med10/Nut2 modules. Genome-wide gene expression and Northern analyses performed in the presence or absence of the various Mediator modules revealed a distinct requirement for the Gal11, Med9/Cse2, and Med10/Nut2 modules in transcriptional repression as well as activation. GST pull-down analysis revealed that the transcriptional repressor Tup1 binds to distinct but overlapping regions of the Gal11 module that were shown previously to be transcriptional activator binding sites. These data suggest that competition between transcriptional activators and repressors for a common binding site in the Mediator and distinct conformational changes in the Mediator induced by repressor binding may underlie the mechanism of transcriptional repression in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Han
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Genome Regulation, Department of Biochemistry, 134 Sinchon-dong, Seodaemoon-ku, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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27
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE This report describes our experiences with 5 cases of biliary atresia associated with meconium peritonitis caused by perforation of small bowel atresia. METHODS A review of medical records was undertaken in an effort to recognize cases of biliary atresia associated with meconium peritonitis. RESULTS Five patients of 171 with biliary atresia (2.9%) were detected to have meconium peritonitis caused by perforation of small bowel atresia. The biliary atresia was not suspected during the initial operation for meconium peritonitis. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) made it difficult to make an early differential diagnosis of biliary atresia because of the presence of TPN-associated cholestatic jaundice, and the Roux-en-Y limb used for hepatic portoenterostomy could not be made long enough to prevent cholangitis caused by preexisting short bowel. The main complications were severe, intractable cholangitis, short bowel syndrome with malnutrition; TPN-associated liver injury; and wound problems. Two patients died of ascending cholangitis, 1 patient of liver failure that was exacerbated by TPN-associated liver injury, and 1 patient is awaiting a liver transplant. Only 1 patient is in good health, being anicteric and showing normal growth and development. CONCLUSIONS Biliary atresia is evidently closely associated with meconium peritonitis caused by perforation of small bowel atresia. The management of these patients is more difficult than that of patients with the usual form of biliary atresia, because of the necessity for a long period of TPN and the combined short bowel syndrome. The ideal management of these conditions has yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Han
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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28
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Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, a number of studies have reported positive results from the nonoperative management of fistula-in-ano in infancy, although it has not been of use in all patients. The purpose of this study was to discern the effective treatment methods of fistula-in-ano in infants. METHODS A retrospective review was done of 310 children who required operative management for fistula-in-ano or perianal abscess between January 1991 and July 2000. Eighteen patients displayed an onset of symptoms at less than 1 year of age and a duration of symptoms longer than 12 months. The authors analyzed these patients' medical records. RESULTS All patients were boys. The mean duration of the symptoms was 26.6 +/- 27.5 months. Fourteen patients had shown an onset of symptoms at less than 6 months of age. The longest duration was 10 years. The patients showed conservative periods of over 12 months because their parents did not want them to undergo surgery. The disease in these patients followed 2 patterns. One (6 patients) was an onset of symptoms followed by a silent fistula-in-ano state. The other (12 patients) was an onset of symptoms followed by an intermittent relapse of inflammation. All patients underwent fistulotomy, and none of them had recurrent fistula during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS Although the advantages of a nonoperative management of fistula-in-ano in infants include the avoidance of general anesthesia and surgical intervention, the lesions cannot be cured by a period of conservation. Surgical management is more effective in respect to the time factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Oh
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Lim JH, Choi J, Han SJ, Kim SH, Hwang HZ, Jin DK, Ahn BY, Han YS. Molecular cloning and characterization of thermostable DNA ligase from Aquifex pyrophilus, a hyperthermophilic bacterium. Extremophiles 2001; 5:161-8. [PMID: 11453459 DOI: 10.1007/s007920100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A DNA ligase gene from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Aquifex pyrophilus (Ap) was cloned and sequenced. An open reading frame of 2,157 bp that codes for a 82-kDa protein showed 40%-60% homology with a series of NAD+-dependent DNA ligases from different organisms. The recombinant enzyme Ap DNA ligase expressed in Escherichia coli was purified to homogeneity and characterized. The activity of Ap DNA ligase gradually increased in proportion to the concentration of monovalent salt up to 200 mM NaCl, 150 mM KCl, 200 mM NH4Cl, and 350 mM potassium glutamate. The optimum temperature and pH of Ap DNA ligase were greater than 65 degrees C and 8.0-8.6, respectively, for nick-closing activity. More than 75% of the ligation activity was retained after incubation at 95 degrees C for 60 min, whereas the half-lives of Thermus aquaticus and Escherichia coli DNA ligases at 95 degrees C were < or =15 min and 5 min, respectively. Thermostable Ap DNA ligase was applied to repeat expansion detection (RED) and could be a useful enzyme in DNA diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Lim
- Structural Biology Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul
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30
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Han SJ, Chang HN, Lee J. Characterization of an oxygen-dependent inducible promoter, the nar promoter of Escherichia coli, to utilize in metabolic engineering. Biotechnol Bioeng 2001; 72:573-6. [PMID: 11460248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
The nar promoters, whose transcription is maximally induced under microaerobic conditions in the presence of nitrate ion, were characterized in fed-batch culture to determine whether they can be used for metabolic engineering, by which overall production of valuable chemicals can be increased. For this purpose, we tested whether the expression level of a reporter gene, the lacZ gene from the nar promoter, could be maintained constant throughout the induction period by manipulation of dissolved oxygen (DO) levels at a given nitrate ion concentration. First, E. coli was grown under aerobic conditions (DO 80%) to absorbance at 600 nm (OD(600)) of 35, then the nar promoter was induced by reduction of DO to different levels, combined with different frequencies and duration of alternating microaerobic and aerobic conditions throughout the entire induction period. For a wild-type nar promoter (pMW61) in a mutant host E. coli with a mutation in the narG gene on the chromosome of the host (RK5265), it was possible to maintain production of beta-galactosidase activity per cell (specific beta-galactosidase activity) at a constant rate at 5000, 10,000, 15,000, and 20,000 Miller units, using different combinations of nitrate ion concentrations (0.1%, 0.5%, and 1%) and DO levels. In addition, it was possible to maintain production of specific beta-galactosidase activity at a constant rate at about 10,000 Miller units in the absence of nitrate ion when a nitrate-independent nar promoter (pMW618) in the narL(-) mutant of the W3110 E. coli strain (W3110narL(-)) was used. Based on these results, we conclude that the nar promoter system provides a convenient expression system for metabolic engineering as well as for maximal production of recombinant proteins under conditions of fed-batch culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Bioprocess Engineering Research Center, KAIST, Taejon, Korea
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Zhang ZF, Yang LG, Han SJ. [Anatomical study and clinical application of medial femoral condylar bone flap pedicled with the saphenous vessels]. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 2001; 15:26-8. [PMID: 12563925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate a new operative method for repairing nonunion and defect of tibia. METHODS First, observe the relation between the joint branches of descending genicular artery and the saphenous branch of descending genicular artery in 10 cadevers. Then the medial femoral condylar bone flap pedicled with the saphenous vessels was prepared in 4 cadavers for simulated purpose. Clinically, two patients with tibial nonunion were treated by transplantation of this pedicled bone flap. RESULTS In the 4 simulated operations, the ink which was injected into the femoral artery could be released from the joint branches. And in the clinical operation, the area of the pedicled bone flaps were 5.0 cm x 2.0 cm x 1.5 cm and 4.5 cm x 1.5 cm x 1.5 cm respectively. Followed up for 8 to 12 weeks, the fracture unioned well. CONCLUSION This operation is simple and reliable, it is characterised by 1. unnecessary to anastomosis the vessels 2. reliable blood supply 3. high quality of bone flap 4. either bone flap or bone-skin flap can be chosen 5. long vessel pedicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z F Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, General Hospital of Fengfeng Coal Mining Bureau, Handan Hebei, P. R. China 056200
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32
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Abstract
There has been no unequivocal demonstration that the activator binding targets identified in vitro play a key role in transcriptional activation in vivo. To examine whether activator-Mediator interactions are required for gene transcription under physiological conditions, we performed functional analyses with Mediator components that interact specifically with natural yeast activators. Different activators interact with Mediator via distinct binding targets. Deletion of a distinct activator binding region of Mediator completely compromised gene activation in vivo by some, but not all, transcriptional activators. These demonstrate that the activator-specific targets in Mediator are essential for transcriptional activation in living cells, but their requirement was affected by the nature of the activator-DNA interaction and the existence of a postrecruitment activation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Park
- Genome Regulation Center, Creative Research Initiative, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Korea
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Soh MS, Kim YM, Han SJ, Song PS. REP1, a basic helix-loop-helix protein, is required for a branch pathway of phytochrome A signaling in arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2000; 12:2061-74. [PMID: 11090209 PMCID: PMC150158 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.12.11.2061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2000] [Accepted: 09/19/2000] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phytochromes are primary photoreceptors mediating diverse responses ranging from induction of germination to floral induction in higher plants. We have isolated novel recessive rep1 (reduced phytochrome signaling 1) mutants, which exhibit a long-hypocotyl phenotype only under far-red light but not under red light. Physiological characterization showed that rep1 mutations greatly reduced a subset of phytochrome A-regulated responses, including the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation, cotyledon expansion, modulation of gravitropic growth of hypocotyl, and induction of the CAB (encoding chlorophyll a/b binding protein) gene, without affecting the accumulation of anthocyanin, far-red-preconditioned blocking of greening, induction of germination, and induction of CHS (encoding chalcone synthase) and FNR (encoding ferredoxin-NADP(+) oxidoreductase) genes. These results suggest that REP1 is a positive signaling component, functioning in a branch of the phytochrome A signaling pathway. Molecular cloning and characterization of the REP1 gene revealed that it encodes a light-inducible, putative transcription factor containing the basic helix-loop-helix motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Soh
- Kumho Life and Environmental Science Laboratory, 1, Oryong-Dong, Puk-Gu, Kwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
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Kim YS, Ryu JH, Han SJ, Choi KH, Nam KB, Jang IH, Lemaitre B, Brey PT, Lee WJ. Gram-negative bacteria-binding protein, a pattern recognition receptor for lipopolysaccharide and beta-1,3-glucan that mediates the signaling for the induction of innate immune genes in Drosophila melanogaster cells. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:32721-7. [PMID: 10827089 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m003934200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors, non-clonal immune proteins recognizing common microbial components, are critical for non-self recognition and the subsequent induction of Rel/NF-kappaB-controlled innate immune genes. However, the molecular identities of such receptors are still obscure. Here, we present data showing that Drosophila possesses at least three cDNAs encoding members of the Gram-negative bacteria-binding protein (DGNBP) family, one of which, DGNBP-1, has been characterized. Western blot, flow cytometric, and confocal laser microscopic analyses demonstrate that DGNBP-1 exists in both a soluble and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane form in culture medium supernatant and on Drosophila immunocompetent cells, respectively. DGNBP-1 has a high affinity to microbial immune elicitors such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and beta-1,3-glucan whereas no binding affinity is detected with peptidoglycan, beta-1,4-glucan, or chitin. Importantly, the overexpression of DGNBP-1 in Drosophila immunocompetent cells enhances LPS- and beta-1,3-glucan-induced innate immune gene (NF-kappaB-dependent antimicrobial peptide gene) expression, which can be specifically blocked by pretreatment with anti-DGNBP-1 antibody. These results suggest that DGNBP-1 functions as a pattern recognition receptor for LPS from Gram-negative bacteria and beta-1, 3-glucan from fungi and plays an important role in non-self recognition and the subsequent immune signal transmission for the induction of antimicrobial peptide genes in the Drosophila innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology, BK21 Center for Medical Science and Medical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, CPO Box 8044, Seoul, South Korea
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35
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Choi JH, Chung WJ, Han SJ, Lee HB, Choi IW, Lee HK, Jang KY, Lee DG, Han SS, Park KH, IM SY. Selective involvement of reactive oxygen intermediates in platelet-activating factor-mediated activation of NF-kappaB. Inflammation 2000; 24:385-98. [PMID: 10921504 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007068010645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Although it has been suggested that some biological activities of platelet-activating factor (PAF) are mediated by, at least in part, reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI), the precise mechanisms underlying the interaction between the two remains to be elucidated. Antioxidants, such as alpha-tocopherol acid succinate, N-acetyl-L-Cysteine, pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate failed to inhibit PAF-induced immediate systemic reactions such as lethality, symptoms of disseminated intravascular coagulation, and histological changes such as pulmonary edema and hemorrhage in renal medullae 10 min following PAF injection. In contrast. antioxidants significantly inhibited both the in vivo and in vitro PAF-induced NF-kappaB activation and NF-kappaB-dependent TNF-alpha expression. The effects of the antioxidants were due to their inhibition of PAF-induced degradation of IkappaBalpha, a protein responsible for keeping NF-kappaB in an inactive form. A protein tyrosine kinase and N-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone sensitive serine protease were involved in both PAF- and H2O2-induced NF-kappaB activation. Collectively, these data indicate that the PAF-induced NF-kappaB activation is selectively mediated through the generation of ROI.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Choi
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, Republic of Korea
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36
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Abstract
The polymer-micelle model, formerly established by Cabane, is revised to develop a new viscosity equation to describe the dependence of dilute solution viscosity on polymer concentration in PEG/SDS aqueous solutions. Two parameters inthe new equation were proposed to characterize the influence of the polymer solution viscosity on the added surfactant. The viscosity data of polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were measured by the Ubbelohde dilution viscometer and the new equation proved to be in good agreement with the experimental data. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- WH Jiang
- Chemistry Department, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
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37
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Jin YR, Zhang LZ, Han SJ, Zhang LX, Zhang JM, Zhou GQ, Dong HB. Behavior of lanthanides in countercurrent chromatography using dihexyl-N,N-diethylcarbamoyl methylene phosphonate as stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2000; 888:137-44. [PMID: 10949481 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00384-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Counter-current chromatography is a real liquid-liquid chromatography. The retention volume of the solute can be calculated from the batch distribution ratio in organic separations. In the separations of metal ion, there are several complex and dissociation reactions involved in the two phases, and the retention volume cannot be always predicted from the batch distribution ratio. A mass transfer model is proposed in this paper and an expression of V(R) is derived. The retention volume of metal ion is determined not only by the batch distribution ratio but also by the mechanism of the extraction reaction. When 25% dihexyl-N,N-diethylcarbamoyl methylenephosphonate in cyclohexane is used as stationary phase and 2.91 mol/l HNO3 as mobile phase, the dynamic distribution ratios obtained from the chromatogram are not equal to but proportional to the batch distribution coefficients. These results are in agreement with the theoretical expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y R Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejang University, Hanzhou, China
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38
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Lee WJ, Kim SH, Kim YS, Han SJ, Park KS, Ryu JH, Hur MW, Choi KY. Inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase by a Drosophila dual-specific phosphatase. Biochem J 2000; 349 Pt 3:821-8. [PMID: 10903144 PMCID: PMC1221210 DOI: 10.1042/bj3490821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Drosophila extracellular signal-regulated kinase (DERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is involved in the regulation of multiple differentiation and developmental processes. Tight control of MAPK activity is critical for normal cell behaviour. We identified a novel Drosophila MAPK phosphatase (DMKP) cDNA from the expressed-sequence-tag database and characterized it. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed an open reading frame encoding the 203-amino acid protein, with a calculated molecular mass of 23 kDa, which has a high amino acid sequence similarity with 'VH1-like' dual-specific phosphatases at the broad region near the catalytic sites. The expression of DMKP mRNA occurs from the late larval stages to adulthood in Drosophila development. The recombinant DMKP protein produced in yeast retained its phosphatase activity. When expressed in Schneider cells, DMKP dose-dependently inhibited DERK and Drosophila c-Jun N-terminal kinase activities with high selectivity towards DERK. However, DMKP did not have any affect on Drosophila p38 activity. When DMKP was expressed in yeast, it down-regulated the fus1-lacZ trans-reporter gene of the pheromone MAPK pathway without any significant effect on the high-osmolarity-glycerol-response pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetic Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
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39
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Abstract
In order to investigate the significance of preferred conformations of the saccharide for the steric orientation and recognition of glycosphingolipids at the membrane surface, the conformational free energy calculations were carried out on the asialo-GM1 [GA1; beta-D-Gal (1-->3) beta-D-GalNac(1-->4) beta-D-Gal(1-->4) beta-D-Glc-O-ceramide) using a new program CONCARB (CONformational study program for CARBohydrate) in the unhydrated and hydrated states. The overall backbone conformational of GA1 appears to be extended with a little bent at the glycosidic II-III linkage, in which two pyranose rings of Gal(IV)-GalNAc-(III) moiety orient approximately perpendicular to those of Gal(II)-Glc(I) moiety. This is consistent with the structures deduced from high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry experiments and the nmr study on GA1. The calculated glycosidic torsion angles of the lowest free energy conformation of GA1 in the hydrated state are in accord with the structures of relevant oligosaccharides deduced from nmr experiments and hard sphere exoanomeric calculations. A comparison of the values of glycosidic torsion angles phi and psi of GA1 and its constituent oligosaccharides indicates that the overall backbone conformation of each oligosaccharide is retained when the oligosaccharide chain becomes longer. This implies that the short-range interactions between the nearest-neighbored saccharides are of significant importance in stabilizing the overall backbone conformation of GA1 in both the unhydrated and hydrated states. The different orientation and hydrogen bonds of hydroxymethyl and hydroxyl groups from one oligosaccharide to another suggest that the medium- and long-range interactions are also of consequence. Hydration seems to affect significantly the confirmation of these groups, but not to perturb remarkably the overall backbone conformation of GA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Park
- Department of Chemistry, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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40
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Kim MJ, Park YN, Han SJ, Yoon CS, Yoo HS, Hwang EH, Chung KS. Biliary atresia in neonates and infants: triangular area of high signal intensity in the porta hepatis at T2-weighted MR cholangiography with US and histopathologic correlation. Radiology 2000; 215:395-401. [PMID: 10796915 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.215.2.r00ma04395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To correlate a triangular area of high signal intensity in the porta hepatis on T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) cholangiograms of biliary atresia with ultrasonographic (US) and histopathologic findings in a portal mass observed during a Kasai procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-one consecutive neonates and infants (age range, 13-88 days; mean age, 59 days) with cholestasis underwent US and single-shot MR cholangiography. In 12 patients with biliary atresia diagnosed at histopathologic examination, MR cholangiographic findings in the porta hepatis were correlated with US and histopathologic findings in the portal mass. RESULTS At US, eight of the 12 patients had round, linear, or tubular hypoechoic portions within a triangular cord; MR cholangiography revealed a triangular area of high signal intensity confined to the porta hepatis. Histopathologic examination of the portal mass revealed a cystic or cleftlike lesion surrounded by loose myxoid mesenchyme and platelike fetal bile ducts. Neither the large cystic lesion without ductal epithelium nor the small cleftlike lesion with scanty epithelium demonstrated bile staining. Similar areas of high signal intensity were not seen on T2-weighted images in the remaining patients (four with biliary atresia and nine with neonatal hepatitis). CONCLUSION In biliary atresia, T2-weighted single-shot MR cholangiography can show a triangular area of high signal intensity in the porta hepatis that may represent cystic dilatation of the fetal bile duct.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Kim
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-ku, Seoul, South Korea.
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41
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Han SJ, Chang HN, DeMoss JA, Suh EJ, Lee J. Development and characterization of an oxygen-dependent inducible promoter system, the modified nar promoter in a mutant Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Bioeng 2000; 68:115-20. [PMID: 10699879 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(20000405)68:1<115::aid-bit14>3.0.co;2-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A nar promoter system (a modified nar promoter in a mutant host Escherichia coli (pMW618/W3110narL(-))), which is maximally induced under microaerobic conditions, was developed and characterized through batch and fed-batch culture to see whether the modified nar promoter can be used as an oxygen-dependent inducible promoter in the absence of nitrate ion. The modified nar promoter (pMW618) derived by mutations at -10 and -35 regions of the wild-type nar promoter does not require nitrate ion for the full induction, while a mutant host E. coli, W3110narL(-), does not express nitrate-dependent regulatory protein, NARL, from the host chromosome. In this study, it was found from fed-batch culture that the specific beta-galactosidase activity expressed from the lacZ gene fused to the modified nar promoter in the absence of nitrate ion was maximal when E. coli was grown under aerobic conditions (dissolved oxygen (DO) at 80%) to absorbance at 600 nm (OD(600)) of 35, and then the modified nar promoter was induced by lowering DO to 1-2% with alternating microaerobic and aerobic conditions. The maximal specific beta-galactosidase activity became 58,000 Miller at OD(600) of 160 with an induction ratio of 20. On the basis of these results, we conclude that the modified nar promoter system (pMW618/W3110narL(-)), requiring only reduction of DO for the full induction, provides a convenient and effective high-level expression system under conditions of fed-batch culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Bioprocess Engineering Research Center, KAIST, Taejon 305-701, Korea
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42
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Kim YS, Han SJ, Ryu JH, Choi KH, Hong YS, Chung YH, Perrot S, Raibaud A, Brey PT, Lee WJ. Lipopolysaccharide-activated kinase, an essential component for the induction of the antimicrobial peptide genes in Drosophila melanogaster cells. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:2071-9. [PMID: 10636911 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.3.2071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic organisms use a similar Rel/NF-kappaB signaling cascade for the induction of innate immune genes. In Drosophila, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) signal-induced activation of the Rel/NF-kappaB family transcription factors is an essential step in the transcriptional activation of inducible antimicrobial peptide genes. However, the mechanism by which the LPS-induced signaling pathway proceeds remains largely unknown. Here we have cloned a novel Drosophila LPS-activated kinase (DLAK) that is structurally related to mammalian IkappaB kinases. DLAK is expressed and transiently activated in LPS-responsive Drosophila cells following LPS stimulation. Furthermore, DLAK can interact with Cactus, a Drosophila IkappaB and phosphorylate recombinant Cactus, in vitro. Overexpression of dominant-negative mutant DLAK (DLAK(K50A)) blocks LPS-induced Cactus degradation. DLAK-bound Cactus can be degraded in a LPS signal-dependent fashion, whereas the DLAK(K50A) mutant-bound Cactus is completely resistant to degradation in the presence of LPS. The DLAK(K50A) mutant also inhibits nuclear kappaB binding activity and kappaB-dependent diptericin reporter gene activity in a dose-dependent manner, but the kappaB-dependent diptericin reporter gene activity can be rescued by overexpression of wild type DLAK. Moreover, mRNA analysis of various kappaB-dependent antimicrobial peptide genes shows that LPS inducibility of these genes is greatly impaired in cells overexpressing DLAK(K50A). These results establish that DLAK is a novel LPS-activated kinase, which is an essential signaling component for the induction of antimicrobial peptide genes following LPS treatment in Drosophila cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology, Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Shinchon-Dong 134, Seoul, South Korea
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43
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Kwon JY, Park JM, Gim BS, Han SJ, Lee J, Kim YJ. Caenorhabditis elegans mediator complexes are required for developmental-specific transcriptional activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:14990-5. [PMID: 10611325 PMCID: PMC24760 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.26.14990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mediator proteins are required for transcriptional regulation of most genes in yeast. Mammalian Mediator homologs also function as transcriptional coactivators in vitro; however, their physiological role in gene-specific transcription is not yet known. To determine the role of Mediator proteins in the development of complex organisms, we purified putative Mediator complexes from Caenorhabditis elegans and analyzed their phenotypes in vivo. C. elegans Mediator homologs were assembled into two multiprotein complexes. RNA interference assays showed that the CeMed6, CeMed7, and CeMed10/CeNut2 gene products are required for the expression of developmentally regulated genes, but are dispensable for expression of the ubiquitously expressed genes tested in this study. Therefore, the gene-specific function of Mediator as an integrator of transcriptional regulatory signals is evolutionarily conserved and is essential for C. elegans development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Kwon
- Department of Biology, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-ku, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
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44
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Ahmed A, Martín D, Manetti AG, Han SJ, Lee WJ, Mathiopoulos KD, Müller HM, Kafatos FC, Raikhel A, Brey PT. Genomic structure and ecdysone regulation of the prophenoloxidase 1 gene in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:14795-800. [PMID: 10611292 PMCID: PMC24727 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.26.14795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prophenoloxidase, a melanin-synthesizing enzyme, is considered to be an important arthropod immune protein. In mosquitoes, prophenoloxidase has been shown to be involved in refractory mechanisms against malaria parasites. In our study we used Anopheles gambiae, the most important human malaria vector, to characterize the first arthropod prophenoloxidase gene at the genomic level. The complete nucleotide sequence, including the immediate 5' flanking sequence (-855 bp) of the prophenoloxidase 1 gene, was determined. The gene spans 10 kb and is composed of five exons and four introns coding for a 2.5-kb mRNA. In the 5' flanking sequence, we found several putative regulatory motifs, two of which were identified as ecdysteroid regulatory elements. Electrophoretic mobility gel-shift assays and supershift assays demonstrated that the Aedes aegypti ecdysone receptor/Ultraspiracle nuclear receptor complex, and, seemingly, the endogenous Anopheles gambiae nuclear receptor complex, was able to bind one of the ecdysteroid response elements. Furthermore, 20-hydroxyecdysone stimulation was shown to up-regulate the transcription of the prophenoloxidase 1 gene in an A. gambiae cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ahmed
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire des Insectes, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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45
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Han SJ, Kim JH, Noh YJ, Chang HS, Kim CS, Kim KS, Ki SY, Park CS, Chung IY. Interleukin (IL)-5 downregulates tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced eotaxin messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in eosinophils. Induction of eotaxin mRNA by TNF and IL-5 in eosinophils. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1999; 21:303-10. [PMID: 10460747 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb.21.3.3467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An eotaxin is a chemoattractant specific for eosinophils that are known to play a role in helminth infection and allergic responses. Although several cellular sources have been reported to produce eotaxin, it would be interesting to know whether eosinophils are able to produce their own eotaxin and participate in recruitment of themselves in response to inflammation. To this end, a cloned eotaxin complementary DNA was transcribed in vitro to use as a probe for detecting eotaxin messenger RNA (mRNA), and eotaxin protein levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Eotaxin mRNA was, as analyzed by in situ hybridization, rarely detectable in unstimulated eosinophils, but was strongly induced in eosinophils when stimulated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Interleukin (IL)-5, which is known to be a major factor of eosinophil survival in vivo and in vitro, was also able to induce a modest level of eotaxin mRNA but inhibited TNF-induced eotaxin mRNA expression in a dose-response manner. Dexamethasone inhibited TNF-induced eotaxin mRNA expression. This result was consistent with that from reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction followed by Southern blot analysis. Unlike the little expression of eotaxin mRNA in the absence of stimuli, the measurement of eotaxin protein revealed that a considerable amount of eotaxin protein was constitutively produced in unstimulated eosinophils. Its expression was upregulated by TNF and IL-5 as well. However, the inhibitory effect of IL-5 on TNF-mediated eotaxin protein production was not as pronounced as that on eotaxin mRNA induction. Collectively, these data reflect the complex physiology of eosinophils in the expression of eotaxin gene upon the exposure to their survival and/or death factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hanyang University, Kyunggi-do, Seoul, Korea
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46
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Han SJ, Cho HS, You JS, Nam YW, Park EK, Shin JS, Park YI, Park WM, Paek KH. Gene silencing-mediated resistance in transgenic tobacco plants carrying potato virus Y coat protein gene. Mol Cells 1999; 9:376-83. [PMID: 10515600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike other pathogens, plant viruses are hardly controlled by chemical agents. Potato virus Y (PVY) is distributed around the world, and causes a great loss economically. In an attempt to minimize the damage by viruses, the PVY coat protein (CP) gene was introduced into tobacco by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. A significant proportion of the transgenic plants displayed resistance to PVY and showed substantially decreased CP transgene expression at both protein and steady-state mRNA levels compared to susceptible transgenic or nontransgenic plants. A resistant plant was selected and self-fertilized for several generations until T4 progenitor lines were obtained. Most of these T4 plants accumulated extremely low levels of CP protein and steady-state mRNA, and exhibited almost complete resistance to PVY. DNA gel blot analysis revealed that the transgenic plants typically had two or three copies of the transgene. These results are characteristic of pathogen-derived resistance, in which the resistance against virus is the consequence of post-transcriptional gene silencing directed by homologous transgenes. To uncover factors that may play roles in gene silencing, sequences in the 3' part of the transcribed region of the CP gene were transcribed in vitro and the RNA fragments were incubated with cell extracts from transgenic plants. A ribonuclease activity was detected that appeared to be specific for this transcript in the PVY-resistant transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Han
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul
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47
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Han SJ, Choi JH, Ko HM, Yang HW, Choi IW, Lee HK, Lee OH, Im SY. Glucocorticoids prevent NF-kappaB activation by inhibiting the early release of platelet-activating factor in response to lipopolysaccharide. Eur J Immunol 1999. [PMID: 10229101 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199904)29:04<1334::aid-immu1334>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a known inducer of numerous pro-inflammatory events including the production of platelet-activating factor (PAF). PAF released in response to LPS is a major contributor to the pathological events associated with endotoxemia. The present study demonstrates that dexmethasone (DEX) inhibited the LPS-induced early plasma PAF raise in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, DEX prevented the subsequent PAF-mediated pathological phenomena such as anaphylactic shock-like symptoms, symptoms of disseminated intravascular coagulation and hemorrhage in renal medullae. DEX or the PAF antagonist BN 50739 significantly inhibited LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation. The inhibition of NF-kappaB activation by DEX was overcome by the injection of exogenous PAF. Administration of PAF or LPS resulted in a rapid loss of IkappaBalpha protein. The LPS-induced degradation of IkappaBalpha was prevented by pretreatment with BN 50739, suggesting that PAF is a critical intermediate in the LPS-triggered degradation of IkappaBalpha protein. DEX prevented the LPS-induced IkappaBalpha degradation, which was also reversed by exogenous PAF. Administration of DEX or BN 50739 caused an increase in cytoplasmic IkappaBalpha level. Our results indicate that DEX inhibits IkappaBalpha degradation and subsequent NF-kappaB activation through blocking the initial release of PAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Han
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, HRC, Kwangju, Republic of Korea
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48
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Abstract
The Mediator complex of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for both general and regulated transcription of RNA polymerase II (PolII) and is composed of two stable subcomplexes (Srb4 and Rgr1 subcomplexes). To decipher the function of each Mediator subcomplex and to delineate the functional relationship between the subcomplexes, we characterized the compositions and biochemical activities of PolII-Mediator complexes (holoenzymes) prepared from several Mediator mutant strains of S. cerevisiae. We found that holoenzymes devoid of a functional Gal11 module were defective for activated but not basal transcription in a reconstituted in vitro system. This activation-specific defect was correlated with a crippled physical interaction to transcriptional activator proteins, which could be bypassed by artificial recruitment of a mutant holoenzyme to a promoter. Consistent with this observation, a direct interaction between Gal11 and gene-specific transcriptional activator proteins was detected by far-Western analyses and column binding assays. In contrast, the srb5 deletion mutant holoenzyme was defective for both basal and activated transcription, despite its capacity for activator binding that is comparable to that of the wild-type holoenzyme. These results demonstrate that the Gal11 module of the Rgr1 subcomplex is required for the efficient recruitment of PolII holoenzyme to a promoter via activator-specific interactions, while the Srb4 subcomplex functions in the modulation of general polymerase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Lee
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Kangnam-ku, Seoul 135-230, Korea
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49
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Han SJ, Choi JH, Ko HM, Yang HW, Choi IW, Lee HK, Lee OH, Im SY. Glucocorticoids prevent NF-kappaB activation by inhibiting the early release of platelet-activating factor in response to lipopolysaccharide. Eur J Immunol 1999; 29:1334-41. [PMID: 10229101 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199904)29:04<1334::aid-immu1334>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a known inducer of numerous pro-inflammatory events including the production of platelet-activating factor (PAF). PAF released in response to LPS is a major contributor to the pathological events associated with endotoxemia. The present study demonstrates that dexmethasone (DEX) inhibited the LPS-induced early plasma PAF raise in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, DEX prevented the subsequent PAF-mediated pathological phenomena such as anaphylactic shock-like symptoms, symptoms of disseminated intravascular coagulation and hemorrhage in renal medullae. DEX or the PAF antagonist BN 50739 significantly inhibited LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation. The inhibition of NF-kappaB activation by DEX was overcome by the injection of exogenous PAF. Administration of PAF or LPS resulted in a rapid loss of IkappaBalpha protein. The LPS-induced degradation of IkappaBalpha was prevented by pretreatment with BN 50739, suggesting that PAF is a critical intermediate in the LPS-triggered degradation of IkappaBalpha protein. DEX prevented the LPS-induced IkappaBalpha degradation, which was also reversed by exogenous PAF. Administration of DEX or BN 50739 caused an increase in cytoplasmic IkappaBalpha level. Our results indicate that DEX inhibits IkappaBalpha degradation and subsequent NF-kappaB activation through blocking the initial release of PAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Han
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, HRC, Kwangju, Republic of Korea
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50
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Na SY, Kang BY, Chung SW, Han SJ, Ma X, Trinchieri G, Im SY, Lee JW, Kim TS. Retinoids inhibit interleukin-12 production in macrophages through physical associations of retinoid X receptor and NFkappaB. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:7674-80. [PMID: 10075655 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.12.7674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increases the production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) from mouse macrophages via a kappaB site within the IL-12 p40 promoter. In this study, we found that retinoids inhibit this LPS-stimulated production of IL-12 in a dose-dependent manner. The NFkappaB components p50 and p65 bound retinoid X receptor (RXR) in a ligand-independent manner in vitro, and the interaction interfaces involved the p50 residues 1-245, the p65 residues 194-441, and the N-terminal A/B/C domains of RXR. Activation of macrophages by LPS resulted in markedly enhanced binding activities to the kappaB site, which significantly decreased upon addition of retinoids, as demonstrated by the electrophoretic mobility shift assays. In cotransfections of CV-1 and HeLa cells, RXR also inhibited the NFkappaB transactivation in a ligand-dependent manner, whereas a mutant RXR lacking the AF2 transactivation domain, which serves as ligand-dependent binding sites for transcription integrators SRC-1 and p300, was without any effect. In addition, coexpression of increasing amounts of SRC-1 or p300 relieved the retinoid-mediated inhibition of the NFkappaB transactivation. From these results, we propose that retinoid-mediated suppression of the IL-12 production from LPS-activated macrophages may involve both inhibition of the NFkappaB-DNA interactions and competitive recruitment of transcription integrators between NFkappaB and RXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Na
- Department of Biology, Chonnam National University, Kwangju 500-757, Korea
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