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Sohail M, Long D, Kay E, Levitan EB, Batey DS, Reed-Pickens H, Rana A, Carodine A, Nevin C, Eady S, Parmar J, Turner K, Orakwue I, Miller T, Wynne T, Mugavero M. Role of Visit Modality in the HIV-Related No-Shows During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multisite Retrospective Cohort Study. AIDS Behav 2023:10.1007/s10461-022-03973-2. [PMID: 36633763 PMCID: PMC9838273 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-022-03973-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated rapid expansion of telehealth as part of healthcare delivery. This study compared HIV-related no-shows by visit type (in-person; video; telephone) during the COVID-19 pandemic (April 2020-September 2021) from the Data for Care Alabama project. Using all primary care provider visits, each visit's outcome was categorized as no-show or arrived. A logistic regression model using generalized estimating equations accounting for repeat measures in individuals and within sites calculated odds ratios (OR) and their accompanying 95% confidence interval (CI) for no-shows by visit modality. The multivariable models adjusted for sociodemographic factors. In-person versus telephone visits [OR (95% CI) 1.64 (1.48-1.82)] and in-person versus video visits [OR (95% CI) 1.53 (1.25-1.85)] had higher odds of being a no-show. In-person versus telephone and video no-shows were significantly higher. This may suggest success of telehealth visits as a method for HIV care delivery even beyond COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira Sohail
- Center for AIDS Research (CFAR), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Dustin Long
- Center for AIDS Research (CFAR), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Emma Kay
- Center for AIDS Research (CFAR), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Emily B. Levitan
- Center for AIDS Research (CFAR), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - D. Scott Batey
- Center for AIDS Research (CFAR), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA ,School of Social Work, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Harriette Reed-Pickens
- Center for AIDS Research (CFAR), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Aadia Rana
- Center for AIDS Research (CFAR), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA ,UAB, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1917 Clinic, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Alyssa Carodine
- Center for AIDS Research (CFAR), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Christa Nevin
- UAB, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1917 Clinic, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Seqouya Eady
- UAB Family Clinic, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Mugavero
- Center for AIDS Research (CFAR), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA ,UAB, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1917 Clinic, Birmingham, AL USA ,1808 7TH AVE SOUTH BDB 834, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA
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Sohail M, Mugavero M, Long D, Levitan EB, Batey DS, Reed-Pickens H, Rana A, Carodine A, Nevin CR, Eady S, Parmar J, Turner K, Orakwue I, Miller T, Wynne T, Kay ES. Assessing the Impact of COVID-19 on Retention in HIV Primary Care: A Longitudinal Multisite Analysis. AIDS Behav 2022; 27:1514-1522. [PMID: 36322220 PMCID: PMC9629198 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-022-03886-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We compared retention in care outcomes between a pre-COVID-19 (Apr19-Mar20) and an early-COVID-19 (Apr20-Mar21) period to determine whether the pandemic had a significant impact on these outcomes and assessed the role of patient sociodemographics in both periods in individuals enrolled in the Data for Care Alabama project (n = 6461). Using scheduled HIV primary care provider visits, we calculated a kept-visit measure and a missed-visit measure and compared them among the pre-COVID-19 and early-COVID-19 periods. We used logistic regression models to calculated odds ratios (OR) and accompanying 95% confidence intervals (CI). Overall, individuals had lowers odds of high visit constancy [OR (95% CI): 0.85 (0.79, 0.92)] and higher odds of no-shows [OR (95% CI): 1.27 (1.19, 1.35)] during the early-COVID-19 period. Compared to white patients, Black patients were more likely to miss an appointment and transgender people versus cisgender women had lower visit constancy in the early-COVID-19 period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira Sohail
- Center for AIDS Research (CFAR), University of Alabama at Birmingham, 10th Ave S, 35294, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Michael Mugavero
- Center for AIDS Research (CFAR), University of Alabama at Birmingham, 10th Ave S, 35294, Birmingham, AL, United States
- UAB 1917 Clinic, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Dustin Long
- Center for AIDS Research (CFAR), University of Alabama at Birmingham, 10th Ave S, 35294, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Emily B Levitan
- Center for AIDS Research (CFAR), University of Alabama at Birmingham, 10th Ave S, 35294, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - D Scott Batey
- Center for AIDS Research (CFAR), University of Alabama at Birmingham, 10th Ave S, 35294, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Harriette Reed-Pickens
- Center for AIDS Research (CFAR), University of Alabama at Birmingham, 10th Ave S, 35294, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Aadia Rana
- Center for AIDS Research (CFAR), University of Alabama at Birmingham, 10th Ave S, 35294, Birmingham, AL, United States
- UAB 1917 Clinic, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Alyssa Carodine
- Center for AIDS Research (CFAR), University of Alabama at Birmingham, 10th Ave S, 35294, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christa R Nevin
- UAB 1917 Clinic, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Seqouya Eady
- UAB Family Clinic, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Emma Sophia Kay
- Center for AIDS Research (CFAR), University of Alabama at Birmingham, 10th Ave S, 35294, Birmingham, AL, United States.
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Parkar SG, Eady S, Cabecinha M, Skinner MA. Consumption of apple-boysenberry beverage decreases salivary Actinomyces naeslundii and their adhesion in a multi-species biofilm model. Benef Microbes 2017; 8:299-307. [PMID: 28403648 DOI: 10.3920/bm2016.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesised that consumption of beverage rich in both fibre and polyphenols, rather than each bioactive alone, will modulate populations of selected salivary bacteria, and their adhesion characteristics and that some of these effects may be due to the anti-microbial activity of the beverage bioactives. We investigated the effect of 4 weeks' consumption of beverages, rich in apple fibre, boysenberry polyphenols, or both on salivary bacteria in healthy subjects. In this placebo-controlled crossover study, saliva samples were collected at the beginning and end of each treatment period, and used for qPCR quantitation of Lactobacillus spp., Actinomyces naeslundii and Streptococcus mutans. The counts of salivary A. naeslundii decreased after the consumption of the apple-boysenberry beverage (P<0.05, Student's t-test). We also examined the effect of the subjects' saliva on bacterial adhesion using a mixed species biofilm model. The salivary pellicles prepared before and after each treatment were inoculated with laboratory strains of A. naeslundii, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and S. mutans and tested for biofilm formation. The post appleboysenberry beverage salivary pellicle significantly decreased the adhesion of A. naeslundii at the end of both 3 and 24 h, in the in vitro biofilm. A 1/16 dilution of the apple-boysenberry beverage itself decreased the proliferation of test strains of A. naeslundii and S. mutans by 51 and 55%, respectively (P<0.005), indicating the antimicrobial activity of its bioactives. This study demonstrated that consumption of apple-boysenberry beverage, rather than apple or the boysenberry beverage alone or the placebo, decreased salivary A. naeslundii and their adhesion under laboratory conditions. These changes are factors that influence oral microecology and potentially oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Parkar
- 1 The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - S Eady
- 2 The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Canterbury Agricultural Science Centre, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - M Cabecinha
- 1 The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - M A Skinner
- 3 The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mount Albert Research Centre, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Pollott GE, Karlsson LJE, Eady S, Greeff JC. Genetic parameters for indicators of host resistance to parasites from weaning to hogget age in Merino sheep. J Anim Sci 2005; 82:2852-64. [PMID: 15484935 DOI: 10.2527/2004.82102852x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fecal egg count (FEC) has been widely used as an indicator of host resistance to gastrointestinal parasites in sheep and has been shown to be a heritable trait. Two other possible indicators of parasites, dag score (DS; accumulated fecal material) and fecal consistency score (FCS), were investigated in this study, along with BW. All four traits were studied to see how heritability and genetic correlations varied with age from weaning (4 mo) to hogget age (approximately 400 d). More than 1,100 lambs, the offspring of 37 rams, were recorded eight times between weaning (3 to 5 mo of age) and hogget age (13 to 18 mo of age) on two farms. Sire models were fitted to the data from each trait at each recording and in a repeatability model involving the whole data set. Overall, the heritabilities were 0.28+/-0.072 (FEC), 0.11+/-0.036 (DS), 0.12+/-0.036 (FCS), and 0.23+/-0.070 (BW). By fitting random regression models to the time-series data, it was possible to see how these heritability values varied as the lambs aged, from weaning to hogget age. The heritability of FEC rose from 0.2 at weaning to 0.65 at 400 d. Dag score had a higher heritability (0.25) in the middle of the age range and a low value at weaning (<0.1) and hogget age (0.16). The heritability of FCS was low, with a value of 0.2 at weaning reducing to 0.05 as the animals aged. Body weight had zero heritability at weaning, which rose to greater than 0.6 at hogget age. Most traits had low genetic correlations between them, the only exception being that between FCS and DS (0.63). Most genetic correlations varied little over the age range with the exception of FEC and BW, which fell from 0 at weaning to -0.63 at hogget age. Whereas FCS and DS may be good indicators of scouring, they are very different from FEC as an indicator of host resistance to gastrointestinal parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Pollott
- Imperial College London, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Wye Campus, Ashford, Kent TN25 5AH, UK.
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Abstract
High-field 1H-n.m.r.-spectroscopic studies supported by chemical carbohydrate analyses show that skeletal keratan sulphates (KS-II) of bovine origin may be sub-classified into two groups. Keratan sulphate chains from articular and intervertebral-disc cartilage (KS-II-A) contain two structural features, namely alpha(1----3)-fucose and alpha(2----6)-linked N-acetyl-neuraminic acid residues, that are absent from keratan sulphates from tracheal or nasal-septum cartilage (KS-II-B).
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Nieduszynski
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Lancaster, Bailrigg, U.K
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