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Kundu P, Naskar D, McKie SJ, Dass S, Kanjee U, Introini V, Ferreira MU, Cicuta P, Duraisingh M, Deane JE, Rayner JC. The structure of a Plasmodium vivax Tryptophan Rich Antigen domain suggests a lipid binding function for a pan-Plasmodium multi-gene family. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5703. [PMID: 37709739 PMCID: PMC10502043 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40885-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan Rich Antigens (TRAgs) are encoded by a multi-gene family found in all Plasmodium species, but are significantly expanded in P. vivax and closely related parasites. We show that multiple P. vivax TRAgs are expressed on the merozoite surface and that one, PVP01_0000100 binds red blood cells with a strong preference for reticulocytes. Using X-ray crystallography, we solved the structure of the PVP01_0000100 C-terminal tryptophan rich domain, which defines the TRAg family, revealing a three-helical bundle that is conserved across Plasmodium and has structural homology with lipid-binding BAR domains involved in membrane remodelling. Biochemical assays confirm that the PVP01_0000100 C-terminal domain has lipid binding activity with preference for sulfatide, a glycosphingolipid present in the outer leaflet of plasma membranes. Deletion of the putative orthologue in P. knowlesi, PKNH_1300500, impacts invasion in reticulocytes, suggesting a role during this essential process. Together, this work defines an emerging molecular function for the Plasmodium TRAg family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasun Kundu
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Deboki Naskar
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shannon J McKie
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sheena Dass
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Usheer Kanjee
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Viola Introini
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marcelo U Ferreira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pietro Cicuta
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manoj Duraisingh
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Janet E Deane
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Julian C Rayner
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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McKie SJ, Nicholson AS, Smith E, Fawke S, Caroe ER, Williamson JC, Butt BG, Kolářová D, Peterka O, Holčapek M, Lehner PJ, Graham SC, Deane JE. Altered plasma membrane abundance of the sulfatide-binding protein NF155 links glycosphingolipid imbalances to demyelination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2218823120. [PMID: 36996106 PMCID: PMC10083573 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2218823120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelin is a multilayered membrane that tightly wraps neuronal axons, enabling efficient, high-speed signal propagation. The axon and myelin sheath form tight contacts, mediated by specific plasma membrane proteins and lipids, and disruption of these contacts causes devastating demyelinating diseases. Using two cell-based models of demyelinating sphingolipidoses, we demonstrate that altered lipid metabolism changes the abundance of specific plasma membrane proteins. These altered membrane proteins have known roles in cell adhesion and signaling, with several implicated in neurological diseases. The cell surface abundance of the adhesion molecule neurofascin (NFASC), a protein critical for the maintenance of myelin-axon contacts, changes following disruption to sphingolipid metabolism. This provides a direct molecular link between altered lipid abundance and myelin stability. We show that the NFASC isoform NF155, but not NF186, interacts directly and specifically with the sphingolipid sulfatide via multiple binding sites and that this interaction requires the full-length extracellular domain of NF155. We demonstrate that NF155 adopts an S-shaped conformation and preferentially binds sulfatide-containing membranes in cis, with important implications for protein arrangement in the tight axon-myelin space. Our work links glycosphingolipid imbalances to disturbance of membrane protein abundance and demonstrates how this may be driven by direct protein-lipid interactions, providing a mechanistic framework to understand the pathogenesis of galactosphingolipidoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon J. McKie
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0XY, UK
| | - Alex S. Nicholson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0XY, UK
| | - Emily Smith
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0XY, UK
| | - Stuart Fawke
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0XY, UK
| | - Eve R. Caroe
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0XY, UK
| | - James C. Williamson
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0AW, UK
| | - Benjamin G. Butt
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 1QP, UK
| | - Denisa Kolářová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Pardubice53210, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Peterka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Pardubice53210, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Holčapek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Pardubice53210, Czech Republic
| | - Paul J. Lehner
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0AW, UK
| | - Stephen C. Graham
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 1QP, UK
| | - Janet E. Deane
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0XY, UK
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McKie SJ, Desai P, Seol Y, Allen AM, Maxwell A, Neuman KC. Topoisomerase VI is a chirally-selective, preferential DNA decatenase. eLife 2022; 11:67021. [PMID: 35076393 PMCID: PMC8837201 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA topoisomerase VI (topo VI) is a type IIB DNA topoisomerase found predominantly in archaea and some bacteria, but also in plants and algae. Since its discovery, topo VI has been proposed to be a DNA decatenase; however, robust evidence and a mechanism for its preferential decatenation activity was lacking. Using single-molecule magnetic tweezers measurements and supporting ensemble biochemistry, we demonstrate that Methanosarcina mazei topo VI preferentially unlinks, or decatenates DNA crossings, in comparison to relaxing supercoils, through a preference for certain DNA crossing geometries. In addition, topo VI demonstrates a significant increase in ATPase activity, DNA binding and rate of strand passage, with increasing DNA writhe, providing further evidence that topo VI is a DNA crossing sensor. Our study strongly suggests that topo VI has evolved an intrinsic preference for the unknotting and decatenation of interlinked chromosomes by sensing and preferentially unlinking DNA crossings with geometries close to 90°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon J McKie
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Parth Desai
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Yeonee Seol
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Adam Mb Allen
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Maxwell
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Keir C Neuman
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
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McKie SJ, Neuman KC, Maxwell A. DNA topoisomerases: Advances in understanding of cellular roles and multi-protein complexes via structure-function analysis. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2000286. [PMID: 33480441 PMCID: PMC7614492 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
DNA topoisomerases, capable of manipulating DNA topology, are ubiquitous and indispensable for cellular survival due to the numerous roles they play during DNA metabolism. As we review here, current structural approaches have revealed unprecedented insights into the complex DNA-topoisomerase interaction and strand passage mechanism, helping to advance our understanding of their activities in vivo. This has been complemented by single-molecule techniques, which have facilitated the detailed dissection of the various topoisomerase reactions. Recent work has also revealed the importance of topoisomerase interactions with accessory proteins and other DNA-associated proteins, supporting the idea that they often function as part of multi-enzyme assemblies in vivo. In addition, novel topoisomerases have been identified and explored, such as topo VIII and Mini-A. These new findings are advancing our understanding of DNA-related processes and the vital functions topos fulfil, demonstrating their indispensability in virtually every aspect of DNA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon J McKie
- Department Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK.,Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, NHLBI, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Keir C Neuman
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, NHLBI, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anthony Maxwell
- Department Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
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Stracy M, Wollman AJM, Kaja E, Gapinski J, Lee JE, Leek VA, McKie SJ, Mitchenall LA, Maxwell A, Sherratt DJ, Leake MC, Zawadzki P. Single-molecule imaging of DNA gyrase activity in living Escherichia coli. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:210-220. [PMID: 30445553 PMCID: PMC6326794 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial DNA gyrase introduces negative supercoils into chromosomal DNA and relaxes positive supercoils introduced by replication and transiently by transcription. Removal of these positive supercoils is essential for replication fork progression and for the overall unlinking of the two duplex DNA strands, as well as for ongoing transcription. To address how gyrase copes with these topological challenges, we used high-speed single-molecule fluorescence imaging in live Escherichia coli cells. We demonstrate that at least 300 gyrase molecules are stably bound to the chromosome at any time, with ∼12 enzymes enriched near each replication fork. Trapping of reaction intermediates with ciprofloxacin revealed complexes undergoing catalysis. Dwell times of ∼2 s were observed for the dispersed gyrase molecules, which we propose maintain steady-state levels of negative supercoiling of the chromosome. In contrast, the dwell time of replisome-proximal molecules was ∼8 s, consistent with these catalyzing processive positive supercoil relaxation in front of the progressing replisome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Stracy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Adam J M Wollman
- Biological Physical Sciences Institute (BPSI), Departments of Physics and Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Elzbieta Kaja
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jacek Gapinski
- Molecular Biophysics Division, Faculty of Physics, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ji-Eun Lee
- Biological Physical Sciences Institute (BPSI), Departments of Physics and Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Victoria A Leek
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Shannon J McKie
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Lesley A Mitchenall
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Anthony Maxwell
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - David J Sherratt
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Mark C Leake
- Biological Physical Sciences Institute (BPSI), Departments of Physics and Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Pawel Zawadzki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.,Molecular Biophysics Division, Faculty of Physics, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
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McKie SJ, Hardwick DJ, Reid JH, Murchison JT. Features of cardiac disease demonstrated on CT pulmonary angiography. Clin Radiol 2005; 60:31-8. [PMID: 15642290 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2004.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2003] [Revised: 07/06/2004] [Accepted: 07/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The heart and mediastinal structures can be overlooked at CT pulmonary angiogram (CTPA). This pictorial review will demonstrate the features of cardiac disease that may be evident on a CTPA. CTPA allows assessment of not only the pulmonary arteries for embolism, but also of the bronchi, lung parenchyma, mediastinum and heart. Co-existent underlying or incidental cardiac disease is often present. Potentially life-threatening alternative diagnoses in a patient with chest symptoms can be reliably identified. Pathologies of the myocardium including hypertrophic cardio myopathy, pericardial disease, valvular disease, coronary artery disease, and intracardiac abnormalities are demonstrated pictorially. CTPA is increasingly used for the detection of pulmonary embolism. Most patients investigated have pathology other than PE as a cause of their symptoms. Frequently information about the heart is produced that provides important clues to determine the cause for the presenting symptoms and signs or reveals co-existing pathology. It is important to have a clear understanding of the features of cardiac disease which may be seen on a CTPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J McKie
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
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