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Liu Q, Jiang L, Ho KY, Lam KKW, Lam W, Yang F, Mao T, Sun M, Shen B, Ho JM, Liu PK, Chiu SY, Wong FKY. Spiritual Interventions Among Pediatric Patients With Cancer: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. J Pain Symptom Manage 2024:S0885-3924(24)00669-9. [PMID: 38518833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2024.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although spiritual intervention is crucial in the care of childhood cancer patients (CCPs), its effectiveness has not yet been systematically evaluated. OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of existing spiritual interventions on psychological, spiritual outcomes, and quality of life (QoL) in CCPs. METHODS We searched eight databases to identify relevant randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. Results were either synthesized in a systematic narrative synthesis or a meta-analysis using a random effects model, where appropriate. The pooled treatment effect was estimated using the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Twelve studies with 576 CCPs were included. Eight studies showed a high risk of bias. The overall effect of existing spiritual interventions on QoL (Z = 1.05, SMD = 0.64, 95%CI = -0.15 to 1.83, P = 0.29), anxiety (Z = 1.11, SMD = -0.83, 95%CI = -2.30 to 0.64, P = 0.28) and depressive symptoms (Z = 1.06, SMD = -0.49, 95%CI = -1.40 to 0.42, P = 0.12) were statistically nonsignificant. The nonsignificant findings could be attributed to the high heterogeneity among the included studies (QoL: I2 = 85%; anxiety: I2 = 90%; depressive symptoms: I2 = 58%). CONCLUSION Evidence to support the positive effects of existing spiritual interventions on psychological and spiritual outcomes and QoL in CCPs is insufficient. Future studies should adopt a more rigorous design and unify the outcome measures to reduce the risk of bias and heterogeneity, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- School of Nursing (Q.L., L.J., K.Y.H., K.K.W.L., W.L., F.Y., T.M., J.M.C.H., F.K.Y.W.), Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, HKSAR
| | - Ling Jiang
- School of Nursing (Q.L., L.J., K.Y.H., K.K.W.L., W.L., F.Y., T.M., J.M.C.H., F.K.Y.W.), Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, HKSAR
| | - Ka Yan Ho
- School of Nursing (Q.L., L.J., K.Y.H., K.K.W.L., W.L., F.Y., T.M., J.M.C.H., F.K.Y.W.), Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, HKSAR.
| | - Katherine K W Lam
- School of Nursing (Q.L., L.J., K.Y.H., K.K.W.L., W.L., F.Y., T.M., J.M.C.H., F.K.Y.W.), Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, HKSAR
| | - Winsome Lam
- School of Nursing (Q.L., L.J., K.Y.H., K.K.W.L., W.L., F.Y., T.M., J.M.C.H., F.K.Y.W.), Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, HKSAR
| | - Funa Yang
- School of Nursing (Q.L., L.J., K.Y.H., K.K.W.L., W.L., F.Y., T.M., J.M.C.H., F.K.Y.W.), Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, HKSAR
| | - Ting Mao
- School of Nursing (Q.L., L.J., K.Y.H., K.K.W.L., W.L., F.Y., T.M., J.M.C.H., F.K.Y.W.), Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, HKSAR
| | - Mei Sun
- Xiangya School of Nursing (M.S.), Central South University, China
| | - Biyu Shen
- Department of Nursing (B.S.), Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Jacqueline Mc Ho
- School of Nursing (Q.L., L.J., K.Y.H., K.K.W.L., W.L., F.Y., T.M., J.M.C.H., F.K.Y.W.), Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, HKSAR
| | - P K Liu
- Hong Kong Children's Hospital (P.K.L.), Shing Cheong Road, Kowloon Bay, HKSAR
| | - S Y Chiu
- Department of Adolescent Medicine (S.Y.C.), Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, HKSAR
| | - Frances-Kam-Yuet Wong
- School of Nursing (Q.L., L.J., K.Y.H., K.K.W.L., W.L., F.Y., T.M., J.M.C.H., F.K.Y.W.), Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, HKSAR
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Chiu SY, Chen R, Wang WE, Armstrong MJ, Boeve BF, Savica R, Ramanan V, Fields JA, Graff-Radford N, Ferman TJ, Kantarci K, Vaillancourt DE. Longitudinal Free-Water Changes in Dementia with Lewy Bodies. Mov Disord 2024. [PMID: 38477399 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) examines tissue microstructure integrity in vivo. Prior dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) diffusion tensor imaging studies yielded mixed results. OBJECTIVE We employed free-water (FW) imaging to assess DLB progression and correlate with clinical decline in DLB. METHODS Baseline and follow-up MRIs were obtained at 12 and/or 24 months for 27 individuals with DLB or mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies (MCI-LB). FW was analyzed using the Mayo Clinic Adult Lifespan Template. Primary outcomes were FW differences between baseline and 12 or 24 months. To compare FW change longitudinally, we included 20 cognitively unimpaired individuals from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. RESULTS We followed 23 participants to 12 months and 16 participants to 24 months. Both groups had worsening in Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) scores. We found significant FW increases at both time points compared to baseline in the insula, amygdala, posterior cingulum, parahippocampal, entorhinal, supramarginal, fusiform, retrosplenial, and Rolandic operculum regions. At 24 months, we found more widespread microstructural changes in regions implicated in visuospatial processing, motor, and cholinergic functions. Between-group analyses (DLB vs. controls) confirmed significant FW changes over 24 months in most of these regions. FW changes were associated with longitudinal worsening of MDS-UPDRS and MoCA scores. CONCLUSIONS FW increased in gray and white matter regions in DLB, likely due to neurodegenerative pathology associated with disease progression. FW change was associated with clinical decline. The findings support dMRI as a promising tool to track disease progression in DLB. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Y Chiu
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Robin Chen
- Laboratory for Rehabilitation Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Wei-En Wang
- Laboratory for Rehabilitation Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Bradley F Boeve
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rodolfo Savica
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Vijay Ramanan
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Julie A Fields
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Tanis J Ferman
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Kejal Kantarci
- Department of Neuroradiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - David E Vaillancourt
- Laboratory for Rehabilitation Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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3
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Chung JOK, Li WHC, Chan GCF, Chiu SY, Ho KY. Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the Resilience Scale for Children: abridged secondary publication. Hong Kong Med J 2023; 29 Suppl 2:12-14. [PMID: 36950998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J O K Chung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - W H C Li
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - G C F Chan
- Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - S Y Chiu
- Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K Y Ho
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Chiu SY, Wyman-Chick KA, Ferman TJ, Bayram E, Holden SK, Choudhury P, Armstrong MJ. Sex differences in dementia with Lewy bodies: Focused review of available evidence and future directions. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 107:105285. [PMID: 36682958 PMCID: PMC10024862 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on sex differences in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) relating to epidemiology, clinical features, neuropathology, biomarkers, disease progression, and caregiving. While many studies show a higher DLB prevalence in men, this finding is inconsistent and varies by study approach. Visual hallucinations may be more common and occur earlier in women with DLB, whereas REM sleep behavior disorder may be more common and occur earlier in men. Several studies report a higher frequency of parkinsonism in men with DLB, while the frequency of fluctuations appears similar between sexes. Women tend to be older, have greater cognitive impairment at their initial visit, and are delayed in meeting DLB criteria compared to men. Women are also more likely to have Lewy body disease with co-existing AD-related pathology than so-called "pure" Lewy body disease, while men may present with either. Research is mixed regarding the impact of sex on DLB progression. Biomarker and treatment research assessing for sex differences is lacking. Women provide the majority of caregiving in DLB but how this affects the caregiving experience is uncertain. Gaining a better understanding of sex differences will be instrumental in aiding future development of sex-specific strategies in DLB for early diagnosis, care, and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Y Chiu
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; Norman Fixel Institute for Neurologic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Kathryn A Wyman-Chick
- Center for Memory and Aging, Department of Neurology, HealthPartners, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Tanis J Ferman
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ece Bayram
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Samantha K Holden
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Parichita Choudhury
- Cleo Roberts Center, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Melissa J Armstrong
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; Norman Fixel Institute for Neurologic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Wyman‐Chick KA, Bayram E, Chiu SY, Patel B, Armstrong MJ, O'Keefe LR, Cunningham LC, Barrett MJ. Sex Differences in the Clinical Presentation of Prodromal Dementia with Lewy Bodies. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.063929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Wyman‐Chick
- HealthPartners Center for Memory & Aging St. Paul MN USA
- HealthPartners Institute Bloomington MN USA
| | - Ece Bayram
- University of California San Diego Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurosciences La Jolla CA USA
- University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
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Ho KY, Lam KKW, Xia W, Chiu SY, Chan GCF. Sleep disruption and its contributing factors in Chinese survivors of childhood cancer: A cross-sectional study. Psychooncology 2022; 31:960-969. [PMID: 35072308 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study provided information about sleep disruption, particularly its prevalence and severity among Hong Kong Chinese childhood cancer survivors. Additionally, we identified the factors influencing sleep disruption and explored how fatigue, depressive symptoms and physical activity (PA) affect sleep disruption. METHODS 402 survivors 6-18 years old and 50 age- and gender-matched healthy counterparts were assessed for depressive symptoms, fatigue, PA and subjective sleep quality. Demographic and clinical information were collected. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify any factors contributing to poor sleep. RESULTS Mean scores of depressive symptoms, fatigue for children and that for adolescents, and PA in survivors were 16.1 (SD=11.1), 24.6 (SD=10.3), 27.7 (SD=7.8) and 3.08 (SD=2.9), respectively. 44.8% of the survivors were poor sleepers, which was more that in healthy counterparts. The three most common sleep problem were prolonged sleep latency (31.9%), daytime dysfunction (23.4%) and sleep disturbance (22.9%). The time since last treatment (children: AOR=0.54, 95%CI=0.30-0.96, p=.04; adolescents: AOR=0.80, 95%CI=0.70-0.92, p<.01) and PA levels (children: AOR=0.46, 95%CI=0.260-0.82, p=.01; adolescents: AOR=0.70, 95%CI=0.49-0.98, p=.04) were negatively associated with sleep disruption, while depressive symptoms (children: AOR=1.31, 95%CI=1.04-1.64, p=.02; adolescents: AOR=1.07, 95%CI=1.01-1.13, p=.03), fatigue (children: AOR=1.15, 95% CI=1.00-1.31, p=.04; adolescents: AOR=1.08, 95%CI=1.02-1.15, p=.01), number of treatment received (children:AOR=16.56, 95% CI=1.27-216.82, p=.03; adolescents: AOR=7.30, 95%CI=2.36-22.56, p<.01) and co-sleeping (children: AOR=29.19, 95%CI=1.65-511.57, p=.02; adolescents: AOR=4.63, 95%CI=1.22-17.61, p=.02) were positively associated with sleep disruption. CONCLUSION PA made the largest contribution to reduce sleep disruption. It is crucial to advocate for the adoption and maintenance of PA in survivorship. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Ho
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HKSAR
| | | | - W Xia
- School of Nursing, Sun Yan-sen University of Medical Sciences, China
| | - S Y Chiu
- Hong Kong Children's Hospital, HKSAR
| | - Godfrey C F Chan
- Hong Kong Children's Hospital, HKSAR.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, the University of Hong Kong
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Frey J, Burns MR, Chiu SY, Wagle Shukla A, El Kouzi A, Jackson J, Arn PH, Malaty IA. TANGO2 Mutation: A Genetic Cause of Multifocal Combined Dystonia. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2022; 9:380-382. [PMID: 35402644 PMCID: PMC8974879 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Frey
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Matthew R. Burns
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Shannon Y. Chiu
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | | | - Ahmad El Kouzi
- Department of NeurologySouthern Illinois UniversitySpringfieldIllinoisUSA
| | - Jessica Jackson
- Department of Clinical GenomicsMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Pamela H. Arn
- Department of PediatricsNemours Children's Specialty CareJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Irene A. Malaty
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
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Abstract
Lewy body dementia (LBD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative dementias. Clinical trials for symptomatic and disease-modifying therapies in LBD remain a national research priority, but there are many challenges in both past and active drug developments in LBD. This review highlights the controversies in picking the appropriate populations, interventions, target selections, and outcome measures, which are all critical components of clinical trial implementation in LBD. The heterogeneity of LBD neuropathology and clinical presentations, limited understanding of core features such as cognitive fluctuations, and lack of validated LBD-specific outcome measures and biomarkers represent some of the major challenges in LBD trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Y Chiu
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, PO Box 100268, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Dawn Bowers
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Melissa J Armstrong
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, PO Box 100268, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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Lam KKW, Ho KY, Xia W, Chung JOK, Cheung AT, Ho LLK, Chiu SY, Chan GCF, Li WHC. Understanding the lived experience of sleep disruption among childhood cancer survivors: a phenomenological study. Sleep Med 2021; 88:204-212. [PMID: 34788709 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - K Y Ho
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HKSAR, China.
| | - W Xia
- School of Nursing, Sun Yan-sen University of Medical Sciences, China
| | - J O K Chung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HKSAR, China
| | - Ankie T Cheung
- School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Laurie L K Ho
- School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - S Y Chiu
- Hong Kong Children's Hospital, HKSAR, China
| | | | - William H C Li
- School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
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Mitchell T, Lehéricy S, Chiu SY, Strafella AP, Stoessl AJ, Vaillancourt DE. Emerging Neuroimaging Biomarkers Across Disease Stage in Parkinson Disease: A Review. JAMA Neurol 2021; 78:1262-1272. [PMID: 34459865 PMCID: PMC9017381 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.1312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Importance Imaging biomarkers in Parkinson disease (PD) are increasingly important for monitoring progression in clinical trials and also have the potential to improve clinical care and management. This Review addresses a critical need to make clear the temporal relevance for diagnostic and progression imaging biomarkers to be used by clinicians and researchers over the clinical course of PD. Magnetic resonance imaging (diffusion imaging, neuromelanin-sensitive imaging, iron-sensitive imaging, T1-weighted imaging), positron emission tomography/single-photon emission computed tomography dopaminergic, serotonergic, and cholinergic imaging as well as metabolic and cerebral blood flow network neuroimaging biomarkers in the preclinical, prodromal, early, and moderate to late stages are characterized. Observations If a clinical trial is being carried out in the preclinical and prodromal stages, potentially useful disease-state biomarkers include dopaminergic imaging of the striatum; metabolic imaging; free-water, neuromelanin-sensitive, and iron-sensitive imaging in the substantia nigra; and T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging. Disease-state biomarkers that can distinguish atypical parkinsonisms are metabolic imaging, free-water imaging, and T1-weighted imaging; dopaminergic imaging and other molecular imaging track progression in prodromal patients, whereas other established progression biomarkers need to be evaluated in prodromal cohorts. Progression in early-stage PD can be monitored using dopaminergic imaging in the striatum, metabolic imaging, and free-water and neuromelanin-sensitive imaging in the posterior substantia nigra. Progression in patients with moderate to late-stage PD can be monitored using free-water imaging in the anterior substantia nigra, R2* of substantia nigra, and metabolic imaging. Cortical thickness and gyrification might also be useful markers or predictors of progression. Dopaminergic imaging and free-water imaging detect progression over 1 year, whereas other modalities detect progression over 18 months or longer. The reliability of progression biomarkers varies with disease stage, whereas disease-state biomarkers are relatively consistent in individuals with preclinical, prodromal, early, and moderate to late-stage PD. Conclusions and Relevance Imaging biomarkers for various stages of PD are readily available to be used as outcome measures in clinical trials and are potentially useful in multimodal combination with routine clinical assessment. This Review provides a critically important template for considering disease stage when implementing diagnostic and progression biomarkers in both clinical trials and clinical care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trina Mitchell
- Laboratory for Rehabilitation Neuroscience, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Stéphane Lehéricy
- Paris Brain Institute, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche, INSERM 1127, CNRS 7225, Sorbonne Université, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Shannon Y Chiu
- Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Antonio P Strafella
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour-Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Jon Stoessl
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre and Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, Division of Neurology and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David E Vaillancourt
- Laboratory for Rehabilitation Neuroscience, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville
- Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville
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Ho KY, Lam KKW, Xia W, Chung JOK, Cheung AT, Ho LLK, Chiu SY, Chan GCF, Li WHC. Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) among Hong Kong Chinese childhood cancer survivors. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2021; 19:176. [PMID: 34229705 PMCID: PMC8261921 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-021-01803-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep disruption is a prevalent symptom reported by survivors of childhood cancer. However, there is no validated instrument for assessing this symptom in this population group. To bridge the literature gap, this study translated and adapted the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for Hong Kong Chinese cancer survivors and examined its psychometric properties and factor structure. Methods A convenience sample of 402 Hong Kong Chinese childhood cancer survivors aged 6–18 years were asked to complete the Chinese version of the PSQI, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC), Fatigue Scale-Child (FS-C)/Fatigue Scale-Adolescent (FS-A), and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). To assess known-group validity, 50 pediatric cancer patients and 50 healthy counterparts were recruited. A sample of 40 children were invited to respond by phone to the PSQI 2 weeks later to assess test–retest reliability. A cutoff score for the translated PSQI used with the survivors was determined using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Results The Chinese version of the PSQI had a Cronbach alpha of 0.71, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.90. Childhood cancer survivors showed significantly lower mean PSQI scores than children with cancer, and significantly higher mean scores than healthy counterparts. This reflected that childhood cancer survivors had a better sleep quality than children with cancer, but a poorer sleep quality than healthy counterparts. We observed positive correlations between PSQI and CES-DC scores and between PSQI and FS-A/FS-C scores, but a negative correlation between PSQI and PedsQL scores. The results supported that the Chinese version of the PSQI showed convergent validity. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the translated PSQI data best fit a three-factor model. The best cutoff score to detect insomnia was 5, with a sensitivity of 0.81 and specificity of 0.70. Conclusion The Chinese version of the PSQI is a reliable and valid instrument to assess subjective sleep quality among Hong Kong Chinese childhood cancer survivors. The validated PSQI could be used in clinical settings to provide early assessments for sleep disruption. Appropriate interventions can therefore be provided to minimize its associated long-term healthcare cost. Trial registration This study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov with the reference number NCT03858218.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Ho
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, SAR.
| | - Katherine K W Lam
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, SAR.
| | - W Xia
- School of Nursing, Sun Yan-Sen University of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - J O K Chung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, SAR
| | - Ankie T Cheung
- School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, SAR
| | - Laurie L K Ho
- School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, SAR
| | - S Y Chiu
- Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Kowloon Bay, Hong Kong, SAR
| | | | - William H C Li
- School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, SAR
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Chung JOK, Li WHC, Chan GCF, Chiu SY, Ho KY. Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the Fatigue Scale for Children: abridged secondary publication. Hong Kong Med J 2020; 26 Suppl 6:17-19. [PMID: 33229597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J O K Chung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University
| | - W H C Li
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong
| | - G C F Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital
| | - S Y Chiu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital
| | - K Y Ho
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University
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Burns MR, Chiu SY, Patel B, Mitropanopoulos SG, Wong JK, Ramirez-Zamora A. Advances and Future Directions of Neuromodulation in Neurologic Disorders. Neurol Clin 2020; 39:71-85. [PMID: 33223090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
"Deep brain stimulation is a safe and effective therapy for the management of a variety of neurologic conditions with Food and Drug Administration or humanitarian exception approval for Parkinson disease, dystonia, tremor, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Advances in neurophysiology, neuroimaging, and technology have driven increasing interest in the potential benefits of neurostimulation in other neuropsychiatric conditions including dementia, depression, pain, Tourette syndrome, and epilepsy, among others. New anatomic or combined targets are being investigated in these conditions to improve symptoms refractory to medications or standard stimulation."
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Burns
- The Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, The University of Florida, 3009 Williston Road, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Shannon Y Chiu
- The Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, The University of Florida, 3009 Williston Road, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Bhavana Patel
- The Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, The University of Florida, 3009 Williston Road, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Sotiris G Mitropanopoulos
- The Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, The University of Florida, 3009 Williston Road, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Joshua K Wong
- The Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, The University of Florida, 3009 Williston Road, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora
- The Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, The University of Florida, 3009 Williston Road, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
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Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is an effective treatment for many neurologic disorders. This article gives a comprehensive overview of the clinical applications of BoNT across the field of neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Y Chiu
- Department of Neurology, Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, 3009 SW Williston Road, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Matthew R Burns
- Department of Neurology, Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, 3009 SW Williston Road, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Irene A Malaty
- Department of Neurology, Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, 3009 SW Williston Road, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
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Chiu SY, Tsuboi T, Hegland KW, Herndon NE, Shukla AW, Patterson A, Almeida L, Foote KD, Okun MS, Ramirez-Zamora A. Dysarthria and Speech Intelligibility Following Parkinson’s Disease Globus Pallidus Internus Deep Brain Stimulation. JPD 2020; 10:1493-1502. [DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Although earlier studies reported variable speech changes following subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients, the effects of globus pallidus internus (GPi) DBS on speech performance in PD remain largely unknown. Objective: We aimed to characterize speech changes following PD GPi-DBS. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical and speech outcomes of 25 PD patients treated with bilateral GPi-DBS at a single center. Outcome measures included the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), speech subsystem domains (respiratory, laryngeal, resonance, orofacial, rate, prosody, rhythm, and naturalness), and overall speech intelligibility. Scores at baseline were compared with those at 6 months, 1 year, and the longest clinical follow-up available. Results: In the off-medication state, activities of daily living and motor function based on UPDRS II and III significantly improved postoperatively. We observed unique patterns of speech changes in patients with PD following GPi-DBS in the short- (n = 25) and longer-term (n = 8) follow-up periods. Velopharyngeal (resonance), laryngeal components, and prosody worsened after bilateral GPi-DBS (p < 0.015). Speech intelligibility did not worsen after GPi-DBS in the short-term, but there was a trend to deteriorate at long-term follow-up (e.g., one year and beyond). We observed worsening of hypokinetic dysarthria in individual patients. Also, a minority of patients developed stuttering, spastic dysarthria, or ataxic dysarthria. Conclusion: Bilateral GPi-DBS worsened several modalities of parkinsonian speech without compromising overall speech intelligibility. GPi-DBS can potentially worsen or induce hypokinetic dysarthria, stuttering, spastic dysarthria, or ataxic dysarthria. GPi-DBS may have different and variable effects on speech function when compared to STN-DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Y. Chiu
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Takashi Tsuboi
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Karen W. Hegland
- UF Health Rehab Center at the Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nicole E. Herndon
- UF Health Rehab Center at the Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Aparna Wagle Shukla
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Addie Patterson
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Leonardo Almeida
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kelly D. Foote
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael S. Okun
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Chiu SY, Nozile-Firth K, Klassen BT, Adams A, Lee K, Van Gompel JJ, Hassan A. Ataxia and tolerance after thalamic deep brain stimulation for essential tremor. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 80:47-53. [PMID: 32950784 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) thalamus is highly effective to treat medication-refractory essential tremor (ET). Complications of stimulation-induced ataxia and tolerance have been reported in limited series, ranging from 5 to 40%. OBJECTIVE We analyzed a large single-center cohort of ET patients treated with thalamic DBS to assess rates of ataxia and tolerance. METHODS Retrospective study of all ET patients that underwent VIM DBS at Mayo Clinic from 2010 to 2014. Demographic, clinical and DBS data were extracted. Risk factors, complications and time to onset of tolerance and ataxia were examined. RESULTS One hundred and thirteen ET patients (51% male) of mean age 68 ± 10 years and mean ET duration 27 ± 18 years underwent DBS during the study period. Of these, 98 (87%) had follow-up of ≥6 months (mean 4.0 ± 1.5 years) and were included for analysis. Complications of isolated ataxia (26%), isolated tolerance (4%), both tolerance and ataxia (9%), or neither (61%) were identified. Development of ataxia was about 3 times more common than tolerance (35% vs. 13%). The mean time to ataxia was 5.5 ± 0.3 years postoperatively. Risk factors for ataxia were baseline ataxic features, older age, and shorter ET disease duration. Small sample size limited calculation of risk factors and onset time for tolerance. CONCLUSIONS Stimulation-related ataxia occurred in one-third of ET patients, while tolerance was less common. Presence of baseline ataxia, age, and disease duration may aid counseling of stimulation-related ataxia risk. Larger studies are warranted to confirm these findings and further assess risk factors for tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Y Chiu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | | | | | - Andrea Adams
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kendall Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Anhar Hassan
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Lam KKW, Li WHC, Chung JOK, Ho KY, Xia W, Cheung AT, Chiu SY, Lam HS, Chan GCF. Promoting physical activity among children with cancer through an integrated experiential training programme with coaching: A qualitative study. Patient Educ Couns 2020; 103:1230-1236. [PMID: 32044191 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aim was to investigate how the integrated experiential training programme with coaching could motivate children undergoing cancer treatment to adopt and maintain physical activity. METHODS A descriptive phenomenological approach was used. A purposive sample of 23 children and their parents participated in one-to-one 25-30-minute semistructured interviews. Interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed. Colaizzi's method of descriptive phenomenological data analysis was used. RESULTS The integrated programme motivated children with cancer by increasing children's and parents' knowledge of physical activity, enhancing confidence in physical activity and improving physical and psychological well-being. Moreover, the programme provided children with encouragement and psychological support through coach companionship. The programme also facilitated children's participation in physical activity and modified perceptions of physical activity. CONCLUSION This study addressed a gap in the literature by exploring how an integrated programme promoted and maintained physical activity in childhood cancer patients. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The integrated experiential training programme is feasible and can be easily sustained. Future studies could extend the programme beyond aspects of physical activity to help people change their health practices and maintain a healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine K W Lam
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - William H C Li
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Joyce O K Chung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - K Y Ho
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - W Xia
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ankie T Cheung
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - S Y Chiu
- Department of Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
| | - H S Lam
- Hong Kong Council for Accreditation of Academic and Vocational Qualifications, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Godfrey C F Chan
- Department of Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
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Chiu SY, Patel B, Burns MR, Legacy J, Wagle Shukla A, Ramirez-Zamora A, Deeb W, Malaty IA. High-dose Botulinum Toxin Therapy: Safety, Benefit, and Endurance of Efficacy. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 2020; 10:tre-10-749. [PMID: 32149014 PMCID: PMC7052428 DOI: 10.7916/tohm.v0.749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Botulinum neurotoxin therapy (BoNT) is a powerful tool for treating many neurologic disorders. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved maximum onabotulinum toxin A (OnaA) dose is 400 units (U) per visit, but higher doses are commonly necessary, particularly when treating multiple body regions. METHODS We collected demographics, OnaA dose, body regions injected and indications, patient-reported efficacy via 7-point Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGIS), and duration of benefit. RESULTS Sixty-eight patients were identified receiving OnaA >400 U/session. Dystonia (n = 44) and spasticity (n = 24) were the most common indications for high-dose OnaA. Mean duration of benefit was 9 weeks (standard deviation [SD] 3). More than 70% of patients self-reported "very much improved" or "much improved" at 6 month, 1 year, and last visit. No serious adverse effects were reported. DISCUSSION The majority of patients tolerated >400 U OnaA with continued benefit. OnaA doses >400 U may be safe and effective in appropriate patients.
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Ho L, Li W, Cheung AT, Ho E, Lam K, Chiu SY, Chan G, Chung J. Relationships among hope, psychological well-being and health-related quality of life in childhood cancer survivors. J Health Psychol 2019; 26:1528-1537. [PMID: 31621412 DOI: 10.1177/1359105319882742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study examined the level of hope among Hong Kong childhood cancer survivors and investigated the relationships among hope, depressive symptoms, self-esteem and health-related quality of life. We recruited 176 survivors aged 10-16 years who underwent medical follow-ups at the outpatient clinic. This study revealed that lower levels of hope were associated with an increase in depressive symptoms and reductions in self-esteem and health-related quality of life. Our results contribute to novel findings by demonstrating that hope may be a significant factor associated with health-related quality of life. This understanding could increase healthcare professionals' awareness about the psychological needs of childhood cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Llk Ho
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Whc Li
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Eky Ho
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kkw Lam
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - S Y Chiu
- Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Gcf Chan
- Queen Mary Hospital, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong
| | - Jok Chung
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Sorenson TJ, Lanzino G, Flemming KD, Nasr DM, Chiu SY, Pollock BE, Brinjikji W. Clinical outcome of brainstem arteriovenous malformations after incomplete nidus obliteration. J Clin Neurosci 2019; 65:66-70. [PMID: 30885595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Brainstem arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) present a formidable therapeutic challenge, and a variety of surgical and non-surgical treatment strategies can be used to obliterate the AVM nidus, eliminating its risk of hemorrhage. However, complete obliteration of brainstem AVMs is often not possible. We aimed to investigate the natural history of brainstem AVMs with incomplete nidus obliteration after initial treatment. METHODS Data from consecutive patients who presented to our institution during the study period with a brainstem AVM and residual nidus after treatment were retrospectively reviewed. We evaluated patients for the incidence of AVM rupture and calculated the risk of rupture after treatment resulted in incomplete nidus obliteration. RESULTS A total of 14 patients were included, five of whom suffered rupture after incomplete nidus obliteration (36%). Annual risk of rupture was 4.9% (95% CI: 1.60-11.5) per patient over a median follow-up of 72 months. The most common treatment modality of these patients was SRS-alone (n = 6), and two (33%) patients who underwent this treatment later ruptured after 103 and 130 months. Of the five patients who ruptured after treatment, 80% had already ruptured once, and 80% had an intranidal and/or feeding artery aneurysm. CONCLUSIONS Brainstem AVMs with incomplete nidus obliteration are at high risk of future rupture. Patients with brainstem AVMs who have a residual nidus after treatment should be counselled about the risk of AVM rupture and be recommended to undergo close follow-up imaging studies to monitor the nidus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Sorenson
- School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Giuseppe Lanzino
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Deena M Nasr
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shannon Y Chiu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bruce E Pollock
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Waleed Brinjikji
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Li WHC, Chan GCF, Lam MHS, Chung JOK, Chiu SY, Fong DYT. Integrated adventure-based training and health education programme in promoting regular physical activity among childhood cancer survivors. Hong Kong Med J 2019; 25 Suppl 2:40-43. [PMID: 30674707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W H C Li
- School of Nursing, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - G C F Chan
- Department of Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - M H S Lam
- School for Higher and Professional Education, Vocational Training Council, Hong Kong
| | - J O K Chung
- School of Nursing, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - S Y Chiu
- Department of Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - D Y T Fong
- School of Nursing, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
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Chang WC, Lee HC, Chan SI, Chiu SY, Lee HM, Chan KW, Wong MC, Chan KL, Yeung WS, Choy LW, Chong SY, Siu MW, Lo TL, Yan WC, Ng MK, Poon LT, Pang PF, Lam WC, Wong YC, Chung WS, Mo YM, Lui SY, Hui LM, Chen EYH. Negative symptom dimensions differentially impact on functioning in individuals at-risk for psychosis. Schizophr Res 2018; 202:310-315. [PMID: 29935882 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W C Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - H C Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - S I Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - S Y Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - H M Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - K W Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - M C Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - K L Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - W S Yeung
- Department of Psychiatry, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - L W Choy
- Department of Psychiatry, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - S Y Chong
- Department of Psychiatry, Kwai Chung Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - M W Siu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kwai Chung Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - T L Lo
- Department of Psychiatry, Kwai Chung Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - W C Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, Kowloon Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - M K Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, Kowloon Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - L T Poon
- Department of Psychiatry, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - P F Pang
- Department of Psychiatry, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - W C Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Y C Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, Tai Po Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - W S Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Tai Po Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Y M Mo
- Department of Psychiatry, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - S Y Lui
- Department of Psychiatry, Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - L M Hui
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - E Y H Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Lam KKW, Li WHC, Chung OK, Ho KY, Chiu SY, Lam HS, Chan GCF. An integrated experiential training programme with coaching to promote physical activity, and reduce fatigue among children with cancer: A randomised controlled trial. Patient Educ Couns 2018; 101:1947-1956. [PMID: 30007765 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the effectiveness of an integrated programme in promoting physical activity, reducing fatigue, enhancing physical activity self-efficacy, muscle strength and quality of life among Chinese children with cancer. METHODS A randomised controlled trial was conducted in a Hong Kong public hospital. Seventy eligible children were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 37) or a control group (n = 33). The experimental group received an integrated programme with 28 home visits from coaches over a 6-month period. The control group received a placebo intervention. The primary outcome was fatigue at 9 months (3 months after intervention completion). Secondary outcomes were physical activity levels, physical activity self-efficacy, muscle strength and quality of life at 9 months, assessed at baseline, and 6 and 9 months after starting the intervention. RESULTS The experimental group reported significantly lower levels of cancer-related fatigue, higher levels of physical activity and physical activity self-efficacy, greater right- and left-hand grip strength and better quality of life than the control group at 9 months. CONCLUSION The programme is effective and feasible to implement among children with cancer and offers an alternative means of ameliorating the healthcare burden. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Healthcare professionals should build multidisciplinary partnerships to sustain such programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine K W Lam
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - William H C Li
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - O K Chung
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - K Y Ho
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - S Y Chiu
- Department of Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
| | - H S Lam
- Hong Kong Council for Accreditation of Academic and Vocational Qualifications, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Godfrey C F Chan
- Department of Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
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Yee PK, Poon KC, Chiu SY. Simultaneous bilateral patellar tendon avulsion in an adolescent. Hong Kong Med J 2012; 18:530-532. [PMID: 23223656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A 13-year-old boy sustained an injury to both knees upon landing after a forceful jump in a soccer game. Plain radiography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated bilateral distal patellar tendon avulsions without fracture of the tibial tuberosities and the physes. To our knowledge, this particular injury has not been previously described in the literature. Open surgeries and internal fixation were performed with excellent functional outcome. This type of injury was similar to the well-recognised acute tibial tuberosity avulsion fracture in terms of the pathogenesis and treatment. We propose a further subtype of this injury pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Yee
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong.
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25
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Li HCW, Lopez V, Joyce Chung OK, Ho KY, Chiu SY. The impact of cancer on the physical, psychological and social well-being of childhood cancer survivors. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2012; 17:214-9. [PMID: 22898653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Notwithstanding the advances in medical treatment, childhood cancer survivors are at risk of adverse physical, psychological and social effects of the cancer treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of cancer and its treatments on the physical, psychological and social well-being of Hong Kong Chinese childhood cancer survivors. METHOD A total of 137 childhood cancer survivors (aged 9-16 years), who had their medical follow-up in an oncology out-patient clinic were invited to participate in the study. Participants were asked to respond to the standardized measures of depressive symptoms and self-esteem. Additionally, 15 participants from the group were selected for a semi-structured interview. RESULTS The results revealed that more than half of the participants presented depressive symptoms. Results also found that the mean depressive symptom scores for childhood cancer survivors were statistically significant higher than those of school children without cancer (p = 0.01), while the mean self-esteem scores for the survivors were statistically significant lower (p < 0.01). Additionally, qualitative interviews indicated that cancer and its treatments have great impact on the daily life of childhood cancer survivors. CONCLUSION The study reveals that cancer and its treatments have a great impact on the physical, psychological and social well-being of survivors. It is essential for healthcare professionals to develop appropriate interventions with the aim of promoting physical, psychological and social well-being for these children. Most importantly, it is crucial to help them develop a positive view of the impact that the cancer experience has upon their lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C William Li
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, 4/F, William MW Mong Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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26
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Tseng HF, Tan HF, Chiu SY. 138: Evaluation of Varicella Vaccination Program in Taiwan. Am J Epidemiol 2005. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/161.supplement_1.s35a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H F Tseng
- Fooyin University, Taiwan, Kaohsiung 831
| | - H F Tan
- Fooyin University, Taiwan, Kaohsiung 831
| | - S Y Chiu
- Fooyin University, Taiwan, Kaohsiung 831
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical course of the development of an epidural abscess with a rare localization. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Epidural abscess usually presents with severe back pain and neurologic deterioration. Spinal fracture may lead to the development of epidural abscess. To the author's knowledge, this is the first reported case of epidural abscess following sacral fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS The patient was observed closely in the hospital after a sacral fracture with bilateral S2, S3 dermotome numbness. Fever, bacteremia, and urinary tract infection developed. Fever responded partially with antibiotics. RESULTS Sacral laminectomy for decompression was performed. Unexpectedly, sacral epidural abscess was found during the operation. Sacral roots were decompressed. Epidural abscess was drained. CONCLUSION A rare case of sacral epidural abscess following sacral fracture was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Chiu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong.
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28
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Abstract
A mathematical model is developed for simulation of action potential propagation through a single branch point of a myelinated nerve fiber with a parent branch bifurcating into two identical daughter branches. This model is based on a previously published multi-layer compartmental model for single unbranched myelinated nerve fibers. Essential modifications were made to couple both daughter branches to the parent branch. There are two major features in this model. First, the model could incorporate detailed geometrical parameters for the myelin sheath and the axon, accomplished by dividing both structures into many segments. Second, each segment has two layers, the myelin sheath and the axonal membrane, allowing voltages of intra-axonal space and periaxonal space to be calculated separately. In this model, K ion concentration in the periaxonal space is dynamically linked to the activity of axonal fast K channels underneath the myelin in the paranodal region. Our model demonstrates that the branch point acts like a low-pass filter, blocking high-frequency transmission from the parent to the daughter branches. Theoretical analysis showed that the cutoff frequency for transmission through the branch point is determined by temperature, local K ion accumulation, width of the periaxonal space, and internodal lengths at the vicinity of the branch point. Our result is consistent with empirical findings of irregular spacing of nodes of Ranvier at axon abors, suggesting that branch points of myelinated axons play important roles in signal integration in an axonal tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhou
- Department of Physiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Previtali SC, Quattrini A, Fasolini M, Panzeri MC, Villa A, Filbin MT, Li W, Chiu SY, Messing A, Wrabetz L, Feltri ML. Epitope-tagged P(0) glycoprotein causes Charcot-Marie-Tooth-like neuropathy in transgenic mice. J Cell Biol 2000; 151:1035-46. [PMID: 11086005 PMCID: PMC2174348 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.151.5.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In peripheral nerve myelin, the intraperiod line results from compaction of the extracellular space due to homophilic adhesion between extracellular domains (ECD) of the protein zero (P(0)) glycoprotein. Point mutations in this region of P(0) cause human hereditary demyelinating neuropathies such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth. We describe transgenic mice expressing a full-length P(0) modified in the ECD with a myc epitope tag. The presence of the myc sequence caused a dysmyelinating peripheral neuropathy similar to two distinct subtypes of Charcot-Marie-Tooth, with hypomyelination, altered intraperiod lines, and tomacula (thickened myelin). The tagged protein was incorporated into myelin and was associated with the morphological abnormalities. In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that P(0)myc retained partial adhesive function, and suggested that the transgene inhibits P(0)-mediated adhesion in a dominant-negative fashion. These mice suggest new mechanisms underlying both the pathogenesis of P(0) ECD mutants and the normal interactions of P(0) in the myelin sheath.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Previtali
- Department of Neurology and Department of Biological and Technological Research (DIBIT), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
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30
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Abstract
Although glutamate transporters and neutral amino acid transporters have 55% amino acid identity in the transmembrane domains, many residues are still unique to individual transporters, providing for structural stability or substrate binding. In this study, the mutant protein L325H, which replaced a leucine 325 of the glutamate transporter EAAT1 by a histidine, was evaluated. When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, L325H caused oocytes to weaken pigmentation in the animal pole, accompanied by patches of colorless spots. Oocytes finally oozed cytoplasm. The resting membrane potential in L325H oocytes was -18.9 +/- 2.5 mV, significantly more positive than -37.3 +/- 2.5 mV of oocytes expressing EAAT1. The holding current at -60 mV was 283.1 +/- 48.3 nA in L325H oocytes and 92.2 +/- 12.6 nA in EAAT1 oocytes. These results suggest that even though glutamate and neutral amino acid transporters have strong overall homology, the local structure in the transmembrane domains may be different.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Choi
- Developmental Biology Program, Department of Physiology, University of Wisconsin, 283 Medical Sciences Building, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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31
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Wrabetz L, Feltri ML, Quattrini A, Imperiale D, Previtali S, D'Antonio M, Martini R, Yin X, Trapp BD, Zhou L, Chiu SY, Messing A. P(0) glycoprotein overexpression causes congenital hypomyelination of peripheral nerves. J Cell Biol 2000; 148:1021-34. [PMID: 10704451 PMCID: PMC2174542 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.148.5.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/1999] [Accepted: 01/24/2000] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that normal peripheral nerve myelination depends on strict dosage of the most abundantly expressed myelin gene, myelin protein zero (Mpz). Transgenic mice containing extra copies of Mpz manifested a dose-dependent, dysmyelinating neuropathy, ranging from transient perinatal hypomyelination to arrested myelination and impaired sorting of axons by Schwann cells. Myelination was restored by breeding the transgene into the Mpz-null background, demonstrating that dysmyelination does not result from a structural alteration or Schwann cell-extrinsic effect of the transgenic P(0) glycoprotein. Mpz mRNA overexpression ranged from 30-700%, whereas an increased level of P(0) protein was detected only in nerves of low copy-number animals. Breeding experiments placed the threshold for dysmyelination between 30 and 80% Mpz overexpression. These data reveal new points in nerve development at which Schwann cells are susceptible to increased gene dosage, and suggest a novel basis for hereditary neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wrabetz
- Department of Neurology and Department of Biological and Technological Research (DIBIT), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milano, Italy.
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32
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Zhou L, Messing A, Chiu SY. Determinants of excitability at transition zones in Kv1.1-deficient myelinated nerves. J Neurosci 1999; 19:5768-81. [PMID: 10407018 PMCID: PMC6783064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examines the role of K channel segregation and fiber geometry at transition zones of mammalian nerve terminals in the peripheral nervous system. Mutant mice that are deficient in Kv1.1, a fast Shaker K channel normally localized beneath the myelin sheath, display three types of cooling-induced abnormal hyperexcitability localized to regions before the transition zones of myelinated nerves. The first type is stimulus-evoked nerve backfiring that is absent at birth, peaks at postnatal day 17 (P17), and subsides in adults. The second type is spontaneous activity that has a more delayed onset, peaks at P30, and also disappears in older mice (>P60). TEA greatly amplifies this spontaneous activity with an effective dosage of approximately 0.7 mM, and can induce its reappearance in older mutant mice (>P100). These first two types of hyperexcitability occur only in homozygous mutants that are completely devoid of Kv1.1. The third type occurs in heterozygotes and represents a synergism between a TEA-sensitive channel and Kv1.1. Heterozygotes exposed to TEA display no overt phenotype until a single stimulation is given, which is then followed by an indefinite phase of repetitive discharge. Computer modeling suggests that the excitability of the transition zone near the nerve terminal has at least two major determinants: the preterminal internodal shortening and axonal slow K channels. We suggest that variations in fiber geometry create sites of inherent instability that is normally stabilized by a synergism between myelin-concealed Kv1.1 and a slow, TEA-sensitive K channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhou
- Department of Physiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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33
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Sun BB, Chiu SY. N-type calcium channels and their regulation by GABAB receptors in axons of neonatal rat optic nerve. J Neurosci 1999; 19:5185-94. [PMID: 10377330 PMCID: PMC6782304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Axons of neonatal rat optic nerves exhibit fast calcium transients in response to brief action potential stimulation. In response to one to four closely spaced action potentials, evoked calcium transients showed a fast-rising phase followed by a decay with a time constant of approximately 2-3 sec. By selective staining of axons or glial cells with calcium dyes, it was shown that the evoked calcium transient originated from axons. The calcium transient was caused by influx because it was eliminated when bath calcium was removed. Pharmacological profile studies with calcium channel subtype-specific peptides suggested that 58% of the evoked calcium influx was accounted for by N-type calcium channels, whereas L- and P/Q-type calcium channels had little, if any, contribution. The identity of the residual calcium influx remains unclear. GABA application caused a dramatic reduction of the amplitude of the action potential and the associated calcium influx. When GABAA receptors were blocked by bicuculline, the inhibitory effect of GABA on the action potential was eliminated, whereas that on the calcium influx was not, indicating involvement of GABAB receptors. Indeed, the calcium influx was inhibited by the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen. This baclofen effect was occluded by a previous block of N-type calcium channels and was unaffected by the broad-spectrum K+ channel blocker 4-AP. We conclude that neonatal rat optic nerve axons express N-type calcium channels, which are subjected to regulation by G-protein-coupled GABAB receptors. We suggest that receptor-mediated inhibition of axonal calcium channels plays a protective role in neonatal anoxic and/or ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Sun
- Graduate Program in Biophysics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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34
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Feltri ML, D'antonio M, Quattrini A, Numerato R, Arona M, Previtali S, Chiu SY, Messing A, Wrabetz L. A novel P0 glycoprotein transgene activates expression of lacZ in myelin-forming Schwann cells. Eur J Neurosci 1999; 11:1577-86. [PMID: 10215910 DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00568.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
P0 glycoprotein, the most abundant protein in peripheral nerve, is expressed specifically in the Schwann cell lineage. Upstream of the rat P0 gene 1.1 kb of DNA can activate expression of cDNAs specifically in Schwann cells in transgenic mice. However, the expression of P0 promoter-based transgenes has been inconsistent. As much as 9 kb of 5' flanking sequence fused to lacZ never yielded detectable levels of beta-galactosidase in multiple lines of mice. We describe transgenic mice that express lacZ in peripheral nerve, using the complete mouse P0 gene, including 6 kb of 5' flanking sequence, all exons and introns, and the natural polyadenylation signal. This vector activated lacZ expression specifically in cultured Schwann cells, and myelin-forming Schwann cells in four out of six transgenic lines. Transgene expression paralleled that of the endogenous P0 gene, both during development and after Wallerian degeneration. lacZ expression was lower than endogenous P0 expression, and was not detected in neural crest or Schwann cell precursors, where low levels of P0 mRNA are present. However, when the same vector contained a small myc tag instead of the 3.2-kb lacZ insert, the resulting transgenic mRNA was expressed at levels comparable to endogenous P0 mRNA. These data suggest that intragenic or 3' flanking sequences are necessary to generate the remarkable levels of endogenous P0 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Feltri
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.
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35
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Zhang CL, Messing A, Chiu SY. Specific alteration of spontaneous GABAergic inhibition in cerebellar purkinje cells in mice lacking the potassium channel Kv1. 1. J Neurosci 1999; 19:2852-64. [PMID: 10191303 PMCID: PMC6782268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In the cerebellum, the basket cell innervation on Purkinje cells provides a major GABAergic inhibitory control of the single efferent output from the cerebellum. The Shaker-type K channel Kv1.1 is localized at the axon arborization preceding the terminal of the basket cells and is therefore a potential candidate for regulating the GABAergic inhibition. In this study, we directly assess this role of Kv1.1 by electrophysiological analysis of Kv1.1 null mutant mice. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of spontaneous IPSCs (sIPSCs) were made from Purkinje cells in thin cerebellar slices from postnatal day (P)10-15 Kv1.1-null mutants using wild-type littermates as controls. The null mutation confers a very specific change in the sIPSC: the frequency increases about twofold, without accompanying changes in the mean and variance of its amplitude distribution. The frequency and amplitude of the miniature IPSCs (mIPSCs) are unaffected. Spontaneous firing rate of the basket cells is unaltered. Evoked IPSC does not show multiple activity in the mutants. Motor skills tests show that Kv1.1 null mice display a compromised ability to maintain balance on a thin stationary rod. We conclude that the Kv1.1 null mutation results in a persistent elevation of the tonic inhibitory tone on the cerebellum Purkinje cell efferent and that this is not fully compensated for by residual Shaker-type channels. We further suggest that the increase in inhibitory tone in the mutants might underlie the behavioral deficits. At the cellular level, we propose that Kv1.1 deletion enhances excitability of the basket cells by selectively enhancing the likelihood of action potential propagation past axonal branch points.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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36
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Arroyo EJ, Xu YT, Zhou L, Messing A, Peles E, Chiu SY, Scherer SS. Myelinating Schwann cells determine the internodal localization of Kv1.1, Kv1.2, Kvbeta2, and Caspr. J Neurocytol 1999; 28:333-47. [PMID: 10739575 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007009613484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We examined the localization of Caspr and the K(+) channels Kv1.1 and Kv1.2, all of which are intrinsic membrane proteins of myelinated axons in the PNS. Caspr is localized to the paranode; Kv1. 1, Kv1.2 and their beta2 subunit are localized to the juxtaparanode. Throughout the internodal region, a strand of Caspr staining is flanked by a double strand of Kv1.1/Kv1.2/Kvbeta2 staining. This tripartite strand apposes the inner mesaxon of the myelin sheath, and forms a circumferential ring that apposes the innermost aspect of Schmidt-Lanterman incisures. The localization of Caspr and Kv1.2 are not disrupted in mice with null mutations of the myelin associated glycoprotein, connexin32, or Kv1.1 genes. At all of these locations, Caspr and Kv1.1/Kv1.2/Kvbeta2 define distinct but interrelated domains of the axonal membrane that appear to be organized by the myelin sheath.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Arroyo
- Department of Neurology, The University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Pennsylvania, USA
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37
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Abstract
Mammalian axons express a rich repertoire of various K channel subtypes whose distribution is profoundly affected by myelination. In the past two decades, functional analysis of axonal K channels has been approached primarily through pharmacology. Recently, gene knockout techniques have been used to specifically delete a particular K channel subtype from axons. This is significant since the bulk of K channels in a myelinated nerve are covered by the myelin, making functional analysis of specific K channel subtypes by traditional means difficult. This review summarizes the first mutational analysis of this sort performed on an axonal fast K channel termed Kv1.1. This K channel is concealed by the myelin loops in the paranodes of all major myelinated fiber tracts, and exhibits highly heterogeneous distribution even in certain non-myelinated CNS axons. Physiological analysis of Kv1.1 null mutants suggest novel functions for this axonal K channel subtype, including modulation of conduction failures at branch points and stabilization of transition zones in myelinated nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Chiu
- Department of Physiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, 1300 University Avenue, 285 Medical Science Building, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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38
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Zhou L, Zhang CL, Messing A, Chiu SY. Temperature-sensitive neuromuscular transmission in Kv1.1 null mice: role of potassium channels under the myelin sheath in young nerves. J Neurosci 1998; 18:7200-15. [PMID: 9736643 PMCID: PMC6793268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/1998] [Revised: 06/24/1998] [Accepted: 06/25/1998] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammalian myelinated nerves, the internodal axon that is normally concealed by the myelin sheath expresses a rich repertoire of K channel subtypes thought to be important in modulating action potential propagation. The function of myelin-covered K channels at transition zones, however, has remained unexplored. Here we show that deleting the voltage-sensitive potassium channel Kv1.1 from mice confers a marked temperature-sensitivity to neuromuscular transmission in postnatal day 14 (P14)-P21 mice. Using immunofluorescence and electrophysiology, we examined contributions of four regions of the peripheral nervous system to the mutant phenotype: the nerve trunk, the myelinated segment preceding the terminal, the presynaptic terminal membrane itself, and the muscle. We conclude that the temperature-sensitive neuromuscular transmission is accounted for solely by a deficiency in Kv1.1 normally concealed in the myelinated segments just preceding the terminal. This paper demonstrates that under certain situations of physiological stress, the functional role of myelin-covered K channels is dramatically enhanced as the transition zone at the neuromuscular junction is approached.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhou
- Department of Physiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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39
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Smart SL, Lopantsev V, Zhang CL, Robbins CA, Wang H, Chiu SY, Schwartzkroin PA, Messing A, Tempel BL. Deletion of the K(V)1.1 potassium channel causes epilepsy in mice. Neuron 1998; 20:809-19. [PMID: 9581771 DOI: 10.1016/s0896-6273(00)81018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mice lacking the voltage-gated potassium channel alpha subunit, K(V)1.1, display frequent spontaneous seizures throughout adult life. In hippocampal slices from homozygous K(V)1.1 null animals, intrinsic passive properties of CA3 pyramidal cells are normal. However, antidromic action potentials are recruited at lower thresholds in K(V)1.1 null slices. Furthermore, in a subset of slices, mossy fiber stimulation triggers synaptically mediated long-latency epileptiform burst discharges. These data indicate that loss of K(V)1.1 from its normal localization in axons and terminals of the CA3 region results in increased excitability in the CA3 recurrent axon collateral system, perhaps contributing to the limbic and tonic-clonic components of the observed epileptic phenotype. Axonal action potential conduction was altered as well in the sciatic nerve--a deficit potentially related to the pathophysiology of episodic ataxia/myokymia, a disease associated with missense mutations of the human K(V)1.1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Smart
- The V.M. Bloedel Hearing Research Center, and the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
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40
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Abstract
Na+ channel organization was studied with immunofluorescence in the peripheral nervous system of mice genetically altered to produce abnormal myelin. In two of these strains, transcription of inserted transgenes was targeted to myelinating Schwann cells through linkage to a promoter for the myelin protein P0. Adults of both of these strains had hindlimb paralysis and a tremor on lifting by the tail. In one case, Schwann cells were eliminated via expression of the diphtheria toxin A chain (DT-A). During postnatal days 3-7, Na+ channel clustering at forming nodes was dramatically reduced compared with that of normal animals. At 1-3 months of age, Na+ channel immunofluorescence was often found spread over long stretches of the axolemma, instead of being confined to nodal gaps. In the second P0-linked transgenic model, Schwann cell expression of the large T antigen tsA-1609 resulted in cell cycle dysfunction. Adult axons had regions of diffuse Na+ channel labeling. Focal clusters were rare within these zones, which were characterized by a series of cells of myelinating phenotype tightly apposed to the axon. Previous studies suggested that Schwann cells had to reach the stage of ensheathment characterized by periaxonal myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG) expression in order to induce Na+ channel clustering. However, in MAG-deficient mice, Na+ channel labeling patterns within sciatic nerves were normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Vabnick
- Department of Biophysics, University of Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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41
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Choi I, Chiu SY. Expression of high-affinity neuronal and glial glutamate transporters in the rat optic nerve. Glia 1997; 20:184-92. [PMID: 9215727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that a dynamic axon-glial signaling occurs in the rat optic nerve, which is devoid of synapses. This interaction is postulated to be mediated by non-vesicular release of glutamate via a reversal of high-affinity glutamate transporters. Here we examined the expression of glial glutamate transporters (GLAST and GLT-1) and a neuronal transporter (EAAC1) in the rat optic nerve. RT-PCR analysis revealed the presence of mRNAs for GLT-1 and GLAST, but not EAAC1. RNase protection assays showed that of the two glial transporters, mRNA for GLAST was expressed at much higher level than was GLT-1. A similar expression pattern was found in primary astrocyte culture cells. GLAST mRNA level in the optic nerve was comparable to that in the cerebellum. Developmentally, GLAST mRNA level was highest at P2 and dropped slightly by adulthood. Nerve transection resulted in little or no change in mRNA levels for GLAST and GLT-1 assayed at 4 to 14 days post-transection, but GLAST mRNA level was decreased at 64 days. Western blot analysis revealed that the rat optic nerve showed immunoreactivity to antibodies against GLT-1, GLAST, and EAAC1. In conclusion, we suggest that glial and neuronal transporters are present in the rat optic nerve, where dynamic axon-glial interaction has been known to occur. In particular, the unusually high level of expression of GLAST in the optic nerve suggests a possible role for this glial transporter in protecting optic nerves from neurotoxicity during postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Choi
- Developmental Biology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA
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42
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Abstract
Green fluorescent protein (hGFP-S65T) was expressed in transgenic mice under the control of the astrocyte-specific glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter. Tissues from two independent transgenic lines were characterized by Northern blot analysis and by confocal microscopy. The expression pattern in these two lines was identical in all tissues examined, and similar to that found previously with a lacZ transgene driven by the same promoter. Bright fluorescence was observed in the cell bodies and processes of unfixed or fixed astrocytes, using both whole mount and brain slice preparations, from multiple areas of the central nervous system. However, in contrast to GFAP-lacZ transgenics, retinal Müller cells expressed the GFP transgene in response to degeneration of neighboring photoreceptors. These data indicate that the 2.2-kb hGFAP promoter contains sufficient regulatory elements to direct expression in Müller cells, and that GFP is a suitable reporter gene for use in living preparations of the mammalian nervous system. Such mice should prove useful for studies of dynamic changes in astrocyte morphology during development, and in response to physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhuo
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706, USA
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43
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Abstract
By site-directed mutagenesis we examined the roles of tyrosine residues (Tyr127) in the putative transmembrane domain of rat glutamate transporter (GLAST). When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, Y127F mutant protein, which was localized in plasma membranes of oocytes, completely abolished glutamate uptake currents but did not affect the intrinsic substrate-independent currents. Coexpression of wild type and mutant transporters supports that the Y127F mutation did not elicit glutamate efflux. The efflux of glutamate by wild type or Y127F mutant transporters was measured under the condition of ion perturbation where transporters run in the reverse direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Choi
- Developmental Biology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA
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44
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McCall MA, Gregg RG, Behringer RR, Brenner M, Delaney CL, Galbreath EJ, Zhang CL, Pearce RA, Chiu SY, Messing A. Targeted deletion in astrocyte intermediate filament (Gfap) alters neuronal physiology. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:6361-6. [PMID: 8692820 PMCID: PMC39027 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.13.6361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a member of the family of intermediate filament structural proteins and is found predominantly in astrocytes of the central nervous system (CNS). To assess the function of GFAP, we created GFAP-null mice using gene targeting in embryonic stem cells. The GFAP-null mice have normal development and fertility, and show no gross alterations in behavior or CNS morphology. Astrocytes are present in the CNS of the mutant mice, but contain a severely reduced number of intermediate filaments. Since astrocyte processes contact synapses and may modulate synaptic function, we examined whether the GFAP-null mice were altered in long-term potentiation in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. The GFAP-null mice displayed enhanced long-term potentiation of both population spike amplitude and excitatory post-synaptic potential slope compared to control mice. These data suggest that GFAP is important for astrocyte-neuronal interactions, and that astrocyte processes play a vital role in modulating synaptic efficacy in the CNS. These mice therefore represent a direct demonstration that a primary defect in astrocytes influences neuronal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A McCall
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706, USA
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45
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Lee CL, Huang HC, Chiu SY, Lee YS, Pan TM. Latex agglutination test for detection of tetanus antitoxins. Zhonghua Min Guo Wei Sheng Wu Ji Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 1995; 28:151-6. [PMID: 9774994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and easy method of slide agglutination test for the detection of human tetanus antitoxins was developed in this study. Testing reagents were prepared from carboxylated polystyrene latex particles with tetanus toxin by soluble carbodiimide. The test was performed on a glass slide with a drop of test sample and a drop of testing reagent. The agglutination reaction was usually completed within five minutes. Sensitivity of this test for tetanus antitoxins can be reached at 0.125 IU/ml. Therefore, the latex agglutination test can be used to determine the immune status of a patient in an emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Lee
- National Institute of Preventive Medicine, Department of Health, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Chiu SY, Scherer SS, Blonski M, Kang SS, Messing A. Axons regulate the expression of Shaker-like potassium channel genes in Schwann cells in peripheral nerve. Glia 1994; 12:1-11. [PMID: 7843783 DOI: 10.1002/glia.440120102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We examined potassium channel gene expression of two members of the Shaker subfamily, MK1 and MK2, in sciatic nerves from rats and mice. In Northern blot analysis, MK1 and MK2 probes detected single transcripts of approximately 8 kb and approximately 9.5 kb, respectively, in sciatic nerve and brain from both species. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of a cDNA library of cultured rat Schwann cells using MK1- and MK2- specific primers produced DNA fragments that were highly homologous to MK1 and MK2. To determine whether these channel genes were axonally regulated, we performed Northern blot analysis of developing, permanently transected, and crushed rat sciatic nerves. The mRNA levels for both MK1 and MK2 increased from P1 to P15 and then declined modestly. Permanent nerve transection in adult animals resulted in a dramatic and permanent reduction in the mRNA levels for both MK1 and MK2, whereas normal levels of MK1 and MK2 were restored when regeneration was allowed to occur following crush injury. In all cases, MK1 and MK2 mRNA levels paralleled that of the myelin gene P0. Elevating the cAMP in cultured Schwann cells by forskolin, which mimics axonal contact but not myelination, did not induce detectable levels of MK1 and MK2 mRNA by Northern blot analysis. Further, the level of MK1 mRNA in the vagus nerve, which contains relatively fewer myelinating Schwann cells and relatively more non-myelinating Schwann cells than the sciatic nerve, is reduced relative to the sciatic nerve. In conclusion, we have identified two Shaker-like potassium channel genes in sciatic nerves whose expressions are regulated by axons. We suggest that MK1 and MK2 mRNA are expressed in high levels only in myelinating Schwann cells and that these Shaker-like potassium channel genes have specialized roles in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Chiu
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
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Abstract
Neurotransmitter-mediated signaling is not restricted to the synaptic regions of the nervous system but also takes places along fiber tracts lacking vesicular means of releasing neuroactive substances. The first demonstration for dynamic signaling of this type came in the early 1970s from studies by Villegas and co-workers in squid axons and their satellite Schwann cells. In this invertebrate system, glutamate has been identified as the mediator of this signaling in being first released from the active axons thus setting off a series of cascades, leading to a cholinergic activation of the Schwann cell membrane. Recent evidence suggests that receptor-mediated signaling also exists between glial cells and axons in vertebrates. In the frog optic nerve, axonal activity facilitated the activity of glial ion channels. In the neonatal rat optic nerve, electrical activity of axons triggered oscillations in intracellular calcium in a subset of glial cells. These observations have been postulated to reflect receptor-mediated signaling, including a mechanism in which glutamate is released from axons via the reversal of a transporter and induces intracellular calcium spiking in glial cells via metabotropic glutamate receptors. The efficacy of "axon-to-glia" transmission may, like that in "neuron-to-neuron" transmission, be modulated by co-release of multiple neuroactive substances. One possibility is that adenosine, which is known to be released from fiber tracts, can modulate glutamate signaling in white matter by modulating the periaxonal glutamate concentration through an effect on the glial glutamate uptake system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Chiu
- Department of Neurophysiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
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Lee CL, Huang HC, Chiu SY, Lee YS, Pan TM, Horng CB. [Preliminary surveillance of tetanus antitoxin in Taiwan]. Zhonghua Min Guo Wei Sheng Wu Ji Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 1994; 27:90-3. [PMID: 9747337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C L Lee
- National Institute of Preventive Medicine, Department of Health, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Mack KJ, Kriegler S, Chang S, Chiu SY. Transcription factor expression is induced by axonal stimulation and glutamate in the glia of the developing optic nerve. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1994; 23:73-80. [PMID: 7913204 DOI: 10.1016/0169-328x(94)90213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments have demonstrated that stimulation of the developing optic nerve affects several glial cell characteristics, such as ionic fluxes and cell proliferation. This investigation asked if transcription factor expression may be another stimulation-dependent process in the glia of the developing optic nerve. In unstimulated optic nerves, an antibody to c-fos-related antigens demonstrated positive cell body staining at postnatal days (P) 2, 7, 14, and 60. This nuclear staining was most prominent at early postnatal ages, although young adult (P60) optic nerves showed occasional positive cells. To demonstrate the inducibility of transcription factor antigens, optic nerves from P7 animals received intermittent 15-20 Hz electrical stimulation for 5-15 min. Two hours after this stimulation, an increased number of immunoreactive cells for c-fos-related antigens, c-jun, and NGFI-A was demonstrated. Additionally, optic nerves were exposed for 5-30 min to a solution of 300 microM glutamate, latter maintained in a glutamate-free solution for 2 h, and then quickly frozen. Glutamate-treated nerves showed an increased expression of c-fos-related antigens compared to control nerves. No c-fos increase was seen in the absence of calcium. Expression of c-fos or NGFI-A occurred in cells that were S-100 positive, and most likely represented type 1 astrocytes. These studies indicate that developing (P7) optic nerves show a baseline expression of c-fos-related antigens, c-jun and NGFI-A. Stimulation through electrical nerve stimulation or glutamate results in an increased expression of these transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Mack
- Waisman Center on Mental Retardation, Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53717
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Abstract
1. Single channel recordings were made of voltage-sensitive sodium channels in outside-out patches excised from the cell body region of Schwann cells. The cells were freshly isolated from sciatic nerves of 10-week-old rabbits and both myelinating and non-myelinating Schwann cells were visually identified for recordings. 2. Sodium channel activities were observed in approximately 75% of patches (n = 41) obtained from cell bodies of non-myelinating Schwann cells. In contrast, sodium channels were not observed in patches (n = 78) obtained from cell bodies of myelinating Schwann cells. 3. Transection of the sciatic nerves and allowing Wallerian degeneration to occur for 5-11 days in vivo prior to recording resulted in the appearance of sodium channel activities in approximately 30% of the patches (n = 33) obtained from the cell body of the myelinating cells. 4. It is interesting that although immunocytochemical and saxitoxin binding experiments indicate the clear presence of sodium channels in the plasmalemma of myelinating Schwann cells (both at the cell body and at the paranodal region), the present study suggests that these channels are absent from the soma region of normal myelinating Schwann cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Chiu
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Neurophysiology, University Avenue, Madison 53706
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