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Mustaffa M, Hairi NN, Majid HA, Choo WY, Hairi FM, Peramalah D, Kandiben S, Ali ZM, Abdul Razak I, Ismail N, Sooryanarayana R, Ahmad NS, Bulgiba A. Prevalence of Co-Occurrence of Physical Frailty and Malnutrition and Its Associated Factors Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in a Rural District, Malaysia. Asia Pac J Public Health 2024; 36:210-218. [PMID: 38482611 DOI: 10.1177/10105395241238092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Frailty and malnutrition commonly co-occur but remains undetected and untreated in community settings. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of co-occurring frailty and malnutrition, and its associated factors among community-dwelling older adults in a rural setting in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among adults aged ≥ 60 residing in Kuala Pilah district, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Physical frailty and nutritional status were assessed using the Fried phenotype and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), respectively. Among 1855 participants, 6.4% had co-occurring frailty and at-risk/malnutrition and 11.3% had co-occurring prefrailty and at-risk/malnutrition. Older age, fair-to-poor self-rated health, long-term disease, polypharmacy, activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental ADLs' disabilities, cognitive impairment, and poor social support were associated with higher odds of co-occurring frailty and malnutrition. Therefore, beside early identification, targeted intervention is crucial to prevent or delay the progression of frailty and malnutrition in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musastika Mustaffa
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noran Naqiah Hairi
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hazreen Abdul Majid
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, AECC University College, Bournemouth, UK
- Centre for Population Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yuen Choo
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farizah Mohd Hairi
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Devi Peramalah
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shathanapriya Kandiben
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Norliana Ismail
- Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Rajini Sooryanarayana
- Family Health Development Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Nur Sakinah Ahmad
- Mental Health, Injury and Violence Prevention and Substance Abuse Sector, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Awang Bulgiba
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ramoo K, Hairi NN, Yahya A, Choo WY, Hairi FM, Ismail N, Peramalah D, Kandiben S, Ali ZM, Ahmad N, Abdul Razak I, Bulgiba A. Sarcopenia and All-Cause Mortality Risk in Community-Dwelling Rural Malaysian Older Adults. Asia Pac J Public Health 2024; 36:225-231. [PMID: 38482589 DOI: 10.1177/10105395241237811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is associated with numerous adverse health outcomes, including frailty, disability, and mortality. Since the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 guidelines, which were published in 2020, are relatively new, studies on the association between sarcopenia as defined by these guidelines and mortality are limited in the Asian region. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the all-cause mortality risk associated with sarcopenia among community-dwelling older adults in rural Malaysia. This cohort study included 2404 older adults residing in Kuala Pilah District, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia who were followed up for 83 months. The prevalence rates of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia were 5.0% and 3.60%, respectively. Older adults with sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia had a 114% (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.14) and 146% (HR: 2.46) increased mortality risk compared with those without sarcopenia (HR: 2.14). Our findings indicate that early intervention is recommended to prevent sarcopenia in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyanathan Ramoo
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noran Naqiah Hairi
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya City, Indonesia
| | - Abqariyah Yahya
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yuen Choo
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farizah Mohd Hairi
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norliana Ismail
- Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Devi Peramalah
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shathanapriya Kandiben
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - NurSakinah Ahmad
- Mental Health, Injury Prevention, Violence and Substance Abuse Sector, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Awang Bulgiba
- Academy of Sciences Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Loh DA, Naqiah Hairi N, Mohd Hairi F, Peramalah D, Kandiben S, Abd Hamid MAI, Bulgiba A, Salam M, Said MA, Rizal H, Danaee M, Choo WY. Effects of a Multicomponent Exercise and Therapeutic Lifestyle (CERgAS) Intervention on Gait Function in Lower-Income Urban-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. J Aging Phys Act 2023; 31:531-540. [PMID: 36509091 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2022-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to determine the effectiveness of a multicomponent exercise and therapeutic lifestyle (CERgAS) intervention at improving gait speed among older people in an urban poor setting in Malaysia. A total of 249 participants were divided into the intervention (n = 163) and control (n = 86) groups. The mean (SD) age of participants was 67.83 (6.37) and consisted of 88 (35.3%) males and 161 (64.7%) females. A generalized estimating equation with an intention-to-treat analysis was used to measure gait speed at four time points, baseline (T0), 6 weeks (T1), 3 months postintervention (T2), and 6 months postintervention (T3). The results showed significant changes for time between T0 and T3 (mean difference = 0.0882, p = .001), whereas no significant association were found for group (p = .650) and interaction (p = .348) effects. A 6-week intervention is inadequate to improve gait speed. Future efforts should introduce physical activity monitoring and increase exercise duration, frequency, and intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie Ann Loh
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-based Practice (CEBP), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
| | - Noran Naqiah Hairi
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-based Practice (CEBP), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
| | - Farizah Mohd Hairi
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-based Practice (CEBP), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
| | - Devi Peramalah
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-based Practice (CEBP), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
| | - Shathanapriya Kandiben
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-based Practice (CEBP), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
| | - Mohd Alif Idham Abd Hamid
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-based Practice (CEBP), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
| | - Awang Bulgiba
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-based Practice (CEBP), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
| | - Mushtahid Salam
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
| | - Mas Ayu Said
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-based Practice (CEBP), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
| | - Hussein Rizal
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
- Centre for Population Health (CePH), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
| | - Mahmoud Danaee
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
| | - Wan Yuen Choo
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-based Practice (CEBP), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
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Ramoo K, Hairi NN, Yahya A, Choo WY, Hairi FM, Peramalah D, Kandiben S, Bulgiba A, Ali ZM, Razak IA, Ismail N, Ahmad NS. Longitudinal Association between Sarcopenia and Cognitive Impairment among Older Adults in Rural Malaysia. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19084723. [PMID: 35457592 PMCID: PMC9025848 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a condition that is highly prevalent among older adults. This condition is linked to numerous adverse health outcomes, including cognitive impairment that impairs healthy ageing. While sarcopenia and cognitive impairment may share a common pathway, limited longitudinal studies exist to show the relationship between these two conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the longitudinal association between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment. This is a cohort study among older adults residing in Kuala Pilah District, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. There were 2404 respondents at the baseline and 1946 respondents at one-year follow-up. Cognitive impairment was determined using Mini-mental State Examination scores. Sarcopenia was identified using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria, gait speed was measured using a 4-meter gait test, handgrip strength was assessed using Jamar handheld dynamometer, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to determine the longitudinal association between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment, presented as relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 5.0% (95% CI 4.00–5.90), and severe sarcopenia was 3.60% (95% CI 2.84–4.31). Upon adjusting for covariates, older adults with sarcopenia have an 80 per cent increased risk of cognitive impairment compared to those without (RR 1.80; 95% CI 1.18–2.75). Similarly, severe sarcopenia was found to significantly increase the risk of cognitive impairment by 101 per cent in the adjusted model (RR 2.01; 95% CI 1.24–3.27). Our study showed that sarcopenia, severe sarcopenia, low physical activity, depressive symptoms, hearing impairment and chronic pain were associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment among community-dwelling older adults. Therefore, early intervention to prevent sarcopenia, depressive symptoms, hearing impairment, chronic pain, and higher physical activity among older adults is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Ramoo
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.R.); (A.Y.); (W.Y.C.); (F.M.H.); (D.P.); (S.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Noran N. Hairi
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.R.); (A.Y.); (W.Y.C.); (F.M.H.); (D.P.); (S.K.); (A.B.)
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya City 60115, Indonesia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-79674762
| | - A. Yahya
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.R.); (A.Y.); (W.Y.C.); (F.M.H.); (D.P.); (S.K.); (A.B.)
| | - W. Y. Choo
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.R.); (A.Y.); (W.Y.C.); (F.M.H.); (D.P.); (S.K.); (A.B.)
| | - F. Mohd Hairi
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.R.); (A.Y.); (W.Y.C.); (F.M.H.); (D.P.); (S.K.); (A.B.)
| | - D. Peramalah
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.R.); (A.Y.); (W.Y.C.); (F.M.H.); (D.P.); (S.K.); (A.B.)
| | - S. Kandiben
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.R.); (A.Y.); (W.Y.C.); (F.M.H.); (D.P.); (S.K.); (A.B.)
| | - A. Bulgiba
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.R.); (A.Y.); (W.Y.C.); (F.M.H.); (D.P.); (S.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Z. Mohd Ali
- Negeri Sembilan State Health Department (JKNNS), Seremban 70300, Malaysia; (Z.M.A.); (I.A.R.)
| | - I. Abdul Razak
- Negeri Sembilan State Health Department (JKNNS), Seremban 70300, Malaysia; (Z.M.A.); (I.A.R.)
| | - N. Ismail
- Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya 62590, Malaysia;
| | - N. S. Ahmad
- Mental Health, Injury Prevention, Violence and Substance Abuse Sector, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Putrajaya 62590, Malaysia;
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Yunus RM, Hairi NN, Yuen C, Sooryanarayana R, Hairi F, Ismail N, Kandiben S, Peng TN, Ali ZM, Ahmad SN, Razak IA, Othman S, Peramalah D, Mydin FHM, Bulgiba A. Does abuse in late life worsen sleep quality? A two-year prospective cohort study among rural older adults. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2019; 34:60-66. [PMID: 30230023 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elder abuse and neglect (EAN) is a growing public health problem, and numerous adverse health effects of abuse in late life have been documented. Little is known, however, about the impact of elder abuse on sleep quality. This study examines the longitudinal relationship between EAN and sleep quality. METHODS This was a 2-year prospective cohort study involving 1927 older adults in a rural Malaysian district, Kuala Pilah. A multi-stage cluster sampling strategy was employed. After 2 years, 1189 respondents were re-assessed. EAN was determined using the modified Conflict Tactic Scale, while sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). RESULTS The prevalence of elder abuse was 8.1% (95% CI:6.9,9.3). Longitudinal analysis using generalized estimating equations showed that elder abuse contributed to higher PSQI scores (B:0.49, 95% CI:0.17,0.58). Sub-analyses demonstrated that psychological abuse and neglect had significant longitudinal relationships with increase of PSQI scores, while other subtypes did not. CONCLUSION Abuse in late life, particularly psychological abuse and neglect, result in greater PSQI scores. Even though this may imply decline in sleep quality, our findings were not considered clinically significant as they did not exceed the clinical cut-off score of five. Nevertheless, sleep quality is an important determinant of health and a predictor of mortality among older adults; thus, understanding its relationship with abuse is useful to health care providers and policy-makers in improving health services and upgrading preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raudah M Yunus
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noran N Hairi
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - ChooWan Yuen
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rajini Sooryanarayana
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farizah Hairi
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norliana Ismail
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shathanapriya Kandiben
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tey Nai Peng
- Department of Applied Statistics, Faculty of Economics and Administration, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Sajaratulnisah Othman
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | - Devi Peramalah
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fadzilah H M Mydin
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | - Awang Bulgiba
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ahmad NS, Hairi NN, Said MA, Kamaruzzaman SB, Choo WY, Hairi F, Othman S, Ismail N, Peramalah D, Kandiben S, Mohd Ali Z, Ahmad SN, Abdul Razak I, Bulgiba A. Prevalence, transitions and factors predicting transition between frailty states among rural community-dwelling older adults in Malaysia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206445. [PMID: 30395649 PMCID: PMC6218037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to describe the prevalence and transitions of frailty among rural-community dwelling older adults in Malaysia and to analyse factors associated with different states of frailty transition. Frailty was conceptualized using modified Fried phenotype from the Cardiovascular Health Study. DESIGN This is a prospective longitudinal study with 12-months follow up among older adults in Malaysia. SETTING Kuala Pilah, a district in Negeri Sembilan, which is one of the fourteen states in Malaysia. PARTICIPANTS 2,324 community-dwelling older Malaysians aged 60 years and older. RESULTS The overall prevalence of frailty in this study was 9.4% (95% CI 7.8-11.2). The prevalence increased at least three-fold with every 10 years of age. This increase was seen higher in women compared to men. Being frail was significantly associated with older age, women, and respondents with a higher number of chronic diseases, poor cognitive function and low socioeconomic status (p<0.05). During the 12-months follow-up, our study showed that the transition towards greater frailty states were more likely (22.9%) than transition toward lesser frailty states (19.9%) while majority (57.2%) remained unchanged. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that presence of low physical activity increased the likelihood of worsening transition towards greater frailty states by three times (OR 2.9, 95% CI 2.2-3.7) and lowered the likelihood of transition towards lesser frailty states (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.4). CONCLUSION Frailty is reported among one in every eleven older adults in this study. The prevalence increased across age groups and was higher among women than men. Frailty possesses a dynamic status due to its potential reversibility. This reversibility makes it a cornerstone to delay frailty progression. Our study noted that physical activity conferred the greatest benefit as a modifiable factor in frailty prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Sakinah Ahmad
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noran Naqiah Hairi
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mas Ayu Said
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Bahyah Kamaruzzaman
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yuen Choo
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farizah Hairi
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sajaratulnisah Othman
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norliana Ismail
- Tobacco Control Unit, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Devi Peramalah
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shathanapriya Kandiben
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zainudin Mohd Ali
- Negeri Sembilan State Health Department (JKNNS), Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Nor Ahmad
- Negeri Sembilan State Health Department (JKNNS), Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Inayah Abdul Razak
- Negeri Sembilan State Health Department (JKNNS), Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Awang Bulgiba
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Rosli R, Loh DA, Choo WY, MohdHairi F, Peramalah D, Kandiben S, Lee PL, Gani N, Madzlan MF, Abd Hamid MAI, Akram Z, Chu AS, Bulgiba A, Cumming RG, Tan MP, Chin AV, Hairi NN. 26EFFECTS OF MULTICOMPONENT EXERCISE AND THERAPEUTICLIFESTYLE (CERGAS) INTERVENTION ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN LOWER INCOME ELDERLY POPULATION: A CLUSTER RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL. Age Ageing 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afx118.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Choo WY, Hairi NN, Sooryanarayana R, Yunus RM, Hairi FM, Ismail N, Kandiben S, Mohd Ali Z, Ahmad SN, Abdul Razak I, Othman S, Tan MP, Mydin FHM, Peramalah D, Brownell P, Bulgiba A. Elder mistreatment in a community dwelling population: the Malaysian Elder Mistreatment Project (MAESTRO) cohort study protocol. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e011057. [PMID: 27225651 PMCID: PMC4885447 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite being now recognised as a global health concern, there is still an inadequate amount of research into elder mistreatment, especially in low and middle-income regions. The purpose of this paper is to report on the design and methodology of a population-based cohort study on elder mistreatment among the older Malaysian population. The study aims at gathering data and evidence to estimate the prevalence and incidence of elder mistreatment, identify its individual, familial and social determinants, and quantify its health consequences. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a community-based prospective cohort study using randomly selected households from the national census. A multistage sampling method was employed to obtain a total of 2496 older adults living in the rural Kuala Pilah district. The study is divided into two phases: cross-sectional study (baseline), and a longitudinal follow-up study at the third and fifth years. Elder mistreatment was measured using instrument derived from the previous literature and modified Conflict Tactic Scales. Outcomes of elder mistreatment include mortality, physical function, mental health, quality of life and health utilisation. Logistic regression models are used to examine the relationship between risk factors and abuse estimates. Cox proportional hazard regression will be used to estimate risk of mortality associated with abuse. Associated annual rate of hospitalisation and health visit frequency, and reporting of abuse, will be estimated using Poisson regression. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the University of Malaya Medical Center (MEC Ref 902.2) and the Malaysian National Medical Research Register (NMRR-12-1444-11726). Written consent was obtained from all respondents prior to baseline assessment and subsequent follow-up. Findings will be disseminated to local stakeholders via forums with community leaders, and health and social welfare departments, and published in appropriate scientific journals and presented at conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Yuen Choo
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Julius Centre University of Malaya, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noran Naqiah Hairi
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Julius Centre University of Malaya, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rajini Sooryanarayana
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Julius Centre University of Malaya, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Raudah Mohd Yunus
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Julius Centre University of Malaya, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farizah Mohd Hairi
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Julius Centre University of Malaya, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norliana Ismail
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Julius Centre University of Malaya, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shathanapriya Kandiben
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Julius Centre University of Malaya, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Sajaratulnisah Othman
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maw Pin Tan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fadzilah Hanum Mohd Mydin
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Devi Peramalah
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Julius Centre University of Malaya, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Awang Bulgiba
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Julius Centre University of Malaya, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Loh DA, Hairi NN, Choo WY, Mohd Hairi F, Peramalah D, Kandiben S, Lee PL, Gani N, Madzlan MF, Abd Hamid MAI, Akram Z, Chu AS, Bulgiba A, Cumming RG. MultiComponent Exercise and theRApeutic lifeStyle (CERgAS) intervention to improve physical performance and maintain independent living among urban poor older people--a cluster randomised controlled trial. BMC Geriatr 2015; 15:8. [PMID: 25887235 PMCID: PMC4334409 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-015-0002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability of older people to function independently is crucial as physical disability and functional limitation have profound impacts on health. Interventions that either delay the onset of frailty or attenuate its severity potentially have cascading benefits for older people, their families and society. This study aims to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a multiComponent Exercise and theRApeutic lifeStyle (CERgAS) intervention program targeted at improving physical performance and maintaining independent living as compared to general health education among older people in an urban poor setting in Malaysia. METHODS This cluster randomised controlled trial will be a 6-week community-based intervention programme for older people aged 60 years and above from urban poor settings. A minimum of 164 eligible participants will be recruited from 8 clusters (low-cost public subsidised flats) and randomised to the intervention and control arm. This study will be underpinned by the Health Belief Model with an emphasis towards self-efficacy. The intervention will comprise multicomponent group exercise sessions, nutrition education, oral care education and on-going support and counselling. These will be complemented with a kit containing practical tips on exercise, nutrition and oral care after each session. Data will be collected over four time points; at baseline, immediately post-intervention, 3-months and 6-months follow-up. DISCUSSION Findings from this trial will potentially provide valuable evidence to improve physical function and maintain independence among older people from low-resource settings. This will inform health policies and identify locally acceptable strategies to promote healthy aging, prevent and delay functional decline among older Malaysian adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN22749696.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie Ann Loh
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Noran Naqiah Hairi
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Yuen Choo
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Farizah Mohd Hairi
- Centre for Population Health (CePH), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Devi Peramalah
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Shathanapriya Kandiben
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Pek Ling Lee
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Norlissa Gani
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamed Faris Madzlan
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Alif Idham Abd Hamid
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Zohaib Akram
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ai Sean Chu
- Fitness First Malaysia, Menara MBF, Jalan Sultan Ismail, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Awang Bulgiba
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Robert G Cumming
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia. .,Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Masilamani R, Bulgiba A, Chinna K, Darus A, Isahak M, Kandiben S, Koh D. Prevalence and associated factors of stress in the Malaysian Police Force. Prev Med 2013; 57 Suppl:S57-9. [PMID: 23352959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the prevalence of stress and the associated socio-demographic and work factors among police personnel in Metropolitan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted in two randomly selected police districts in Kuala Lumpur from 2009 to 2011. A total of 579 police officers from 11 police stations and two headquarters participated in this study. The 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress questionnaire was used. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were carried out to examine the effect of socio-demographic and work factors on stress. RESULTS The overall prevalence of stress was 38.8% (95% CI 34.2, 43.6) with 5.9% (3.9, 8.8), 14.9% (11.6, 18.8) and 18.0% (14.5, 22.2) for severe, moderate and mild stress, respectively. Inspectors were more likely to suffer from severe stress (aOR 10.68, 95% CI 3.51, 32.53) compared to junior officers. Those who complained that their salaries were not commensurate with their jobs were more likely to suffer from moderate levels of stress (aOR 2.73, 95% CI 1.43, 5.22) compared to those who were happy with their salaries. CONCLUSIONS This study strengthens findings that police job is stressful. Special attention needs to be paid to Inspector-level ranks and the remuneration structure of police officers to address this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Retneswari Masilamani
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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