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Dos Santos TJ, Chobot A, Laimon W, Waldron S, Piona C, Giani E, Dovc K, Macedoni M, Mameli C, Cardona-Hernandez R, Aschemeier-Fuchs B, McGill M, Delamater AM, Wood J, Calliari LE, Scaramuzza A, De Beaufort C, Lion S, Danne T, Donaghue KC. Twenty years of the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Science Schools programs: Assessment of their impact on the participants' personal careers and networking development. Pediatr Diabetes 2022; 23:536-544. [PMID: 35872603 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The following report describes the evaluation of the ISPAD Science School for Physicians (ISSP) and for Healthcare Professionals (ISSHP) in terms of their efficiency and success. METHODS All past attendees from 2000-2019 ISSP and 2004-2019 ISSHP programs were invited to respond to an online survey to assess perceived outcomes of the programs on career development, scientific enhancement, scientific networking, and social opportunities. RESULTS One-third of the past ISSP (129/428), and approximately 43% of the past ISSHP attendees (105/245) responded to the surveys. Most of ISSP attendees reported that the programs supported their career (82%) by helping to achieve a research position (59%), being engaged with diabetes care (68%) or research (63%) or starting a research fellowship (59%). Responders indicated that ISSP was effective in increasing interest in diabetes research (87%) and enhancing the number (66%) and quality (83%) of scientific productions, and promotion of international collaborations (86%). After the ISSP, 34% of responders received research grants. From the first round of the ISSHP survey (2004-2013), responders reported have improved knowledge (60%), gained more confidence in research (69%), undertaken a research project (63%), and achieved a higher academic degree (27%). From the second round (2014-2019), participants indicated that the program was valuable/useful in workplace (94%) through understanding (89%) and conducting (68%) research and establishing communication from other participants (64%) or from faculty (42%). After the ISSHP, 17% had received awards. CONCLUSIONS From the participants' viewpoint, both programs were effective in improving engagement with diabetes research, supporting career opportunities, increasing scientific skills, and enhancing networking and research activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Jeronimo Dos Santos
- Pediatrics Unit, Hospital Vithas Almería, Instituto Hispalense de Pediatría, Almería, Andalusía, Spain
| | - Agata Chobot
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Opole, Poland.,Department of Pediatrics, University Clinical Hospital, Opole, Poland
| | - Wafaa Laimon
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University Children's Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sheridan Waldron
- Multispecialty Outpatients Department, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.,National Children & Young People's Diabetes Network, Leeds, UK
| | - Claudia Piona
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Giani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Klemen Dovc
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University Children's Hospital, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Chiara Mameli
- Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science L. Sacco, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Bärbel Aschemeier-Fuchs
- Diabetes Centre for Children and Adolescents, Children's and Adolescent's Hospital AUF DER - BULT, Hannover, Germany
| | - Margaret McGill
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Diabetes Service, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alan M Delamater
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jamie Wood
- Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, University Hospitals Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Andrea Scaramuzza
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Paediatric Unit, ASST Cremona, Ospedale Maggiore, Cremona, Italy
| | - Carine De Beaufort
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes and Endocrinology, Clinique Pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.,Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, UZ-VUB Free University Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sylvia Lion
- ISPAD Corporate Affairs Advisor, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Danne
- Diabetes Center, Children's Hospital AUF DER BULT, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kim C Donaghue
- Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Kime NH, Waldron S, Webster E, Lange K, Zinken K, Danne T, Aschemeier B, Sumnik Z, Cinek O, Raposo JF, Vazeou A, Bratina N, Campbell F. Pediatric diabetes training for healthcare professionals in Europe: Time for change. Pediatr Diabetes 2018; 19:578-585. [PMID: 28880485 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Training for healthcare professionals (HCPs) in Europe who care for children and young people (CYP) with type 1 diabetes and their families is variable depending on the country. Building on the work of SWEET (Better control in Pediatric and Adolescent diabeteS: Working to crEate CEnTers of Reference) and using the German Certified Diabetes Educators (CDEs) curriculum, a European collaboration of pediatric diabetes experts aimed to (1) establish current core elements that should be included in a pediatric diabetes education training course and (2) create a template for a European CDE's training curriculum. METHODS A qualitative methodology incorporating a survey questionnaire, focus group discussions, individual semi-structured interviews and workshops was employed to explore participants' experiences and opinions. HCPs-pediatric consultants, diabetes nurses, dietitians and psychologists, national and local diabetes leads, academic and education leads and children, and young people with diabetes and families took part in the study. The total number of participants equaled 186. RESULTS A template for a European Certified Diabetes Educator Curriculum (EU-CDEC) was developed based on the themes that emerged from the participants' expertise and experiences. This provides a model for HCPs' pediatric diabetes training provision. CONCLUSIONS There is a severe shortage of high quality, standardized training for HCPs across the majority of European countries. Lack of trained HCPs for CYP with diabetes will result in the delivery of suboptimal care and impact on health, wellbeing and clinical and psychological outcomes. The EU-CDEC template can be used to increase access to high quality training provision for all HCPs across Europe and worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky Helen Kime
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, England
| | - Sheridan Waldron
- Children and Young People's Diabetes Centre, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, England
| | | | - Karin Lange
- Medizinische Psychologie 5430, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Zinken
- Ward KD-A, Crisis and Diagnostics, ZPP Mannheim am Zentralinstitut für seelische Gesundheit, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Danne
- Diabeteszentrum für Kinder und Jugendliche AUF DER BULT, Kinder- und Jugendkrankenhaus, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bärbel Aschemeier
- Diabeteszentrum für Kinder und Jugendliche AUF DER BULT, Kinder- und Jugendkrankenhaus, Hannover, Germany
| | - Zdenek Sumnik
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Cinek
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Andriani Vazeou
- A' Department of Pediatrics, Diabetes Center, P&A Kyriakou Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Natasa Bratina
- Department for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Childrens Hospital Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Fiona Campbell
- Children and Young People's Diabetes Centre, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, England
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Anderson BJ, Laffel LM, Domenger C, Danne T, Phillip M, Mazza C, Hanas R, Waldron S, Beck RW, Calvi-Gries F, Mathieu C. Erratum. Factors Associated With Diabetes-Specific Health-Related Quality of Life in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: The Global TEENs Study. Diabetes Care 2017;40:1002-1009. Diabetes Care 2018; 41:640. [PMID: 29321217 PMCID: PMC5829966 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-er03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Anderson BJ, Laffel LM, Domenger C, Danne T, Phillip M, Mazza C, Hanas R, Waldron S, Beck RW, Calvi-Gries F, Mathieu C. Factors Associated With Diabetes-Specific Health-Related Quality of Life in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: The Global TEENs Study. Diabetes Care 2017; 40:1002-1009. [PMID: 28546221 PMCID: PMC5864137 DOI: 10.2337/dc16-1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to characterize diabetes-specific health-related quality of life (D-HRQOL) in a global sample of youth and young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to identify the main factors associated with quality of life. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The TEENs study was an international, cross-sectional study of youth, 8-25 years of age, with T1D. Participants (N = 5,887) were seen in clinical sites in 20 countries across 5 continents enrolled for 3 predetermined age groups: 8-12, 13-18, and 19-25 years of age. To assess D-HRQOL, participants completed the PedsQL Diabetes Module 3.0 and were interviewed about family-related factors. Specifics about treatment regimen and self-management behaviors were collected from medical records. RESULTS Across all age groups, females reported significantly lower D-HRQOL than did males. The 19-25-year age group reported the lowest D-HRQOL. Multivariate linear regression analyses revealed that D-HRQOL was significantly related to HbA1c; the lower the HbA1c, the better the D-HRQOL. Three diabetes-management behaviors were significantly related to better D-HRQOL: advanced methods used to measure food intake; more frequent daily blood glucose monitoring; and more days per week that youth had ≥30 min of physical activity. CONCLUSIONS In all three age groups, the lower the HbA1c, the better the D-HRQOL, underscoring the strong association between better D-HRQOL and optimal glycemic control in a global sample of youth and young adults. Three diabetes-management behaviors were also related to optimal glycemic control, which represent potentially modifiable factors for clinical interventions to improve D-HRQOL as well as glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thomas Danne
- Auf der Bult Kinder- und Jugendkrankenhaus, Hannover, Germany
| | - Moshe Phillip
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Carmen Mazza
- Hospital de Pediatria J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ragnar Hanas
- Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden.,NU Hospital Group, Uddevalla, Sweden
| | - Sheridan Waldron
- National Children & Young People's Diabetes Network, London, U.K
| | - Roy W Beck
- Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, FL
| | | | - Chantal Mathieu
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, UZ Gasthuisberg, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Parsons S, Waldron S, Campbell F, Pinto MS, Sumnik Z, Gerasimidi-Vazeou A. The development and implementation of the SWEET Peer Review Programme for pediatric diabetes centres. Pediatr Diabetes 2016; 17 Suppl 23:16-23. [PMID: 28334497 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the background to the development, implementation, and subsequent management of a programme of peer review of Pediatric Diabetes Centres belonging to the SWEET Group The paper summarizes the overall purpose of the programme, lists the principles upon which the programme is founded, and sets out the intended outcomes of the programme Details are given of the way in which the programme is delivered and summarizes the key findings from the 16 centres reviewed to date Finally the paper highlights the feedback that has been received from those who have been reviewed and those who have acted as reviewers and discusses ways in which the programme can be further developed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Parsons
- SWEET Peer Review Programme, Independent Consultant, Kent, UK
| | - Sheridan Waldron
- SWEET Peer Review Programme, Independent Consultant, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Fiona Campbell
- Department of General Paediatrics, Leeds Children's Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Mauro S Pinto
- Scharf Mauro Pinto, Diabetes Centre, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Zdenek Sumnik
- Diabetes and Endocrine Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Prague-Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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Hay K, Ambrose R, Morton J, Horwood P, Gravel J, Waldron S, Commins M, Fowler E, Clements A, Barnes T, Mahony T. Effects of exposure to Bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1 on risk of bovine respiratory disease in Australian feedlot cattle. Prev Vet Med 2016; 126:159-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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van Ginkel S, Ruoss S, Valdivieso P, Degens H, Waldron S, de Haan A, Flück M. ACE inhibition modifies exercise-induced pro-angiogenic and mitochondrial gene transcript expression. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015; 26:1180-7. [PMID: 26407530 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle responds to endurance exercise with an improvement of biochemical pathways that support substrate supply and oxygen-dependent metabolism. This is reflected by enhanced expression of associated factors after exercise and is specifically modulated by tissue perfusion and oxygenation. We hypothesized that transcript expression of pro-angiogenic factors (VEGF, tenascin-C, Angpt1, Angpt1R) and oxygen metabolism (COX4I1, COX4I2, HIF-1α) in human muscle after an endurance stimulus depends on vasoconstriction, and would be modulated through angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition by intake of lisinopril. Fourteen non-specifically trained, male Caucasians subjects, carried out a single bout of standardized one-legged bicycle exercise. Seven of the participants consumed lisinopril in the 3 days before exercise. Biopsies were collected pre- and 3 h post-exercise from the m. vastus lateralis. COX4I1 (P = 0.03), COX4I2 (P = 0.04) mRNA and HIF-1α (P = 0.05) mRNA and protein levels (P = 0.01) showed an exercise-induced increase in the group not consuming the ACE inhibitor. Conversely, there was a specific exercise-induced increase in VEGF transcript (P = 0.04) and protein levels (P = 0.03) and a trend for increased tenascin-c transcript levels (P = 0.09) for subjects consuming lisinopril. The observations indicate that exercise-induced expression of transcripts involved in angiogenesis and mitochondrial energy metabolism are to some extent regulated via a hypoxia-related ACE-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S van Ginkel
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.,MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Ruoss
- University Hospital Balgrist, Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P Valdivieso
- University Hospital Balgrist, Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H Degens
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - S Waldron
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - A de Haan
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.,MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Flück
- University Hospital Balgrist, Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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8
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Laffel L, Domenger C, Pilorget V, Candelas C, Danne T, Phillip M, Mazza C, Anderson B, Hanas R, Waldron S, Beck R, Mathieu C. Blutzuckerkontrolle und akute Komplikationen bei Kindern, Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen mit Typ-1-Diabetes (T1D): die weltweite TEENS-Studie. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1549740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Danne T, Laffel L, Domenger C, Pilorget V, Candelas C, Phillip M, Mazza C, Anderson B, Hanas R, Waldron S, Beck R, Mathieu C, Calvi-Gries F. Krankheitsmanagement und Behandlungsmerkmale von 5960 Kindern, Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen mit Typ-1-Diabetes (T1D): die weltweite TEENS-Studie. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1549737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Phillip M, Laffel L, Domenger C, Pilorget V, Candelas C, Danne T, Mazza C, Anderson B, Hanas R, Waldron S, Beck R, Mathieu C. Krankheitsmanagement und Ergebnisse in europäischen Kindern, Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen mit Typ-1-Diabetes (T1D): die weltweite TEENS-Studie. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1549736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Cobley JN, Sakellariou GK, Owens DJ, Murray S, Waldron S, Gregson W, Fraser WD, Burniston JG, Iwanejko LA, McArdle A, Morton JP, Jackson MJ, Close GL. Lifelong training preserves some redox-regulated adaptive responses after an acute exercise stimulus in aged human skeletal muscle. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 70:23-32. [PMID: 24525000 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Several redox-regulated responses to an acute exercise bout fail in aged animal skeletal muscle, including the ability to upregulate the expression of antioxidant defense enzymes and heat shock proteins (HSPs). These findings are generally derived from studies on sedentary rodent models and thus may be related to reduced physical activity and/or intraspecies differences as opposed to aging per se. This study, therefore, aimed to determine the influence of age and training status on the expression of HSPs, antioxidant enzymes, and NO synthase isoenzymes in quiescent and exercised human skeletal muscle. Muscle biopsy samples were obtained from the vastus lateralis before and 3 days after an acute high-intensity-interval exercise bout in young trained, young untrained, old trained, and old untrained subjects. Levels of HSP72, PRX5, and eNOS were significantly higher in quiescent muscle of older compared with younger subjects, irrespective of training status. 3-NT levels were elevated in muscles of the old untrained but not the old trained state, suggesting that lifelong training may reduce age-related macromolecule damage. SOD1, CAT, and HSP27 levels were not significantly different between groups. HSP27 content was upregulated in all groups studied postexercise. HSP72 content was upregulated to a greater extent in muscle of trained compared with untrained subjects postexercise, irrespective of age. In contrast to every other group, old untrained subjects failed to upregulate CAT postexercise. Aging was associated with a failure to upregulate SOD2 and a downregulation of PRX5 in muscle postexercise, irrespective of training status. In conclusion, lifelong training is unable to fully prevent the progression toward a more stressed muscular state as evidenced by increased HSP72, PRX5, and eNOS protein levels in quiescent muscle. Moreover, lifelong training preserves some (e.g., CAT) but not all (e.g., SOD2, HSP72, PRX5) of the adaptive redox-regulated responses after an acute exercise bout. Collectively, these data support many but not all of the findings from previous animal studies and suggest parallel aging effects in humans and mice at rest and after exercise that are not modulated by training status in human skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Cobley
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - G K Sakellariou
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - D J Owens
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - S Murray
- Cardiology Department, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool L14 3PE, UK
| | - S Waldron
- Stepping Hill Hospital, Stockport SK2 7JE, UK
| | - W Gregson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - W D Fraser
- Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - J G Burniston
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - L A Iwanejko
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - A McArdle
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - J P Morton
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - M J Jackson
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - G L Close
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
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Cobley JN, Bartlett JD, Kayani A, Murray SW, Louhelainen J, Donovan T, Waldron S, Gregson W, Burniston JG, Morton JP, Close GL. PGC-1α transcriptional response and mitochondrial adaptation to acute exercise is maintained in skeletal muscle of sedentary elderly males. Biogerontology 2012. [PMID: 23187721 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-012-9408-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of ageing and training status on (1) markers of skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and (2) the ability to activate the acute signalling pathways associated with regulating exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle of young untrained (24 ± 4 years, n = 6; YU), young trained (22 ± 3 years, n = 6; YT), old untrained (65 ± 6 years, n = 6; OU) and old trained (64 ± 3 years, n = 6; OT) healthy males before and after (3 h and 3 days post-exercise) completion of high-intensity interval cycling exercise. In resting muscle, lifelong training preserved mtDNA, PGC-1α and COXIV protein content such that muscles from OT individuals were comparable to muscles from both YU and YT individuals, whereas lifelong sedentary behaviour reduced such markers of mitochondrial content. Regardless of age or training status, acute exercise induced comparable increases in p38MAPK phosphorylation immediately post-exercise, PGC-1α and COXIV mRNA expression at 3 h post-exercise and COXIV protein at 3 days post-exercise. Data demonstrate that lifelong endurance training preserves skeletal muscle PGC-1α content and that despite the mitochondrial dysfunction typically observed with sedentary ageing, muscles from sedentary elderly individuals retain the capacity to activate the acute signalling pathways associated with regulating the early processes of mitochondrial biogenesis. We consider our data to have immediate translational potential as they highlight the potential therapeutic effects of exercise to induce skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis persist late in adulthood, even after a lifetime of physical inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Cobley
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Tom Reilly Building, Byrom St Campus, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
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Waldron S, Rurik I, Madacsy L, Donnasson-Eudes S, Rosu M, Skovlund SE, Pankowska E, Allgrove J. Good practice recommendations on paediatric training programmes for health care professionals in the EU. Pediatr Diabetes 2012; 13 Suppl 16:29-38. [PMID: 22931222 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2012.00910.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Part of the SWEET Project: EU (European Union), Better Control in Paediatric and Adolescent Diabetes: Working to Create Centres of Reference, was specifically to examine the training of health care professionals (HCPs) across the EU. Several types of information were collected during 2009, and these included a literature search, workshops of the SWEET members, examination of the data collected by the Hvidøre Study Group and the Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes, and Needs (DAWN) Youth initiative, and a questionnaire distributed to SWEET members and professional colleagues who cared for children and young people (CYP) with diabetes. It was clear from the information collected that there was no European or global consensus either on a curriculum for the training of the paediatric diabetes multidisciplinary team (MDT) or individual professions in paediatric diabetes. A minority of countries had well-established training but, for the majority, there was little standardisation or accreditation. Moreover, most countries did not have available courses for training the diabetes MDT and training was not mandatory. Of the courses that were available more were accredited for doctors and nurses but fewer for the other professions. As a consequence, the majority of HCP posts in paediatric diabetes do not demand prior experience in the specialty. Standardised accredited training and continuous professional development (CPD) opportunities are severely limited. The SWEET Project supports a standardised, accredited approach to training and CPD of the MDT and for individual professions. As a consequence, a curriculum for the training of the MDT was developed, and this is now ready for implementation.
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Addison J, Friedel M, Brown C, Davies J, Waldron S. A critical review of degradation assumptions applied to Mongolia's Gobi Desert. Rangel J 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/rj11013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Several assumptions about the levels and causes of rangeland degradation in Mongolia are widely accepted by a range of stakeholders. These assumptions have become important in terms of guiding strategies and policy directions. This paper provides a critical analysis of five widely-held assumptions about rangeland degradation in Mongolia to the more specific case of the rangelands of the Gobi Desert. These assumptions are: (i) there are too many animals; (ii) the relative increase in goat numbers has led to desertification; (iii) rainfall is declining; (iv) there is declining pasture biomass; and (v) Mongolian rangelands are degraded. Biophysical and social data from the Dundgobi and Omnogobi desert steppe areas suggest not all of these assumptions are supported all of the time, and that the processes upon which these assumptions are based are often more complex or dynamic than is commonly recognised. In designing policy and programs, more attention to these dynamics and complexities is needed.
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Waldron S, Allgrove J, Swift PGF. Education and training in paediatric diabetes: the UK position. Survey on behalf of the SWEET Project 2008-11. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pdi.1597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmel Smart
- John Hunter Children's Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Samarji RS, Charalambous CP, Waldron S, Noble J. Placement of a palpable marker adjacent to the mid-inguinal point: assessment of a clinical method for detecting the femoral head centre during knee arthroplasty. Knee 2009; 16:228-30. [PMID: 19101150 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2008.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Localization of the centre of the femoral head is vital when using extra-medullary femoral alignment systems in knee arthroplasty. This study investigated the accuracy of a palpable marker placed in the groin for detecting the centre of the femoral head. A table tennis ball, 38 mm in diameter, was taped 2.5 cm perpendicular to the mid-inguinal point in patients having a plain radiograph of the pelvis. The mean horizontal distance between the centre of the table tennis ball and a vertical line passing through the centre of the femoral head was 8.62 mm (range 0-28.6, SD 6.76). In 100% of cases the horizontal distance between the centre of the table tennis ball and a vertical line passing through the centre of the femoral head was less than one diameter of the table tennis ball. Using a theoretical mechanical axis model our clinical method would confer an error equal to or less than 2 degrees from the weight-bearing axis of the knee in up to 98% of cases. In conclusion, our results suggest that the clinical method reported here provides a simple and reliable way of localizing the centre of the femoral head in knee arthroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Samarji
- University of Manchester, Department of Orthopaedics, Manchester Royal Infirmary, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Aslander-van Vliet
- Voeding & zo/, Diabeter, Center for paediatric and adolescent diabetes care and research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Saalmann YB, Kirkcaldie MTK, Waldron S, Calford MB. Cellular distribution of the GABAA receptor-modulating 3alpha-hydroxy, 5alpha-reduced pregnane steroids in the adult rat brain. J Neuroendocrinol 2007; 19:272-84. [PMID: 17355317 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2006.01527.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The 3alpha-hydroxy,5alpha-reduced pregnane steroids, allopregnanolone and allotetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone, are the most potent endogenous positive modulators of GABA(A) receptor-mediated inhibition. This study presents the first immunohistochemical examination of the cellular distribution of 3alpha-hydroxy,5alpha-reduced pregnane steroids across the brain. We found a widespread distribution in the adult rat, with dense immunolabelling in the olfactory bulb, striatum and cerebral cortex, and lower density labelling in the brainstem reticular formation. In general terms, this distribution accords with the regional concentrations of 3alpha-hydroxy,5alpha-reduced steroids determined, in other laboratories, by brain region sampling and either gas chromatography-mass fragmentography or radioimmunoassay. However, immunohistochemistry allowed for a more detailed examination of regional distribution and cellular specificity. All immunoreactivity was confined to the cell bodies and thick dendrites of neurones; no identifiable glia were labelled. In most brain areas, the location and morphology of labelled cells identified them as excitatory neurones. In addition, cell populations known to be projecting GABAergic neurones (e.g. cerebellar Purkinje cells) were immunoreactive, whereas local inhibitory neurones generally were not. The cellular distribution of 3alpha-hydroxy,5alpha-reduced steroids suggests that sensory, motor, limbic and homeostatic systems can be influenced by neurosteroids at multiple stages of processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y B Saalmann
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Australia.
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Shenoy S, Waldron S, Cody D, Swift PGF. Ethnic group differences in overweight and obese children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Arch Dis Child 2004; 89:1076-7. [PMID: 15499069 PMCID: PMC1719722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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22
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Bearhop S, Furness RW, Hilton GM, Votier SC, Waldron S. A forensic approach to understanding diet and habitat use from stable isotope analysis of (avian) claw material. Funct Ecol 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2003.00725.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
The dietary management of childhood diabetes is complex. Is it possible to educate young people to balance carbohydrate with their insulin? Can dietary knowledge be translated into lasting behaviour change? Do present teaching methods provide the skills necessary for children and parents to adjust their insulin therapy adequately? Evidence shows great variation in glycaemic control between centres and countries but the impact of dietary education methods is poorly evaluated and its links with clinical and psychosocial outcomes is virtually unknown. There is also little evidence to suggest cohesive teamworking with clear dietary targets for glycaemic control, lipids, incidence of hypoglycaemia, compliance, effect on peer and sibling relationships, and evaluation of individual dietary components, e.g. fibre, fat, antioxidants. There is wide variation in methods of dietary education, which are often based on historic practice. They include rigid counting of grams of carbohydrate, carbohydrate portion assessments, qualitative diets, low glycaemic index diets and the more recent 'intensified' carbohydrate measures with daily adjustments of insulin (the basis also of pump management). This last method has many benefits although it requires extensive nutrition education, it allows greater flexibility and variety of food intake, is sensitive to the varying daily energy expenditure of childhood and it addresses postprandial glycaemic excursions, all of which are inadequately managed by conventional therapy. However, one of the problems of overemphasizing carbohydrate measurement is that total carbohydrate intake may be suppressed, with a resulting increase in fat, this may contribute to an increase in cardiovascular risk. The ISPAD Consensus Guidelines 2000 contain dietary recommendations but scientific evidence is often lacking. Limited dietary studies show that some countries can meet guidelines more successfully than others. There are many reasons for this, such as food availability, types of food eaten, food preferences and family/cultural/religious influences. Educational methods must be adapted to local customs. Is there enough evidence to recommend a particular dietary education method? What outcomes do we hope to achieve? The workshop explored these issues in order to develop a deeper understanding of the complexity of dietary modification in childhood diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheridan Waldron
- Leicestershire Nutrition and Dietetic Service, Leicestershire and Rutland Healthcare NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND There is continuing concern over the lack of attention to the nutritional needs of older people in hospitals. A 2-year audit project was undertaken to examine the nutritional care of inpatients in Leicestershire Community Hospitals. METHOD The methods used included analysis of menu cycles; observation of meal and drink provision, wastage, supplement usage and portion sizes; and patient satisfaction questionnaire examination. RESULTS Patient menus were nutritionally inadequate for energy, fibre and vitamin D, and protein levels were variable. The percentage of meal wastage and inadequate portion sizes were of concern. Patient satisfaction results were overall positive. CONCLUSION Patient energy intakes are a major concern with low calorie provision from menus exacerbated by a deficit in recommended portion sizes and a high percentage of meal wastage. Routine audits need to be implemented to monitor both portion size and meal wastage, and to address patient satisfaction issues to improve the overall intakes of patients. Multidisciplinary team input is required to address the above issues and additional recommendations to promote nutrition as a key component in clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hamilton
- Leicestershire Nutrition & Dietetic Service, Mansion House, Groby Road, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
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Nagel OW, Waldron S, Jones HG. An off-line implementation of the stable isotope technique for measurements of alternative respiratory pathway activities. Plant Physiol 2001. [PMID: 11706206 DOI: 10.1104/pp.127.3.1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In situ measurements of alternative respiratory pathway activity are needed to provide insight into the energy efficiency of plant metabolism under various conditions in the field. The only reliable method at present to measure alternative oxidase (AOX) activity is through measurement of changes in delta(18)O(O(2)), which to date has only been used in laboratory environments. We have developed a cuvette system to measure partitioning of electrons to AOX that is suitable for off-line use and for field experiments. Plant samples are enclosed in airtight cuvettes and O(2) consumption is monitored. Gas samples from the cuvette are stored in evacuated gas containers until measurement of delta(18)O(O(2)). We have validated this method using differing plant material to assess AOX activity. Fractionation factors were calculated from delta(18)O(O(2)) measurements, which could be measured with an accuracy and precision to 0.1 per thousand and 0.3 per thousand, respectively. Potential sources of error are discussed and quantified. Our method provides results similar to those obtained with laboratory incubations on-line to a mass spectrometer but greatly increases the potential for adoption of the stable isotope method.
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Affiliation(s)
- O W Nagel
- Life Sciences Community Stable Isotope Facility, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, East Kilbride, Glasgow G75 0QF, United Kingdom.
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Horne-Badovinac S, Lin D, Waldron S, Schwarz M, Mbamalu G, Pawson T, Jan Y, Stainier DY, Abdelilah-Seyfried S. Positional cloning of heart and soul reveals multiple roles for PKC lambda in zebrafish organogenesis. Curr Biol 2001; 11:1492-502. [PMID: 11591316 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(01)00458-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Par-3/Par-6/aPKC complex is a key regulator of cell polarity in a number of systems. In Drosophila, this complex acts at the zonula adherens (adherens junctions) to establish epithelial polarity and helps to orient the mitotic spindle during asymmetric neuroblast divisions. In MDCKII cells, this complex localizes to the zonula occludens (tight junctions) and appears to regulate epithelial polarity. However, the in vivo role of this complex during vertebrate embryogenesis is not known, due to the lack of relevant mutations. RESULTS We have positionally cloned the zebrafish heart and soul (has) mutation, which affects the morphogenesis of several embryonic tissues, and show that it encodes atypical protein kinase C lambda (aPKC lambda). We find that loss of aPKC lambda affects the formation and maintenance of the zonula adherens in the polarized epithelia of the retina, neural tube, and digestive tract, leading to novel phenotypes, such as the formation of multiple lumens in the developing intestine. In addition, has mutants display defects in gut looping and endodermal organ morphogenesis that appear to be independent of the defects in epithelial polarity. Finally, we show that loss of aPKC lambda leads to defects in spindle orientation during progenitor cell divisions in the neural retina. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that aPKC lambda is required for the formation and maintenance of the zonula adherens during early epithelial development in vertebrates and demonstrate a previously undescribed yet critical role for this protein in organ morphogenesis. Furthermore, our studies identify the first genetic locus regulating the orientation of cell division in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Horne-Badovinac
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Programs in Developmental Biology, Genetics and Human Genetics, University of California-San Francisco, 94143, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Kikuchi Y, Agathon A, Alexander J, Thisse C, Waldron S, Yelon D, Thisse B, Stainier DY. casanova encodes a novel Sox-related protein necessary and sufficient for early endoderm formation in zebrafish. Genes Dev 2001; 15:1493-505. [PMID: 11410530 PMCID: PMC312713 DOI: 10.1101/gad.892301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Early endoderm formation in zebrafish requires at least three loci that function downstream of Nodal signaling but upstream of the early endodermal marker sox17: bonnie and clyde (bon), faust (fau), and casanova (cas). cas mutants show the most severe phenotype as they do not form any gut tissue and lack all sox17 expression. Activation of the Nodal signaling pathway or overexpression of Bon or Fau/Gata5 fails to restore any sox17 expression in cas mutants, demonstrating that cas plays a central role in endoderm formation. Here we show that cas encodes a novel member of the Sox family of transcription factors. Initial cas expression appears in the dorsal yolk syncytial layer (YSL) in the early blastula, and is independent of Nodal signaling. In contrast, endodermal expression of cas, which begins in the late blastula, is regulated by Nodal signaling. Cas is a potent inducer of sox17 expression in wild-type embryos as well as in bon and fau/gata5 mutants. Cas is also a potent inducer of sox17 expression in MZoep mutants, which cannot respond to Nodal signaling. In addition, ectopic expression of cas in presumptive mesodermal cells leads to their transfating into endoderm. Altogether, these data indicate that Cas is the principal transcriptional effector of Nodal signaling during zebrafish endoderm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kikuchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0448, USA
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28
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Donnelly T, Waldron S, Tait A, Dougans J, Bearhop S. Hydrogen isotope analysis of natural abundance and deuterium-enriched waters by reduction over chromium on-line to a dynamic dual inlet isotope-ratio mass spectrometer. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2001; 15:1297-1303. [PMID: 11466788 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the application of a simple chromium reduction furnace which can be interfaced with a dual inlet isotope-ratio mass spectrometer thus providing the capacity for cheap, fast, accurate and precise measurement of deltaD(V-SMOW) by dynamic mass spectrometry. Measurements are precise to the order of < or =0.5 per thousand. Mean 95% confidence intervals for the Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (V-SMOW) to Standard Light Antarctic Precipitation (SLAP) range are in the order of 2.5 per thousand and the system is linear over the range -428 to 23,000 per thousand. Memory effects do exist, but are small for natural abundance samples and can be minimised by careful planning of the analytical load.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Donnelly
- Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC), East Kilbride, Glasgow, G75 0QF, UK
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Nelson M, Lean ME, Connor H, Thomas BJ, Lord K, Hartland B, Waldron S, McGough N, Walker L, Ryan A, Start K. Survey of dietetic provision for patients with diabetes. Diabet Med 2000; 17:565-71. [PMID: 11073177 DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-5491.2000.00337.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To survey dietitians involved in diabetes care regarding the provisions for patients with diabetes. METHODS A national survey of 512 dietitians known to be engaged in provision of diabetes care was conducted in 1997 and 391 (76%) responded. RESULTS Nationally the median provision of dietetic care for diabetes reported was 10.7 h per 100,000 general population per week, but the provision was uneven ranging from 2.0 to 27.6 h per 100,000. Eighty-five per cent of dietitians worked in areas where the provision was less than 22 h per 100,000 general population per week (the current recommended minimum standard). Dietetic provision was greater in secondary care (median 9.1 h per 100,000 general population per week) than in general practice, residential homes and other locations (median 4.4 h per 100,000 general population per week). Provision was greater in those areas in which a designated dietitian had responsibility for co-ordinating the dietetic service for diabetes than in areas where the co-ordinator was not a dietitian or where there was no co-ordinator. Over 90% of dietitians reported following British Diabetic Association (BDA) recommendations regarding advice on carbohydrate, sugar, fat and fibre consumption, but only one-third routinely advised on salt restriction. Of the 17% of dietitians who continue to use carbohydrate exchanges, all combine this method with other approaches. Of the recommendations made by the Clinical Standards Group, only 69% of dietitians reported seeing more than half of newly diagnosed adult patients within four weeks, and less than 50% reported offering half or more of their patients an annual review. Amongst the literature in current use, 98% of dietitians use BDA literature for teaching patients and 90% use BDA publications in their own education. Seventy-six per cent of dietitians believed that there was a role for commercial slimming organizations in weight management of people with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Given the proven value of dietetic input in diabetes management, there would be advantages to correcting the regional inequalities in dietetic provision for diabetes care in the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nelson
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, King's College London, UK
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Kupperman E, An S, Osborne N, Waldron S, Stainier DY. A sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor regulates cell migration during vertebrate heart development. Nature 2000; 406:192-5. [PMID: 10910360 DOI: 10.1038/35018092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Coordinated cell migration is essential in many fundamental biological processes including embryonic development, organogenesis, wound healing and the immune response. During organogenesis, groups of cells are directed to specific locations within the embryo. Here we show that the zebrafish miles apart (mil) mutation specifically affects the migration of the heart precursors to the midline. We found that mutant cells transplanted into a wild-type embryo migrate normally and that wild-type cells in a mutant embryo fail to migrate, suggesting that mil may be involved in generating an environment permissive for migration. We isolated mil by positional cloning and show that it encodes a member of the lysosphingolipid G-protein-coupled receptor family. We also show that sphingosine-1-phosphate is a ligand for Mil, and that it activates several downstream signalling events that are not activated by the mutant alleles. These data reveal a new role for lysosphingolipids in regulating cell migration during vertebrate development and provide the first molecular clues into the fusion of the bilateral heart primordia during organogenesis of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kupperman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California San Francisco, 94143-0448, USA
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Abstract
Many Salmo trutta populations consist of non-anadromous (freshwater-resident) brown trout and anadromous (sea-run migratory) sea trout. Although adult brown trout and sea trout can usually be identified using differences in size and body colouration, it is not possible to easily identify eggs/alevins as the progeny of brown trout or sea trout. In this study we show that delta(13)C and delta(15)N, measured using a continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer (CF-IRMS), can accurately identify fish eggs as the progeny of freshwater-resident (delta(13)C(egg) = -25.7 +/- 1.9 per thousand,delta(15)N(egg) = 9.2 +/- 1.8 per thousand) or migratory (delta(13)C(egg) = -19.9 +/- 1.1 per thousand, delta(15)N(egg) = 14. 3 +/- 1.5 per thousand) adult female Salmo trutta. Case studies show that stable isotope analysis is a more reliable technique for distinguishing anadromous adult fish than differentiation using morphological characteristics. For example, stable isotope analysis of brown trout from Loch Eck, Scotland, revealed that some individuals possessed delta(13)C and delta(15)N signatures indicative of marine feeding despite visual identification as freshwater-resident fish. It is most likely that these fish are misidentified sea trout although it possible that these fish may be brown trout that have adopted an estuarine feeding strategy to avoid interspecific competition for food within Loch Eck with salmon, powan and Arctic charr. Most stable isotope studies of fish ecology use terminal tissue sampling to provide sufficient biological material for isotopic analysis; however, our study suggests that adipose fin tissue could provide a comparable measure of delta(13)C and delta(15)N. Such a strategy would be invaluable when studying the trophic ecology or migration patterns of fish of high conservation value.
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Affiliation(s)
- I D McCarthy
- University Field Station, University of Glasgow, Rowardennan, Glasgow G63 0AW, UK.
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Abstract
A 72 year old woman presented with swelling of the right lobe of her thyroid gland. Fine needle aspiration and flow cytometry showed a clonal population of B cells expressing CD10 and a diagnosis of follicle centre cell lymphoma was made. Subsequent excision of the thyroid showed the typical histological features of a marginal zone non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Polymerase chain reaction showed no evidence of t (14;18). Immunohistochemistry confirmed CD10 positivity and LN1 (CDw75) expression. This is only the second report of aberrant expression of CD 10 by a marginal zone lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Millar
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, John Hunter Hospital, Hunter Region Mail Centre, Lambton, Australia.
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Chen F, Kearney T, Robinson S, Daley-Yates PT, Waldron S, Churchill DR. Cushing's syndrome and severe adrenal suppression in patients treated with ritonavir and inhaled nasal fluticasone. Sex Transm Infect 1999; 75:274. [PMID: 10615321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
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Abstract
A cross-sectional survey of dietitians using a structured postal questionnaire was sent to 148 dietitians who provided a service to children with diabetes. One hundred and twenty-two (82%) replied, of whom 50 were paediatric dietitians (4 paediatric diabetes dietitians) and 72 were other grades. One hundred and eighteen (97%) dietitians reviewed newly diagnosed children within 24-48 hours of diagnosis but only 81 (66%) used literature specifically designed for children. The majority 116 (95%) felt they worked within a multidisciplinary team. Only 15 (12%) dietitians used purely qualitative carbohydrate dietary education; the remainder used quantitative methods, e.g. 10 g exchange system. Ninety-one (75%) used carbohydrate exchange lists. High fibre foods were suggested but dietitians felt only a moderate intake was achievable. One hundred and twelve (92%) recommended a reduced fat intake but guidance was not as unanimous on reducing specific fatty acids. Objective assessment of dietary outcomes was limited. Paediatric dietitians compared with other grades were more likely to use innovative methods of education but no other differences in dietary practice existed. A minority of dietitians 17 (18%) felt families would find implementing the diet easy. The survey confirmed national inconsistencies in dietary messages and poor evaluation of patient compliance. Research is required into effective dietary counselling to support evidence-based practice.
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Waldron S. How can we study the efficacy of psychoanalysis? Psychoanal Q 1997; 66:283-322. [PMID: 9154652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Psychoanalytic efficacy has been demonstrated in general, but not in comparison with other therapies, nor with detailed study of the relationship between process and outcome. The steps necessary to accomplish such studies are outlined, along with a review of our present readiness. Crucial dimensions of such work are explored, including the use of single case studies, and ways of looking at sequences of interaction between analyst and patient as they change during various phases of treatment. Methods of using control and comparison groups and follow-up studies are described, and various promising specific strategies are proposed.
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Waldron S. Current controversies in the dietary management of diabetes in childhood and adolescence. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 1996; 56:450-5. [PMID: 8937697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Dietary recommendations for children and adolescents with diabetes are not based on scientific evidence nor on proven benefit to the patient; they are subject to considerable variations in local interpretation and practice. This article examines these principles, the practices and the evidence for their use, and considers future initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Waldron
- Leicestershire Nutrition and Dietetic Services, Fosse Health NHS Trust, Leicester
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37
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Sandy CJ, Bloom PA, Waldron S, Migdal CS. Long survival in AIDS-related cytomegalovirus retinitis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1996; 12:209-10. [PMID: 8680895 DOI: 10.1097/00042560-199606010-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Abstract
We describe a patient in whom HIV-associated nephropathy developed in association with the detection of Mycoplasma fermentans. This mycoplasma was found in renal tissue by means of a polymerase chain reaction when nephropathy was first evident, and subsequently in urine, blood and the throat. The evidence presented strengthens the causal association of this micro-organism with HIV-induced nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Ainsworth
- MRC Sexually Transmitted Disease Research Group, St Mary's Hospital Medical School, Paddington, London, U.K
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Waldron S. Slips of the analyst. Psychoanal Q 1992; 61:564-80. [PMID: 1454888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the analyst's work and its vicissitudes has been a major focus of recent psychoanalytic writing. This study on slips of the analyst represents an attempt to advance our understanding of analytic work. The slips described support the view that slips reflect not simply contributions from instinctual life, but active work-related goals of the analyst in carrying out the analytic tasks. Countertransference is discussed as reflected in the disturbance of intentionality betrayed by the occurrence of a slip. The essential role of the analyst's understanding his or her own reactions is emphasized.
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Abstract
Granuloma annulare is an uncommon skin condition, most often found on the extremities of young females. A case of granuloma annulare occurring on the penis of a 61 year old man is reported and the current literature associating granuloma annulare and conditions likely to present to genitourinary clinics is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Hillman
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK
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Waldron S, Brown H. School nursing: involving parents in school health checks. Nurs Stand 1992; 6:37-40. [PMID: 1540525 DOI: 10.7748/ns.6.18.37.s42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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42
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Abstract
We report two cases of cryptosporidiosis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) which responded to early intervention with intravenous zidovudine and total parenteral nutrition (TPN).
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Tomlinson
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK
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Abstract
In this study we critically review the formal research literature pertinent to the outcomes of psychoanalysis and the factors influencing these outcomes. Our inquiry was conducted from a psychoanalytic perspective. We found the research yield consistent with the accumulated body of clinically derived psychoanalytic knowledge, e.g., patients suitable for psychoanalysis derive substantial therapeutic benefit; analyzability and therapeutic benefit are relatively separate dimensions and their extent is relatively unpredictable from the perspective of initial evaluation among seemingly suitable cases. The studies all contain clinical and methodological limitations which are no more substantial than in other forms of psychotherapy research, but they have not substantially advanced psychoanalytic knowledge. This raises challenges for the further development of formal research strategies native to psychoanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Bachrach
- New York Medical College, St. Vincent's Hospital
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Waldron S. School nurses: spreading the gospel. Interview by Phil Cohen. Nurs Times 1984; 80:16-7. [PMID: 6566171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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48
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Abstract
The pilot study examines the demographic profile, referral source, and presenting symptom of 40 families whose child was referred to and accepted for assessment by the Outpatient Psychiatry Department of the Hospital for Sick Children, but who ended up cancelling their initial assessment interview when an appointment time was set. These "No-Show" cases constitute a relatively small (13.6%) proportion of the total population accepted for assessment. the "No-Show" families did not differ markedly from the general intake population in terms of age, and presenting problem. However, girls, suburban residence and lower class background were more prevalent in the "No-Show" group. The length of time spent on the waiting list was given most frequently as the primary reason for cancelling the appointment.
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Waldron S. Integration of handicapped pupils. Nurs Times 1983; 79:54-6. [PMID: 6222287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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50
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Abstract
At The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, an attempt was made to bypass long pre-assessment waiting lists by referring an increasing number of patients to local community resources at the point of the initial intake call. During the pilot study, we contacted 40 families who had been redirected along these lines between January and June 1979. We found that 31 (78%) families had followed our recommendation and most were satisfied with the treatment they were receiving. This suggests that "re-referral" upon intake can often be a highly effective and useful service when provided by a central resource and consultation centre. A further systematic follow-up of all applications to children's mental health clinics, including a careful appraisal of no-show cases (families who are accepted so that we can tailor our services to the specific child psychiatry needs of our varied clientel.
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