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Fraser M, Page RL, Chow S, Alexy T, Peters L. Pharmacotherapy in the heart transplant recipient: A primer for nurse clinicians and pharmacists. Clin Transplant 2024; 38:e15252. [PMID: 38341767 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.15252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Heart transplantation (HT) is the definitive treatment for eligible patients with end-stage heart disease. A major complication of HT is allograft rejection which can lead to graft dysfunction and death. The guiding principle of chronic immunosuppression therapy is to prevent rejection of the transplanted organ while avoiding oversuppression of the immune system, which can cause opportunistic infections and malignancy. The purpose of this review is to describe immunosuppressive management of the HT recipient-including agent-specific pharmacology and pharmacokinetics, outcomes data, adverse effects, clinical considerations, and recent guideline updates. We will also provide recommendations for medical prophylaxis of immunosuppressed patients based on the most recent clinical guidelines. Additionally, we highlight the importance of medical therapy adherence and the effect of social determinants of health on the long-term management of HT. HT recipients are a complex and high-risk population. The objective of this review is to describe basic pharmacotherapy in HT and implications for nurses and pharmacists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meg Fraser
- Division of Cardiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert L Page
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sheryl Chow
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Tamas Alexy
- Division of Cardiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Laura Peters
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Chow S, Eggold J, Levy K, Wang J, Manjappa R, Dorigo O, Loo B, Rankin E. Combination total abdominal ultra-rapid flash irradiation and PD-1 inhibition provides enhanced tumor burden control in a preclinical ovarian cancer model. Gynecol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.05.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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3
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Chow S, Liao C, Mann A, Dorigo O, Litkouhi B, Lai K, Kapp D, Chan J. Uterine clear cell carcinoma risk in Asian subpopulations. Gynecol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.05.606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Olsson-Brown A, Guinan T, McKay M, Thurston K, Chow S, Lord R, Sacco J. Implementation of a dedicated immuno-oncology toxicity service reduces the acute impact of immune-related adverse events. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz253.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Chow S, Gunnison K, Tucker L, Pruett K. Topical vaginal estrogen use and risk of endometrial hyperplasia or cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.03.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Chow S, Chan J, Kapp D, Mann A, Liao C. Racial and regional disparities and outcomes of stage II endometrial cancer patients after robotic surgery. Gynecol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.04.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Chow S, Chan J, Delic L, Kapp D, Mann A, Liao C. Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation improve survival of surgical stage I uterine clear cell carcinoma patients. Gynecol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.04.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Mai XK, Chow S, Cameron J, O’Barr SA. JUUL E-vapor Has Less Protective Effect in a Zebrafish Model of Heart Failure Compared to Nicotine Salt, Nicotine Agonists, and First-Generation ENDS. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.187.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is defined by the impairment of ventricular filling that results in loss of oxygen and damage to the myocardium. HF affects about 2% – 3% of people worldwide in the United States. At the same time, e-cigarette use among young adults has been on the rise because of social norms. The correlation between HF and e-cigarette can be explained by the phenomenon called the “smoker’s paradox”, which states improvement in acute myocardial infarction (MI) and smokers via the interaction between three processes. These processes involve activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) via the vagus nerve and stimulation of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR). When these processes are activated, inflammatory properties of HF are inhibited. Our lab and others have shown that nicotine salt, α7 nAChR agonists, and first-generation ENDS vapor have potential therapeutic benefit for HF through activation of CAP. In this study, zebrafish were pretreated for 20 minutes over four consecutive days with e-vapor from a flavored JUUL pod, nAChR agonists GTS-21 and AR-R17779, or pure nicotine salt. On day four, MI was induced by chemical induction. Survival times were recorded, and heart tissue was collected for analysis. Regulatory gene and cytokine levels in the myocardium were measured by rtPCR. Results show that nicotine salt, nicotine agonists, and e-vapor from first-generation ENDS have more protective effect as measured by longer survival times and lower regulatory gene and cytokine expression levels, compared to JUUL e-vapor pretreated fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyen Kim Mai
- 1western university of health sciences college of pharmacy
| | - Sheryl Chow
- 1western university of health sciences college of pharmacy
| | - Joshua Cameron
- 2western university of health sciences college of optometry
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Olsson-Brown A, Guinan T, McKay M, Chow S, Lord R, Pirmohamed M, Sacco J. The unexpected challenges of immunotherapy. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy486.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Anderson H, Daheron L, Savvidis G, Negre H, Nag A, Thorner A, Liu X, Gu S, Hu X, Kelley M, Chow S, Daley H, Manduke R, Hwa A, Pagliuca F, Ritz J. Safety considerations in the generation of clinical grade autologous ips cell lines. Cytotherapy 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Negre H, Pinte L, Manduke R, Cunningham A, Anderson H, Richard S, Khelladi R, Mai J, Chow S, Kelley M, Daley H, Sturtevant O, Nikiforow S, Ritz J. Personnel environmental monitoring during manufacture of manipulated cell therapy products. Cytotherapy 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.02.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Mai XK, Kha M, Chow S, Cameron J, O’Barr SA. Modulation of inflammatory responses in heart failure via activation of alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist GTS-21. The Journal of Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.108.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a prominent health concern amongst the public with prevalence rate being over 5.8 million in the USA. Inflammation and cytokine signaling are two main factors that lead to the pathogenesis of HF because of their effects on the heart and peripheral circulation. The “smoker’s paradox” showed associations between improvements in short-term acute myocardial infarction (MI) and smokers via activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) that can inhibit inflammatory responses in HF. Studies showed that the vagus nerve can modulate these inflammatory responses by activating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway via stimulation of α7 nAChR. Hence, stimulation of α7 nAChR with specific agonists can be a potential therapeutic target for HF because it can inhibit pro-inflammatory responses. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of 3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylident)-anabaseine (GTS-21), a partial agonist of α7 nAChR, were observed in an in vivo zebrafish model for HF. For four consecutive days, the zebrafishes were pre-treated with GTS-21 (0.113 μM) for 20 minutes per day. On the fourth day after pre-treatment with GTS-21, the zebrafishes were induced with MI by oligo-[2-(2-ethoxy)- ethoxyethyl)-guanidinium-chloride] (PGH) and survival was recorded. Using reverse transcription PCR (rt-PCR) for analysis, results showed that pre-treatment with GTS-21 modified the gene regulatory protein levels and reduced cytokine expression in the myocardium tissue. Other α7 nAChR agonists were investigated for their potential therapeutic effect in inhibiting inflammatory responses, but GTS-21 was more efficacious in inhibiting cytokine expression. Thus, GTS-21 may be used as a novel therapeutic for HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyen Kim Mai
- 1Western University of Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy
| | - Mindy Kha
- 1Western University of Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy
| | - Sheryl Chow
- 1Western University of Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy
| | - Joshua Cameron
- 2Western University of Health Sciences, College of Optometry
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Abstract
The first conception outside of the human body that led to the birth of Louise Brown was a tremendous accomplishment, which opened the door to the utilization of assisted reproductive techniques globally. This brought the understanding that accomplishing life in a dish required several steps, the most obvious being the timing and characteristics of fertilization. It soon became obvious in the 1980s that the most disappointing phenomenon was unexpected and complete fertilization failure. Among the approaches that were attempted to treat male factor infertility, ICSI surfaced as the technique that brought the ratio of the gametes to 1:1 and was also able to grant consistent fertilization and a higher pregnancy rate. ICSI has now been implemented for a quarter of a century, proving itself as the ultimate technique utilizing ejaculated spermatozoa independent of the semen parameters and is the sole insemination method to be used with surgically retrieved spermatozoa. There are currently various indications for ICSI that are widely adopted, rendering it the most popular insemination method worldwide. The reliability of ICSI ensures its employment in upcoming techniques involving in vitro spermatogenesis and neogametogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L O'Neill
- The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive MedicineWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - S Chow
- The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive MedicineWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Z Rosenwaks
- The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive MedicineWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - G D Palermo
- The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive MedicineWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Palermo GD, O'Neill CL, Chow S, Cheung S, Parrella A, Pereira N, Rosenwaks Z. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection: state of the art in humans. Reproduction 2017; 154:F93-F110. [PMID: 29158352 PMCID: PMC5719728 DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Among infertile couples, 25% involve both male and female factors, while male factor alone accounts for another 25% due to oligo-, astheno-, teratozoospermia, a combination of the three, or even a complete absence of sperm cells in the ejaculate and can lead to a poor prognosis even with the help of assisted reproductive technology (ART). Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has been with us now for a quarter of a century and in spite of the controversy generated since its inception, it remains in the forefront of the techniques utilized in ART. The development of ICSI in 1992 has drastically decreased the impact of male factor, resulting in millions of pregnancies worldwide for couples who, without ICSI, would have had little chance of having their own biological child. This review focuses on the state of the art of ICSI regarding utility of bioassays that evaluate male factor infertility beyond the standard semen analysis and describes the current application and advances in regard to ICSI, particularly the genetic and epigenetic characteristics of spermatozoa and their impact on reproductive outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Palermo
- The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive MedicineWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - C L O'Neill
- The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive MedicineWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - S Chow
- The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive MedicineWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - S Cheung
- The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive MedicineWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - A Parrella
- The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive MedicineWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - N Pereira
- The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive MedicineWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Z Rosenwaks
- The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive MedicineWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Chow S, Kurogi H, Yamamoto T, Tomoda T, Mochioka N, Shirotori F, Yoshinaga T, Ambe D, Okazaki M, Nagai S, Yanagimoto T. Reproductive isolation between sympatric Anguilla japonica and Anguilla marmorata. J Fish Biol 2017; 91:1517-1525. [PMID: 28990671 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Species-specific restriction fragment length polymorphism in the intron of the androgen receptor gene (ar5) was found in glass to silver-stage individuals of Anguilla japonica (n = 51) and A. marmorata (n = 21). The sequence analysis of 16S rDNA from 328 anguillid leptocephali collected in the North Equatorial Current of the western North Pacific Ocean revealed the specimens to be A. japonica (n = 194), A. marmorata (n = 128), A. bicolor pacifica (n = 5) and A. luzonensis (n = 1). All leptocephali of A. japonica and A. marmorata were monomorphic and did not share an allele at the ar5 locus, indicating that the two species are reproductively isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chow
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan
| | - H Kurogi
- Yokosuka Laboratory, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 6-3-1, Nagai, Kanagawa, 238-0316, Japan
| | - T Yamamoto
- Yokosuka Laboratory, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 6-3-1, Nagai, Kanagawa, 238-0316, Japan
| | - T Tomoda
- National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 205 Natsui, Shibushi, Kagoshima, 899-7101, Japan
| | - N Mochioka
- Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - F Shirotori
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - T Yoshinaga
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - D Ambe
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan
| | - M Okazaki
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan
| | - S Nagai
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan
| | - T Yanagimoto
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan
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Chow S, Leach R, Mitchell C. Non-elective admissions in cancer care - A review of acute oncology services (AOS) implementation in a north-west region of England. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx375.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Parrella A, O'Neill C, Chow S, Goldstein M, Rosenwaks Z, Palermo G. Sperm source influences the extent of DNA fragmentation and shapes reproductive outcome. Fertil Steril 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.07.914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Parrella A, Chow S, Cheung S, O'Neill C, Rosenwaks Z, Palermo G. Proportional oocyte nuclear maturation in relation to ICSI outcome. Fertil Steril 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.07.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kha M, Chow S, Cameron DJ, O’Barr SA. Alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist GTS-21 influences the inflammatory response in an animal model of heart failure. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.221.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, specifically heart failure affects nearly 6 million Americans, and remains to be the number one cause of hospitalization and death globally. Multiple studies have suggested that inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of this disease. There is a novel link between the vagus nerve and the inflammatory responses, where the vagus nerve can limit inflammation via the alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) in relation to the “cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP)”. Selective pharmacological stimulation of the α7 nAChR may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. We determined the anti-inflammatory potential of 3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylident)-anabaseine (GTS-21), an α7-selective partial agonist, in an in vivo zebrafish heart failure model. To investigate the possible therapeutic benefit of GTS- 21, we used a chronic exposure system in which animals are pre-treated with GTS-21 for 20 minutes per day for four consecutive days. On day four after a short washout period, heart failure is chemically induced by Oligo-[2-(2- ethoxy)-ethoxyethyl)-guanidinium-chloride] (PGH) and survival is recorded. We show that GTS-21 has a profound anti-inflammatory effect in improving survivability in a concentration dependent manner. Moreover, rtPCR analysis on heart tissue shows that pre-treatment with GTS-21 induces modifications in levels of gene regulatory proteins leading to altered cytokine expression within the myocardium. In all, these data indicate that GTS-21 may be a promising therapeutic as it influences the inflammatory response in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindy Kha
- 1Western University of Health Sciences
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Chow S, Galvis V, Pillai M, Leach R, Keene E, Spencer-Shaw A, Shablak A, Shanks J, Liptrot T, Thistlethwaite F, Hawkins RE. High-dose interleukin2 - a 10-year single-site experience in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: careful selection of patients gives an excellent outcome. J Immunother Cancer 2016; 4:67. [PMID: 27777776 PMCID: PMC5067981 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-016-0174-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background VEGF-targeted therapy has become the mainstay of treatment for majority of mRCC patients. For most patients, benefit is short-lived and therefore treatment remains palliative in intent. HD IL2 is an effective immunotherapy treatment capable of durable remission in some patients but its unselected use has been difficult due to its modest response rate and considerable adverse effects. Using set pathology criteria as a selection tool in clinical practice, we have been able to show improved outcomes in our previous report. Here, we present an updated and extended report of this treatment and seek to explore any pathological, clinical and treatment variables likely to predict better outcomes. Methods This is an extension of a previously reported clinical audit, which includes mRCC cases treated with HD IL2 between 2003 and 2013. Since 2006, tumour specimens of potential candidates were routinely reviewed prospectively and stratified into Favourable or Other categories based on constitution of histological growth pattern, namely alveolar or solid versus papillary and/or sarcomatoid architecture; clear cell versus granular cell cytoplasmic morphology. HD IL2 was preferentially offered to patients with Favourable pathology. Outcome evaluation includes response rates, survival, and treatment tolerance. Multivariate analysis was performed to explore potential prognostic and predictive factors. Results Among prospectively selected patients with Favourable pathology (n = 106), overall response rate was 48.1 % (51/106) with CR rate of 21.6 % (23/106). Median OS was 58.1 months. Factors associated with significantly better response and/or survival includes favourable pathology pattern, higher cycle 1 tolerance and lower number of metastatic organ sites (<3). CAIX (Carbonic anhydrase 9) has prognostic value but is not predictive of response. Toxicities were those expected of IL2 but were manageable on general medical wards, with no treatment-related death. Importantly most complete responses were durable with 76 % (23/30) cases remained relapse-free (median 39 months follow up) and 2 of the seven who relapsed had had long-term disease free survival after resection of oligometastatic relapse. Conclusions Our experience shows that HD IL2 remains an effective and safe treatment in well-selected cases of mRCC. The result in this single-institution patient series confirms similar outcomes to our previously reported retrospective series. Given the prospect of long-term remission, fit patients with Favourable histology and low disease burden should be considered for HD IL2 in an experienced centre. Better understanding has been gained from this in-depth analysis especially the examination of possible response predictors and strategies that can improve treatment outcome. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40425-016-0174-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chow
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - V Galvis
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - M Pillai
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - R Leach
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - E Keene
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK ; The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - A Shablak
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - J Shanks
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - T Liptrot
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - R E Hawkins
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK ; The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK ; The Christie Clinic, Manchester, UK
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Chow S, Yanagimoto T, Kurogi H, Appleyard SA, Pogonoski JJ. A giant anguilliform leptocephalus Thalassenchelys foliaceus Castle & Raju is a junior synonym of Congriscus maldivensis (Norman 1939). J Fish Biol 2016; 89:2203-2211. [PMID: 27511812 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A single specimen of giant leptocephalus Thalassenchelys foliaceus Castle & Raju 1975 was caught in subtropical waters of the western North Pacific Ocean. Mitochondrial coI gene sequence divergence between T. foliaceus and Congriscus maldivensis (Norman 1939) was 0·64 ± 0·27% (mean ± s.e.), and the myomere and vertebral counts of these species were similar, indicating T. foliaceus is a junior synonym of C. maldivensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chow
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan.
| | - T Yanagimoto
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan
| | - H Kurogi
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, 6-3-1 Nagai, Kanagawa 238-0316, Japan
| | - S A Appleyard
- Australian National Fish Collection, National Research Collections Australia, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - J J Pogonoski
- Australian National Fish Collection, National Research Collections Australia, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
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Artz AS, Chow S. Hematopoietic cell transplantation in older adults: deciding or decision-making? Bone Marrow Transplant 2016; 51:643-4. [PMID: 27042839 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2016.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A S Artz
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S Chow
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Section of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Okazaki S, Manabe H, Omatsu T, Tsuchiaka S, Yamamoto T, Chow S, Shibuno T, Watanabe K, Ono S, Kuwada H, Mizutani T. Detection of Japanese eel endothelial cells-infecting virus (JEECV) in the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica (Temminck & Schlegel), living in natural habitats. J Fish Dis 2015; 38:849-852. [PMID: 25117695 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Okazaki
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Manabe
- National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - T Omatsu
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Tsuchiaka
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Yamamoto
- National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - S Chow
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - T Shibuno
- National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - K Watanabe
- National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - S Ono
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokai University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - H Kuwada
- National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - T Mizutani
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Burt T, Wu H, Layton A, Rouse D, Chin B, Hawk T, Weitzel D, Cohen-Wolkowiez M, Chow S, Noveck R. Intra-Arterial Microdosing (IAM), a novel Drug development approach, proof of concept in Rats. Clin Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2015.05.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Evans M, Chow S, Galvis V, Leach R, Keene E, Spencer-Shaw A, Shablak A, Shanks J, Thistlethwaite F, Hawkins R. Evaluating the Place of Interleukin-2 in the Management of Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer (MRCC) in the Era of Targeted Therapy. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu466.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Chow S, Dale W, Buesing K, Reynolds V, Paloma M, Bishop M, Artz A. Initial experience of a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) before allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for patients 60years and older. J Geriatr Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2014.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Chow S, Galvis V, Evans M, Chan K, Spencer-Shaw A, Leach R, Keene E, Shablak A, Shanks J, Thistlethwaite F, Hawkins R. High-Dose Interleukin-2 (Hd Il2) Armed with Pathology-Based Selection Criteria: a Real Option in Treatment of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (Mrcc) After Targeted Therapy. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu337.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Lanfear D, Cabrera-Salinas R, Chow S, Padhukasahasram B, Li J, Langholz D, Wilson Tang W, Williams LK, Sabbah HN. Genetic and Non-Genetic Factors Influencing Pharmacokinetics of B-type Natriuretic Peptide. J Card Fail 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2014.06.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Dey-Rao R, Smith J, Chow S, Sinha A. Differential gene expression analysis in CCLE lesions provides new insights regarding the genetics basis of skin vs. systemic disease. Genomics 2014; 104:144-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Lanfear DE, Chow S, Padhukasahasram B, Li J, Langholz D, Tang WHW, Williams LK, Sabbah HN. Genetic and nongenetic factors influencing pharmacokinetics of B-type natriuretic peptide. J Card Fail 2014; 20:662-8. [PMID: 24983826 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2014.06.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natriuretic peptides (NPs) represent a critical pathway in heart failure (HF). However, there is wide individual variability in NP system activity, which could be partly genetic in origin. We explored genetic and nongenetic contributions to B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) inactivation. METHODS Chronic HF patients (n = 95) received recombinant human BNP (nesiritide) at standard doses, and BNP levels were measured at baseline, after 2 hours of infusion, and 30 minutes after discontinuation. Genomic DNA was genotyped for 91 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 2 candidate genes. We tested the association of patient characteristics and genotype with 5 pharmacokinetics (PK) parameters: elimination rate constant, ΔBNP, BNP clearance, adjusted BNP clearance, and half-life. Linear regression with pleiotropic analysis was used to test genotype associations with PK. RESULTS Participants' mean age was 63 years, 44% were female, and 46% were African American. PK parameters varied widely, some >10-fold. HF type (preserved vs reduced) was associated with PK (P < .01), whereas renal function, demographics, and body mass index and were not. Two SNPs in MME (rs989692, rs6798179) and 2 in NPR3 (rs6880564, rs2062708) also had associations with PK (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The pharmacokinetics of BNP varies greatly in HF patients, differs by HF type, and possibly by MME or NPR3 genotype. Additional study is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Lanfear
- Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Cardiology, Section, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan.
| | - Sheryl Chow
- Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Cardiology, Section, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Badri Padhukasahasram
- Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Cardiology, Section, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jia Li
- Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Cardiology, Section, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - David Langholz
- Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Cardiology, Section, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Cardiology, Section, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - L Keoki Williams
- Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Cardiology, Section, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Hani N Sabbah
- Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Cardiology, Section, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
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Jiang WH, Baker W, Phan P, Chow S. C-REACTIVE PROTEIN DOES NOT PREDICT THERAPEUTIC RESPONSE IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE: A META-ANALYSIS. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(14)60787-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Rietdorf E, Chow S, O'Barr S. Complement MAC expression in heart failure. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.lb480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheryl Chow
- Western University of Health SciencesPomonaCA
- LABioMed at Harbor‐UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCA
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Wakabayashi T, Suzuki N, Sakai M, Ichii T, Chow S. Phylogenetic relationships among the family Ommastrephidae (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) inferred from two mitochondrial DNA gene sequences. Mar Genomics 2012; 7:11-6. [PMID: 22897957 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Squids of the family Ommastrephidae are distributed worldwide, and the family includes many species of commercial importance. To investigate phylogenetic relationships among squid species of the family Ommastrephidae, partial nucleotide sequences of two mitochondrial gene loci (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [1277bp] and 16S rRNA [443bp]) of 15 ommastrephid species and two outgroup species from the families Loliginidae and Enoploteuthidae were determined and used to construct parsimony and distance based phylogenetic trees. The molecular data provided several new phylogenetic inferences. The monophyletic status of three subfamilies (Illicinae, Todarodinae and Ommastrephinae) was well supported, although phylogenetic relationships between the subfamilies were not resolved. Inclusion of a problematic species, Ornithoteuthis volatilis, to Todarodinae was indicated. Within Todarodinae, the Japanese common squid Todarodes pacificus was observed to have much closer relationship to the species of the genus Nototodarus than to its congener (Todarodes filippovae). These results indicate that re-evaluation of several morphological key characters for ommastrephid taxonomy may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Wakabayashi
- National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, Japan.
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Brandwein JM, Hedley DW, Chow S, Schimmer AD, Yee KWL, Schuh AC, Gupta V, Xu W, Kamel-Reid S, Minden MD. A phase I/II study of imatinib plus reinduction therapy for c-kit-positive relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia: inhibition of Akt activation correlates with complete response. Leukemia 2011; 25:945-52. [PMID: 21403650 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This phase I/II study evaluated imatinib as a c-kit inhibitor combined with mitoxantrone, etoposide and cytarabine therapy for patients with primary refractory or relapsed c-kit+ acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Imatinib was escalated through three dose levels in successive six patient cohorts. The combination was well tolerated up to 400 mg/day imatinib. Of 21 patients treated at this dose, 13 (62%) achieved complete response (CR), 7 (33%) were non-responders and one died during induction. The CR rate was 80% in patients with standard-risk karyotype versus 33% in patients with adverse karyotype. The CR rate for primary non-responders was 6/14 (43%) versus 7/7 (100%) for relapsed patients. AML blasts from peripheral blood were assayed for phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) and phosphorylated ERK (pERK) by flow cytometry before to and after imatinib dosing. Of eight patients achieving CR with reinduction, seven demonstrated marked (≥60%) pAkt inhibition with imatinib therapy. In contrast, all the six non-responders to reinduction demonstrated <60% pAkt inhibition (P=0.005). There was no correlation between pERK inhibition and response to therapy. These results indicate that lack of pAkt inhibition in vivo is associated with resistance to reinduction therapy using this regimen. Further studies using agents that are able to inhibit Akt more effectively are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Brandwein
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Agostini C, Agudelo PA, Bâ K, Barber PA, Bisol PM, Brouat C, Burgess TI, Calves I, Carrillo Avila M, Chow S, Cordes L, Da Silva D, Dalecky A, De Meester L, Doadrio I, Dobigny G, Duplantier JM, Evison SEF, Ford R, Fresneau D, Galetti PM, Gauthier P, Geldof S, Granjon L, Guérin F, St J Hardy GE, Hernandez Escobar C, Hima K, Hu J, Huang L, Humeau L, Jansen B, Jaquemet S, Jiang ZQ, Jung SJ, Kim BS, Kim CH, Kim JO, Lai CH, Laroche J, Lavergne E, Lawton-Rauh A, Le Corre M, Leach MM, Lee J, Leo AE, Lichtenzveig J, Lin L, Linde CC, Liu SF, Marino IAM, McKeown NJ, Nohara K, Oh MJ, Okamoto H, Oliver R, Olivera Angel M, Ornelas-García CP, Orsini L, Ostos Alfonso H, Othman AS, Papetti C, Patarnello T, Pedraza-Lara C, Piller KR, Poteaux C, Requier JB, Roziana MK, Semba Y, Sembene M, Shah RM, Shahril AR, Shao A, Shaw PW, Song L, Souza Ferreira R, Su YQ, Suzuki N, Tatard C, Taylor KM, Taylor PWJ, Thiam M, Valbuena R, Wang H, Yang BG, Yuan Q, Zajonz U, Zane L, Zhu L, Zhuang ZM, Zulaiha AR. Permanent genetic resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 October 2010-30 November 2010. Mol Ecol Resour 2011; 11:418-21. [PMID: 21429157 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02970.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This article documents the addition of 277 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Ascochyta rabiei, Cambarellus chapalanus, Chionodraco hamatus, Coptis omeiensis, Cynoscion nebulosus, Daphnia magna, Gerbillus nigeriae, Isurus oxyrinchus, Lates calcarifer, Metacarcinus magister, Oplegnathus fasciatus, Pachycondyla verenae, Phaethon lepturus, Pimelodus grosskopfii, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Scomberomorus niphonius, Sepia esculenta, Terapon jarbua, Teratosphaeria cryptica and Thunnus obesus. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Austropotamobius italicus, Cambarellus montezumae, Cambarellus puer, Cambarellus shufeldtii, Cambarellus texanus, Chionodraco myersi, Chionodraco rastrospinosus, Coptis chinensis, Coptis chinensis var. brevisepala, Coptis deltoidea, Coptis teeta, Orconectes virilis, Pacifastacus leniusculus, Pimelodus bochii, Procambarus clarkii, Pseudopimelodus bufonius, Rhamdia quelen, Sepia andreana, Sepiella maindroni, Thunnus alalunga, Thunnus albacares, Thunnus maccoyii, Thunnus orientalis, Thunnus thynnus and Thunnus tonggol.
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Affiliation(s)
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- Department of Biology-University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/b, Padua, Italy
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Chow S, Mullan B. Predicting food hygiene. An investigation of social factors and past behaviour in an extended model of the Health Action Process Approach. Appetite 2010; 54:126-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2009.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Revised: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Carter L, Chow S, Scott D, Hartshorn G, Califano R, Blackhall F. Smoking in teenagers. Lung Cancer 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(10)70120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ramanathan RK, Dragovich T, Richards D, Stephenson J, Pestano L, Hiscox A, Leos R, Chow S, Millard J, Kirkpatrick L. Results from phase Ib studies of PX-12, a thioredoxin inhibitor in patients with advanced solid malignancies. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.2571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
2571 Background: PX-12, a small-molecule inhibitor of Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) stimulates apoptosis, down-regulates HIF- 1α, VEGF in animal models. High levels of Trx-1 have been linked to chemoresistance in lung cancers. The phase 2 dose of PX-12 was 226 mg/m2 given by 3-h infusion IV x 5 days, q 21d (Ramanathan RK et al. CCR 13; 2109; 2007). Two Phase 1b trials of PX-12 in patients with advanced solid tumors have been completed to determine the safety, tolerability and optimal biologic dose when delivered by prolonged infusion. Methods: PX-12 was administered as a 24-h infusion every q7- 14d starting at 150 mg/m2/day (n=18); or a 72-h infusion q 21d, starting at 300 mg/m2/day (n=14) using a portable delivery pump. Results: Both the 24- or 72-h infusion of PX-12 were well tolerated in patients at doses up to 400 mg/m2/day. Common grade 1/2 AE's included fatigue, taste alteration, and odor caused by expired drug metabolite. In the 24 h study the maximal dose evaluated was 450 mg/m2. No DLTs were observed in this study. Since no MTD was reached on 24-h infusion up to 450 mg/m2 dose level, additional higher doses were explored utilizing 72-h infusion. DLT in the 72-h study at the highest dose administered (500 mg/m2/day) included reversible hypoxia with or without pneumonitis. Best response was stable disease in 3 pts (SD): liver cancer and colon cancer (24-h infusion) and rectal cancer (72-h infusion). Pharmacodynamics (PD): PX- 12 lowered circulating Trx-1 levels in patients who had starting Trx-1 levels 3-fold greater than that of the normal population (5.4 ng/mL) including all three SD. Circulating VEGF and FGF-2 levels were also lowered over multiple courses of treatment in these patients. The pharmacokinetics of PX-12 showed a dose dependent increase of Cmax and no accumulation over multiple cycles following a 24 h infusion. Conclusions: Dosing at 400 mg/m2/day appears safe and tolerable as a 24–72-h infusion. Extending the infusion time to 72h appears to decrease the intensity of cough and odor compared to bolus 1–3 h infusion. The PD effect produced by PX-12 was apparent only in those patients with elevated plasma Trx-1 levels. Patients with elevated TRX-1 levels appear to have the best probability of having SD. Supported by ProlX Pharmaceuticals/Oncothyreon through an award from the NCI. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- R. K. Ramanathan
- Scottsdale Clinical Research Institute, Scottsdale, AZ; Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; US Oncology, Tyler, TX; US Oncology, Greenville, SC; Oncothyreon, Tucson, AZ
| | - T. Dragovich
- Scottsdale Clinical Research Institute, Scottsdale, AZ; Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; US Oncology, Tyler, TX; US Oncology, Greenville, SC; Oncothyreon, Tucson, AZ
| | - D. Richards
- Scottsdale Clinical Research Institute, Scottsdale, AZ; Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; US Oncology, Tyler, TX; US Oncology, Greenville, SC; Oncothyreon, Tucson, AZ
| | - J. Stephenson
- Scottsdale Clinical Research Institute, Scottsdale, AZ; Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; US Oncology, Tyler, TX; US Oncology, Greenville, SC; Oncothyreon, Tucson, AZ
| | - L. Pestano
- Scottsdale Clinical Research Institute, Scottsdale, AZ; Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; US Oncology, Tyler, TX; US Oncology, Greenville, SC; Oncothyreon, Tucson, AZ
| | - A. Hiscox
- Scottsdale Clinical Research Institute, Scottsdale, AZ; Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; US Oncology, Tyler, TX; US Oncology, Greenville, SC; Oncothyreon, Tucson, AZ
| | - R. Leos
- Scottsdale Clinical Research Institute, Scottsdale, AZ; Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; US Oncology, Tyler, TX; US Oncology, Greenville, SC; Oncothyreon, Tucson, AZ
| | - S. Chow
- Scottsdale Clinical Research Institute, Scottsdale, AZ; Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; US Oncology, Tyler, TX; US Oncology, Greenville, SC; Oncothyreon, Tucson, AZ
| | - J. Millard
- Scottsdale Clinical Research Institute, Scottsdale, AZ; Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; US Oncology, Tyler, TX; US Oncology, Greenville, SC; Oncothyreon, Tucson, AZ
| | - L. Kirkpatrick
- Scottsdale Clinical Research Institute, Scottsdale, AZ; Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ; US Oncology, Tyler, TX; US Oncology, Greenville, SC; Oncothyreon, Tucson, AZ
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Chow S, Ueno Y, Toyokawa M, Oohara I, Takeyama H. Preliminary analysis of length and GC content variation in the ribosomal first internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) of marine animals. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2009; 11:301-306. [PMID: 18937008 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-008-9153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 09/25/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Length and guanine-cytosine (GC) content of the ribosomal first internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) were compared across a wide variety of marine animal species, and its phylogenetic utility was investigated. From a total of 773 individuals representing 599 species, we only failed to amplify the ITS1 sequence from 87 individuals by polymerase chain reaction with universal ITS1 primers. No species was found to have an ITS1 region shorter than 100 bp. In general, the ITS1 sequences of vertebrates were longer (318 to 2,318 bp) and richer in GC content (56.8% to 78%) than those of invertebrates (117 to 1,613 bp and 35.8% to 71.3%, respectively). Specifically, gelatinous animals (Cnidaria and Ctenophora) were observed to have short ITS1 sequences (118 to 422 bp) with lower GC content (35.8% to 61.7%) than the other animal taxa. Mollusca and Crustacea were diverse groups with respect to ITS1 length, ranging from 108 to 1,118 and 182 to 1,613 bp, respectively. No universal relationship between length and GC content was observed. Our data indicated that ITS1 has a limited utility for phylogenetic analysis as obtaining confident sequence alignment was often impossible between different genera of the same family and even between congeneric species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chow
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Jackevicius CA, Page RL, Chow S, Dunn SP, Lee CR, Ng TMH, Rodgers JE, Vardeny O, Wiggins BS, Munger MA. High-Impact Articles Related to the Management of Heart Failure: 2008 Update. Pharmacotherapy 2009; 29:82-120. [DOI: 10.1592/phco.29.1.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Chow S, Pope JE, Mehta S. Lack of correlation of the health assessment questionnaire disability index with lung parameters in systemic sclerosis associated pulmonary arterial hypertension. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2008; 26:1012-1017. [PMID: 19210864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) affects the quality of life (QoL) and the ability to perform the activities of daily living (ADLs) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). We determined whether the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI), a self-assessment measure of function, correlates with a patient's PAH status in a population of SSc patients with PAH. METHODS Forty-one patients from one centre with systemic scleroderma, dyspnea and PAH were included. All patients filled in a HAQ-DI, and underwent evaluation with pulmonary function tests (PFTs), 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), degree of dyspnea (Borg dyspnea index), NYHA functional class, and expert PAH physician global assessment every 6 months. Change in HAQ DI was studied to determine relationship to changes in PAH. RESULTS The HAQ-DI scores had no significant correlation with PAH, including NYHA functional class (r=0.38, p=0.39), Borg dyspnea index (r=0.60, p=0.37), 6MWD (r=-0.04, p=0.86), % predicted DLCO (r=0.31, p=0.25), % predicted FVC (r=0.02, p=0.93), and expert PAH physician global assessment (r=0.06, p=0.97). CONCLUSION HAQ-DI is not an adequate measure of PAH status in SSc patients with PAH. Although PAH causes severe morbidity and death, changes in PAH severity were not reflected in an overall functional status change as assessed by the HAQ-DI. Thus, HAQ-DI changes do not reflect PAH status in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chow
- Departments of Rheumatology and Respirology, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
A number of fundamentally important biological processes, such as cell signaling and the initiation of mitosis, are accompanied by a change in intracellular pH. Flow cytometric measurement of pH is a generally straightforward procedure that can be done with any instrument equipped with a 488-nm argon laser. The overall approach is similar to that for calcium: generation of a calibration curve by imparting known changes in pH and interpolation of the test sample pH. This unit presents the traditional calibration method using high-potassium buffers and the proton ionophore nigericin and a more recently developed technique, the pseudo null method, which involves resuspension of cells in defined mixtures of weak acids and weak bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chow
- Ontario Cancer Institute and Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Krishnan A, Chow S, Thomas P, Glanville A, Yates D. 531: Longitudinal Analysis of Exhaled Breath Condensate Biomarkers after Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2007.11.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Liu J, Conrad DH, Chow S, Tran VH, Yates DH, Thomas PS. Collection devices influence the constituents of exhaled breath condensate. Eur Respir J 2008; 30:807-8. [PMID: 17906090 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00080207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Brufsky A, Chow S, Kapoor A, Bhargava R, Surti U, Rosenzweig M. Women with Her2 unamplified but chromosome 17 hyperploid metatstatic breast cancer (MBC) respond to traztuzumab. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.21051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
21051 Background: Guidelines for the interpretation of Her2 testing by FISH in determining therapy for Her2 positive metatstatic breast cancer generally suggest that only women with Her2 to chromosome 17 (CEP 17) amplification ratios of greater than 2.0 will benefit from traztuzumab. However, hyperploidy of chromosome 17 may lead to increased Her2 copy number despite a normal HER2/CEP 17 ratio, which may also predict response. We sought to examine hyperploid frequency in a well defined Her2 positive MBC population. We also sought to determine the time to progression (TTP) on first chemotherapy for MBC in such women, as well as their overall survival (OS) with MBC. Methods: A tissue mircoarray (TMA) with 3-fold redundancy was constructed using 0.6mm cores from primary or metatstatic paraffin embedded tumor from 124 cases which were Her2 2+ or 3+ by IHC, or amplified by FISH, on pathology report. Four micron thick TMA sections were used for HER2 IHC and HER2 FISH analysis. HER2/CEP 17 ratios of 2.0 or more was considered as amplification. If the tumor was 2+ or 3+ by IHC, greater than or equal to 3 signals for chromosome 17 were seen in a majority of cell nuclei, and the HER2/CEP17 ratio was less than 2.0, the tumor was considered hyperploid Her2 FISH negative. Results: Tissue blocks from 52 tumors delivered clearly interpretable amplification for Her2 by FISH. An additional 10 tumors (8%) were hyperploid, IHC positive (2+ or 3+), and FISH negative. Median survival (Kaplan-Meier) was 39 months (95% CI, 21–62) for women with hyperploid FISH negative tumors and 41 months (95% CI, 25–53) for women with FISH positive tumors (p=0.63, NS, Wilcoxon). Median time to progression (Kaplan-Meier) on first therapy for metastatic disease was 14 months (95% CI, 8–20) for hyperploid FISH negative tumors and 15 months (95% CI, 12–18) for women with FISH positive tumors (p=0.41, NS, Wilcoxon). Conclusions: In this analysis, women with hyperploid Her2 FISH negative IHC positive tumors had similar TTP and OS as women with Her2 FISH positive tumors. These women, although Her2 FISH negative, appeared to respond well to traztuzumab. These provocative results should be repeated on larger data sets. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Brufsky
- University of Pittsburgh, Magee Womens Hosp, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - S. Chow
- University of Pittsburgh, Magee Womens Hosp, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - A. Kapoor
- University of Pittsburgh, Magee Womens Hosp, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - R. Bhargava
- University of Pittsburgh, Magee Womens Hosp, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - U. Surti
- University of Pittsburgh, Magee Womens Hosp, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - M. Rosenzweig
- University of Pittsburgh, Magee Womens Hosp, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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Kapoor A, Chow S, Bhargava R, Surti U, Rosenzweig M, Vuga M, Brufsky A. Topoisomerase II-alpha (TOP2A) gene co-amplification does not predict response to therapy and survival in Her-2 neu positive metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.21108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
21108 Background: Preliminary data from a phase III trial of adjuvant traztuzumab (BCIRG, SABCS 2005, abstract 1045) suggested that co-amplification of the genes for HER2 and topisomerase II alpha (TOP2A) on chromosome 17 resulted in improved disease free survival with chemotherapy regimens containing both and anthracycline and traztuzumab. We sought to determine if co-amplification of HER2 and TOP2A was a predictor of response and benefit (or lack thereof) to herceptin containing chemotherapy in the metastatic setting, since few women receive both therapies concurrently for MBC. Methods: A tissue mircoarray (TMA) with 3-fold redundancy was constructed using 0.6mm cores from primary or metatstatic paraffin embedded tumor from 124 cases from Magee-Women's Hospital which were Her2 2+ or 3+ by IHC, or amplified by FISH, on pathology report. Four micron thick TMA sections were used for HER2 immunohistochemical (CB11 monoclonal antibody, Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ) and HER2 and TOP2A FISH analysis (HER2/CEP 17 and TOP2A/CEP 17 dual color probes from Vysis Inc. Downers Grove, IL). HER2 (or TOP2A) gene to chromosome 17 ratios of 2.0 or more was considered as amplification. Results: Tissue blocks from 52 tumors delivered clearly interpretable amplification for Her2 by FISH on reanalysis. The remaining 72 tumors are undergoing further reanalysis. Of the 52 tumors with Her2 amplification, 15 (29%) had co- amplification of TOP2A. Median survival was 44 months (95% CI, 31–69) for women with TOP2A coamplified tumors and 35 months (95% CI, 29- 63) for women with non-coamplified tumors (p=0.448, NS). Median time to progression on first therapy was 17 months (95% CI, 14–20) for women with TOP2A coamplified tumors and 15 months (95% CI, 12–17) for women with non-coamplified tumors (p=0.939, NS) Conclusions: In this analysis, TOP2A and HER2 gene co-amplification did not correlate with worse TTP on first metatstatic therapy or worse OS from metatstatic disease. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Kapoor
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - S. Chow
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - R. Bhargava
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - U. Surti
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - M. Rosenzweig
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - M. Vuga
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - A. Brufsky
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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Rizzo C, Fotino M, Zhang Y, Chow S, Spizuoco A, Sinha AA. Direct characterization of human T cells in pemphigus vulgaris reveals elevated autoantigen-specific Th2 activity in association with active disease. Clin Exp Dermatol 2005; 30:535-40. [PMID: 16045688 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2005.01836.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a blistering skin disorder mediated by autoantibodies targeting the epidermal adhesion molecule desmoglein 3 (Dsg3). As Th2-associated cytokines are necessary for directing antibody production, it is hypothesized that Dsg3-specific Th2 activity is associated with active disease. We used cell-surface-matrix technology in combination with flow cytometry to characterize the Dsg3-reactive T-cell population using peripheral blood mononucleocytes sampled from PV patients stratified by active (n = 9) or remittent disease (n = 6), and healthy human leucocyte antigen-matched controls (n = 5). We evaluated interferon-gamma-producing CD4+ cells (Th1) and interleukin (IL)-10- or IL-4-producing CD4+ cells (Th2). The mean frequency of Th2 CD4+ T cells was significantly elevated for five of nine PV patients with active disease. No significant Th2 responses were detected for patients with remittent disease or controls. There was a significant association of Th2 activity with active disease compared with remittent and control groups (P = 0.026 and P =0.012, respectively), and Th2 activity was significantly correlated with anti-Dsg3 IgG titre (P = 0.044). One patient with remittent disease converted from a Th2-negative to a Th2-positive response with the initiation of disease activity. An antigen-specific CD4- lymphocyte response was detected in five PV patients (36%), and was shown to correlate closely with the CD8+ population. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that Th2 response directs autoantibody production and is therefore associated with disease activity in PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rizzo
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Forrest G, Chow S. A Liver Transplant Recipient with an Infected Explanted Liver. Clin Infect Dis 2005. [DOI: 10.1086/426901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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