1
|
Mimura T, Matsumoto G, Natori T, Ikegami S, Uehara M, Oba H, Hatakenaka T, Kamanaka T, Miyaoka Y, Kurogochi D, Fukuzawa T, Koseki M, Kanai S, Takahashi J. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of surgical site infection after orthopaedic surgery: an interrupted time series analysis of the nationwide surveillance database in Japan. J Hosp Infect 2024; 146:160-165. [PMID: 37301228 PMCID: PMC10250054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, hygiene awareness was increased in communities and hospitals. However, there is controversy regarding whether such circumstances affected the incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs) in the orthopaedic surgical field. AIM To examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of SSIs after orthopaedic surgery. METHODS The medical records of patients having undergone orthopaedic surgery were extracted from the nationwide surveillance database in Japan. The primary outcomes were the monthly incidences of total SSIs, deep or organ/space SSIs, and SSIs due to meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Interrupted time series analysis was conducted between pre-pandemic (January 2017 to March 2020) and pandemic (April 2020 to June 2021) periods. RESULTS A total of 309,341 operations were included. Interrupted time series analysis adjusted for seasonality showed no significant changes in the incidence of total SSIs (rate ratio 0.94 and 95% confidence interval 0.98-1.02), deep or organ/space SSIs (0.91, 0.72-1.15), or SSIs due to MRSA (1.07, 0.68-1.68) along with no remarkable slope changes in any parameter (1.00, 0.98-1.02; 1.00, 0.97-1.02; and 0.98, 0.93-1.03, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Awareness and measures against the COVID-19 pandemic did not markedly influence the incidence of total SSIs, deep or organ/space SSIs, or SSIs due to MRSA following orthopaedic surgery in Japan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Mimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
| | - G Matsumoto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - T Natori
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Division of Infection Control, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - S Ikegami
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - M Uehara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - H Oba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - T Hatakenaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - T Kamanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Y Miyaoka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - D Kurogochi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - T Fukuzawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - M Koseki
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - S Kanai
- Division of Infection Control, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - J Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hayakawa K, Kanai S, Funatsu T, Igarashi J, Jinnai B, Borders WA, Ohno H, Fukami S. Nanosecond Random Telegraph Noise in In-Plane Magnetic Tunnel Junctions. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:117202. [PMID: 33798384 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.117202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We study the timescale of random telegraph noise (RTN) of nanomagnets in stochastic magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). From analytical and numerical calculations based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert and the Fokker-Planck equations, we reveal mechanisms governing the relaxation time of perpendicular easy-axis MTJs (p-MTJs) and in-plane easy-axis MTJs (i-MTJs), showing that i-MTJs can be made to have faster RTN. Superparamagnetic i-MTJs with small in-plane anisotropy and sizable perpendicular effective anisotropy show relaxation times down to 8 ns at negligible bias current, which is more than 5 orders of magnitude shorter than that of typical stochastic p-MTJs and about 100 times faster than the shortest time of i-MTJs reported so far. The findings give a new insight and foundation in developing stochastic MTJs for high-performance probabilistic computers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Hayakawa
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - S Kanai
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Division for the Establishment of Frontier Sciences, Organization for Advanced Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Center for Science and Innovation in Spintronics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - T Funatsu
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - J Igarashi
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - B Jinnai
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - W A Borders
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - H Ohno
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Center for Science and Innovation in Spintronics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Center for Innovative Integrated Electronic Systems, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
| | - S Fukami
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Center for Science and Innovation in Spintronics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Center for Innovative Integrated Electronic Systems, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Takahara N, Nakai Y, Saito K, Sato M, Ooyama H, Kanai S, Suzuki T, Sato T, Hakuta R, Ishigaki K, Takeda T, Mizuno S, Kogure H, Tada M, Koike K. Nomograms predicting survival of patients with advanced or recurrent biliary tract cancer receiving a first-line chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy282.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
4
|
Yoshida M, Nakashima M, Okanishi T, Kanai S, Fujimoto A, Itomi K, Morimoto M, Saitsu H, Kato M, Matsumoto N, Chiyonobu T. Identification of novel BCL11A variants in patients with epileptic encephalopathy: Expanding the phenotypic spectrum. Clin Genet 2017; 93:368-373. [PMID: 28589569 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BCL11A encodes a zinc finger protein that is highly expressed in hematopoietic tissues and the brain, and that is known to function as a transcriptional repressor of fetal hemoglobin (HbF). Recently, de novo variants in BCL11A have been reported in individuals with intellectual disability syndrome without epilepsy. In this study, we performed whole-exome sequencing of 302 patients with epileptic encephalopathies (EEs), and identified 2 novel BCL11A variants, c.577delC (p.His193Metfs*3) and c.2351A>C (p.Lys784Thr). Both the patients shared major physical features characteristic of BCL11A-related intellectual disability syndrome, suggesting that characteristic physical features and the persistence of HbF should lead clinicians to suspect EEs caused by BCL11A pathogenic variants. Patient 1, with a frameshift variant, presented with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, which expands the phenotypic spectrum of BCL11A haploinsufficiency. Patient 2, with a p.Lys784Thr variant, presented with West syndrome followed by drug-resistant focal seizures and more severe developmental disability. These 2 newly described patients contribute to delineating the associated, yet uncertain phenotypic characteristics of BCL11A disease-causing variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Yoshida
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - M Nakashima
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - T Okanishi
- Department of Child Neurology, Seirei-Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - S Kanai
- Department of Child Neurology, Seirei-Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - A Fujimoto
- Seirei-Hamamatsu General Hospital, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - K Itomi
- Department of Neurology, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Aichi, Japan
| | - M Morimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - H Saitsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - M Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - T Chiyonobu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ohkura N, Ando K, Takata Y, Kanai S, Ishibashi K, Taniguchi M, Tatefuji T, Atsumi GI. Positions of Hydroxyl Groups in Chrysin are Critical for Inhibiting Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Release from Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2017; 12:499-502. [PMID: 30520581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysin suppresses the TNFα-induced increase in the secretion of plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAl-1), a risk factor for thrombotic diseases, from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The present study aimed to determine the association between the location of the hydroxyl groups in chrysin.to levels of-PAI-1. in the medium of HUVEC stimulated with TNFα. We cultured HUVEC for 3 h in medium containing chrysin or various flavonoids and then stimulated them with TNFα (10 ng/mL) for 12 h. Levels of PAI-1 antigen measured using ELISA showed that chrysin significantly inhibited the PAl- I increase with an IC50 of 15.6 μM. The flavones, galangin, baicalein, 5-hydroxyflavone, 6-hydroxyflavone, 7-hydroxyflavone and quercetin did not significantly inhibit the PAI- increase. Apigenin and luteolin were cytotoxic and thus their ability to inhibit PAI production could not be evaluated. Chrysin also inhibited PAI- mRNA expression whereas the other compounds did not. Hydroxyl groups located in the A-5 and A-7 positions were essential for the inhibitoryactivity, which along with cytotoxicity, was significantly influenced by adding a third hydroxyl group.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ohkura N, Ando K, Takata Y, Kanai S, Ishibashi K, Taniguchi M, Tatefuji T, Atsumi GI. Positions of Hydroxyl Groups in Chrysin are Critical for Inhibiting Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Release from Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysin suppresses the TNFa-induced increase in the secretion of plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), a risk factor for thrombotic diseases, from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The present study aimed to determine the association between the location of the hydroxyl groups in chrysin to levels of PAI-1 in the medium of HUVEC stimulated with TNFα, We cultured HUVEC for 3 h in medium containing chrysin or various flavonoids and then stimulated them with TNFα (10 ng/mL) for 12 h. Levels of PAI-1 antigen measured using ELISA showed that chrysin significantly inhibited the PAI-1 increase with an IC50 of 15.6 μM. The flavones, galangin, baicalein, 5-hydroxyflavone, 6-hydroxyflavone, 7-hydroxyflavone and quercetin did not significantly inhibit the PAI-1 increase. Apigenin and luteolin were cytotoxic and thus their ability to inhibit PAI-1 production could not be evaluated. Chrysin also inhibited PAI-1 mRNA expression whereas the other compounds did not. Hydroxyl groups located in the A-5 and A-7 positions were essential for the inhibitory activity, which along with cytotoxicity, was significantly influenced by adding a third hydroxyl group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ohkura
- Molecular Physiology and Pathology, School of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ando
- Molecular Physiology and Pathology, School of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Yuko Takata
- Molecular Physiology and Pathology, School of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Shiho Kanai
- Molecular Physiology and Pathology, School of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ishibashi
- Molecular Physiology and Pathology, School of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Masahiko Taniguchi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Tomoki Tatefuji
- Institute for Bee Products and Health Science, Yamada Apiculture Center, Inc, 1281-1, Kagami, Kagamino, Tomata, Okayama, 708-0312, Japan
| | - Gen-ichi Atsumi
- Molecular Physiology and Pathology, School of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Ishihara K, Kanai S, Tanaka K, Kawashita E, Akiba S. Group IVA phospholipase A2 deficiency prevents CCl4-induced hepatic cell death through the enhancement of autophagy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 471:15-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
9
|
Kanai S, Ishihara K, Kawashita E, Tomoo T, Nagahira K, Hayashi Y, Akiba S. ASB14780, an Orally Active Inhibitor of Group IVA Phospholipase A2, Is a Pharmacotherapeutic Candidate for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 356:604-14. [PMID: 26699145 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.229906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that high-fat cholesterol diet (HFCD)-induced fatty liver and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic fibrosis are reduced in mice deficient in group IVA phospholipase A2 (IVA-PLA2), which plays a role in inflammation. We herein demonstrate the beneficial effects of ASB14780 (3-[1-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-3-(2-phenylethyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]propanoic acid 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol salt), an orally active IVA-PLA2 inhibitor, on the development of fatty liver and hepatic fibrosis in mice. The daily coadministration of ASB14780 markedly ameliorated liver injury and hepatic fibrosis following 6 weeks of treatment with CCl4. ASB14780 markedly attenuated the CCl4-induced expression of smooth muscle α-actin (α-SMA) protein and the mRNA expression of collagen 1a2, α-SMA, and transforming growth factor-β1 in the liver, and inhibited the expression of monocyte/macrophage markers, CD11b and monocyte chemotactic protein-1, while preventing the recruitment of monocytes/macrophages to the liver. Importantly, ASB14780 also reduced the development of fibrosis even in matured hepatic fibrosis. Additionally, ASB14780 also reduced HFCD-induced lipid deposition not only in the liver, but also in already established fatty liver. Furthermore, treatment with ASB14780 suppressed the HFCD-induced expression of lipogenic mRNAs. The present findings suggest that an IVA-PLA2 inhibitor, such as ASB14780, could be useful for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases, including fatty liver and hepatic fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Kanai
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, Japan (S.K., K.I., E.K., S.A.); and Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd., Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan (T.T., K.N., Y.H.)
| | - Keiichi Ishihara
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, Japan (S.K., K.I., E.K., S.A.); and Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd., Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan (T.T., K.N., Y.H.)
| | - Eri Kawashita
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, Japan (S.K., K.I., E.K., S.A.); and Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd., Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan (T.T., K.N., Y.H.)
| | - Toshiyuki Tomoo
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, Japan (S.K., K.I., E.K., S.A.); and Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd., Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan (T.T., K.N., Y.H.)
| | - Kazuhiro Nagahira
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, Japan (S.K., K.I., E.K., S.A.); and Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd., Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan (T.T., K.N., Y.H.)
| | - Yasuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, Japan (S.K., K.I., E.K., S.A.); and Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd., Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan (T.T., K.N., Y.H.)
| | - Satoshi Akiba
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, Japan (S.K., K.I., E.K., S.A.); and Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd., Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan (T.T., K.N., Y.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nattabi B, Kanai S, Ferguson-Hill S, Mosca D, Murphy M, Bailie R. P13.06 Knowledge translation: development of a sexual health clinical audit tool to enhance adherence to evidence-based guidelines. Br J Vener Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2015-052270.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
11
|
Ishihara K, Kanai S, Sago H, Yamakawa K, Akiba S. Comparative proteomic profiling reveals aberrant cell proliferation in the brain of embryonic Ts1Cje, a mouse model of Down syndrome. Neuroscience 2014; 281:1-15. [PMID: 25261685 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To identify molecular candidates involved in brain disabilities of Ts1Cje, a mouse model of Down syndrome (DS), we performed comparative proteomic analyses. Proteins extracted from the brains of postnatal wild-type (WT) and Ts1Cje mice were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). No differences were detected in the proteins expressed in the whole brain between WT and Ts1Cje mice at postnatal day 0 and 3months of age. Five spots with differential expression in the brains of Ts1Cje mice were detected by 2-DE of brain proteins from WT and Ts1Cje embryos at embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5). These differentially expressed proteins in Ts1Cje embryos were identified as calcyclin-binding protein (CACYBP), nucleoside diphosphate kinase-B (NDPK-B), transketolase (TK), pyruvate kinase (PK), and 60S acidic ribosomal protein P0 (RPLP0) by peptide mass fingerprinting. CACYBP and NDPK-B were involved in cell proliferation, whereas TK and PK were associated with energy metabolism. Experiments on cell proliferation, an in vivo bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeling experiment, and immunohistochemical analysis for phospho-histone H3 (an M-phase marker) demonstrated increased numbers of BrdU-positive and M-phase cells in the ganglionic eminence. Our findings suggest that the dysregulated expression of proteins demonstrated by comparative proteomic analysis could be a factor in increased cell proliferation, which may be associated with abnormalities in DS brain during embryonic life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Ishihara
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan; Laboratory for Neurogenetics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - S Kanai
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - H Sago
- Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - K Yamakawa
- Laboratory for Neurogenetics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Akiba
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ishihara K, Miyazaki A, Nabe T, Fushimi H, Iriyama N, Kanai S, Sato T, Uozumi N, Shimizu T, Akiba S. Group IVA phospholipase A
2
participates in the progression of hepatic fibrosis. FASEB J 2012; 26:4111-21. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-205625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Ishihara
- Department of Pathological BiochemistryKyoto Pharmaceutical UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Akira Miyazaki
- Department of Pathological BiochemistryKyoto Pharmaceutical UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Takeshi Nabe
- Department of PharmacologyKyoto Pharmaceutical UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Hideaki Fushimi
- Department of Pathological BiochemistryKyoto Pharmaceutical UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Nao Iriyama
- Department of Pathological BiochemistryKyoto Pharmaceutical UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Shiho Kanai
- Department of Pathological BiochemistryKyoto Pharmaceutical UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Takashi Sato
- Department of Pathological BiochemistryKyoto Pharmaceutical UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Naonori Uozumi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Satoshi Akiba
- Department of Pathological BiochemistryKyoto Pharmaceutical UniversityKyotoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ishihara K, Kuroda A, Sugihara K, Kanai S, Nabe T, Akiba S. Regulation of macrophage differentiation and polarization by group IVC phospholipase A2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 416:325-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
14
|
Ohkura N, Nakakuki Y, Taniguchi M, Kanai S, Nakayama A, Ohnishi K, Sakata T, Nohira T, Matsuda J, Baba K, Atsumi GI. Xanthoangelols isolated from Angelica keiskei inhibit inflammatory-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) production. Biofactors 2011; 37:455-61. [PMID: 22038782 DOI: 10.1002/biof.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The folk medicine Angelica keiskei (Ashitaba) exhibits antitumor, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities and it has recently attracted attention as a health food. Ashitaba is thought to have antithrombotic properties, but this has not yet been scientifically proven. The elevation of plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), an inhibitor of fibrinolysis results in a predisposition to the risk of thrombosis. The present study showed that Ashitaba exudates injected intraperitoneally and orally administered over long-term suppressed the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced PAI-1 increase in mouse plasma. We also found that xanthoangelol, xanthoangelols B and D, the components of Ashitaba exudates, significantly inhibited TNFα-induced PAI-1 production from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). These findings suggest that Ashitaba can decrease elevated PAI-1 production, and that daily consumption of Ashitaba product might maintain anticoagulant status by inhibiting elevations in PAI-1 under inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ohkura
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ishihara K, Tachibana K, Kuroda A, Terakawa A, Baba S, Kanai S, Akiba S. Triacylglycerol Deposition with Group IVC Phospholipase A2 Expression in Oleate- and Linoleate-Stimulated Huh-7 Hepatocytes. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:191-6. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Ishihara
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Kengo Tachibana
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Asuka Kuroda
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Ayano Terakawa
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Shinsuke Baba
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Shiho Kanai
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Satoshi Akiba
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ikeda S, Miura K, Yamamoto H, Mizunuma K, Gan HD, Endo M, Kanai S, Hayakawa J, Matsukura F, Ohno H. A perpendicular-anisotropy CoFeB-MgO magnetic tunnel junction. Nat Mater 2010; 9:721-4. [PMID: 20622862 DOI: 10.1038/nmat2804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 442] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with ferromagnetic electrodes possessing a perpendicular magnetic easy axis are of great interest as they have a potential for realizing next-generation high-density non-volatile memory and logic chips with high thermal stability and low critical current for current-induced magnetization switching. To attain perpendicular anisotropy, a number of material systems have been explored as electrodes, which include rare-earth/transition-metal alloys, L1(0)-ordered (Co, Fe)-Pt alloys and Co/(Pd, Pt) multilayers. However, none of them so far satisfy high thermal stability at reduced dimension, low-current current-induced magnetization switching and high tunnel magnetoresistance ratio all at the same time. Here, we use interfacial perpendicular anisotropy between the ferromagnetic electrodes and the tunnel barrier of the MTJ by employing the material combination of CoFeB-MgO, a system widely adopted to produce a giant tunnel magnetoresistance ratio in MTJs with in-plane anisotropy. This approach requires no material other than those used in conventional in-plane-anisotropy MTJs. The perpendicular MTJs consisting of Ta/CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB/Ta show a high tunnel magnetoresistance ratio, over 120%, high thermal stability at dimension as low as 40 nm diameter and a low switching current of 49 microA.
Collapse
|
17
|
Kanai S, Kitayama T, Yonezawa N, Sawano Y, Tanokura M, Nakano M. Disulfide linkage patterns of pig zona pellucida glycoproteins ZP3 and ZP4. Mol Reprod Dev 2008; 75:847-56. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
18
|
Yonezawa N, Kanai S, Nakano M. Structural significance of N-glycans of the zona pellucida on species-selective recognition of spermatozoa between pig and cattle. Soc Reprod Fertil Suppl 2007; 63:217-28. [PMID: 17566275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The zona pellucida that surrounds the mammalian oocyte plays a role in species-selective sperm-egg interactions. In the pig and cattle, the zona pellucida consists of ZPA, ZPB and ZPC. Sperm binding activity of porcine zona glycoproteins is conferred by tri- and tetra-antennary complex-type in cattle it is conferred by a high-mannose-type chain o f f ive mannose residues. Non-reducing terminal residues of these N-linked chains, beta-galactosyl residues in pig and alpha-mannosyl residues in cattle, are involved in the binding of zona glycoproteins to respective spermatozoa. The major N-linked chains of recombinant porcine ZPB expressed using the baculovirus-Sf9 cell expression system are pauci- and high-mannose-type chains that are different in structure to the major neutral N-linked chains of the porcine zona but similar to those of the bovine zona. The mixture of porcine ZPB/ZPC co-expressed in Sf9 cells binds to bovine sperm but not to porcine sperm, indicating an essential role of the N-linked chains in species-selective recognition of sperm in pig and cattle. Asn to Asp mutations at either of two of the N-glycosylation sites of ZPB, residue 203 or 220, significantly reduce the sperm-binding activity of the ZPB/ZPC mixture, while a similar mutation at Asn333 has no effect on binding. These results coincide with our previous report that tri- and tetra-antennary complex-type chains are localized at Asn220 in native porcine ZPB and suggest that the N-glycans located in the N-terminal half of the ZP domain of porcine ZPB are involved in sperm-zona binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Yonezawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kanai S, Ohkura K, Adu-Gyamfi JJ, Mohapatra PK, Nguyen NT, Saneoka H, Fujita K. Depression of sink activity precedes the inhibition of biomass production in tomato plants subjected to potassium deficiency stress. J Exp Bot 2007; 58:2917-28. [PMID: 17630289 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erm149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Tomato [Solanum lycopersicum (formerly Lycopersicon esculentum) L. cv. Momotarou] plants were grown hydroponically inside the greenhouse of Hiroshima University, Japan. The adverse effects of potassium (K) deficiency stress on the source-sink relationship during the early reproductive period was examined by withdrawing K from the rooting medium for a period of 21 d. Fruits and stem were the major sink organs for the carbon assimilates from the source. A simple non-destructive micro-morphometric technique was used to measure growth of these organs. The effect of K deficiency was studied on the apparent photosynthesis (source activity), leaf area, partitioning (13)C, sugar concentration, K content, and fruit and stem diameters of the plant. Compared with the control, K deficiency treatment severely decreased biomass of all organs. The treatment also depressed leaf photosynthesis and transport of (13)C assimilates, but the impact of stress on these activities became evident only after fruit and stem diameter expansions were down-regulated. These results suggested that K deficiency diminished sink activity in tomato plants prior to its effect on the source activity because of a direct effect on the water status of the former. The lack of demand in growth led to the accumulation of sugars in leaves and concomitant fall in photosynthetic activity. Since accumulation of K and sugars in the fruit was not affected, low K levels of the growing medium might not have affected the fruit quality. The micro-morphometric technique can be used as a reliable tool for monitoring K deficiency during fruiting of tomato. K deficiency directly hindered assimilate partitioning, and the symptoms were considered more detrimental compared with P deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kanai
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kitani K, Kanai S, Miyasaka K, Carrillo MC, Ivy GO. Dose-dependency of Life Span Prolongation of F344/DuCrj Rats Injected with (−)deprenyl. Biogerontology 2005; 6:297-302. [PMID: 16463106 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-005-4804-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2005] [Accepted: 08/20/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The effect of (-)deprenyl (D) on prolonging survival has previously been reported in different species of animals. In rats, three studies reported a positive effect, while one study reported a shortening of life spans. In the present study, we attempted to clarify past discrepancies in the results based on the speculation that there exists a certain effective dose range for this effect of the drug. F344/DuCrj rats of both sexes began to receive subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of D at the age of 18 months at a dose of 0.25 mg/kg/injection (inj.), 3 times a week. Control animals were given a vehicle (a saline solution). Average life spans of animals (days) were significantly increased in both male (895 +/- 109.7, n=30; 967.8 +/- 88.6, n=30, control vs. D treated, P<0.01, t-test) and female (924.7 +/- 132.2, n=38; 987.1 +/- 133.4, n=39, P<0.05) rats by 8.1% and 6.7%, respectively. We have previously reported that a dose of 0.5mg/kg/inj. (s.c.) significantly increased the life span of male F344 rats, while a dose of 1.0 mg/kg/inj. somewhat shortened the life span, although the difference was not statistically significant. The results of the present study coupled with our previous reports clearly indicate that a proper dose of D within a certain dose range can significantly increase the life span of animals of both sexes, but that a greater dose becomes less effective and may actually adversely affect the life span of rats. The presence of this effective dose range of D may explain discrepancies in the effect of D on life spans of animals previously reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Kitani
- National Institute for Longevity Sciences, 36-3, Gengo, Moriokacho, Obu-shi, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yonezawa N, Amari S, Takahashi K, Ikeda K, Imai FL, Kanai S, Kikuchi K, Nakano M. Participation of the nonreducing terminal beta-galactosyl residues of the neutral N-linked carbohydrate chains of porcine zona pellucida glycoproteins in sperm-egg binding. Mol Reprod Dev 2005; 70:222-7. [PMID: 15570618 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The zona pellucida (ZP) surrounding the mammalian oocyte is composed of three glycoprotein components (ZPA, ZPB, and ZPC). Mammalian sperm bind to carbohydrate chains of a ZP glycoprotein in the initial phase of fertilization. Sperm-ligand carbohydrate chains have been characterized in mouse, cow, and pig. In pigs, triantennary/tetraantennary neutral complex-type chains from ZPB/ZPC mixture possess stronger sperm-binding activity than those of biantennary chains (Kudo et al., 1998: Eur J Biochem 252:492-499). Most of these oligosaccharides have beta-galactosyl residues at the nonreducing ends. This study used two in vitro competition assays to investigate the participation of the nonreducing terminal beta-galactosyl residues of the ligand active chains in porcine sperm binding. The removal of the nonreducing terminal beta-galactosyl residues from either the ligand active carbohydrate chains or endo-beta-galactosidase-digested glycoproteins significantly reduced their inhibition of sperm-egg binding, indicating that the beta-galactosyl residues at the nonreducing ends are involved in porcine sperm-egg binding. A correlation between the sperm-binding activity and in vitro fertilization rate is also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Yonezawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 163-8522, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Iwasaki T, Inoue S, Tanaka K, Sato Y, Morikawa S, Hayasaka D, Moriyama M, Ono T, Kanai S, Yamada A, Kurata T. Characterization of Oita virus 296/1972 of Rhabdoviridae isolated from a horseshoe bat bearing characteristics of both lyssavirus and vesiculovirus. Arch Virol 2004; 149:1139-54. [PMID: 15168201 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-003-0271-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2003] [Accepted: 11/14/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Oita virus 296/1972 was isolated from the blood of a wild horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus cornutus (Temminck) in 1972. We investigated the pathogenicity of this virus in mice in relation to its histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characteristics and the entire sequence of nucleoprotein gene. This virus caused lethal encephalitis in mice through intracerebral route. This susceptibility of mice was until 3 weeks of age. Immunohistochemical analysis using the convalescent sera obtained from survived adult mice after intracerebral inoculation revealed that many neurons were positive in the cytoplasm, besides no cross reactivity with normal and rabies virus-infected mouse brain tissues to this anti-sera. Ultrastructural analysis disclosed many bullet-shaped and enveloped virions in neurons. These morphological characteristics of the virions are consistent of that of viruses in the family Rhabdoviridae. Budding from endoplasmic membrane suggests that this virus has a similarity with lyssaviruses. Molecular analysis of cDNA coding a tentative nucleoprotein sequence revealed homology with those of viruses in the family Rhabdoviridae. Distance matrix analysis of this gene sequence with those of other rhabdoviruses isolated from mammals disclosed the discrete position of this virus in the phylogenic tree of rhabdoviridae infecting mammals and we renamed this virus as Oita rhabdovirus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Iwasaki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Miyasaka K, Masuda M, Kanai S, Ohta M, Suzuki S, Tateishi K, Funakoshi A. Inhibitory effect of somatostatin on cholecystokinin release is independent of luminal cholecystokinin-releasing factor content in conscious rats. Pancreas 2001; 23:414-20. [PMID: 11668212 DOI: 10.1097/00006676-200111000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exclusion of bile-pancreatic juice from the intestine increases pancreatic secretion via cholecystokinin (CCK) release in conscious rats. Luminal CCK-releasing factor (LCRF), purified from rat intestinal secretions, is an intraluminal regulator of CCK secretion during bile-pancreatic juice diversion. AIMS Because somatostatin is a potent inhibitor of CCK release and pancreatic secretion, the inhibitory effect of somatostatin on LCRF was examined. METHODOLOGY Rats were prepared with bile and pancreatic cannulae and two duodenal cannulae and with an external jugular vein cannula. The experiments were conducted without anesthesia. After 1.5-hour basal collection of pancreatic juice with bile-pancreatic juice return, bile-pancreatic juice was diverted for 2 hours, during which time somatostatin (2, 10 nmol/kg/h) was infused intravenously. The rats were killed before and 1 and 2 hours after bile-pancreatic juice diversion. To examine the effect of luminal somatostatin, 50 or 200 nmol/kg/h of somatostatin was infused into the duodenum. The plasma CCK and luminal content of LCRF were measured by specific radioimmunoassays. RESULTS Bile-pancreatic juice diversion significantly increased pancreatic secretion, plasma CCK, and LCRF levels. Intravenous infusion of somatostatin inhibited CCK release and pancreatic secretion, but not LCRF content. Luminal administration of somatostatin did not show any effect. CONCLUSION Inhibitory effect of circulating somatostatin on CCK release and pancreatic secretion is independent of LCRF content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Miyasaka
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashiku, Tokyo-173-0015, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Niiya H, Kanda Y, Saito T, Ohnishi T, Kanai S, Kawano Y, Kamijo K, Iizuka A, Yakushijin K, Ueda K, Chizuka A, Iijima K, Ohnishi M, Nakai K, Makimoto A, Tanosaki R, Tobinai K, Wakasugi H, Takaue Y, Mineishi S. Early full donor myeloid chimerism after reduced-intensity stem cell transplantation using a combination of fludarabine and busulfan. Haematologica 2001; 86:1071-4. [PMID: 11602413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate lineage-specific chimerism reconstitution after reduced-intensity allogeneic stem cell transplantation (RIST) using a combination of fludarabine (30 mg/m2 for 6 days) and busulfan (4 mg/kg for 2 days). DESIGN AND METHODS We prospectively enrolled 8 consecutive patients with hematologic malignancies who were not candidates for conventional transplantation because of either high age or organ dysfunction. Host-donor chimerism was evaluated using polymerase chain reaction-based amplification of a polymorphic short tandem repeat region. RESULTS All of our patients achieved engraftment within a median of 11 days after transplantation. On day 30, full donor myeloid cell chimerism (>90%) was achieved in 7 patients whereas full donor T-cell chimerism was achieved in only one patient. Thus, in contrast to other reported results, full donor chimerism was achieved earlier in the myeloid lineage than the T-cell lineage. On day 60, however, T-cell chimerism caught up with myeloid chimerism. Two patients developed grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) before the detection of full donor T-cell chimerism. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the kinetics of lineage-specific chimerism depend on the agents used in the conditioning regimen, and may provide insight into the chimerism kinetics and pathogenesis of GVHD. Thus, the strategy for controlling immunosuppression after RIST should be modified according to the type of conditioning regimen applied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Niiya
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Unit, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Suzuki S, Takiguchi S, Sato N, Kanai S, Kawanami T, Yoshida Y, Miyasaka K, Takata Y, Funakoshi A, Noda T. Importance of CCK-A receptor for gallbladder contraction and pancreatic secretion: a study in CCK-A receptor knockout mice. Jpn J Physiol 2001; 51:585-90. [PMID: 11734079 DOI: 10.2170/jjphysiol.51.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Bile and pancreatic secretions were determined in a CCK-A receptor deficient mouse mutant generated by gene targeting in embryonic stem cells. The targeting vector contained lacZ and neo insertions in exon 2. Under the urethane anesthesia, the common bile duct was cannulated, and the mixture of bile-pancreatic juice was collected every 30 min. After the 1 h basal secretion, CCK-8 (0.5 and 1.0 nmol/kg), acetylcholine (500 nmol/kg), and neuromedin C (1.0 micromol/kg) were injected subcutaneously, and the secretions were collected following 1 h. Amylase and bile acid outputs were determined as parameters of pancreatic secretion and gallbladder contraction, respectively. In some CCK-A receptor (+/-) animals, LacZ staining was performed. CCK-8 significantly increased amylase and bile acid outputs in CCK-A receptor (+/+) and (+/-) mice, whereas no response was observed in (-/-) mice. Neuromedin C and acetylcholine increased amylase secretion in CCK-A receptor (-/-) mice similar to (+/-) and (+/+) mice. The same doses of neuromedin C and acetylcholine could not increase bile acid secretion. The gallbladder smooth muscles, pancreatic acinar cells, duct cells, and islets were stained by LacZ. CCK and CCK-A receptor are important for pancreatic secretion and gallbladder contraction. Neuromedin C and acetylcholine may compensate pancreatic function, but not gallbladder contraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015 Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Inoue Y, Takaue Y, Takei M, Kato K, Kanai S, Harada Y, Tobisu K, Noguchi M, Kakizoe T, Itoh K, Wakasugi H. Induction of tumor specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in prostate cancer using prostatic acid phosphatase derived HLA-A2402 binding peptide. J Urol 2001; 166:1508-13. [PMID: 11547122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human prostatic acid phosphatase is a prostate specific differentiation antigen. Prostatic acid phosphatase levels increase in the serum of patients with prostate cancer and its peptide from positions 299 to 307 (PAP 299-307) is recognized by HLA-A2 restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes. We investigated whether HLA-A2402 binding prostatic acid phosphatase derived peptides induce HLA-A2402 restricted, tumor specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peptide binding activity was measured with RMA-S-A*A2402 cell lines and flow cytometry. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with prostate cancer and healthy donors was measured by interferon-gamma and (51)creatinine release assays. Prostatic acid phosphatase expression in the tumor cell lines at the messenger RNA and protein levels was investigated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analysis, respectively. RESULTS An HLA-A2402 binding, prostatic acid phosphatase derived peptide consisting of the prostatic acid phosphatase amino acid sequence from positions 213 to 221 (PAP 213-221, LYCESVHNF) showed the ability to induce HLA-A2402 restricted and tumor specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which are cytoxic to prostatic acid phosphatase positive tumor cells from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS PAP 213-221 may be appropriate as a cancer vaccine for specific immunotherapy in patients with HLA-A2402 positive prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Inoue
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Urology, Transplantation Unit, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Watanabe Y, Mochizuki T, Shiozaki M, Kanai S, Kurakata S, Nishijima M. Synthesis of lipid A type pyran carboxylic acids with ether chains and their biological activities. Carbohydr Res 2001; 333:203-31. [PMID: 11448684 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(01)00134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of lipid A type pyran carboxylic acids having ether chains at both the C-3' and C-4 positions and their bioactivities toward human U937 cells are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Watanabe
- Exploratory Chemistry Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co. Ltd., Hiromachi 1-2-58, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Suenaga K, Kanda Y, Niiya H, Nakai K, Saito T, Saito A, Ohnishi M, Takeuchi T, Tanosaki R, Makimoto A, Miyawaki S, Ohnishi T, Kanai S, Tobinai K, Takaue Y, Mineishi S. Successful application of nonmyeloablative transplantation for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Exp Hematol 2001; 29:639-42. [PMID: 11376878 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(01)00632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder that manifests as hemolytic anemia, venous thrombosis, and deficient hematopoiesis. Although allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is considered the only curative therapeutic measure, transplant-related mortality is not negligible. Several studies supported the use of nonmyeloablative stem cell transplantation (NST) for patients of advanced age or with organ dysfunction. Hence, we used NST in a PNH patient who suffered from acute renal failure due to repeated episodes of hemolysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed NST using a conditioning regimen consisting of cladribine 0.11 mg/kg x 6, busulfan 4 mg/kg x 2, and rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin 2.5 mg/kg x 2. He received peripheral blood stem cells from his human leukocyte antigen-matched brother. Prophylaxis against graft-vs-host disease was performed with cyclosporine A alone. Chimerism of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was evaluated serially using short tandem repeat analysis and flow cytometry. RESULTS No meaningful regimen-related toxicities were documented. Donor chimerism of 90 to 100% was achieved on day 14 and thereafter. The patient is doing well, without any recurrence of hemolysis 6 months after transplant. Follow-up chimerism studies confirmed stable and functioning donor-type hematopoiesis. CONCLUSIONS NST may become a safe and curative approach in patients with PNH. Further studies are needed to establish the role of NST for treatment of PNH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Suenaga
- Stem Cell Transplant Unit, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Watanabe Y, Miura K, Shiozaki M, Kanai S, Kurakata S, Nishijima M. Synthesis of GLA-60 type pyran carboxylic acids with an alkyl chain instead of an ester chain as LPS-antagonists. Carbohydr Res 2001; 332:257-77. [PMID: 11376606 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(01)00055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of GLA-60 type pyran carboxylic acid analogues with an alkyl chain instead of an ester chain and their LPS-antagonist activity toward human U937 cells are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Watanabe
- Exploratory Chemistry Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co. Ltd., Hiromachi 1-2-58, Shinagawa-ku, 140-8710, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kitani K, Minami C, Maruyama W, Kanai S, Ivy GO, Carrillo MC. Common properties for propargylamines of enhancing superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the dopaminergic system in the rat: implications for the life prolonging effect of (-)deprenyl. J Neural Transm Suppl 2001:139-56. [PMID: 11205136 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6301-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
(-)Deprenyl has been reported to prolong the life span of different animal species. Further, the drug effectively increases antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in brain dopaminergic regions. We have found that the effect of the drug on antioxidant enzyme activities is highly dose dependent, increasing with an increasing dose, however, a higher dose becomes less effective and an excessive dose becomes adversely effective. Most importantly, an optimal dose for the effect varies widely depending on animal species, strain, sex, age and duration of the treatment, which may at least partly explain discrepancies reported among different studies in the past. From the parallelism of the dose-effect relationship of the drug between life span extension and increasing endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity, we have suggested that the above two effects of (-)deprenyl may be causally related. This review summarizes our past series of studies and also reports our very recent observation that other propargylamines such as rasagiline and (R)-N-(2-heptyl)-N-methylpropagylamine (R-2HMP) also share the property of enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities. Further, our most recent study has found that these propargylamines increase antioxidant enzyme activities not only in brain dopaminergic regions but in extra-brain dopaminergic tissues such as the heart and kidneys. These observations are discussed in relation to the life prolonging effect of (-)deprenyl reported in the past.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Kitani
- National Institute for Longevity Sciences, Obu, Aichi, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kitani K, Minami C, Yamamoto T, Maruyama W, Kanai S, Ivy GO, Carrillo MC. Do antioxidant strategies work against aging and age-associated disorders? Propargylamines: a possible antioxidant strategy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001; 928:248-60. [PMID: 11795516 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05654.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The free radical theory of aging was initially proposed by Harman half a century ago primarily to explain biological aging processes. Although administration of so-called antioxidant chemicals, which have been tested in the past for several decades, turned out to be mostly ineffective in prolonging the life spans of animals, the same theory of age-associated diseases appears to be increasingly supported in the last two decades. Despite these difficulties, the success in extending life span of 4 different animal species (mice, rats, hamsters, and dogs) with (-)deprenyl (including a study of our group) indicates that there might exist another type of antioxidant strategy in addition to a simple administration of antioxidant chemicals. (-)Deprenyl has also been shown to increase superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities selectively in brain dopaminergic tissues. Interestingly, we have recently shown that another propargylamine, rasagiline not only increases antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT and SOD) in brain dopaminergic regions as (-)deprenyl does, but also increases CAT and SOD activities in extrabrain catecholaminergic systems such as the heart and kidneys as well. These recent observations coupled with previous observations on the life span of animals with (-)deprenyl suggest that pharmacological modulation of endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities could be one potential antioxidant strategy against aging and age-associated disorders. If the causal relationship between the two effects of (-)deprenyl exists as we hypothesized, we might be able to advance the elucidation of mechanism(s) of aging based on the free radical theory of aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Kitani
- National Institute for Longevity Sciences, Obu, Aichi, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Carrillo MC, Kanai S, Kitani K, Ivy GO. A high dose of long term treatment with deprenyl loses its effect on antioxidant enzyme activities as well as on survivals of Fischer-344 rats. Life Sci 2000; 67:2539-48. [PMID: 11104356 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(00)00838-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The survival rate of male Fischer-344/Du rats treated chronically with high doses of deprenyl was investigated. Eighteen month old rats were treated with 1 mg/kg s.c. deprenyl 3 times per week for 13 months. At the age of 31 months, treated rats showed a greater mortality rate with three of 12 rats surviving, while in saline-treated control animals seven of 12 animals survived. No significant differences in superoxide dismutase (SOD) or catalase (CAT) activities in brain regions of control and treated animals were seen at 31 months of age. In contrast, when 27 month old rats were treated in the same manner for one month, significant increases in SOD (both Cu,Zn- and Mn-) and CAT activities were found in substantia nigra, striatum and cerebral cortex, but not in hippocampus. This effect was produced with a wide range of deprenyl doses (0.25-2 mg/kg, but not 4 mg/kg). Although a causal relationship between the two different effects of the drug, i.e. 1) increases in antioxidant enzyme activities and 2) the prolongation of survival of animals, has not been directly demonstrated, the loss of both effects with the high dose of the drug in the present experiment may be taken as circumstantial evidence for their causal relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Carrillo
- Institute De Fisiologia, Experimental, Universidad Nacional De Rosario, Republica Argentina
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Miyasaka K, Kanai S, Ohta M, Jimi A, Kono A, Funakoshi A. Overexpression of cholecystokinin-B/gastrin receptor gene in the stomach of naturally occurring cholecystokinin-A receptor gene knockout rats. Digestion 2000; 59:26-32. [PMID: 9468095 DOI: 10.1159/000007463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We examined the cholecystokinin (CCK)-B/gastrin receptor, H+/K+-ATPase and somatostatin gene expression, the histology and immunohistochemistry of gastrin and somatostatin of the stomach, plasma gastrin levels, and gastric acid secretion in naturally occurring CCK-A receptor gene knockout (Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty, OLETF) rats. The CCK-B/ gastrin receptor, H+/K+-ATPase and somatostatin mRNAs were determined by Northern transfer analysis. The gastric acid secretion and the plasma gastrin level were measured in vivo. The levels of CCK-B/gastrin receptor mRNA in the forestomach and the glandular stomach in OLETF rats were 2-fold higher than those of control rats, although those of H+/ K+-ATPase and somatostatin mRNAs were not different. Histological examination revealed thickening of the fundic mucosa, and hyperplasia and hypertrophy of parietal cells, although immunohistochemistry of gastrin and somatostatin revealed no significant difference from the control rats. Gastric acid secretion stimulated by gastrin or histamine was enhanced, whereas the fasting plasma gastrin level was not significantly different from that in control rats. The overexpression of CCK-B/gastrin receptor mRNA and the hyperfunction of parietal cells were observed in rats without CCK-A receptor gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Miyasaka
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Eguchi T, Kanai S, Kakinuma K, Okazaki T, Mizoue K. Synthesis of NG-061 and its analogs, and their biological evaluation as an enhancer of nerve growth factor. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2000; 48:1470-3. [PMID: 11045453 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.48.1470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel potentiator of nerve growth factor (NGF), NG-061, which had been isolated from the fermentation broth of Penicillium minioluteum F-4627, was synthesized from methoxybenzoquinone and phenylacetylhydrazine in a single step. A series of acyl hydrazone derivatives were also synthesized and their potentiator activity of neurotrophic effect of NGF on neurite outgrowth was evaluated by assay with a rat pheochromocytoma cell line PC12.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Eguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ichikawa M, Kanai S, Ichimaru Y, Funakoshi A, Miyasaka K. The diurnal rhythm of energy expenditure differs between obese and glucose-intolerant rats and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Nutr 2000; 130:2562-7. [PMID: 11015490 DOI: 10.1093/jn/130.10.2562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats were developed as a model of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) with mild obesity. Changes in carcass composition and in the daily profile of energy expenditure were examined before and after manifestation of diabetes (8 and 24 wk, respectively), and compared with the normal control Long Evans Tokushima (LETO) rats and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic LETO rats. OLETF rats had greater body weights than LETO rats and significantly greater absolute and relative fat weights. A diurnal rhythm of energy expenditure associated with two peaks was observed in LETO rats, but the two peaks were not apparent in OLETF rats at 24 wk of age. A diurnal rhythm associated with one peak was observed in STZ-induced diabetic LETO rats. Energy derived from fat constituted this peak; the pattern of the daily energy expenditure was significantly different from that of either nontreated LETO or OLETF rats at 24 wk of age. NIDDM in OLETF rats at 24 wk of age has only a small role in modification of the diurnal rhythm of energy expenditure, whereas STZ-induced diabetes significantly affected the rhythm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ichikawa
- Department of Nutrition, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo-173-0015, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kobayashi Y, Ishikawa T, Hirayama J, Daiyasu H, Kanai S, Toh H, Fukuda I, Tsujimura T, Terada N, Kamei Y, Yuba S, Iwai S, Todo T. Molecular analysis of zebrafish photolyase/cryptochrome family: two types of cryptochromes present in zebrafish. Genes Cells 2000; 5:725-38. [PMID: 10971654 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2443.2000.00364.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryptochromes (CRY), members of the DNA photolyase/cryptochrome protein family, regulate the circadian clock in animals and plants. Two types of animal CRYs are known, mammalian CRY and Drosophila CRY. Both CRYs participate in the regulation of circadian rhythm, but they have different light dependencies for their reactions and have different effects on the negative feedback loop which generates a circadian oscillation of gene expression. Mammalian CRYs act as a potent inhibitor of transcriptional activator whose reactions do not depend on light, but Drosophila CRY functions as a light-dependent suppressor of transcriptional inhibitor. RESULTS We cloned seven zebrafish genes that carry members of the DNA photolyase/cryptochrome protein family; one (6-4)photolyase and six cry genes. A sequence analysis and determination of their in vitro functions showed that these zebrafish cry genes constitute two groups. One has a high sequence similarity to mammalian cry genes and inhibits CLOCK:BMAL1 mediated transcription. The other, which has a higher sequence similarity to the Drosophila cry gene rather than the mammalian cry genes, does not carry transcription inhibitor activity. The expressions of these cry genes oscillate in a circadian manner, but their patterns differ. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that functionally diverse cry genes are present in zebrafish and each gene has different role in the molecular clock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Kobayashi
- Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyoku, Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ohta M, Kanai S, Sato Y, Masuda M, Takahashi T, Jimi A, Funakoshi A, Miyasaka K. Mechanism of delayed gastric emptying in naturally occurring CCK-A receptor gene knockout (OLETF) rats. Jpn J Physiol 2000; 50:443-8. [PMID: 11082543 DOI: 10.2170/jjphysiol.50.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We recently found a specific strain of rats (OLETF rats) in which CCK-A receptor gene expression is lacking because of a genetic abnormality. As delayed gastric emptying has been reported in this strain, we examined its mechanism. A liquid gastric load containing phenol red was administered using an orogastric tube into the stomach in OLETF and control (LETO) rats. The stomach was removed 0, 15, 30 and 45 min after meal ingestion and the content of phenol red was measured to estimate the rate of gastric emptying. Pretreatment of reserpine enhanced gastric emptying in both strains. A tenfold dose of reserpine was required in OLETF rats to induce a similar effect to LETO rats. The plasma noradrenalin level was significantly higher in OLETF than LETO rats. When the smooth muscle of the stomach was isolated and contraction in vitro was examined, the smooth muscle functions were not deteriorated in OLETF rats. The thickness of muscle determined by hematoxylin-eosin staining was not different between strains. It is suggested that the delayed gastric emptying in OLETF rats may be due to increased sympathetic nerve function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ohta
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015 Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Carrillo MC, Minami C, Kitani K, Maruyama W, Ohashi K, Yamamoto T, Naoi M, Kanai S, Youdim MB. Enhancing effect of rasagiline on superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the dopaminergic system in the rat. Life Sci 2000; 67:577-85. [PMID: 10993123 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(00)00643-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Rasagiline [N-propargyl-l(R)-aminoindan] is a selective irreversible MAO-B inhibitor as is (-)deprenyl. The effect of the drug on antioxidant enzyme activities on dopaminergic tissue was examined in male F-344 rats (8.5-months-old). Two experimental groups were infused subcutaneously with rasagiline saline solutions by means of osmotic minipumps implanted subcutaneously in the back of the rats. Control animals were also similarly implanted with saline filled mini-pumps. Three-and-one-half weeks later, animals were sacrificed and selected tissue samples removed from brain, kidney and heart. Two doses of rasagiline (0.5 mg/kg/day, 1.0 mg/kg/day, both for 3.5 weeks) significantly increased catalase activities about 2-fold in substantia nigra and striatum but not in hippocampus. Interestingly, in both renal cortex and medulla. catalase (CAT) activities were significantly increased. Both Mn- and Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were increased 2 to 4 fold in substantia nigra, striatum and renal cortex and heart. Several groups, including our own have reported an extension of survival of deprenyl-treated animals of different species. Although the mechanism(s) of the life extension by deprenyl remains unresolved, it would be interesting to investigate the effect of rasagiline on the survival of animals, since deprenyl also was shown to increase antioxidant enzyme activities in brain dopaminergic regions.
Collapse
|
39
|
Kawanami T, Funakoshi A, Suzuki S, Kanai S, Sato Y, Miyasaka K. Oral administration of a synthetic trypsin inhibitor increases pancreatic duct function in CCK-A receptor-deficient rats. Pancreas 2000; 20:394-400. [PMID: 10824695 DOI: 10.1097/00006676-200005000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The effects of oral administration of a synthetic trypsin inhibitor on bicarbonate secretion were examined in cholecystokinin A (CCK-A) receptor-deficient (OLETF) rats and compared with Wistar rats. Rats were fed chow containing 0.1% trypsin inhibitor for 7 days. Rats were prepared with cannulae draining bile and pancreatic juice separately and with duodenal and extrajugular vein cannulae after 3-day trypsin inhibitor ingestion. Then the animals were maintained in Bollman cages, and the experiments were conducted 4 days after surgery. After 1.5 h of basal secretion with bile-pancreatic juice return, bile-pancreatic juice was diverted for 2 h. The responses of bicarbonate secretion to bile-pancreatic juice diversion were significantly enhanced in rats treated with trypsin inhibitor compared with those given a control diet, whereas responses of fluid and protein secretion were not affected in OLETF rats. The response of protein secretion, but not those of fluid or bicarbonate secretion, was enhanced in Wistar rats by treatment with trypsin inhibitor. Carbonic anhydrase II gene expression was increased by 7-day treatment with trypsin inhibitor only in OLETF rats, and not in Wistar rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Kawanami
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kanai S, Masuda M, Suzuki S, Ohta M, Yoshida Y, Funakoshi A, Miyasaka K. Inhibitory effect of central calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP) on pancreatic secretion in conscious rats. Jpn J Physiol 2000; 50:243-8. [PMID: 10880881 DOI: 10.2170/jjphysiol.50.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of central administration of calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP) on pancreatic secretion stimulated by bile-pancreatic juice diversion was determined in conscious rats. Rats were prepared with separate cannulae for draining bile and pancreatic juice and with a duodenal cannula and an extrajugular vein cannula. In addition, another cannula was stereotactically implanted into the left lateral cerebral ventricle. Rats were placed in restraint cages and experiments were conducted 4 d after the operation without anesthesia. An injection of CGRP (1 nmol/10 microl) into the left lateral cerebral ventricle (i.c.v.) inhibited pancreatic secretion as well as cholecystokinin (CCK) release induced by bile-pancreatic juice diversion. Intravenous infusion of alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist, phentolamine and propranolol did not reverse the inhibition of pancreatic secretion. Intravenous infusion of CGRP did not affect pancreatic secretion or plasma CCK concentrations. The inhibitory action of central CGRP (i. c.v.) on pancreatic secretion and CCK release stimulated by bile-pancreatic juice diversion is partially mediated by an alpha-adrenergic mechanism, although its precise mechanism has not been elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kanai
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015 Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mochizuki T, Iwano Y, Shiozaki M, Kurakata S, Kanai S, Nishijima M. Synthesis and biological activities of lipid A-type pyrancarboxylic acid derivatives. Carbohydr Res 2000; 324:225-30. [PMID: 10744331 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(99)00326-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of lipid A-type pyrancarboxylic acid derivatives, which have a carboxylic acid group in the anomeric position of the reducing part of the disaccharide instead of the phosphate group in lipid A, is described. One of the compounds thus synthesized, which has an acyl substitution pattern similar to that of Escherichia coli lipid A, showed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-agonistic activity. The other, which contains four lipid chains in the molecule, exhibited strong LPS-antagonistic activity toward human monoblastic U937 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Mochizuki
- Exploratory Chemistry Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hayashi H, Sato Y, Kanai S, Masuda M, Ohta M, Funakoshi A, Nagao K, Imaizumi K, Miyasaka K. Lymphatic lipid transport is not impaired in ageing rat intestine. Mech Ageing Dev 2000; 113:219-25. [PMID: 10714940 DOI: 10.1016/s0047-6374(99)00110-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lymphatic lipid transport in the intestine of adult and ageing rats was compared. Adult (8-10 months old) and old (24-26 months old) male Wistar rats were cannulated into the mesenteric lymph under ethrane anesthesia. On the following day, lipid emulsion containing 35.4 mg/h of olive oil was infused intraduodenally for 7 h and lymph collected hourly was assayed for triglyceride and apolipoprotein A-IV (apo A-IV). The results showed there was no difference in lymphatic lipid and apo A-IV transport between adult and old rats. Since apo A-IV synthesis in the enterocytes is linked to the intracellular assembly of lipoprotein, it is likely that in addition to lymphatic transport, production of chylomicrons is not impaired in ageing rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Hayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yokohama Red Cross Hospital, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
The basal exocrine secretion of the pancreas is maintained at a constant level in conscious rats. We examined the changes in basal secretion with respect to the effect of various time periods of pancreatic duct occlusion (PDL). Male Wistar rats were prepared with cannulae that separately drained bile and pancreatic juice as well as with a duodenal cannula. Rats were placed in restraint cages, and experiments were conducted without anesthesia 4 days after the operation. Cholecystokinin (CCK) release was artificially prevented by the continuous infusion of bile with trypsin into the duodenal lumen throughout the experimental period to avoid the modification of pancreatic response by CCK. After 2-h basal collection, a pancreatic secretion was interrupted for 0.5-4 h, and then the collection of pancreatic juice was initiated again for an additional 2-4.5 h. The pancreatic secretion after the reopening of the 0.5-to 3-h PDL was comparable to basal secretion levels. However, protein secretion was significantly inhibited after the removal of 4-h PDL. Both vagotomy and capsaicin treatment abolished this inhibition, and the protein secretion after 1-h PDL in vagotomized rats increased 1.5-fold high compared with the basal value. These observations indicate that protein secretion was ceased during PDL via vagal nerve, and this may be a self-protective mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Akiyama H, Kanai S, Hirano M, Shimokawa H, Katano H, Mukai C, Nagaoka S, Morita S, Kumei Y. Expression of PDGF-beta receptor, EGF receptor, and receptor adaptor protein Shc in rat osteoblasts during spaceflight. Mol Cell Biochem 1999; 202:63-71. [PMID: 10705996 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007097511914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have indicated that microgravity induces osteopenia and modulates functions of mammalian cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects of microgravity are still unknown. Rat osteoblasts were cultured for 4 and 5 days during Shuttle-Spacelab flight, and fixed by guanidine isothiocyanate solution on board after treatment with 1alpha, 25 (OH)2 vitamin D3. The mRNA levels for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-beta receptor, epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, the growth factor receptor adaptor protein Shc, and c-fos were determined using the method of quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The mRNA levels for EGF receptor were not altered by microgravity. However, the mRNA levels for PDGF-beta receptor, Shc, and c-fos were decreased to 62, 55 and 25% on the 4th day of flight, and 47, 40, and 43% on the 5th day, respectively, as compared to the corresponding ground controls. Expression of the growth factor receptor and the receptor adaptor protein was modulated in rat osteoblasts during spaceflight. Data suggest that signal transduction via growth factor receptors in rat osteoblasts is impaired by microgravity. Dysfunction of osteoblasts might be involved in spaceflight-induced osteopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Akiyama
- Biological Sciences Department, Toray Research Center Inc., Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kawanami T, Suzuki S, Yoshida Y, Kanai S, Takata Y, Shimazoe T, Watanabe S, Funakoshi A, Miyasaka K. Different effects of trypsin inhibitors on intestinal gene expression of secretin and on pancreatic bicarbonate secretion in CCK-A-receptor-deficient rats. Jpn J Pharmacol 1999; 81:339-45. [PMID: 10669038 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.81.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The effects of oral administration of two synthetic trypsin inhibitors (camostate and ONO-3403) and soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) on cholecystokinin (CCK), secretin gene expression and pancreatic secretion were examined in CCK-A-receptor-deficient (OLETF) rats. The rats were fed chow containing 0.1% trypsin inhibitors for 7 days. To examine pancreatic secretion, the rats were prepared with cannulae to drain the bile and pancreatic juice separately, a duodenal cannula and an external jugular vein cannula. The animals were maintained in Bollman cages and the experiments were conducted 4 days after surgery. The levels of CCK mRNA were significantly increased by each treatment. The levels of secretin mRNA were significantly increased by camostate and SBTI, but not by ONO-3403. Bicarbonate secretion was significantly increased in rats treated with camostate and ONO-3403, but not SBTI, while protein secretion was not affected by any treatment. These observations suggest that increased bicarbonate secretion produced by synthetic trypsin inhibitors in CCK-A-receptor-deficient rats may not be due to secretin but due to ONO-3403 in the circulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Kawanami
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kitani K, Kanai S, Ivy GO, Carrillo MC. Pharmacological modifications of endogenous antioxidant enzymes with special reference to the effects of deprenyl: a possible antioxidant strategy. Mech Ageing Dev 1999; 111:211-21. [PMID: 10656538 DOI: 10.1016/s0047-6374(99)00065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Limited information is available on the upregulation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes by means of administering various pharmaceuticals and/or chemicals. It has been reported that ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a bile acid originally identified from black bear bile (a Chinese medicine, Yutan) increased glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in mouse livers, resulting in a decrease in systemic lethal toxicity of orally challenged 1-2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (DCNB). Also, ursolic acid found in herbal medicines (e.g. leaves of loquat) was reported to increase catalase (CAT) activities in mouse liver. Interestingly, the chemical structures of these two compounds are surprisingly similar to each other, despite the difference in their original sources. These results suggest that in the future, more and more compounds will be found to have effects on increasing endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities. Deprenyl is a monoamine oxidase B inhibitor but also possesses many other different pharmacological activities. Among these various pharmacological effects of deprenyl, a possible causal relationship between two effects of deprenyl, namely the prolongation of the survival of animals and upregulation of antioxidant enzymes in selective brain regions, has been postulated by the authors. In at least four different animal species (rats, mice, hamsters and dogs), a significant prolongation of survival by chronic administration of the drug has been reported by different groups including that of the authors. This group has reported that repeated administration of the drug for 2-3 weeks can significantly increase activities of both types of superoxide dismutase (SODs) (Cu, Zn-, and Mn-SODs) as well as of CAT selectively in brain dopaminergic regions. Both effects are dose dependent but excessive dosages become less effective and even cause an adverse effect (i.e. a decrease in enzyme activities and shortening of life span). The parallelism of the dose-effect relationship between the two phenomena suggests that modification of SOD and CAT levels is one possible mechanism for deprenyl's ability to prolong the life span of animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Kitani
- National Institute for Longevity Sciences, Aichi, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Miyasaka K, Suzuki S, Kanai S, Masuda M, Funakoshi A. Role of CCK-A receptor in the regulation of pancreatic bicarbonate secretion in conscious rats: a study in naturally occurring CCK-A receptor gene knockout rats. Pancreas 1999; 19:217-23. [PMID: 10505751 DOI: 10.1097/00006676-199910000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Whether cholecystokinin (CCK) has a direct action on duct cells and the role of CCK-A receptor in bicarbonate secretion were examined by comparing the results obtained from OLETF (CCK-A receptor-deficient rats) and control (LETO) rats. Rats were prepared with cannulae for draining bile and pancreatic juice separately, with two duodenal cannulae and an external jugular vein cannula. The experiments were conducted without anesthesia. The responses of bicarbonate secretion to intravenous infusion of CCK, acetyl-beta-methylcholine (Ach), and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG), and to intraduodenal infusion of HCl and a liquid meal were examined. To examine the synergistic effect between CCK and secretin, the effect of CCK during a background secretin infusion was examined in LETO rats. CCK did not stimulate bicarbonate secretion in either strain, nor in LETO rats with secretin infusion. When gastric acid secretion was prevented by administration of omeprazole, Ach did not increase bicarbonate secretion, but 2DG did in both strains. Intraduodenal infusion of HCI and a liquid meal significantly increased bicarbonate secretion in both strains; however, the responses were much less in OLETF than LETO rats. In conclusion, intravenous injection of CCK did not stimulate bicarbonate secretion, and the lack of CCK-A receptor decreased bicarbonate secretion in response to luminal stimulants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Miyasaka
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Miyasaka K, Shinozaki H, Suzuki S, Sato Y, Kanai S, Masuda M, Jimi A, Nagata A, Matsui T, Noda T, Kono A, Funakoshi A. Disruption of cholecystokinin (CCK)-B receptor gene did not modify bile or pancreatic secretion or pancreatic growth: a study in CCK-B receptor gene knockout mice. Pancreas 1999; 19:114-8. [PMID: 10438156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic exocrine function and bile secretion were examined in cholecystokinin (CCK)-B receptor gene-targeted mice and compared among different genotypes [i.e., CCK-B receptor gene: (+/+), wild-type; (+/-), heterozygous; and (-/-), homozygous deficient]. The histology and protein concentrations in the pancreas also were examined. Amylase release from the dispersed acini was examined in vitro by using the various doses of CCK-8, carbachol, and secretin. In vivo, the bile and pancreatic juice were collected, and the concentrations of amylase and bile acid were measured in anesthetized mice. The responses to CCK (100 pmol/kg) or acetyl-beta-methylcholine (500 nmol/kg) were examined. In vitro studies showed that the maximal effective concentrations of CCK-8 (10(-l0) M), carbachol (10(-5) M), and secretin (5 x 10(-7) M) were comparable for all genotypes. Fluid, amylase, and bile acid outputs in vivo also were comparable for all genotypes. Pancreatic wet weight and protein concentrations were not significantly different, and no abnormal findings were observed on histologic examination in any genotype. These results indicated that the CCK-B receptor has no role in pancreatic growth, exocrine secretion, or bile secretion in adult mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Miyasaka
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Most living organisms can synthesize isosinate from 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate in the de novo purine biosynthesis pathway, which is basically composed of 10 reaction steps. Phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase (GARS) catalyzes the second step of the pathway. We found that the enzyme shows weak, but significant, sequence similarity to phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase 2 (GART2) and the ATPase domain of phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase (AIRCA), which catalyze the third and sixth steps of the pathway, respectively. In addition, the three enzymes were similar in amino acid sequence to biotin carboxylase (BC) and carbamoylphosphate synthetase (CPS), which are the members of the GS ADP-forming family. This family has been identified through a tertiary structure comparison and includes glutathione synthetase, d-alanine:d-alanine ligase, BC, succinyl-CoA synthetase beta-chain, and phosphoribosylaminoimidazole-succinocarboxamide synthase. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on a multiple alignment of GARS, GART2, AIRCA, BC, and CPS suggests that GART2 is more closely related to AIRCA than to GARS among the three enzymes from the pathway, though the three enzymes are relatively close to each other within the GS ADP-forming family. Moreover, the analysis showed that archaeal GARS had diverged before the speciation between bacteria and eucarya.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kanai
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biomolecular Engineering Research Institute, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874 Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
We describe a novel mechanism of site-specific recombination in the unicellular marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC7002. The specific recombination sites on the smallest plasmid pAQ1 were localized by studying the properties of pAQ1-derived shuttle-vectors. We found that a palindromic element, the core sequence of which is G(G/A)CGATCGCC, functions as a resolution site for site-specific plasmid recombination. Furthermore, site-directed mutagenesis analysis of the element show that the site-specific recombination in the cyanobacterium requires sequence specificity, symmetry in the core sequence and, in part, the spacing between the elements. Interestingly, this element is over-represented not only in pAQ1 and in the genome of the cyanobacterium, but also in the accumulated cyanobacterial sequences from Synechococcus sp. PCC6301, PCC7942, vulcanus and Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 within GenBank and EMBL databases. Thus, these findings strongly suggest that the site-specific recombination mechanism based on the palindromic element should be common in these cyanobacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Akiyama
- Biological Sciences Department, Toray Research Center, Inc., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|