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Monge S, Latasa Zamalloa P, Sierra Moros MJ, Pérez Olaso O, García San Miguel L, Varela C, Rivera Ariza S, Vázquez Torres MC, Olmedo Lucerón MDC, González Yuste P, Soler Crespo P, Segura Del Pozo J, Gullón P, Carrasco JM, Martínez Sánchez EV, Redondo Bravo L, Pichiule Castañeda M, Purriños Hermida MJ, Hervada Vidal X, Huerta Gonzalez I, Margolles M, Vanaclocha Luna H, Ramalle Gómara E, Pérez Martín JJ, Chirlaque López MD, López Fernández MJ, Lorusso N, Carmona Ubago A, Rivas Perez A, Ramos Marin V, Criado Alvarez JJ, Castrillejo Pérez D, Góméz Anés AA, Frontera M, Macias Rodriguez P, Álvarez León EE, Díaz Casañas M, Lopaz Perez MA, Alonso Pérez de Ágreda JP, Navas Gutierrez P, Rosell Aguilar I, Arteagoitia Axpe JM, Gonzalez Carril F, Aparicio Azcárraga P, Simón Soria F, Suarez Rodríguez B. Lifting COVID-19 mitigation measures in Spain (May-June 2020). Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) 2023; 41:11-17. [PMID: 36621243 PMCID: PMC9817760 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2021.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The state of alarm was declared in Spain due to the COVID-19 epidemic on March 14, 2020, and established population confinement measures. The objective is to describe the process of lifting these mitigation measures. METHODS The Plan for the Transition to a New Normality, approved on April 28, contained four sequential phases with progressive increase in socio-economic activities and population mobility. In parallel, a new strategy for early diagnosis, surveillance and control was implemented. A bilateral decision mechanism was established between the Spanish Government and the autonomous communities (AC), guided by a set of qualitative and quantitative indicators capturing the epidemiological situation and core capacities. The territorial units were established ad-hoc and could be from Basic Health Zones to entire AC. RESULTS The process run from May 4 to June 21, 2020. AC implemented plans for reinforcement of core capacities. Incidence decreased from a median (50% of territories) of 7.4 per 100,000 in 7 days at the beginning to 2.5 at the end. Median PCR testing increased from 53% to 89% of suspected cases and PCR total capacity from 4.5 to 9.8 per 1000 inhabitants weekly; positivity rate decreased from 3.5% to 1.8%. Median proportion of cases with traced contacts increased from 82% to 100%. CONCLUSION Systematic data collection, analysis, and interterritorial dialogue allowed adequate process control. The epidemiological situation improved but, mostly, the process entailed a great reinforcement of core response capacities nation-wide, under common criteria. Maintaining and further reinforcing capacities remained crucial for responding to future waves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Carmen Varela
- National Centre of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pedro Gullón
- APLICA Investigación y Traslación Soc Coop Mad, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xurxo Hervada Vidal
- General Directorate of Public Health, Autonomous Community of Galicia, Spain
| | | | - Mario Margolles
- General Directorate of Public Health, Principality of Asturias, Spain
| | | | - Enrique Ramalle Gómara
- General Directorate of Public Health, Consumption and Care, Autonomous Community of La Rioja, Spain
| | - Jaime Jesús Pérez Martín
- General Directorate of Public Health and Addictions, IMIB-Arrixaca. Murcia University, Region of Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Nicola Lorusso
- General Directorate of Public Health and Pharmacy, Autonomous Community of Andalusia, Spain
| | - Alberto Carmona Ubago
- General Directorate of Public Health and Pharmacy, Autonomous Community of Andalusia, Spain
| | | | | | - Juan José Criado Alvarez
- Health Sciences Institute of Castile-La Mancha, Autonomous Community of Castile-La Mancha, Spain
| | | | - Atanasio A Góméz Anés
- General Directorate of Public Health and Consumption, Autonomous City of Melilla, Spain
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Rivera Ariza S, Guzmán Herrador B, García Gomez M, Suarez Rodríguez B, Molina Romera G, Monge Corella S, Simón Soria F, Sierra Moros MJ. [COVID-19 outbreaks in occupational settings in Spain, one year of follow-up (June 2020-June 2021).]. Rev Esp Salud Publica 2021; 95:e202110180. [PMID: 34675178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 outbreak surveillance in Spain was established with the main objective of characterizing outbreaks and the settings in which they occurred, in order to identify those population groups at highest risk to support them with the implementation of preventive and control measures. Between June 2020 and June 2021, 55,824 outbreaks were reported, with 414,882 cases in all settings. About 12.5% were reported in an occupational setting and within this, most of them were identified in the industry and building sectors. The outbreaks that had a greater impact were those that took place both in agriculture and in the meat industry, where there is a higher risk of exposure due to living and working conditions. Outbreaks in the catering and home care sectors were also frequent. Since the beginning, there was coordination between all stakeholders involved in the management of the pandemic, in order to implement prevention and control measures, as well as social protection measures. In addition, special actions were implemented in the most vulnerable sectors. Despite the work carried out, the presence of outbreaks in these sectors continues, although they are smaller than the previous pandemic phase. Due to this, there is needed to continue strengthening the inter-sectoral coordination structures and mechanisms to ensure the implementation of those measures that contribute to the containment of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rivera Ariza
- Centro de Coordinación de Alertas y Emergencias Sanitarias. Dirección General de Salud Pública. Ministerio de Sanidad. Madrid. España
| | - Bernardo Guzmán Herrador
- Centro de Coordinación de Alertas y Emergencias Sanitarias. Dirección General de Salud Pública. Ministerio de Sanidad. Madrid. España
| | - Montserrat García Gomez
- Subdirección General de Sanidad Ambiental y Salud Laboral. Dirección General de Salud Pública. Ministerio de Sanidad. Madrid. España
| | - Berta Suarez Rodríguez
- Centro de Coordinación de Alertas y Emergencias Sanitarias. Dirección General de Salud Pública. Ministerio de Sanidad. Madrid. España
| | - Germán Molina Romera
- Centro de Coordinación de Alertas y Emergencias Sanitarias. Dirección General de Salud Pública. Ministerio de Sanidad. Madrid. España
| | - Susana Monge Corella
- Centro de Coordinación de Alertas y Emergencias Sanitarias. Dirección General de Salud Pública. Ministerio de Sanidad. Madrid. España
| | - Fernando Simón Soria
- Centro de Coordinación de Alertas y Emergencias Sanitarias. Dirección General de Salud Pública. Ministerio de Sanidad. Madrid. España
| | - Maria José Sierra Moros
- Centro de Coordinación de Alertas y Emergencias Sanitarias. Dirección General de Salud Pública. Ministerio de Sanidad. Madrid. España
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Monge S, Zamalloa PL, Moros MJS, Olaso OP, Miguel LGS, Varela C, Ariza SR, Torres MCV, Lucerón MDCO, Yuste PG, Crespo PS, Pozo JSD, Gullón P, Carrasco JM, Sánchez EVM, Bravo LR, Castañeda MP, Hermida MJP, Vidal XH, Gonzalez IH, Margolles M, Luna HV, Gómara ER, Martín JJP, López MDC, Fernández MJL, Lorusso N, Ubago AC, Perez AR, Marin VR, Alvarez JJC, Pérez DC, Anés AAG, Frontera M, Rodriguez PM, León EEÁ, Casañas MD, Perez MAL, Ágreda JPAPD, Gutierrez PN, Aguilar IR, Axpe JMA, Carril FG, Azcárraga PA, Soria FS, Rodríguez BS. Lifting COVID-19 mitigation measures in Spain (May-June 2020). Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2021; 41:S0213-005X(21)00195-6. [PMID: 34274154 PMCID: PMC9791371 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The state of alarm was declared in Spain due to the COVID-19 epidemic on March 14, 2020, and established population confinement measures. The objective is to describe the process of lifting these mitigation measures. METHODS The Plan for the Transition to a New Normality, approved on April 28, contained four sequential phases with progressive increase in socio-economic activities and population mobility. In parallel, a new strategy for early diagnosis, surveillance and control was implemented. A bilateral decision mechanism was established between the Spanish Government and the autonomous communities (AC), guided by a set of qualitative and quantitative indicators capturing the epidemiological situation and core capacities. The territorial units were established ad-hoc and could be from Basic Health Zones to entire AC. RESULTS The process run from May 4 to June 21, 2020. AC implemented plans for reinforcement of core capacities. Incidence decreased from a median (50% of territories) of 7.4 per 100,000 in 7 days at the beginning to 2.5 at the end. Median PCR testing increased from 53% to 89% of suspected cases and PCR total capacity from 4.5 to 9.8 per 1000 inhabitants weekly; positivity rate decreased from 3.5% to 1.8%. Median proportion of cases with traced contacts increased from 82% to 100%. CONCLUSION Systematic data collection, analysis, and interterritorial dialogue allowed adequate process control. The epidemiological situation improved but, mostly, the process entailed a great reinforcement of core response capacities nation-wide, under common criteria. Maintaining and further reinforcing capacities remained crucial for responding to future waves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Carmen Varela
- National Centre of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pedro Gullón
- APLICA Investigación y Traslación Soc Coop Mad, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xurxo Hervada Vidal
- General Directorate of Public Health, Autonomous Community of Galicia, Spain
| | | | - Mario Margolles
- General Directorate of Public Health, Principality of Asturias, Spain
| | | | - Enrique Ramalle Gómara
- General Directorate of Public Health, Consumption and Care, Autonomous Community of La Rioja, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Nicola Lorusso
- General Directorate of Public Health and Pharmacy, Autonomous Community of Andalusia, Spain
| | - Alberto Carmona Ubago
- General Directorate of Public Health and Pharmacy, Autonomous Community of Andalusia, Spain
| | | | | | - Juan José Criado Alvarez
- Health Sciences Institute of Castile-La Mancha, Autonomous Community of Castile-La Mancha, Spain
| | | | - Atanasio A Góméz Anés
- General Directorate of Public Health and Consumption, Autonomous City of Melilla, Spain
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Bardón Iglesias MDR, Cámara Díez E, Rivera Ariza S, Gandarillas Grande A, Ordobás Gavín M, Fúster Lorán F. Vigilancia y control de los efectos de las olas de calor en la salud en la Comunidad de Madrid 2019. REMASP 2019. [DOI: 10.36300/remasp.2019.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
El Plan de Vigilancia y Control de los Efectos de las Olas de Calor en la Comunidad de Madrid, vigente desde 2004, establece un umbral de alerta por ola de calor a partir del cual se estima que se produce un impacto en la salud de la población en términos de aumento significativo de la mortalidad. Este Plan preventivo, activa la alerta cuando se prevé superar los 36,5ºC en el día en curso o en cualquiera de los cuatro días siguientes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mª del Rocío Bardón Iglesias
- Área de Vigilancia de Riesgos Ambientales en Salud. Subdirección General de Sanidad Ambiental. Dirección General de Salud Pública. Consejería de Sanidad. Comunidad de Madrid
| | - Enrique Cámara Díez
- Área de Vigilancia de Riesgos Ambientales en Salud. Subdirección General de Sanidad Ambiental. Dirección General de Salud Pública. Consejería de Sanidad. Comunidad de Madrid
| | - Silvia Rivera Ariza
- Servicio de Alertas en Salud Pública. Subdirección General de Epidemiología. Dirección General de Salud Pública. Consejería de Sanidad. Comunidad de Madrid
| | - Ana Gandarillas Grande
- Servicio de Epidemiología. Subdirección General de Epidemiología. Dirección General de Salud Pública. Consejería de Sanidad. Comunidad de Madrid
| | - María Ordobás Gavín
- Servicio de Epidemiología. Subdirección General de Epidemiología. Dirección General de Salud Pública. Consejería de Sanidad. Comunidad de Madrid
| | - Fernando Fúster Lorán
- Área de Vigilancia de Riesgos Ambientales en Salud. Subdirección General de Sanidad Ambiental. Dirección General de Salud Pública. Consejería de Sanidad. Comunidad de Madrid
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