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Cole WR, Brockway JA, Fann JR, Ahrens AP, Hurst S, Hart T, Vuletic S, Bush N, Bell KR. Expressions of emotional distress in active duty military personnel with mild traumatic brain injury: A qualitative content analysis. Military Psychology 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/08995605.2018.1503022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley R. Cole
- Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, GDHS, Intrepid Spirit, Fort Bragg, North Carolina
| | - Jo Ann Brockway
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jesse R. Fann
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Angelica P. Ahrens
- Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, GDHS, Intrepid Spirit, Fort Bragg, North Carolina
| | - Samantha Hurst
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Tessa Hart
- Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Simona Vuletic
- National Center for Telehealth and Technology (T2), Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington
| | - Nigel Bush
- National Center for Telehealth and Technology (T2), Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington
- Psychological Health Center of Excellence, Defense Health Agency, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington
| | - Kathleen R. Bell
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
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Zhang M, Zhai X, Li J, Albers JJ, Vuletic S, Ren G. Structural basis of the lipid transfer mechanism of phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP). Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:1082-1094. [PMID: 29883800 PMCID: PMC6114099 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) mediates the transfer of phospholipids among atheroprotective high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and atherogenic low-density lipoproteins (LDL) by an unknown mechanism. Delineating this mechanism would represent the first step towards understanding PLTP-mediated lipid transfers, which may be important for treating lipoprotein abnormalities and cardiovascular disease. Here, using various electron microscopy techniques, PLTP is revealed to have a banana-shaped structure similar to cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). We provide evidence that PLTP penetrates into the HDL and LDL surfaces, respectively, and then forms a ternary complex with HDL and LDL. Insights into the interaction of PLTP with lipoproteins at the molecular level provide a basis to understand the PLTP-dependent lipid transfer mechanisms for dyslipidemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Xiaobo Zhai
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Jinping Li
- Department of Biomedical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31404, United States
| | - John J Albers
- Northwest Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes Research Laboratories, Seattle, WA 98109, United States
| | - Simona Vuletic
- Northwest Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes Research Laboratories, Seattle, WA 98109, United States.
| | - Gang Ren
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States.
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Pruitt LD, Vuletic S, Smolenski DJ, Wagner A, Luxton DD, Gahm GA. Predicting post treatment client satisfaction between behavioural activation for depression delivered either in-person or via home-based telehealth. J Telemed Telecare 2018; 25:460-467. [DOI: 10.1177/1357633x18784103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Treatment engagement, adherence, cancellations and other patient-centric data are important predictors of treatment outcome. But often these data are only examined retrospectively. In this investigation, we analysed data from a clinical trial focused on innovative delivery of depression treatment to identify which patients are likely to prefer either in-home or in-person treatment based on pre-treatment characteristics. Methods Patient satisfaction was assessed in a trial of individuals with depression treated using identical behavioural activation therapy protocols in person or through videoconferencing to the home ( N = 87 at post treatment: 42 in-person and 45 in-home participants). The Client Satisfaction Questionnaire was administered at the end of the treatment. A Tobit regression model was used to assess moderation using treatment assignment. Regression lines were generated to model treatment satisfaction as a function of treatment assignment and to identify whether and where the groups intersected. We examined the distributions of the contributing moderators to the subsets of participants above and below the intersection point to identify differences. Results While no significant differences in patient satisfaction were observed between the two groups, or between patients receiving treatment by different providers, baseline characteristics of the sample could be used to differentiate those with a preference for traditional, in-office care from those preferring in-home care. Discussion Participants who were more likely to prefer in-home care were characterized by larger proportions of veterans and lower-ranked enlisted service members. They also had more severe symptoms at baseline and less formal education. Understanding client reactions when selecting treatment modality may allow for a more satisfying patient experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry D Pruitt
- Psychological Health Center of Excellence, Defense Health Agency, Silver Springs, USA
| | - Simona Vuletic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA
| | - Derek J Smolenski
- Psychological Health Center of Excellence, Defense Health Agency, Silver Springs, USA
| | - Amy Wagner
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, USA
| | - David D Luxton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA
- National Center for Telehealth & Technology (T2), Joint Base Lewis-McChord, WA, USA
| | - Gregory A Gahm
- National Center for Telehealth & Technology (T2), Joint Base Lewis-McChord, WA, USA
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Smolenski DJ, Pruitt LD, Vuletic S, Luxton DD, Gahm G. Unobserved heterogeneity in response to treatment for depression through videoconference. Psychiatr Rehabil J 2017; 40:303-308. [PMID: 28604014 DOI: 10.1037/prj0000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined treatment response heterogeneity in a recent randomized controlled trial of treatment for depression using videoconferencing technology compared to traditional in-office care. METHOD Growth mixture modeling was used to identify subgroups of individuals in the trial based on treatment response trajectories. Demographic and baseline characteristics were included to identify correlates of subgroup membership. RESULTS There were two subgroups based on the trajectories of the Beck Hopelessness Scale. The first subgroup had less symptom severity at baseline, and there was no meaningful difference between the two treatment modalities in change over time. The second subgroup had higher symptom severity at baseline, and individuals who engaged in treatment through the videoconference modality had less symptom improvement than those who underwent the in-office modality. Older participants with higher loneliness and anxiety scores at baseline were more likely to be in the second group. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Treatment of depression using videoconferencing to deliver care to an individual's home offers opportunities for improved access to services, especially among those who are unwilling or unable to seek in-person treatment. However, videoconferencing may not be appropriate for everyone. An individual's symptom level, age, and comorbidities are important clinical considerations when selecting an appropriate treatment modality. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Dong W, Gong H, Zhang G, Vuletic S, Albers J, Zhang J, Liang H, Sui Y, Zheng J. Lipoprotein lipase and phospholipid transfer protein overexpression in human glioma cells and their effect on cell growth, apoptosis, and migration. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:62-73. [PMID: 27864281 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is one of the common tumors in brain. The expression level of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) or phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) may influence glioma progression and its relationship with clinical and pathological parameters. The clinical significance of LPL or PLTP expression in glioma has not been established. In the present study, the LPL and PLTP levels in glioma tumors were investigated and the relationship between the LPL and PLTP level and the grade of malignant glioma was analyzed, with the aim to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of gliomas in clinical and basic research settings. LPL and PLTP mRNA and protein levels were significantly higher in Grade IV glioma than those in the lower grade tumors (P < 0.01). Double immunofluorescent staining showed that the levels of LPL and PLTP were significantly associated with the pathological grade of glioma (P = 0.005). The levels of LPL and PLTP were increased with the shortened survival of glioma patients (P < 0.001). Knockdown of LPL and PLTP led to decreased cell growth and migration but increased apoptosis in vitro Additionally, cell cycle-related cyclins and their partners were found to be down-regulated while cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p16, p21, and Rb were up-regulated. Furthermore, knockdown of LPL or PLTP resulted in the up-regulation of pro-apoptotic molecules and the down-regulation of anti-apoptotic molecules. Ablation of LPL or PLTP in U251 cells resulted in the down-regulation of epithelial mesenchymal transition markers and invasion molecules matrix metalloproteinases. LPL and PLTP appear to be novel glioma-associated proteins and play a role in the progression of human glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijiang Dong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Huilin Gong
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Guanjun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Simona Vuletic
- Northwest Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes Research Laboratories, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98109 WA
| | - John Albers
- Northwest Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes Research Laboratories, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98109 WA
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hua Liang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yanxia Sui
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jin Zheng
- Hospital of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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Kim DS, Burt AA, Ranchalis JE, Vuletic S, Vaisar T, Li WF, Rosenthal EA, Dong W, Eintracht JF, Motulsky AG, Brunzell JD, Albers JJ, Furlong CE, Jarvik GP. PLTP activity inversely correlates with CAAD: effects of PON1 enzyme activity and genetic variants on PLTP activity. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1351-62. [PMID: 26009633 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p058032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have failed to demonstrate a causal cardioprotective effect of HDL cholesterol levels, shifting focus to the functional aspects of HDL. Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) is an HDL-associated protein involved in reverse cholesterol transport. This study sought to determine the genetic and nongenetic predictors of plasma PLTP activity (PLTPa), and separately, to determine whether PLTPa predicted carotid artery disease (CAAD). PLTPa was measured in 1,115 European ancestry participants from a case-control study of CAAD. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to elucidate the relationship between PLTPa and CAAD. Separately, a stepwise linear regression determined the nongenetic clinical and laboratory characteristics that best predicted PLTPa. A final stepwise regression considering both nongenetic and genetic variables identified the combination of covariates that explained maximal PLTPa variance. PLTPa was significantly associated with CAAD (7.90 × 10(-9)), with a 9% decrease in odds of CAAD per 1 unit increase in PLTPa (odds ratio = 0.91). Triglyceride levels (P = 0.0042), diabetes (P = 7.28 × 10(-5)), paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity (P = 0.019), statin use (P = 0.026), PLTP SNP rs4810479 (P = 6.38 × 10(-7)), and PCIF1 SNP rs181914932 (P = 0.041) were all significantly associated with PLTPa. PLTPa is significantly inversely correlated with CAAD. Furthermore, we report a novel association between PLTPa and PON1 activity, a known predictor of CAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Seung Kim
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA
| | - Amber A Burt
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Jane E Ranchalis
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Simona Vuletic
- Northwest Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes Research Laboratories, Seattle, WA Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Wan-Fen Li
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Elisabeth A Rosenthal
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Weijiang Dong
- Northwest Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes Research Laboratories, Seattle, WA Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA Department of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jason F Eintracht
- Department of General Medicine, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Arno G Motulsky
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - John D Brunzell
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - John J Albers
- Northwest Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes Research Laboratories, Seattle, WA Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Clement E Furlong
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
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Gong H, Dong W, Rostad SW, Marcovina SM, Albers JJ, Brunzell JD, Vuletic S. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is associated with neurite pathology and its levels are markedly reduced in the dentate gyrus of Alzheimer's disease brains. J Histochem Cytochem 2013; 61:857-68. [PMID: 24004859 PMCID: PMC3840745 DOI: 10.1369/0022155413505601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is involved in regulation of fatty acid metabolism, and facilitates cellular uptake of lipoproteins, lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins. We evaluated LPL distribution in healthy and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain tissue and its relative levels in cerebrospinal fluid. LPL immunostaining is widely present in different neuronal subgroups, microglia, astrocytes and oligodendroglia throughout cerebrum, cerebellum and spinal cord. LPL immunoreactivity is also present in leptomeninges, small blood vessels, choroid plexus and ependymal cells, Schwann cells associated with cranial nerves, and in anterior and posterior pituitary. In vitro studies have shown presence of secreted LPL in conditioned media of human cortical neuronal cell line (HCN2) and neuroblastoma cells (SK-N-SH), but not in media of cultured primary human astrocytes. LPL was present in cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of neuronal cells and astrocytes in vitro. LPL immunoreactivity strongly associates with AD-related pathology, staining diffuse plaques, dystrophic and swollen neurites, possible Hirano bodies and activated glial cells. We observed no staining associated with neurofibrillary tangles or granulovacuolar degeneration. Granule cells of the dentate gyrus and the associated synaptic network showed significantly reduced staining in AD compared to control tissue. LPL was also reduced in AD CSF samples relative to those in controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Gong
- Northwest Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes Research Laboratories, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (HG, WD, SMM, JJA, SV)
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Vuletic S, Dong W, Wolfbauer G, Tang C, Albers JJ. PLTP regulates STAT3 and NFκB in differentiated THP1 cells and human monocyte-derived macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta 2011; 1813:1917-24. [PMID: 21782857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) plays an important role in regulation of inflammation. Previously published studies have shown that PLTP binds, transfers and neutralizes bacterial lipopolysaccharides. In the current study we tested the hypothesis that PLTP can also regulate anti-inflammatory pathways in macrophages. Incubation of macrophage-like differentiated THP1 cells and human monocyte-derived macrophages with wild-type PLTP in the presence or absence of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) or interferon gamma (IFNγ) significantly increased nuclear levels of active signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, pSTAT3(Tyr705) (p<0.01). Similar results were obtained in the presence of a PLTP mutant without lipid transfer activity (PLTP(M159E)), suggesting that PLTP-mediated lipid transfer is not required for activation of the STAT3 pathway. Inhibition of ABCA1 by chemical inhibitor, glyburide, as well as ABCA1 RNA inhibition, reversed the observed PLTP-mediated activation of STAT3. In addition, PLTP reduced nuclear levels of active nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB) p65 and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in conditioned media of differentiated THP1 cells and human monocyte-derived macrophages. Our data suggest that PLTP has anti-inflammatory capabilities in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vuletic
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Albers JJ, Vuletic S, Cheung MC. Role of plasma phospholipid transfer protein in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1821:345-57. [PMID: 21736953 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological role of PLTP has greatly increased since the discovery of PLTP more than a quarter of century ago. A comprehensive review of PLTP is presented on the following topics: PLTP gene organization and structure; PLTP transfer properties; different forms of PLTP; characteristics of plasma PLTP complexes; relationship of plasma PLTP activity, mass and specific activity with lipoprotein and metabolic factors; role of PLTP in lipoprotein metabolism; PLTP and reverse cholesterol transport; insights from studies of PLTP variants; insights of PLTP from animal studies; PLTP and atherosclerosis; PLTP and signal transduction; PLTP in the brain; and PLTP in human disease. PLTP's central role in lipoprotein metabolism and lipid transport in the vascular compartment has been firmly established. However, more studies are needed to further delineate PLTP's functions in specific tissues, such as the lung, brain and adipose tissue. Furthermore, the specific role that PLTP plays in human diseases, such as atherosclerosis, cancer, or neurodegenerative disease, remains to be clarified. Exciting directions for future research include evaluation of PLTP's physiological relevance in intracellular lipid metabolism and signal transduction, which undoubtedly will advance our knowledge of PLTP functions in health and disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Advances in High Density Lipoprotein Formation and Metabolism: A Tribute to John F. Oram (1945-2010).
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Albers
- Northwest Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes Research Laboratories, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 401 Queen Anne Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Albers JJ, Day JR, Wolfbauer G, Kennedy H, Vuletic S, Cheung MC. Impact of site-specific N-glycosylation on cellular secretion, activity and specific activity of the plasma phospholipid transfer protein. Biochim Biophys Acta 2011; 1814:908-11. [PMID: 21515415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) plays a key role in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. It has six potential N-glycosylation sites. To study the impact of these sites on PLTP secretion and activity, six variants containing serine to alanine point mutations were prepared by site-directed mutagenesis and expressed in Chinese hamster ovary Flp-In cells. The apparent size of each of the six PLTP mutants was slightly less than that of wild type by Western blot, indicating that all six sites are glycosylated or utilized. The size of the carbohydrate at each N-glycosylation site ranged from 3.14 to 4.2kDa. The effect of site-specific N-glycosylation removal on PLTP secretion varied from a modest enhancement (15% and 60%), or essentially no effect, to a reduction in secretion (8%, 14% and 32%). Removal of N-glycosylation at any one of the six glycosylation sites resulted in a significant 35-78% decrease in PLTP activity, and a significant 29-80% decrease in PLTP specific activity compared to wild type. These data indicate that although no single N-linked carbohydrate chain is a requirement for secretion or activity, the removal of the carbohydrate chains had a quantitative impact on cellular secretion of PLTP and its phospholipid transfer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Albers
- Northwest Lipid Metrobolism and Diabetes Research Laboratories, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109-4517, USA.
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Abstract
Tau function is regulated by phosphorylation, and abnormal tau phosphorylation in neurons is one of the key processes associated with development of Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. In this study we provide evidence that phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP), one of the main lipid transfer proteins in the brain, significantly reduces levels of phosphorylated tau and increases levels of the inactive form of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3 beta) in HCN2 cells. Furthermore, inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) reversed the PLTP-induced increase in levels of GSK3 beta phosphorylated at serine 9 (pGSK3 beta(Ser9)) and partially reversed the PLTP-induced reduction in tau phosphorylation. We provide evidence that the PLTP-induced changes are not due to activation of Disabled-1 (Dab1), insofar as PLTP reduced levels of total and phosphorylated Dab1 in HCN2 cells. We have also shown that inhibition of tyrosine kinase activity of insulin receptor (IR) and/or insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) receptor (IGFR) reverses the PLTP-induced increase in levels of phosphorylated Akt (pAkt(Thr308) and pAkt(Ser473)), suggesting that PLTP-mediated activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway is dependent on IR/IGFR receptor tyrosine kinase activity. Our study suggests that PLTP may be an important modulator of signal transduction pathways in human neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijiang Dong
- Northwest Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes Research Laboratories, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
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Dong W, Vuletic S, Albers JJ. Differential effects of simvastatin and pravastatin on expression of Alzheimer's disease-related genes in human astrocytes and neuronal cells. J Lipid Res 2009; 50:2095-102. [PMID: 19461118 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m900236-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase (statins) are widely used medications for reduction of cholesterol levels. Statin use significantly reduces risk of cardiovascular disease but has also been associated with lower risk of other diseases and conditions, including dementia. However, some reports suggest that statins also have detrimental effects on the brain. We provide evidence that simvastatin and pravastatin have significantly different effects on expression of genes related to neurodegeneration in astrocytes and neuroblastoma (SK-N-SH) cells in culture. Simvastatin significantly reduced expression of ABCA1 in astrocytes and neuroblastoma cells (by 79% and 97%, respectively; both P < 0.001). Pravastatin had a similar but attenuated effect on ABCA1 in astrocytes (-54%, P < 0.001) and neuroblastoma cells (-70%, P < 0.001). Simvastatin reduced expression of apolipoprotein E in astrocytes (P < 0.01). Furthermore, both statins reduced expression of microtubule-associated protein tau in astrocytes (P < 0.01), while both statins increased its expression in neuroblastoma cells (P < 0.01). In SK-N-SH cells, simvastatin significantly increased cyclin-dependent kinase 5 and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta expression, while pravastatin increased amyloid precursor protein expression. Our data suggest that simvastatin and pravastatin differentially affect expression of genes involved in neurodegeneration and that statin-dependent gene expression regulation is cell type specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijiang Dong
- Northwest Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes Research Laboratories, University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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Vuletic S, Dong W, Wolfbauer G, Day JR, Albers JJ. PLTP is present in the nucleus, and its nuclear export is CRM1-dependent. Biochim Biophys Acta 2009; 1793:584-91. [PMID: 19321130 PMCID: PMC2692677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2009.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Revised: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP), one of the key lipid transfer proteins in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, is nearly ubiquitously expressed in cells and tissues. Functions of secreted PLTP have been extensively studied. However, very little is known about potential intracellular PLTP functions. In the current study, we provide evidence for PLTP localization in the nucleus of cells that constitutively express PLTP (human neuroblastoma cells, SK-N-SH; and human cortical neurons, HCN2) and in cells transfected with human PLTP (Chinese hamster ovary and baby hamster kidney cells). Furthermore, we have shown that incubation of these cells with leptomycin B (LMB), a specific inhibitor of nuclear export mediated by chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1), leads to intranuclear accumulation of PLTP, suggesting that PLTP nuclear export is CRM1-dependent. We also provide evidence for entry of secreted PLTP into the cell and its translocation to the nucleus, and show that intranuclear PLTP is active in phospholipid transfer. These findings suggest that PLTP is involved in novel intracellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Vuletic
- Department of Medicine, Northwest Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes Research Laboratories, University of Washington, 401 Queen Anne Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Weijiang Dong
- Department of Medicine, Northwest Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes Research Laboratories, University of Washington, 401 Queen Anne Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Department of Human Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Yanta West Road 76, Xi’an 710061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gertrud Wolfbauer
- Department of Medicine, Northwest Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes Research Laboratories, University of Washington, 401 Queen Anne Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Joseph R. Day
- Department of Medicine, Northwest Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes Research Laboratories, University of Washington, 401 Queen Anne Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - John J. Albers
- Department of Medicine, Northwest Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes Research Laboratories, University of Washington, 401 Queen Anne Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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Vuletic S, Taylor BA, Tofler GH, Chait A, Marcovina SM, Schenck K, Albers JJ. SAA and PLTP activity in plasma of periodontal patients before and after full-mouth tooth extraction. Oral Dis 2009; 14:514-9. [PMID: 18826383 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2007.01411.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether treatment of advanced periodontal disease affects plasma levels of serum amyloid A (SAA) and phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) activity. DESIGN We measured the levels of SAA and PLTP activity in plasma of 66 patients with advanced periodontal disease before and after treatment by full-mouth tooth extraction (FME). RESULTS At baseline, median SAA levels in our study population were within the normal range (2.7 microg ml(-1)) but SAA was elevated (>5 microg ml(-1)) in 18% of periodontitis patients. Three months after FME, SAA levels were significantly reduced (P = 0.04). SAA did not correlate with any of the periodontal disease parameters. PLTP activity was elevated in patients with periodontitis, compared to the PLTP activity reference group (age-matched systemically healthy adults, n = 29; 18 micromol ml(-1) h(-1)vs 13 micromol ml(-1) h(-1), respectively, P = 0.002). PLTP activity inversely correlated with average periodontal pocket depth (PPD) per tooth (r(s) = -0.372; P = 0.002). Three months after FME, median PLTP activity did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS Full-mouth tooth extraction significantly reduces SAA, a marker of inflammation, while it does not affect plasma PLTP activity. However, the inverse correlation between PLTP activity and average PPD suggests that increased PLTP activity may limit periodontal tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vuletic
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States.
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15
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Vuletic S, Li G, Peskind ER, Kennedy H, Marcovina SM, Leverenz JB, Petrie EC, Lee VMY, Galasko D, Schellenberg GD, Albers JJ. Apolipoprotein E Highly Correlates with AβPP- and Tau-Related Markers in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 15:409-17. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-2008-15307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Vuletic
- Northwest Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes Research Laboratories, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elaine R. Peskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Northwest Network VISN-20 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), USA
| | - Hal Kennedy
- Northwest Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes Research Laboratories, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Santica M. Marcovina
- Northwest Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes Research Laboratories, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James B. Leverenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Northwest Network VISN-20 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), USA
- Parkinson's Disease Research Education and Clinical Center (PADRECC) Northwest (Portland & Seattle), USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric C. Petrie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Northwest Network VISN-20 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), USA
| | - Virginia M-Y. Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Douglas Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego ADRC, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gerard D. Schellenberg
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC); VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle Division, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John J. Albers
- Northwest Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes Research Laboratories, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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Bekris LM, Millard SP, Galloway NM, Vuletic S, Albers JJ, Li G, Galasko DR, DeCarli C, Farlow MR, Clark CM, Quinn JF, Kaye JA, Schellenberg GD, Tsuang D, Peskind ER, Yu CE. Multiple SNPs within and surrounding the apolipoprotein E gene influence cerebrospinal fluid apolipoprotein E protein levels. J Alzheimers Dis 2008; 13:255-66. [PMID: 18430993 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2008-13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The epsilon4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) is associated with increased risk and earlier age at onset in late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Other factors, such as expression level of apolipoprotein E protein (apoE), have been postulated to modify the APOE related risk of developing AD. Multiple loci in and outside of APOE are associated with a high risk of AD. The aim of this exploratory hypothesis generating investigation was to determine if some of these loci predict cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) apoE levels in healthy non-demented subjects. CSF apoE levels were measured from healthy non-demented subjects 21-87 years of age (n=134). Backward regression models were used to evaluate the influence of 21 SNPs, within and surrounding APOE, on CSF apoE levels while taking into account age, gender, APOE epsilon4 and correlation between SNPs (linkage disequilibrium). APOE epsilon4 genotype does not predict CSF apoE levels. Three SNPs within the TOMM40 gene, one APOE promoter SNP and two SNPs within distal APOE enhancer elements (ME1 and BCR) predict CSF apoE levels. Further investigation of the genetic influence of these loci on apoE expression levels in the central nervous system is likely to provide new insight into apoE regulation as well as AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M Bekris
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA.
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Polasek O, Kolcic I, Voncina L, Strnad M, Vuletic S, Kern J. Breast, colon, and prostate screening in the adult population of Croatia: does rural origin matter? Rural Remote Health 2007; 7:749. [PMID: 17900222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the utilization of breast, colon and prostate cancer screening in the adult Croatian population in a period without national cancer screening programs, with a special interest in respondents' rural versus urban origin. METHODS Self-reported screening utilization was investigated in the Croatian Adult Health Survey, which collected health-related information from a representative sample of the adult Croatian population. Breast cancer screening was investigated in women aged over 40 years, while colon and prostate screening was investigated in respondents aged over 50 years. The data were analysed using binary logistic regression. RESULTS One in five women reported breast cancer screening uptake in the year preceding the survey (22.5%), while only 4.5% reported a colon screening. A total of 6.1% men reported colon screening, while 13.7% of men reported having a prostate cancer screening. Respondents with rural origin reported all sites screening utilization less frequently than those of urban origin (breast: 14.5% vs 27.4%; prostate: 9.6% vs 16.3%; colon-men: 5.7% vs 6.3%; colon-women: 3.6% vs 5.1%; respectively). Multivariable models indicated that people with higher socio-economic status more commonly reported breast and prostate cancer screening uptake. Access to health care was the only independent variable associated with colon cancer screening in men, and the strongest variable associated with colon cancer screening in women. Rural origin was associated only with lower odds of breast screening (adjusted odds ratio 0.60 [95% confidence interval 0.48-0.74]), while in the remaining models, rural origin was not a significant predictor for cancer screening uptake. CONCLUSIONS Opportunistic cancer screening uptake is low in the Croatian adult population, with existing socio-economic differences in breast and prostate screening, and their absence in colon cancer screening. Rural origin was significantly associated with breast screening, even after adjustment to socioeconomic status and problems in access to health care. Lack of rural origin significance in the other screening sites could be related to small sample sizes of people who reported opportunistic utilization. Overall, access to health care is the strongest cancer screening predictor, and this should have a prominent role in the development of a systematic cancer screening program on a national level.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Polasek
- Andrija Stampar School of Public Health, Medical School, University of Zagreb, Rockefellerova, Croatia.
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18
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Vaisar T, Pennathur S, Green PS, Gharib SA, Hoofnagle AN, Cheung MC, Byun J, Vuletic S, Kassim S, Singh P, Chea H, Knopp RH, Brunzell J, Geary R, Chait A, Zhao XQ, Elkon K, Marcovina S, Ridker P, Oram JF, Heinecke JW. Shotgun proteomics implicates protease inhibition and complement activation in the antiinflammatory properties of HDL. J Clin Invest 2007; 117:746-56. [PMID: 17332893 PMCID: PMC1804352 DOI: 10.1172/jci26206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 718] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2005] [Accepted: 12/22/2006] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
HDL lowers the risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease by promoting cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells. However, other antiatherosclerotic properties of HDL are poorly understood. To test the hypothesis that the lipoprotein carries proteins that might have novel cardioprotective activities, we used shotgun proteomics to investigate the composition of HDL isolated from healthy subjects and subjects with coronary artery disease (CAD). Unexpectedly, our analytical strategy identified multiple complement-regulatory proteins and a diverse array of distinct serpins with serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity. Many acute-phase response proteins were also detected, supporting the proposal that HDL is of central importance in inflammation. Mass spectrometry and biochemical analyses demonstrated that HDL3 from subjects with CAD was selectively enriched in apoE, raising the possibility that HDL carries a unique cargo of proteins in humans with clinically significant cardiovascular disease. Collectively, our observations suggest that HDL plays previously unsuspected roles in regulating the complement system and protecting tissue from proteolysis and that the protein cargo of HDL contributes to its antiinflammatory and antiatherogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Vaisar
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Division of Surgical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Division of Surgical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pattie S. Green
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Division of Surgical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sina A. Gharib
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Division of Surgical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew N. Hoofnagle
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Division of Surgical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marian C. Cheung
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Division of Surgical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jaeman Byun
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Division of Surgical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Simona Vuletic
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Division of Surgical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sean Kassim
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Division of Surgical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pragya Singh
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Division of Surgical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Helen Chea
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Division of Surgical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert H. Knopp
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Division of Surgical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Brunzell
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Division of Surgical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Randolph Geary
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Division of Surgical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alan Chait
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Division of Surgical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xue-Qiao Zhao
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Division of Surgical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Keith Elkon
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Division of Surgical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Santica Marcovina
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Division of Surgical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul Ridker
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Division of Surgical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John F. Oram
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Division of Surgical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jay W. Heinecke
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Division of Surgical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Riekse RG, Li G, Petrie EC, Leverenz JB, Vavrek D, Vuletic S, Albers JJ, Montine TJ, Lee VMY, Lee M, Seubert P, Galasko D, Schellenberg GD, Hazzard WR, Peskind ER. Effect of statins on Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid. J Alzheimers Dis 2007; 10:399-406. [PMID: 17183151 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2006-10408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors ("statins") has been variably associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in epidemiologic studies and reduced amyloid-beta (Abeta) deposition in animal models of AD. Putative neuroprotective effects of statins may vary in relation to their ability to penetrate into the central nervous system (CNS). METHODS We measured levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers following 14 weeks of treatment with simvastatin (a CNS permeant statin; n=10) at 40 mg/day or pravastatin (a CNS impermeant statin; n=13) at 80 mg/day in hypercholesterolemic subjects without dementia. RESULTS Simvastatin, but not pravastatin, reduced CSF levels of phospho-tau-181 (p-tau181) in all subjects. There were no differences in CSF levels of total tau, Abeta42, Abeta40, soluble amyloid beta protein precursor (sAbetaPP) alpha or beta, or F2-isoprostanes. CONCLUSIONS Statins may modulate the phosphorylation of tau in humans and this effect may depend on the CNS availability of the statin. These results suggest another mechanism by which statins may act to reduce the risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Riekse
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, and VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
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Vuletic S, Riekse RG, Marcovina SM, Peskind ER, Hazzard WR, Albers JJ. Statins of different brain penetrability differentially affect CSF PLTP activity. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2007; 22:392-8. [PMID: 16960448 DOI: 10.1159/000095679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) and apolipoprotein E (apoE) are key proteins involved in lipoprotein metabolism in the peripheral circulation and in the brain. Several epidemiological studies suggested that use of 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) reduces risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the effects of statins of differing blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrability on brain-derived molecules in cognitively normal individuals are largely unknown. METHODS To assess the effect of statins on these indices as a function of BBB penetration, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma PLTP activity and apoE concentration were measured in cognitively intact, modestly hypercholesterolemic adults randomly allocated to treatment with either pravastatin, which does not penetrate BBB (80 mg/day, n = 13), or simvastatin, which penetrates BBB (40 mg/day, n = 10). RESULTS Simvastatin significantly increased CSF PLTP activity (p = 0.005). In contrast, pravastatin had no such effect. In the pravastatin-treated group, CSF apoE concentration decreased significantly (p = 0.026), while the simvastatin-treated group showed a tendency towards lower CSF apoE levels, with CSF apoE concentration lowered in 8 of 10 subjects. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that statins differentially affect two key lipid transfer proteins in the brain, and that effect on PLTP activity depends on statin BBB penetrability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Vuletic
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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21
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Vuletic S, Peskind ER, Marcovina SM, Quinn JF, Cheung MC, Kennedy H, Kaye JA, Jin LW, Albers JJ. Reduced CSF PLTP activity in Alzheimer's disease and other neurologic diseases; PLTP induces ApoE secretion in primary human astrocytes in vitro. J Neurosci Res 2005; 80:406-13. [PMID: 15795933 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.20458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) plays a pivotal role in cellular lipid efflux and modulation of lipoprotein metabolism. PLTP is distributed widely in the central nervous system (CNS), is synthesized by glia and neurons, and is active in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The aims of this study were to test the hypothesis that patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have altered PLTP-mediated phospholipid transfer activity in CSF, and to examine the potential relationship between PLTP activity and apolipoprotein E (apoE) levels in CSF. We assessed PLTP activity and apoE concentration in CSF of patients with probable AD (n = 50), multiple sclerosis (MS; n = 9), other neurologic diseases (n = 21), and neurologically healthy controls (n = 40). PLTP activity in AD was reduced compared to that in controls (P < 0.001), with approximately half of the AD patients with PLTP activity values below all controls. Patients with MS had lower PLTP activity than AD patients (P < 0.001). PLTP activity was highly correlated with PLTP mass, as estimated by Western blot (r = 0.006; P < 0.01). CSF PLTP activity positively correlated with apoE concentration in AD (R = 0.435; P = 0.002) and controls (R = 0.456; P = 0.003). Anti-apoE immunoaffinity chromatography and Western blot analyses indicated that some CSF PLTP is associated with apoE-containing lipoproteins. Exogenous addition of recombinant PLTP to primary human astrocytes significantly increased apoE secretion to the conditioned medium. The findings of reduced PLTP activity in AD CSF, and the observation that PLTP can influence apoE secretion in astrocytes suggest a potential link between alterations in the brain lipid metabolism and AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Vuletic
- Department of Medicine, Northwest Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes Research Laboratories, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109-4517, USA
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Vuletic S. Readers' responses to the webcast video editorial entitled "evidence-based medicine or faith-based medicine?". MedGenMed 2005; 7:33. [PMID: 16382514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
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Vuletic S, Marcovina SM, Kennedy H, Peskind E, Quinn J, Albers JJ. P3-035 CSF PLTP-mediated phospholipid transfer activity in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0197-4580(04)81189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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O'Brien KD, Vuletic S, McDonald TO, Wolfbauer G, Lewis K, Tu AY, Marcovina S, Wight TN, Chait A, Albers JJ. Cell-associated and extracellular phospholipid transfer protein in human coronary atherosclerosis. Circulation 2003; 108:270-4. [PMID: 12835223 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000079163.97653.cd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) plays an important role in HDL particle metabolism and may modulate hepatic secretion of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. However, whether PLTP might participate directly in human atherosclerotic lesion formation is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS The cellular and extracellular distributions of PLTP were determined in normal and atherosclerotic human coronary lesions with a monoclonal antibody to human PLTP. Cell types (smooth muscle cells [SMCs] or macrophages), apolipoproteins (apoA-I, apoB, and apoE), and extracellular matrix proteoglycans (biglycan and versican) were identified on adjacent sections with monospecific antibodies. Minimal extracellular PLTP was detected in nonatherosclerotic coronary arteries, but extracellular and cellular PLTP immunostaining was widespread in atherosclerotic lesions. PLTP was detected in foam cell SMCs and in foam cell macrophages, which suggests that cellular cholesterol accumulation might increase PLTP expression in both cell types. This was confirmed by in vitro studies demonstrating that cholesterol loading of macrophages leads to 2- to 3-fold increases in PLTP steady-state mRNA levels, protein expression, and activity. PLTP also was detected in an extracellular distribution, colocalizing with apoA-I, apoB, apoE, and the vascular proteoglycan biglycan. In gel mobility shift assays, both active and inactive recombinant PLTP markedly increased HDL binding to biglycan, which suggests that PLTP may mediate lipoprotein binding to proteoglycans independent of its phospholipid transfer activity. CONCLUSIONS PLTP is present in human atherosclerotic lesions, and its distribution suggests roles for PLTP in both cellular cholesterol metabolism and lipoprotein retention on extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D O'Brien
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash, USA
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Vuletic S, Jin LW, Marcovina SM, Peskind ER, Moller T, Albers JJ. Widespread distribution of PLTP in human CNS: evidence for PLTP synthesis by glia and neurons, and increased levels in Alzheimer's disease. J Lipid Res 2003; 44:1113-23. [PMID: 12671035 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m300046-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) is one of the key proteins in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. We examined PLTP distribution in human brain using PLTP mRNA dot-blot, Northern blot, immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blot, and phospholipid transfer activity assay analyses. PLTP mRNA of 1.8 kb was widely distributed in all the examined regions of the central nervous system at either comparable or slightly lower levels than in the other major organs, depending on the region. Cerebrospinal fluid phospholipid transfer activity represented 15% of the plasma activity, indicating active PLTP synthesis in the brain. Western blot and phosholipid transfer activity assay demonstrated secretion of active PLTP by neurons, microglia, and astrocytes in culture. IHC demonstrated PLTP presence in neurons, astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendroglia. Some neuronal groups, such as nucleus hypoglossus and CA2 neurons in hippocampus, ependymal layer, and choroid plexus were particularly strongly stained, with substantial glial and neuropil immunostaining throughout the brain. Comparison between brain tissues from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and nonAD subjects revealed a significant increase (P = 0.02) in PLTP levels in brain tissue homogenates and increased PLTP immunostaining in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Vuletic
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Abstract
Describes a prototype module for data analysis of the healthcare delivery system. It consists of three main parts: data/variable selection; algorithms for the analysis of quantitative and qualitative changes in the system; and interpretation and explanation of the results. Such a module designed for primary health care has been installed on a PC in the health manager's office. Data enter the information system through the standard DBMS procedures, followed by calculating a number of different indicators and the time series, as the ordered sequences of indicators, according to demands of the manager. The last procedure is "the change analysis" with estimation of unexpected differences between and within some units, e.g. health-care teams, as well as some unexpected variabilities and trends. As an example, presents and discusses the diagnostic pattern of neurotic cases, referral patterns and preventive behaviour of GP's teams as well.
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Glasunov IS, Dowd JE, Jaksić Z, Kesić B, Ray D, Stromberg J, Steinberger C, Vuletic S. Effect of repetitive health examinations on blood sugar levels: the Zagreb preliminary study. Diabetologia 1975; 11:241-4. [PMID: 1149956 DOI: 10.1007/bf00422329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study recruitment rates of subjects with borderline glucose tolerance were investigated (using the specific procedure described below) and were shown to be 1.8% of the population approached and 2.5% of the population screened. 75 g glucose load yielded higher numbers of subjects with borderline glucose tolerance levels at screening than a 50 g glucose load. However, the numbers of the people finally recruited into the cohort by confirmatory screening were the same when only the 50 g load was used at confirmatory screenings. Subjects recruited in this way remained in the study for 24 months. Repeated health checks had an effect of lowering concentrations of blood glucose after an oral load in treated and control groups, and in those with borderline and those with normal blood glucose values at the initial screening. It is concluded that the process of screening and observation itself has an effect upon glucose tolerance, independent of formal 'treatment'.
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Pansini K, Kapetanovic T, Nikpalj B, Vuletic S, Fabrio M. [Causes of early ablactation (author's transl)]. Arh Zast 1973; 17:79-95. [PMID: 12310961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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