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Ortiz A, Stavrou A, Liu S, Chen D, Shen SS, Jin C. NUPR1 packaged in extracellular vesicles promotes murine triple-negative breast cancer in a type 1 interferon-independent manner. Extracell Vesicles Circ Nucl Acids 2024; 5:19-36. [PMID: 38405101 PMCID: PMC10887431 DOI: 10.20517/evcna.2023.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Aim This study aims to elucidate the involvement of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)-derived extracellular vesicles in metastasis. The loss of components in the type 1 interferon (IFN1) signaling pathway has been linked to the promotion of metastasis. However, IFN1 signaling induces immunological dormancy and promotes tumorigenesis. Our hypothesis was that TNBC cells release tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) that promote metastasis in an IFN1-independent manner. Methods Two murine TNBC models and transgenic mice were used to examine the role of IFN1 in TNBC progression to metastasis. Reserpine was employed to determine the effect of TEV education on TNBC progression and overall survival. EVs from cancer cells treated with vehicle and reserpine and from the serum of tumor-bearing mice receiving reserpine were examined to determine changes in EV release and EV content. Results TNBC cells progress to metastasis in mice lacking the IFN1-induced gene cholesterol-25 hydroxylase (CH25H) or expressing the IFNAR1S526 knock-in that cannot be downregulated. Reserpine suppresses EV release from TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo. Western blot analysis demonstrated reserpine decreased NUPR1 protein levels in EVs. RNAseq analysis demonstrated that endothelial cells lacking CH25H treated with TEVs exhibited increased NUPR1 expression that was decreased by adding reserpine with the TEVs. NUPR1 overexpression upregulated genes that mediate TEV biogenesis and incorporation. Knockdown of NUPR1 with shRNA decreased the release of TEVs. Conclusion In conclusion, our study suggests that TNBC is driven by aberrant packaging of NUPR1 into TEVs which were transferred into recipient cells to activate pro-metastatic transcription driven by NUPR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Ortiz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aikaterini Stavrou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Danqi Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Steven S. Shen
- Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Chunyuan Jin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
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2
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Martin MD, Skon-Hegg C, Kim CY, Xu J, Kucaba TA, Swanson W, Pierson MJ, Williams JW, Badovinac VP, Shen SS, Ingersoll MA, Griffith TS. CD115 + monocytes protect microbially experienced mice against E. coli-induced sepsis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113345. [PMID: 38111515 PMCID: PMC10727454 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) is a primary organism responsible for urinary tract infections and a common cause of sepsis. Microbially experienced laboratory mice, generated by cohousing with pet store mice, exhibit increased morbidity and mortality to polymicrobial sepsis or lipopolysaccharide challenge. By contrast, cohoused mice display significant resistance, compared with specific pathogen-free mice, to a monomicrobial sepsis model using UPEC. CD115+ monocytes mediate protection in the cohoused mice, as depletion of these cells leads to increased mortality and UPEC pathogen burden. Further study of the cohoused mice reveals increased TNF-α production by monocytes, a skewing toward Ly6ChiCD115+ "classical" monocytes, and enhanced egress of Ly6ChiCD115+ monocytes from the bone marrow. Analysis of cohoused bone marrow also finds increased frequency and number of myeloid multipotent progenitor cells. These results show that a history of microbial exposure impacts innate immunity in mice, which can have important implications for the preclinical study of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Martin
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Cara Skon-Hegg
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Caleb Y. Kim
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Julie Xu
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Tamara A. Kucaba
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Whitney Swanson
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mark J. Pierson
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jesse W. Williams
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Vladimir P. Badovinac
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Steven S. Shen
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Molly A. Ingersoll
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France
- Mucosal Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Thomas S. Griffith
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
- Lead contact
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3
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Riddle N, Parkash V, Guo CC, Shen SS, Perincheri S, Ramirez AS, Auerbach A, Belchis D, Humphrey P. Recent Advances in Genitourinary Tumors Updates From the 5th Edition of the World Health Organization Blue Book Series. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2023:497279. [PMID: 38031818 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2022-0509-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Urinary and Male Genital Tumours is the 8th volume of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumours series, 5th edition. Released in hard copy in September 2022, it presents an update to the classification of male genital and urinary tumors in the molecular age. Building upon previous volumes in this series, significant effort has been made to harmonize terminology across organ systems for biologically similar tumors (eg, neuroendocrine tumors). Genomic terminology has been standardized and genetic syndromes covered more comprehensively. This review presents a concise summary of this volume highlighting new entities, notable modifications relative to the 4th edition, and elements of relevance to routine clinical practice. OBJECTIVE.— To provide a comprehensive update on the World Health Organization classification of urinary and male genital tumors, highlighting updated diagnostic criteria and terminology. DATA SOURCES.— The 4th and 5th editions of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumours: Urinary and Male Genital Tumours. CONCLUSIONS.— The World Health Organization has made several changes in the 5th edition of the update on urinary and male genital tumors that pathologists need to be aware of for up-to-date clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Riddle
- From the Department of Pathology, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, Florida (Riddle)
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ruffolo, Hooper, and Associates, University of South Florida Health, Tampa (Riddle)
| | - Vinita Parkash
- The Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Parkash, Perincheri, Humphrey)
| | - Charles C Guo
- The Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (Guo)
| | - Steven S Shen
- The Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (Shen)
| | - Sudhir Perincheri
- The Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Parkash, Perincheri, Humphrey)
| | | | - Aaron Auerbach
- The Department of Hematopathology, The Joint Pathology Center, Silver Spring, Maryland (Auerbach)
| | - Deborah Belchis
- The Department of Pathology, Luminis Health, Baltimore, Maryland (Belchis)
| | - Peter Humphrey
- The Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Parkash, Perincheri, Humphrey)
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4
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Xie XJ, Chen JY, Jiang J, Duan H, Wu Y, Zhang XW, Yang SJ, Zhao W, Shen SS, Wu L, He B, Ding YY, Luo H, Liu SY, Han D. [Development and validation of prognostic nomogram for malignant pleural mesothelioma]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2023; 45:415-423. [PMID: 37188627 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn12152-20211124-00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To development the prognostic nomogram for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Methods: Two hundred and ten patients pathologically confirmed as MPM were enrolled in this retrospective study from 2007 to 2020 in the People's Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, the First and Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, and divided into training (n=112) and test (n=98) sets according to the admission time. The observation factors included demography, symptoms, history, clinical score and stage, blood cell and biochemistry, tumor markers, pathology and treatment. The Cox proportional risk model was used to analyze the prognostic factors of 112 patients in the training set. According to the results of multivariate Cox regression analysis, the prognostic prediction nomogram was established. C-Index and calibration curve were used to evaluate the model's discrimination and consistency in raining and test sets, respectively. Patients were stratified according to the median risk score of nomogram in the training set. Log rank test was performed to compare the survival differences between the high and low risk groups in the two sets. Results: The median overall survival (OS) of 210 MPM patients was 384 days (IQR=472 days), and the 6-month, 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year survival rates were 75.7%, 52.6%, 19.7%, and 13.0%, respectively. Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that residence (HR=2.127, 95% CI: 1.154-3.920), serum albumin (HR=1.583, 95% CI: 1.017-2.464), clinical stage (stage Ⅳ: HR=3.073, 95% CI: 1.366-6.910) and the chemotherapy (HR=0.476, 95% CI: 0.292-0.777) were independent prognostic factors for MPM patients. The C-index of the nomogram established based on the results of Cox multivariate regression analysis in the training and test sets were 0.662 and 0.613, respectively. Calibration curves for both the training and test sets showed moderate consistency between the predicted and actual survival probabilities of MPM patients at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years. The low-risk group had better outcomes than the high-risk group in both training (P=0.001) and test (P=0.003) sets. Conclusion: The survival prediction nomogram established based on routine clinical indicators of MPM patients provides a reliable tool for prognostic prediction and risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- X J Xie
- Department of Medical Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - J Y Chen
- Department of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650106, China
| | - J Jiang
- Department of Medical Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - H Duan
- Department of Medical Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Y Wu
- Department of Radiology, Chuxiong People's Hospital, Chuxiong 675099, China
| | - X W Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Chuxiong People's Hospital, Chuxiong 675099, China
| | - S J Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chuxiong People's Hospital, Chuxiong 675099, China
| | - W Zhao
- Department of Medical Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - S S Shen
- Department of Medical Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - L Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - B He
- Department of Medical Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Y Y Ding
- Department of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650106, China
| | - H Luo
- Deputy President's Office, Chuxiong People's Hospital, Chuxiong 675099, China
| | - S Y Liu
- GE Healthcare (China), Beijing 100176, China
| | - D Han
- Department of Medical Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
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5
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Guo CC, Shen SS, Czerniak B. Recent Advances in the Classification of Bladder Cancer – Updates from the 5th Edition of the World Health Organization Classification of the Urinary and Male Genital Tumors. Bladder Cancer 2023. [DOI: 10.3233/blc-220106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization Classification (WHO) of Urinary and Male Genital Tumors has recently been updated to its 5th edition. The new edition presents a comprehensive approach to the classification of urinary and male genital tumors with an incorporation of morphologic, clinical, and genomic data. OBJECTIVE: This review aims to update the new classification of bladder cancer in the 5th edition and to highlight important changes in nomenclatures, diagnostic criteria, and molecular characterization, as compared to the 4th edition. METHODS: The pathologic classification of bladder cancer in the 5th edition of WHO Classification of Urinary and Male Genital Tumours was compared to that in the 4th edition. PubMed was searched using key words, including bladder cancer, WHO 1973, WHO 1998, WHO 2004, WHO 2016, histology, pathology, genomics, and molecular classification in the time frame from 1973 to August of 2022. Other relevant papers were also consulted, resulting in the selection of 81 papers as references. RESULTS: The binary grading of papillary urothelial carcinoma (UC) is practical, but it may be oversimplified and contribute to “grade migration” in recent years. An arbitrary cutoff (5%) has been proposed for bladder cancers with mixed grades. The diagnosis of papillary urothelial neoplasm with low malignant potential has been dramatically reduced in recent years because of overlapping morphology and treatment with low-grade papillary UC. An inverted growth pattern should be distinguished from true (or destructive) stromal invasion in papillary UC. Several methods have been proposed for pT1 tumor substaging, but it is often challenging to substage pT1 tumors in small biopsy specimens. Bladder UC shows a high tendency for divergent differentiation, leading to several distinct histologic subtypes associated with an aggressive clinical behavior. Molecular classification based on the genomic analysis may be a useful tool in the stratification of patients for optimal treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The 5th edition of WHO Classification of Urinary and Male Genital Tumours has made several significant changes in the classification of bladder cancer. It is important to be aware of these changes and to incorporate them into routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles C. Guo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven S. Shen
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bogdan Czerniak
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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6
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Ni SJ, Gao JL, Shen SS. [Obesity and hypertriglyceridemia: high risks for disease severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 2022; 74:783-791. [PMID: 36319101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As COVID-19 pandemic approaching its third year, more data have shown that obesity and hypertriglyceridemia are the high-risk factors for the major complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, thromboembolism, coagulopathy and cytokine storm, which are responsible for the majority of disease severity and mortality. In this review article, we have analyzed the public available clinical reports and laboratory research results of the COVID-19 studies by researchers and clinicians of many nations around the world. Many of these reports covered COVID-19 patients of different ethnic groups. We suggested that obesity and high triglycerides are high risks for severe COVID-19 and death. We also summarized the possible underlying molecular mechanism likely connecting the severe COVID-19 with obesity and hypertriglyceridemia. From public health perspective, we highlight the importance of the healthy diet and lifestyle in fighting against SARS-CoV-2 virus in long period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jie Ni
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226006, China
| | - Jian-Lin Gao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226006, China
| | - Steven S Shen
- The Institute for Health Informatics, Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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7
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Cui HX, Wang C, Shen SS, Lou XL, Xu JZ, Cao ZF, Zhang YS. [Anorectal malignant melanoma: a clinical and pathological features analysis of fourteen cases]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2022; 51:650-652. [PMID: 35785837 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20210920-00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H X Cui
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - C Wang
- Department of Pathology, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - S S Shen
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - X L Lou
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - J Z Xu
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Z F Cao
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Y S Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
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8
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Fiege JK, Block KE, Pierson MJ, Nanda H, Shepherd FK, Mickelson CK, Stolley JM, Matchett WE, Wijeyesinghe S, Meyerholz DK, Vezys V, Shen SS, Hamilton SE, Masopust D, Langlois RA. Mice with diverse microbial exposure histories as a model for preclinical vaccine testing. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:1815-1827.e6. [PMID: 34731647 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Laboratory mice comprise an expeditious model for preclinical vaccine testing; however, vaccine immunogenicity in these models often inadequately translates to humans. Reconstituting physiologic microbial experience to specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice induces durable immunological changes that better recapitulate human immunity. We examined whether mice with diverse microbial experience better model human responses post vaccination. We co-housed laboratory mice with pet-store mice, which have varied microbial exposures, and then assessed immune responses to influenza vaccines. Human transcriptional responses to influenza vaccination are better recapitulated in co-housed mice. Although SPF and co-housed mice were comparably susceptible to acute influenza infection, vaccine-induced humoral responses were dampened in co-housed mice, resulting in poor control upon challenge. Additionally, protective heterosubtypic T cell immunity was compromised in co-housed mice. Because SPF mice exaggerated humoral and T cell protection upon influenza vaccination, reconstituting microbial experience in laboratory mice through co-housing may better inform preclinical vaccine testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Fiege
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Katharine E Block
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mark J Pierson
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Hezkiel Nanda
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Frances K Shepherd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Clayton K Mickelson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - J Michael Stolley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - William E Matchett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sathi Wijeyesinghe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Vaiva Vezys
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Steven S Shen
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sara E Hamilton
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - David Masopust
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Ryan A Langlois
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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9
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Li J, Liu J, Wang Y, He Y, Liu K, Raghunathan R, Shen SS, He T, Yu X, Danforth R, Zheng F, Zhao H, Wong STC. Artificial intelligence-augmented, label-free molecular imaging method for tissue identification, cancer diagnosis, and cancer margin detection. Biomed Opt Express 2021; 12:5559-5582. [PMID: 34692201 PMCID: PMC8515981 DOI: 10.1364/boe.428738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Label-free high-resolution molecular and cellular imaging strategies for intraoperative use are much needed, but not yet available. To fill this void, we developed an artificial intelligence-augmented molecular vibrational imaging method that integrates label-free and subcellular-resolution coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering (CARS) imaging with real-time quantitative image analysis via deep learning (artificial intelligence-augmented CARS or iCARS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the capability of the iCARS system to identify and differentiate the parathyroid gland and recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) from surrounding tissues and detect cancer margins. This goal was successfully met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasong Li
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Breast-thyroid-vascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 201620, Shanghai, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Breast-thyroid-vascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 201620, Shanghai, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yunjie He
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Raksha Raghunathan
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Steven S. Shen
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tiancheng He
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rebecca Danforth
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Feibi Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stephen T. C. Wong
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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10
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Zakharia Y, McWilliams RR, Rixe O, Drabick J, Shaheen MF, Grossmann KF, Kolhe R, Pacholczyk R, Sadek R, Tennant LL, Smith CM, Kennedy EP, Link CJ, Vahanian NN, Yu J, Shen SS, Brincks EL, Rossi GR, Munn D, Milhem M. Phase II trial of the IDO pathway inhibitor indoximod plus pembrolizumab for the treatment of patients with advanced melanoma. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-002057. [PMID: 34117113 PMCID: PMC8202104 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-002057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) pathway is a key counter-regulatory mechanism that, in cancer, is exploited by tumors to evade antitumor immunity. Indoximod is a small-molecule IDO pathway inhibitor that reverses the immunosuppressive effects of low tryptophan (Trp) and high kynurenine (Kyn) that result from IDO activity. In this study, indoximod was used in combination with a checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) pembrolizumab for the treatment for advanced melanoma. Methods Patients with advanced melanoma were enrolled in a single-arm phase II clinical trial evaluating the addition of indoximod to standard of care CPI approved for melanoma. Investigators administered their choice of CPI including pembrolizumab (P), nivolumab (N), or ipilimumab (I). Indoximod was administered continuously (1200 mg orally two times per day), with concurrent CPI dosed per US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved label. Results Between July 2014 and July 2017, 131 patients were enrolled. (P) was used more frequently (n=114, 87%) per investigator’s choice. The efficacy evaluable population consisted of 89 patients from the phase II cohort with non-ocular melanoma who received indoximod combined with (P). The objective response rate (ORR) for the evaluable population was 51% with confirmed complete response of 20% and disease control rate of 70%. Median progression-free survival was 12.4 months (95% CI 6.4 to 24.9). The ORR for Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive patients was 70% compared with 46% for PD-L1-negative patients. The combination was well tolerated, and side effects were similar to what was expected from single agent (P). Conclusion In this study, the combination of indoximod and (P) was well tolerated and showed antitumor efficacy that is worth further evaluation in selected patients with advanced melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Zakharia
- University of Iowa Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiayi Yu
- NewLink Genetics Corp, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Steven S Shen
- University of Minnesota Institute for Health Informatics, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - David Munn
- Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mohammed Milhem
- University of Iowa Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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11
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Liu K, Yuan HY, Shen SS, Liu J, Wang XY, Chen C, Zhong XM. [Relationship between health literacy and health-related behaviors of enterprise employees]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2021; 39:193-197. [PMID: 33781035 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20200105-000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the relationship between the health literacy of employees and smoking, drinking, diet and exercise, and provide scientific basis for health education and targeted intervention. Methods: From February to July 2019, a cluster random sampling method was adopted to select enterprise employees in Shihezi City to conduct a questionnaire survey. Self-made questionnaires and "National Resident Health Literacy Monitoring Questionnaire" were used to assess the social demographics, health literacy, and Health-related behaviors were investigated, and 1053 valid questionnaires were collected. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between health literacy and the three dimensions with smoking, drinking, diet and exercise. Results: Total score of health literacy of enterprise employees is (42.06±11.03) points and the employee health literacy rate of Shihezi City in 2019 is 19.47%. Univariate analysis showed that non-smokers had higher health literacy and three-dimensional health literacy availability than smokers (P<0.01) ; fewer drinkers had higher health literacy availability than overdrinkers (P<0.05) ; balanced diet health literacy availability The health literacy availability rates in the three dimensions were higher than those in the unbalanced diet (P<0.01) . In the logistic regression analysis, healthy lifestyle and behavioral literacy were independently related to smoking behavior (OR=1.571, P<0.05) ; the presence of health literacy and the three dimensions of health literacy were not statistically related to alcohol consumption (P>0.05) ; there is a statistical correlation between health literacy, healthy lifestyles, behaviors, and health skills and regular exercise among employees (OR=1.829、2.503、1.395, P<0.05) ; employees with health literacy and three dimensions of health literacy are more likely to have a balanced diet (P<0.01) . Conclusion: There is a correlation between the health literacy of enterprise employees and diet and exercise. The improvement of health literacy level is an important way to interfere with unhealthy behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Liu
- Zhongshan Hospital Wusong Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai 200940, China
| | - H Y Yuan
- Shihezi People's Hospital, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - S S Shen
- First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - J Liu
- Shihezi People's Hospital, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - X Y Wang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - C Chen
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - X M Zhong
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi 832000, China
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12
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El-Zaatari ZM, Thomas JS, Divatia MK, Shen SS, Ayala AG, Monroig-Bosque P, Shehabeldin A, Ro JY. Pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma of prostate: Rare tumor with unique clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features. Ann Diagn Pathol 2021; 52:151719. [PMID: 33640702 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2021.151719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma (PGCC) of the prostate is a rare entity categorized as a variant of prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma in the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification system. PGCC differs from conventional prostatic adenocarcinoma by having bizarre, markedly enlarged, and pleomorphic cells. It differs from high grade urothelial carcinoma by negativity for urothelial differentiation markers, and can be distinguished from sarcomatoid carcinoma by lack of spindle cells. Including two new cases described herein, there have been 51 cases of prostate PGCC reported in the English literature. Clinical features shared by cases of prostate PGCC include poor prognosis, occurrence in older patients, and frequent association with prior therapy. Pathologic features common to cases of prostate PGCC include admixture with a high-grade conventional prostate carcinoma component and absent or reduced expression of prostate differentiation markers. More recent studies have begun to elucidate the molecular characteristics of PGCC, detecting specific mutations and chromosomal translocations, and showing evidence of a high degree of molecular instability in these tumors. We report novel findings in two cases of PGCC including a PIK3CA p.His1047Arg mutation not previously described. One of our cases is the first to clearly demonstrate chronological loss of prostate markers during dedifferentiation from prior conventional prostate carcinoma to PGCC. Herein, we present our two new cases and comprehensively review the literature on all reported cases of PGCC with critical commentary on findings in cases of this rare tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad M El-Zaatari
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jessica S Thomas
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (WCMC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mukul K Divatia
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (WCMC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Steven S Shen
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (WCMC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alberto G Ayala
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (WCMC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Paloma Monroig-Bosque
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ahmed Shehabeldin
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jae Y Ro
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Weill Medical College of Cornell University (WCMC), New York, NY 10065, USA.
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13
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Abstract
Genitourinary (GU) cancers are among the most common malignant diseases in men [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles C. Guo
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 085, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Steven S. Shen
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 6565 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Jae Y. Ro
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 6565 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
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14
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Fiege JK, Thiede JM, Nanda HA, Matchett WE, Moore PJ, Montanari NR, Thielen BK, Daniel J, Stanley E, Hunter RC, Menachery VD, Shen SS, Bold TD, Langlois RA. Single cell resolution of SARS-CoV-2 tropism, antiviral responses, and susceptibility to therapies in primary human airway epithelium. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009292. [PMID: 33507952 PMCID: PMC7872261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The human airway epithelium is the initial site of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We used flow cytometry and single cell RNA-sequencing to understand how the heterogeneity of this diverse cell population contributes to elements of viral tropism and pathogenesis, antiviral immunity, and treatment response to remdesivir. We found that, while a variety of epithelial cell types are susceptible to infection, ciliated cells are the predominant cell target of SARS-CoV-2. The host protease TMPRSS2 was required for infection of these cells. Importantly, remdesivir treatment effectively inhibited viral replication across cell types, and blunted hyperinflammatory responses. Induction of interferon responses within infected cells was rare and there was significant heterogeneity in the antiviral gene signatures, varying with the burden of infection in each cell. We also found that heavily infected secretory cells expressed abundant IL-6, a potential mediator of COVID-19 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K. Fiege
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Joshua M. Thiede
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Hezkiel Arya Nanda
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - William E. Matchett
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Patrick J. Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Noe Rico Montanari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Beth K. Thielen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jerry Daniel
- University of Minnesota Genomics Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Emma Stanley
- University of Minnesota Genomics Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ryan C. Hunter
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Vineet D. Menachery
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Steven S. Shen
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Tyler D. Bold
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ryan A. Langlois
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
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15
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Fiege JK, Thiede JM, Nanda H, Matchett WE, Moore PJ, Montanari NR, Thielen BK, Daniel J, Stanley E, Hunter RC, Menachery VD, Shen SS, Bold TD, Langlois RA. Single cell resolution of SARS-CoV-2 tropism, antiviral responses, and susceptibility to therapies in primary human airway epithelium. bioRxiv 2020. [PMID: 33106802 PMCID: PMC7587775 DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.19.343954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The human airway epithelium is the initial site of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We used flow cytometry and single cell RNA-sequencing to understand how the heterogeneity of this diverse cell population contributes to elements of viral tropism and pathogenesis, antiviral immunity, and treatment response to remdesivir. We found that, while a variety of epithelial cell types are susceptible to infection, ciliated cells are the predominant cell target of SARS-CoV-2. The host protease TMPRSS2 was required for infection of these cells. Importantly, remdesivir treatment effectively inhibited viral replication across cell types, and blunted hyperinflammatory responses. Induction of interferon responses within infected cells was rare and there was significant heterogeneity in the antiviral gene signatures, varying with the burden of infection in each cell. We also found that heavily infected secretory cells expressed abundant IL-6, a potential mediator of COVID-19 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Fiege
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota
| | - Joshua M Thiede
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota
| | - Hezkiel Nanda
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota
| | - William E Matchett
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota
| | - Patrick J Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota
| | | | - Beth K Thielen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Minnesota
| | | | | | - Ryan C Hunter
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota
| | - Vineet D Menachery
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch
| | - Steven S Shen
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota
| | - Tyler D Bold
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota.,Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota
| | - Ryan A Langlois
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota
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16
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Rehman A, El-Zaatari ZM, Han SH, Shen SS, Ayala AG, Miles B, Divatia MK, Ketcham MS, Chung BM, Rogers JT, Ro JY. Seminal vesicle invasion combined with extraprostatic extension is associated with higher frequency of biochemical recurrence and lymph node metastasis than seminal vesicle invasion alone: Proposal for further pT3 prostate cancer subclassification. Ann Diagn Pathol 2020; 49:151611. [PMID: 32956915 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2020.151611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM staging system subdivides prostatic pT3 tumors into pT3a, which includes cases with extraprostatic extension (EPE) and pT3b, which is defined by the presence of seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) with or without EPE. Yet, it is not established whether combined SVI and EPE impart a worse prognosis compared to SVI alone. We studied a cohort of 69 prostatectomy patients with SVI with or without EPE. Patient age at the time of radical prostatectomy was documented and Gleason score and presence or absence of EPE and/or SVI were determined. Biochemical recurrence (BCR) was defined as a PSA rise >0.2 ng/mL. The frequency of BCR was 33.9% in cases with combined EPE and SVI versus 12.5% in cases with SVI alone (relative risk = 2.71). An additional cohort of 88 patients also showed a higher frequency of lymph node metastasis of 29% in patients with combined SVI and EPE at the time of radical prostatectomy versus a 10% frequency of lymph node metastasis in patients with SVI alone (relative risk = 2.9). Based on our data, we propose further subdividing pT3 prostate cancers into three groups: EPE alone (pT3a), SVI alone (pT3b), and combined EPE and SVI (pT3c). This classification system would more accurately identify patients with pT3 prostate cancer who are more likely to experience worse outcomes and provide clinicians with additional information to aid in follow-up and postoperative treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseeb Rehman
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ziad M El-Zaatari
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sang H Han
- Department of pathology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Republic of Korea
| | - Steven S Shen
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alberto G Ayala
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Brian Miles
- Department of Urology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mukul K Divatia
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Megan S Ketcham
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Betty M Chung
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John T Rogers
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jae Y Ro
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, Texas, USA.
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17
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Macchietto MG, Langlois RA, Shen SS. Virus-induced transposable element expression up-regulation in human and mouse host cells. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:3/2/e201900536. [PMID: 31964680 PMCID: PMC6977392 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide transposon expression up-regulation in host cells regardless of virus, species, and host cell tissue types occurs early during viral infection and likely contributes to promoting the host innate immune response. Virus–host cell interactions initiate a host cell–defensive response during virus infection. How transposable elements in the host cell respond to viral stress at the molecular level remains largely unclear. By reanalyzing next generation sequencing data sets from dozens of virus infection studies from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, we found that genome-wide transposon expression up-regulation in host cells occurs near antiviral response genes and exists in all studies regardless of virus, species, and host cell tissue types. Some transposons were found to be up-regulated almost immediately upon infection and before increases in virus replication and significant increases in interferon β expression. These findings indicate that transposon up-regulation is a common phenomenon during virus infection in human and mouse and that early up-regulated transposons are part of the first wave response during virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan A Langlois
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Steven S Shen
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA .,Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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18
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Abstract
CONTEXT.— Core biopsy has been increasingly used for clinical decision-making in the management of patients with renal masses. The sensitivity and specificity of histologic diagnoses of renal mass biopsies depend on many factors such as adequate sampling and tissue processing, diagnostic skill and experience, and appropriate use of ancillary techniques. OBJECTIVE.— To review the indications, emphasize the importance of obtaining adequate diagnostic material, and introduce a general diagnostic approach, in conjunction with immunohistochemistry, in diagnosis of renal mass biopsies. DATA SOURCES.— Literature review and personal experiences in daily practice and consultation diagnosis of renal masses in a large tertiary medical center. CONCLUSIONS.— For renal mass biopsies, it is critical to obtain adequate diagnostic material and establish a standard laboratory procedure in working with small biopsy specimens. The key for the diagnosis is to be familiar with different tumor entities with characteristic morphology and to understand the wide spectrum of tumor heterogeneity. By developing a systematic approach, one can categorize the tumor and create a sensible differential diagnosis based on the growth pattern and cellular morphology. Immunohistochemistry is particularly helpful for renal mass biopsy diagnosis in selected situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven S Shen
- From the Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Jae Y Ro
- From the Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
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19
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Al-Sabeq B, Shen SS, Reardon M, Nabi F. Lightning striking twice: Redo mitral valve replacement due to recurrent cardiac sarcoma using partial autotransplantation technique. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 158:e1-e4. [PMID: 30857811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.01.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Basil Al-Sabeq
- Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, Tex
| | - Steven S Shen
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Tex
| | - Michael Reardon
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Tex.
| | - Faisal Nabi
- Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, Tex
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21
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Zhang XP, Hu PZ, Shen SS, Li XY. [Clinical characteristics and prognostic analyses of 87 patients with pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2018; 40:452-455. [PMID: 29936772 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3766.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, therapy and prognosis of patients with pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Methods: The clinical data of 87 patients diagnosed as pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma at The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from April 2011 to May 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinicopathological features were summarized and the prognoses were analyzed. Results: Among the 87 patients with lung mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 53 were male and 34 were female, the gender ratio between men and women was 1.56∶1.The ages of patients were from 16 to 79 years and the median age was 52.5 years. Seventeen cases were diagnosed as stage Ⅰ, 28 cases were stage Ⅱ, 26 cases were stage Ⅲ, 16 cases were stage Ⅳ.Thirty-six patients were examined by immunohistochemistry, of which 29 cases were cytokeratin (CK) 5/6 positive, 29 cases were CK7 positive, 10 cases were CK positive, 28 cases were p63 positive, 14 cases were p40 positive, 17 cases were thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) positive, 11 cases were NapsinA positive, 2 cases were epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) positive, 4 cases were CK8/18 positive, 3 cases were surfactant proteins A (SPA) positive, 1 case was CAM5.2 positive and 1 case was CK14 positive. Among the 87 patients, 34 cases were treated by operation alone, 23 cases were treated by operation combined with chemotherapy, 5 cases were treated by radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy, 14 cases were treated by chemotherapy alone, 2 cases were treated by particle implantation combined with chemotherapy, 2 cases were treated by local radiofrequency hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy, and 7 cases without special treatment.Five patients with brain metastasis were treated with cerebral radiotherapy combined with sequential chemotherapy. The 1-year, 2-year and 5-year survival rates of 87 patients were 90.7%, 81.6% and 46.3%, respectively. The median survival time was 60 months. The prognoses of patients with lung mucoepidermoid carcinoma were related with the clinical stage, smoking and operative therapy (all P<0.05). Conclusions: The age distribution of patients with pulmonary mucoepidermoid is a wide range, the incidence of male is higher than that of female. The diagnosis of pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma mainly relies on the morphological diagnosis and the immunohistochemical detection is non-specific. The prognoses of patients with lung mucoepidermoid carcinoma are related with clinical stage, smoking and operative therapy. For patients who are inoperable and with single distant metastasis, local radiotherapy, other local treatment and chemotherapy can significantly improve their prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- X P Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - P Z Hu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - S S Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - X Y Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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Tretiakova M, Mehta V, Kocherginsky M, Minor A, Shen SS, Sirintrapun SJ, Yao JL, Alvarado-Cabrero I, Antic T, Eggener SE, Picken MM, Paner GP. Predominantly cystic clear cell renal cell carcinoma and multilocular cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential form a low-grade spectrum. Virchows Arch 2018; 473:85-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-018-2371-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Yu HS, Guo H, Shen SS, Li XC, Zhang LP, Fan XF. [Prenatal diagnosis of women with an adverse reproductive history using both traditional karyotyping and SNP-array]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 2018; 53:155-159. [PMID: 29609228 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-567x.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the occurrence of fetal chromosomal abnormalities among pregnant women with an adverse reproductive history using traditional karyotyping and single nucleotide polymorphism microarray (SNP-array) technology. Methods: Totally 94 in 2 163 (4.35%) cases of singleton pregnant women with an adverse reproductive history were performed amniocentesis in Jinhua Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from June 2015 to June 2017. Traditional karyotyping and SNP-array were employed simultaneously for prenatal diagnosis, and the detection rates of the two methods were compared. Results: All of the 94 specimens were successfully analyzed, 11 cases were found with chromosomal anomaly, the overall detection rate was 11.7%(11/94). Seven (7.4%,7/94) abnormalities cases were detected by karyotyping, and 7(7.4%) by SNP-array. The karyotyping results of trisomy 21, and 45,X and the deletion of chromosome 13 were consistent with SNP-array. Only 3 (3.2%, 3/94) microdeletion/duplications (the sizes of duplications and deletions were between 422.4-1 708.4 kb) and 1 (1/4) loss of heterozygosity were detected by SNP-array, but were missed by karyotyping. Furthermore, 2 cases' copy number variation were found pathogenic gene related, while the other 2 were considered benign or variant of uncertain significance. Four cases (4/7) of abnormalities were detected by karyotyping, while confirmed balanced translocation and inversion by SNP-array. All patients were informed and chosen to continue the pregnancy. Conclusions: The rate of abnormal fetal chromosomes in pregnant women with an adverse reproductive history is still high. SNP-array is a new molecular genetic technique, and combined with use of traditional karyotyping, it could improve the detection rate of fetal chromosomal abnormalities and reduce abortion rate, thus providing a basis for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Yu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Jinhua Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinhua 321000, China
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McCroskey Z, Koen TM, Lim DJ, Divatia MK, Shen SS, Ayala AG, Ro JY. Prostatic adenocarcinoma in the setting of persistent müllerian duct syndrome: a case report. Hum Pathol 2017; 75:125-131. [PMID: 29137935 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Persistent müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is a form of disordered sex development in which rudimentary müllerian structures are identified in phenotypically and genotypically normal males. It is caused by defects in the anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) system. Since patients with PMDS present with undescended testes, testosterone production by Leydig cells later in life is often decreased. The role of androgens in prostate cancerogenesis is well known. Cryptorchid testes and diminished testosterone levels in post-pubertal life in patients with PMDS play a protective role against prostate cancer, and hence, prostate cancer is a rare event in patients with PMDS. Herein, we present a patient who underwent prostatectomy for high-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma with persistent müllerian structures (such as rudimentary uterus, fallopian tubes, and cervix) identified during surgery. To our knowledge, this is the second case reported in the English language literature where PMDS was associated with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfia McCroskey
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, 77030, TX.
| | - Tracie M Koen
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, 77030, TX.
| | - David J Lim
- Department of Urology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, 77030, TX.
| | - Mukul K Divatia
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, 77030, TX.
| | - Steven S Shen
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, 77030, TX.
| | - Alberto G Ayala
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, 77030, TX.
| | - Jae Y Ro
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, 77030, TX.
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Xiao X, Hu R, Deng FM, Shen SS, Yang XJ, Wu CL. Practical Applications of Immunohistochemistry in the Diagnosis of Genitourinary Tumors. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2017; 141:1181-1194. [DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0530-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Context.—Pathologic diagnosis of tumors in the genitourinary system can be challenging based on morphology alone, particularly when diagnostic material is limited, such as in core biopsies. Immunohistochemical stain can be a useful tool to aid in the diagnosis.Objective.—To provide an update on practical applications and interpretation of immunohistochemical stains in the diagnosis of tumors in prostate, kidney, bladder, and testis. We particularly focus on difficult differential diagnoses, providing our insights in frequently encountered challenging situations. Commonly used immunohistochemical panels are discussed.Data Sources.—Review of literature and our own experience.Conclusion.—Immunohistochemical stain is a valuable tool in the diagnosis of genitourinary tumors when appropriately used.
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Arora K, Divatia MK, Truong L, Shen SS, Ayala AG, Ro JY. Sarcoid-like granulomas in renal cell carcinoma: The Houston Methodist Hospital experience. Ann Diagn Pathol 2017; 31:62-65. [PMID: 29146061 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoid-like (SL) granulomas have been previously described in association with malignant tumors. These granulomas appear to be tumor-related but are not indicative of systemic sarcoidosis, and hence are referred to as SL reactions. These SL reactions can be seen within the primary tumor, its vicinity, or in uninvolved sites such as the spleen, bone marrow, skin, and/or regional lymph nodes draining the tumor. It is a widely held view that SL granulomas are caused by soluble antigenic factors, shed by tumor cells or released due to tumor necrosis. SL reactions reported in Hodgkin lymphoma have been associated with a better prognosis. SL granulomas are thought to play an important role in the host's defenses against metastatic extension. SL granulomas have been reported in approximately 4.4% of carcinomas. Isolated cases of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with SL granulomas have been reported with questionable prognostic significance. We identified 11 cases of RCCs with SL granulomas. Interestingly, all cases had abundant clear cell cytoplasm (10 clear cell RCC cases and 1 clear cell papillary RCC). We propose that this clear, abundant cytoplasm of the tumor cells with high content of glycogen and lipids may trigger granuloma formation akin to that seen in seminomas with SL granulomas. To date, this is the largest case series of RCCs with SL granulomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Arora
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mukul K Divatia
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Luan Truong
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Steven S Shen
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alberto G Ayala
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jae Y Ro
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, TX, United States.
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Cartularo L, Kluz T, Cohen L, Shen SS, Costa M. Molecular Mechanisms of Malignant Transformation by Low Dose Cadmium in Normal Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155002. [PMID: 27186882 PMCID: PMC4871351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is a carcinogenic metal, the mechanisms of which are not fully understood. In this study, human bronchial epithelial cells were transformed with sub-toxic doses of cadmium (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 μM) and transformed clones were characterized for gene expression changes using RNA-seq, as well as other molecular measurements. 440 genes were upregulated and 47 genes were downregulated in cadmium clones relative to control clones over 1.25-fold. Upregulated genes were associated mostly with gene ontology terms related to embryonic development, immune response, and cell movement, while downregulated genes were associated with RNA metabolism and regulation of transcription. Several embryonic genes were upregulated, including the transcription regulator SATB2. SATB2 is critical for normal skeletal development and has roles in gene expression regulation and chromatin remodeling. Small hairpin RNA knockdown of SATB2 significantly inhibited growth in soft agar, indicating its potential as a driver of metal-induced carcinogenesis. An increase in oxidative stress and autophagy was observed in cadmium clones. In addition, the DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase was depleted by transformation with cadmium. MGMT loss caused significant decrease in cell viability after treatment with the alkylating agent temozolomide, demonstrating diminished capacity to repair such damage. Results reveal various mechanisms of cadmium-induced malignant transformation in BEAS-2B cells including upregulation of SATB2, downregulation of MGMT, and increased oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cartularo
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas Kluz
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lisa Cohen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Steven S. Shen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Genome Technology Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of Americ
| | - Max Costa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lauterstein DE, Tijerina PB, Corbett K, Akgol Oksuz B, Shen SS, Gordon T, Klein CB, Zelikoff JT. Frontal Cortex Transcriptome Analysis of Mice Exposed to Electronic Cigarettes During Early Life Stages. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016; 13:417. [PMID: 27077873 PMCID: PMC4847079 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13040417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), battery-powered devices containing nicotine, glycerin, propylene glycol, flavorings, and other substances, are increasing in popularity. They pose a potential threat to the developing brain, as nicotine is a known neurotoxicant. We hypothesized that exposure to e-cigarettes during early life stages induce changes in central nervous system (CNS) transcriptome associated with adverse neurobiological outcomes and long-term disease states. To test the hypothesis, pregnant C57BL/6 mice were exposed daily (via whole body inhalation) throughout gestation (3 h/day; 5 days/week) to aerosols produced from e-cigarettes either with nicotine (13-16 mg/mL) or without nicotine; following birth, pups and dams were exposed together to e-cigarette aerosols throughout lactation beginning at postnatal day (PND) 4-6 and using the same exposure conditions employed during gestational exposure. Following exposure, frontal cortex recovered from ~one-month-old male and female offspring were excised and analyzed for gene expression by RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq). Comparisons between the treatment groups revealed that e-cigarette constituents other than nicotine might be partly responsible for the observed biological effects. Transcriptome alterations in both offspring sexes and treatment groups were all significantly associated with downstream adverse neurobiological outcomes. Results from this study demonstrate that e-cigarette exposure during early life alters CNS development potentially leading to chronic neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana E Lauterstein
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA.
| | - Pamella B Tijerina
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA.
| | - Kevin Corbett
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA.
| | - Betul Akgol Oksuz
- Genome Technology Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Steven S Shen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA.
- Genome Technology Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
- Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Terry Gordon
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA.
| | - Catherine B Klein
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA.
| | - Judith T Zelikoff
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA.
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Yao Y, Chen T, Shen SS, Niu Y, DesMarais TL, Linn R, Saunders E, Fan Z, Lioy P, Kluz T, Chen LC, Wu Z, Costa M. Corrigendum to “Malignant human cell transformation of Marcellus shale gas drilling flow back water” [Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. (288/1) (2015) 121–130]. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Chatterjee SS, Saj A, Gocha T, Murphy M, Gonsalves FC, Zhang X, Hayward P, Akgöl Oksuz B, Shen SS, Madar A, Martinez Arias A, DasGupta R. Inhibition of β-catenin-TCF1 interaction delays differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. J Cell Biol 2016; 211:39-51. [PMID: 26459597 PMCID: PMC4602028 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201503017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Blocking β-catenin/TCF1–mediated transcriptional activation with a specific small molecule or by TCF1 knockdown delays the mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation program and enhances pluripotency. The ability of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to self-renew or differentiate into various cell lineages is regulated by signaling pathways and a core pluripotency transcriptional network (PTN) comprising Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway promotes pluripotency by alleviating T cell factor TCF3-mediated repression of the PTN. However, it has remained unclear how β-catenin’s function as a transcriptional activator with TCF1 influences mESC fate. Here, we show that TCF1-mediated transcription is up-regulated in differentiating mESCs and that chemical inhibition of β-catenin/TCF1 interaction improves long-term self-renewal and enhances functional pluripotency. Genetic loss of TCF1 inhibited differentiation by delaying exit from pluripotency and conferred a transcriptional profile strikingly reminiscent of self-renewing mESCs with high Nanog expression. Together, our data suggest that β-catenin’s function in regulating mESCs is highly context specific and that its interaction with TCF1 promotes differentiation, further highlighting the need for understanding how its individual protein–protein interactions drive stem cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujash S Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016
| | - Abil Saj
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672
| | - Tenzin Gocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016
| | - Matthew Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016
| | - Foster C Gonsalves
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672
| | - Penelope Hayward
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, England, UK
| | - Betül Akgöl Oksuz
- Bioinformatics Core, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016
| | - Steven S Shen
- Bioinformatics Core, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016
| | - Aviv Madar
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | | | - Ramanuj DasGupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016 Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672
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Hahn NM, Knudsen BS, Daneshmand S, Koch MO, Bihrle R, Foster RS, Gardner TA, Cheng L, Liu Z, Breen T, Fleming MT, Lance R, Corless CL, Alva AS, Shen SS, Huang F, Gertych A, Gallick GE, Mallick J, Ryan C, Galsky MD, Lerner SP, Posadas EM, Sonpavde G. Neoadjuvant dasatinib for muscle-invasive bladder cancer with tissue analysis of biologic activity. Urol Oncol 2016; 34:4.e11-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chatterjee SS, Saj A, Gocha T, Murphy M, Gonsalves FC, Zhang X, Hayward P, Akgöl Oksuz B, Shen SS, Madar A, Martinez Arias A, DasGupta R. Inhibition of β-catenin–TCF1 interaction delays differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. J Exp Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1084/jem.21211oia90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Yao Y, Chen T, Shen SS, Niu Y, DesMarais TL, Linn R, Saunders E, Fan Z, Lioy P, Kluz T, Chen LC, Wu Z, Costa M, Zelikoff J. Malignant human cell transformation of Marcellus Shale gas drilling flow back water. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015. [PMID: 26210350 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of high-volume horizontal hydraulic fracturing for mining natural gas from shale has posed potential impacts on human health and biodiversity. The produced flow back waters after hydraulic stimulation are known to carry high levels of saline and total dissolved solids. To understand the toxicity and potential carcinogenic effects of these wastewaters, flow back waters from five Marcellus hydraulic fracturing oil and gas wells were analyzed. The physicochemical nature of these samples was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. A cytotoxicity study using colony formation as the endpoint was carried out to define the LC50 values of test samples using human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). The BEAS-2B cell transformation assay was employed to assess the carcinogenic potential of the samples. Barium and strontium were among the most abundant metals in these samples and the same metals were found to be elevated in BEAS-2B cells after long-term treatment. BEAS-2B cells treated for 6weeks with flow back waters produced colony formation in soft agar that was concentration dependent. In addition, flow back water-transformed BEAS-2B cells show better migration capability when compared to control cells. This study provides information needed to assess the potential health impact of post-hydraulic fracturing flow back waters from Marcellus Shale natural gas mining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Yao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Public Health, China; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Tingting Chen
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Steven S Shen
- Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmaceutical, New York University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Yingmei Niu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Thomas L DesMarais
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Reka Linn
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Eric Saunders
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Zhihua Fan
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Paul Lioy
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Thomas Kluz
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Lung-Chi Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Zhuangchun Wu
- College of Science, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Max Costa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA.
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Wilson AA, Ying L, Liesa M, Segeritz CP, Mills JA, Shen SS, Jean J, Lonza GC, Liberti DC, Lang AH, Nazaire J, Gower AC, Müeller FJ, Mehta P, Ordóñez A, Lomas DA, Vallier L, Murphy GJ, Mostoslavsky G, Spira A, Shirihai OS, Ramirez MI, Gadue P, Kotton DN. Emergence of a stage-dependent human liver disease signature with directed differentiation of alpha-1 antitrypsin-deficient iPS cells. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 4:873-85. [PMID: 25843048 PMCID: PMC4437473 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide an inexhaustible source of cells for modeling disease and testing drugs. Here we develop a bioinformatic approach to detect differences between the genomic programs of iPSCs derived from diseased versus normal human cohorts as they emerge during in vitro directed differentiation. Using iPSCs generated from a cohort carrying mutations (PiZZ) in the gene responsible for alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency, we find that the global transcriptomes of PiZZ iPSCs diverge from normal controls upon differentiation to hepatic cells. Expression of 135 genes distinguishes PiZZ iPSC-hepatic cells, providing potential clues to liver disease pathogenesis. The disease-specific cells display intracellular accumulation of mutant AAT protein, resulting in increased autophagic flux. Furthermore, we detect beneficial responses to the drug carbamazepine, which further augments autophagic flux, but adverse responses to known hepatotoxic drugs. Our findings support the utility of iPSCs as tools for drug development or prediction of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Wilson
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Lei Ying
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marc Liesa
- Evans Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Department of Medicine, Mitochondria ARC, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Charis-Patricia Segeritz
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine and Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Jason A Mills
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Steven S Shen
- Division of Computational Biomedicine and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jyhchang Jean
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Geordie C Lonza
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Derek C Liberti
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Alex H Lang
- Physics Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jean Nazaire
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Adam C Gower
- Division of Computational Biomedicine and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Franz-Josef Müeller
- Zentrum für Integrative Psychiatrie, Universitätsklinikums Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Pankaj Mehta
- Physics Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Adriana Ordóñez
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge CB0 2XY, UK
| | - David A Lomas
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge CB0 2XY, UK
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine and Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - George J Murphy
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Gustavo Mostoslavsky
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Avrum Spira
- Division of Computational Biomedicine and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Evans Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Department of Medicine, Mitochondria ARC, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Maria I Ramirez
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Paul Gadue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Darrell N Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Iczkowski KA, Egevad L, Ma J, Harding-Jackson N, Algaba F, Billis A, Camparo P, Cheng L, Clouston D, Comperat EM, Datta MW, Evans AG, Griffiths DF, Guo CC, Hailemariam S, Huang W, Humphrey PA, Jiang Z, Kahane H, Kristiansen G, La Rosa FG, Lopez-Beltran A, MacLennan GT, Magi-Galluzzi C, Merrimen J, Montironi R, Osunkoya AO, Picken MM, Rao N, Shah RB, Shanks JH, Shen SS, Tawfik OW, True LD, Van der Kwast T, Varma M, Wheeler TM, Zynger DL, Sahr N, Bostwick DG. Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate: interobserver reproducibility survey of 39 urologic pathologists. Ann Diagn Pathol 2014; 18:333-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Fitzgibbons PL, Bradley LA, Fatheree LA, Alsabeh R, Fulton RS, Goldsmith JD, Haas TS, Karabakhtsian RG, Loykasek PA, Marolt MJ, Shen SS, Smith AT, Swanson PE. Principles of analytic validation of immunohistochemical assays: Guideline from the College of American Pathologists Pathology and Laboratory Quality Center. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2014; 138:1432-43. [PMID: 24646069 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2013-0610-cp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Laboratories must validate all assays before they can be used to test patient specimens, but currently there are no evidence-based guidelines regarding validation of immunohistochemical assays. OBJECTIVE To develop recommendations for initial analytic validation and revalidation of immunohistochemical assays. DESIGN The College of American Pathologists Pathology and Laboratory Quality Center convened a panel of pathologists and histotechnologists with expertise in immunohistochemistry to develop validation recommendations. A systematic evidence review was conducted to address key questions. Electronic searches identified 1463 publications, of which 126 met inclusion criteria and were extracted. Individual publications were graded for quality, and the key question findings for strength of evidence. Recommendations were derived from strength of evidence, open comment feedback, and expert panel consensus. RESULTS Fourteen guideline statements were established to help pathology laboratories comply with validation and revalidation requirements for immunohistochemical assays. CONCLUSIONS Laboratories must document successful analytic validation of all immunohistochemical tests before applying to patient specimens. The parameters for cases included in validation sets, including number, expression levels, fixative and processing methods, should take into account intended use and should be sufficient to ensure that the test accurately measures the analyte of interest in specimens tested in that laboratory. Recommendations are also provided for confirming assay performance when there are changes in test methods, reagents, or equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L Fitzgibbons
- From the Department of Pathology, St. Jude Medical Center, Fullerton, California (Dr Fitzgibbons); the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Women & Infants Hospital/Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (Dr Bradley); the College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois (Ms Fatheree and Mr Smith); the Department of Pathology, Kaiser Permanente - Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (Dr Alsabeh); PhenoPath Laboratories, Seattle, Washington (Dr Fulton); the Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Goldsmith); the Department of Pathology, Mercy Hospital, Janesville, Wisconsin (Dr Haas); the Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York (Dr Karabakhtsian); Regional Medical Laboratory, St John's Medical Center, Tulsa, Oklahoma (Ms Loykasek); the Department of Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Fairview, Minneapolis (Dr Marolt); the Department of Pathology, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (Dr Shen); and the Department of Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (Dr Swanson)
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Miyai K, Kristiansen A, Egevad L, Pina-Oviedo S, Divatia MK, Shen SS, Miles BJ, Ayala AG, Park YW, Ro JY. Seminal vesicle intraepithelial involvement by prostate cancer: putative mechanism and clinicopathological significance. Hum Pathol 2014; 45:1805-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Polycomb-repressive complex 2 (PRC2) facilitates the maintenance and inheritance of chromatin domains repressive to transcription through catalysis of methylation of histone H3 at Lys27 (H3K27me2/3). However, through its EZH2 subunit, PRC2 also binds to nascent transcripts from active genes that are devoid of H3K27me2/3 in embryonic stem cells. Here, biochemical analyses indicated that RNA interaction inhibits SET domain-containing proteins, such as PRC2, nonspecifically in vitro. However, CRISPR-mediated truncation of a PRC2-interacting nascent RNA rescued PRC2-mediated deposition of H3K27me2/3. That PRC2 activity is inhibited by interactions with nascent transcripts supports a model in which PRC2 can only mark for repression those genes silenced by transcriptional repressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syuzo Kaneko
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA
| | - Jinsook Son
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA
| | - Roberto Bonasio
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Epigenetics Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Steven S Shen
- Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Danny Reinberg
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA
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von Rundstedt FC, Lerner SP, Godoy G, Amiel G, Wheeler TM, Truong LD, Shen SS. Usefulness of transurethral biopsy for staging the prostatic urethra before radical cystectomy. J Urol 2014; 193:58-63. [PMID: 25106902 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.07.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We determined the likelihood that transurethral resection biopsy of the prostatic urethra adjacent to the verumontanum would detect prostatic involvement of urothelial carcinoma in patients with bladder carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared precystectomy transurethral resection biopsy specimens of the prostatic urethra with those of the matched radical cystoprostatectomy in 272 patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. All prostates were evaluated by whole mount step sections. RESULTS Prostatic involvement by urothelial carcinoma was detected by transurethral resection biopsy or radical cystoprostatectomy in 101 patients (37.1%). Transurethral resection biopsy detected urothelial carcinoma in 72 cases with 71.3% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The overall accuracy of transurethral resection biopsy to detect urothelial carcinoma of the prostate was 89% (positive and negative predictive values 100% and 86%, respectively). Invasive prostatic urothelial carcinoma arising from the prostatic urethra was detected by transurethral resection biopsy in 21 of 26 patients (81%) while prostatic carcinoma in situ was detected in 39 of 52 (75%). Transurethral resection biopsy detected prostatic invasive urothelial carcinoma resulting from transmural invasion of a bladder tumor in 4 of 15 patients. CONCLUSIONS Prostatic involvement by urothelial carcinoma of the bladder was found in 37.1% of patients. Transurethral resection biopsy missed most tumors resulting from transmural invasion of the bladder primary lesion. Carcinoma in situ and invasive urothelial carcinoma arising from the prostatic urethra were detected in most cases. Transurethral resection biopsy of the prostatic urethra can complement staging and support clinical decision making with respect to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and planning for an orthotopic neobladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Carl von Rundstedt
- Scott Department of Urology, Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital (LDT, SSS), Houston, Texas
| | - Seth P Lerner
- Scott Department of Urology, Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital (LDT, SSS), Houston, Texas
| | - Guilherme Godoy
- Scott Department of Urology, Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital (LDT, SSS), Houston, Texas
| | - Gilad Amiel
- Scott Department of Urology, Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital (LDT, SSS), Houston, Texas
| | - Thomas M Wheeler
- Scott Department of Urology, Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital (LDT, SSS), Houston, Texas
| | - Luan D Truong
- Scott Department of Urology, Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital (LDT, SSS), Houston, Texas
| | - Steven S Shen
- Scott Department of Urology, Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital (LDT, SSS), Houston, Texas.
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Zhou H, Ro JY, Truong LD, Ayala AG, Shen SS. Intraoperative frozen section evaluation of ureteral and urethral margins: studies of 203 consecutive radical cystoprostatectomy for men with bladder urothelial carcinoma. Am J Clin Exp Urol 2014; 2:156-160. [PMID: 25374918 PMCID: PMC4219306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Intraoperative frozen section (FS) evaluation of ureteral and urethral margins is frequently requested during radical cystoprostatectomy in patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma. However, it is still controversial whether intraoperative FSs of ureteral and urethral margins are necessary in all patients with cystoprostatectomy or a risk-based assessment with limited to the high risk patients is the best approach. A total of 203 radical cystoprostatectomy specimens with FS evaluation on margin status from men treated for bladder urothelial carcinoma from 2003 to 2010 in our institution were reviewed. Clinicopathologic features studied include: patients' age, pathologic tumor stage, presence of carcinoma in- situ (CIS), and intraoperative FS diagnosis. All 203 patients had intraoperative FS evaluation of ureter, and of these, 37 patients had additional urethra FS evaluation. Of the 203 ureteral FS cases, 17 (8.4%) had positive margin for CIS (16 cases) or CIS with invasive urothelial carcinoma (1 case). All 17 patients with positive ureteral margin on FS had concomitant CIS in the bladder (15.5%; 17 of 110 patients). In contrast, none of the patients without concomitant CIS (n=93) had positive ureteral margins on FS. Among 37 patients who also had FS evaluation on urethral resection margin, 3 patients (8.1%) had positive margins for CIS and all three of them had concomitant CIS in the bladder. Positive ureteral/urethral margin was not associated with patients' age or tumor stage, but was significantly associated with the presence of CIS in the bladder (p<0.001). Our study demonstrates that presence of concomitant CIS in bladder cancer was often associated with positive ureteral or urethral margin for CIS or invasive carcinoma; therefore, intraoperative FS evaluation may be indicated to these patients with concomitant bladder CIS. In contrast, in patients with no associated concomitant CIS in the bladder, FS of ureteral/urethral margins may not be necessary unless other clinical justification is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jae Y Ro
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luan D Truong
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alberto G Ayala
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven S Shen
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University Houston, TX, USA
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Paner GP, Annaiah C, Gulmann C, Rao P, Ro JY, Hansel DE, Shen SS, Lopez-Beltran A, Aron M, Luthringer DJ, De Peralta-Venturina M, Cho Y, Amin MB. Immunohistochemical evaluation of novel and traditional markers associated with urothelial differentiation in a spectrum of variants of urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Hum Pathol 2014; 45:1473-82. [PMID: 24780825 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2014.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Data on immunohistochemical expression of novel and traditional urothelial markers in the wide range of urothelial carcinoma variants have so far been very limited. In this study, whole tissue sections from 130 bladder urothelial carcinoma and variants were stained with a panel of novel and traditional immunomarkers supportive of urothelial lineage. The positivity rates were as follows: (a) urothelial carcinomas with or without divergent differentiation: GATA3 (50%), S-100P (86%), uroplakin III (20%), thrombomodulin (40%), cytokeratin 7 (CK7) (80%), CK20 (55%), p63 (87%), and high molecular weight cytokeratin (HMCK) (89%); (b) urothelial carcinoma variants (micropapillary, plasmacytoid, nested, clear cell, and microcystic): GATA3 (88%), S-100P (96%), uroplakin III (33%), thrombomodulin (49%), CK7 (95%), CK20 (61%), p63 (69%), and HMCK (96%); and (c) undifferentiated carcinomas (lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, sarcomatoid carcinoma and carcinoma with rhabdoid and giant cells): GATA3 (28%), S-100P (31%), uroplakin III (0%), thrombomodulin (22%), CK7 (50%), CK20 (3%), p63 (50%), and HMCK (49%). In urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation, GATA3 expression was lower (20%) in contrast to p63 and S-100P. In urothelial carcinoma with glandular differentiation, GATA3 (50%) and p63 (60%) expression was lower than S-100P (100%). p63 expression was relatively lower in micropapillary (54%) and plasmacytoid (50%) variants compared with the other urothelial carcinoma variants. This study provides comprehensive data for novel and traditionally used markers to support urothelial lineage in urothelial carcinoma variants. Our findings show that GATA3, S-100P, CK7, CK20, HMCK, and p63, in the appropriate differential diagnostic setting, are useful to support urothelial lineage of variant morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladell P Paner
- Departments of Pathology and Surgery, Section of Urology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chandrakanth Annaiah
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Christian Gulmann
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Pathology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Priya Rao
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jae Y Ro
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Donna E Hansel
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Steven S Shen
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Manju Aron
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Daniel J Luthringer
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | | | - Yong Cho
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mahul B Amin
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Miyai K, Mullick SS, Divatia MK, Shen SS, Ayala AG, Ro JY. Renal sclerosing perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa)/angiomyolipoma with extensive rhabdoid cell features. Pathol Int 2014; 64:247-50. [PMID: 24888780 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Miyai
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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Kryvenko ON, Haley SL, Smith SC, Shen SS, Paluru S, Gupta NS, Jorda M, Epstein JI, Amin MB, Truong LD. Haemangiomas in kidneys with end-stage renal disease: a novel clinicopathological association. Histopathology 2014; 65:309-18. [PMID: 24548339 DOI: 10.1111/his.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The study of haemangiomas in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty ESRD nephrectomies from 16 patients (aged 9 months-68 years) were due to hypertension (four), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (four), lupus nephritis (three), diabetes (one), IgA nephropathy (one), hereditary nephritis (one), congenital nephrotic syndrome (one) and unknown cause (one). Haemangiomas appeared as a single mass (15), two masses (one), three masses (one), four masses (two) and eight masses (one) per kidney. Tumours measured 0.2-3.5 cm. Four patients had bilateral haemangiomas. All tumours were in the medulla and often abutted renal sinus fat. All except one of the tumours were anastomosing haemangiomas, showing isolated or interconnected sinusoidal capillary-sized vascular channels lined by a single layer of benign cuboidal CD34(+) , CD31(+) , D2-40(-) endothelial cells, separated by loose stroma with spindle cells. One tumour was a cellular capillary haemangioma. Intravascular growth was seen in nine specimens. All haemangiomas had extramedullary haematopoiesis. Acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) was seen in 11 kidneys (nine patients), renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in five, ACKD-associated RCC precursors in three, Wilms' tumour in one and papillary adenomas in five. CONCLUSIONS Anastomosing haemangioma appears as a distinctive clinicopathological entity developing in kidneys with ESRD, with or without ACKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr N Kryvenko
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
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Shaik-Dasthagirisaheb YB, Huang N, Weinberg EO, Shen SS, Genco CA, Gibson FC. Aging and contribution of MyD88 and TRIF to expression of TLR pathway-associated genes following stimulation with Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Periodontal Res 2014; 50:89-102. [PMID: 24862405 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Periodontal disease is a highly complex chronic inflammatory disease of the oral cavity. Multiple factors influence periodontal disease, including socio-economic status, genetics and age; however, inflammation elicited by the presence of specific bacteria in the subgingival space is thought to drive the majority of soft- and hard-tissue destruction. Porphyromonas gingivalis is closely associated with periodontal disease. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their intracellular signaling pathways play roles in the host response to P. gingivalis. The focus of the current study was to use microarray analysis to define the contributions of the TLR adaptor molecules myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-beta (TRIF), and aging, on the expression of TLR pathway-associated mRNAs in response to P. gingivalis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMØ) from wild-type (Wt), MyD88 knockout (MyD88-KO) and Trif(Lps2) [i.e. containing a point mutation in the lipopolysaccharide 2 (Lps2) gene rendering the Toll/interleukin (IL)-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-beta (TRIF) protein nonfunctional] mice, at 2-and 12-mo of age, were cultured with P. gingivalis. Expression of genes in BMØ cultured with P. gingivalis was determined in comparison with expression of genes in BMØ cultured in medium only. RESULTS Using, as criteria, a twofold increase or decrease in mRNA expression, differential expression of 32 genes was observed when Wt BMØ from 2-mo-old mice were cultured with P. gingivalis compared with the medium-only control. When compared with 2-mo-old Wt mice, 21 and 12 genes were differentially expressed (p < 0.05) as a result of the mutations in MyD88 or TRIF, respectively. The expression of five genes was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in Wt BMØ from 12-mo-old mice compared with those from 2-mo-old mice following culture with P. gingivalis. Age also influenced the expression of genes in MyD88-KO and Trif(Lps2) mice challenged with P. gingivalis. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that P. gingivalis induces differential expression of TLR pathway-associated genes, and both MyD88 and TRIF play roles in the expression of these genes. Age also played a role in the expression of TLR-associated genes following stimulation of BMØ with P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y B Shaik-Dasthagirisaheb
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Miyai K, Divatia MK, Shen SS, Miles BJ, Ayala AG, Ro JY. Heterogeneous clinicopathological features of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate: a comparison between "precursor-like" and "regular type" lesions. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7:2518-2526. [PMID: 24966964 PMCID: PMC4069506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) has been described as a lesion associated with intraductal spread of invasive carcinoma and consequently aggressive disease. However, there are a few reported cases of pure IDC-P without an associated invasive component, strongly suggesting that this subset of IDC-P may represent a precursor lesion. We compared the clinicopathological features between the morphologically "regular type" IDC-P and "precursor-like" IDC-P. IDC-P was defined as follows; 1) solid/dense cribriform lesions or 2) loose cribriform/micropapillary lesions with prominent nuclear pleomorphism and/or non-focal comedonecrosis. We defined precursor-like IDC-P as follows; 1) IDC-P without adjoining invasive adenocarcinoma but carcinoma present distant from the IDC-P or 2) IDC-P having adjoining invasive microcarcinoma (less than 0.05 ml) and showing a morphologic transition from high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) to the IDC-P. IDC-P lacking the features of precursor-like IDC-P was categorized as regular type IDC-P. Of 901 radical prostatectomies performed at our hospital, 141 and 14 showed regular type IDC-P and precursor-like IDC-P in whole-mounted specimens, respectively. Regular type IDC-P cases had significantly higher Gleason score, more frequent extraprostatic extension and seminal vesicle invasion, more advanced pathological T stage, and lower 5-year biochemical recurrence-free rate than precursor-like IDC-P cases. Multivariate analysis revealed nodal metastasis and the presence of regular type IDC-P as independent predictors for biochemical recurrence. Our data suggest that IDC-P may be heterogeneous with variable clinicopathological features. We also suggest that not all IDC-P cases represent intraductal spread of pre-existing invasive cancer, and a subset of IDC-P may be a precursor lesion.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Biopsy
- Carcinoma, Ductal/blood
- Carcinoma, Ductal/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Ductal/mortality
- Carcinoma, Ductal/secondary
- Carcinoma, Ductal/surgery
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/blood
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/mortality
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/secondary
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/surgery
- Disease-Free Survival
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Kallikreins/blood
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Multivariate Analysis
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Staging
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Proportional Hazards Models
- Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood
- Prostatectomy
- Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia/blood
- Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia/chemistry
- Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia/mortality
- Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia/secondary
- Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia/surgery
- Prostatic Neoplasms/blood
- Prostatic Neoplasms/chemistry
- Prostatic Neoplasms/mortality
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/surgery
- Risk Factors
- Time Factors
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Miyai
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell UniversityHouston, TX, USA
| | - Mukul K Divatia
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell UniversityHouston, TX, USA
| | - Steven S Shen
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell UniversityHouston, TX, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell UniversityHouston, TX, USA
| | - Brian J Miles
- Department of Urology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell UniversityHouston, TX, USA
| | - Alberto G Ayala
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell UniversityHouston, TX, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell UniversityHouston, TX, USA
| | - Jae Y Ro
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell UniversityHouston, TX, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell UniversityHouston, TX, USA
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Miyai K, Divatia MK, Shen SS, Miles BJ, Ayala AG, Ro JY. Clinicopathological analysis of intraductal proliferative lesions of prostate: intraductal carcinoma of prostate, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and atypical cribriform lesion. Hum Pathol 2014; 45:1572-81. [PMID: 24842280 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) are two distinct intraductal lesions; the former is usually associated with invasive carcinoma and has an aggressive course while the latter is considered a precancerous lesion. In addition, there are morphologically lesions not well characterized that fall between IDC-P and HGPIN, consequently termed "atypical cribriform lesions (ACLs)." Using whole mount radical prostatectomy specimens, we evaluated the relationship between these intraductal proliferative lesions and clinicopathological parameters. In this study, ACLs were characterized as a loose cribriform intraductal proliferation with greater architectural complexity when compared to HGPIN, but lacking significant nuclear pleomorphism and/or comedonecrosis. Of 901 radical prostatectomies (2006-2012), IDC-P, ACL, and HGPIN were recorded in 155, 22, 436 cases, respectively. Patients with IDC-P showed more aggressive pathologic features when compared to HGPIN. Invasive cancers in patients with ACL had higher Gleason score (P=.00016), larger tumor volume (P=.025), and more advanced pT stage (P=.023) than those with HGPIN. Cases with ACL showed a higher risk of biochemical recurrence than those with HGPIN and a lower risk than those with IDC-P based on log-rank tests (P=.0045 and P=.0069, respectively). In multivariate analysis, the presence of HGPIN was identified as an independent predictor for infrequent biochemical recurrence (P=.0058). We confirmed IDC-P as a marker of adverse pathologic features and clinical aggressiveness. Our results suggest that ACL should be distinguished from HGPIN and these lesions mandate active clinical surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Miyai
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mukul K Divatia
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven S Shen
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian J Miles
- Department of Urology, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alberto G Ayala
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jae Y Ro
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, TX, USA.
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Abstract
Polycomb-repressive complex 2 (PRC2) comprises specific members of the Polycomb group of epigenetic modulators. PRC2 catalyzes methylation of histone H3 at Lys 27 (H3K27me3) through its Enhancer of zeste (Ezh) constituent, of which there are two mammalian homologs: Ezh1 and Ezh2. Several ancillary factors, including Jarid2, modulate PRC2 function, with Jarid2 facilitating its recruitment to target genes. Jarid2, like Ezh2, is present in poorly differentiated and actively dividing cells, while Ezh1 associates with PRC2 in all cells, including resting cells. We found that Jarid2 exhibits nucleosome-binding activity that contributes to PRC2 stimulation. Moreover, such nucleosome-binding activity is exhibited by PRC2 comprising Ezh1 (PRC2-Ezh1), in contrast to PRC2-Ezh2. The presence of Ezh1 helps to maintain PRC2 occupancy on its target genes in myoblasts where Jarid2 is not expressed. Our findings allow us to propose a model in which PRC2-Ezh2 is important for the de novo establishment of H3K27me3 in dividing cells, whereas PRC2-Ezh1 is required for its maintenance in resting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsook Son
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
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48
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Kaneko S, Son J, Shen SS, Reinberg D, Bonasio R. PRC2 binds active promoters and contacts nascent RNAs in embryonic stem cells. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2013; 20:1258-64. [PMID: 24141703 PMCID: PMC3839660 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
EZH2 is the catalytic subunit of PRC2, a central epigenetic repressor essential for development processes in vivo and for the differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in vitro. The biochemical function of PRC2 in depositing repressive H3K27me3 marks is well understood, but how it is regulated and directed to specific genes before and during differentiation remains unknown. Here, we report that PRC2 binds at low levels to a majority of promoters in mouse ESCs, including many that are active and devoid of H3K27me3. Using in vivo RNA–protein crosslinking, we show that EZH2 directly binds to the 5′ of nascent RNAs transcribed from a subset of these promoters and that these binding events correlate with decreased H3K27me3. Our findings suggest a molecular mechanism by which PRC2 senses the transcriptional state of the cell and translates it into epigenetic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syuzo Kaneko
- 1] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA. [2] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Crumley S, Ge Y, Zhou H, Shen SS, Ro JY. Interstitial cystitis: another IgG4-related inflammatory disease? Ann Diagn Pathol 2013; 17:403-7. [PMID: 23732167 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a disease of undetermined etiology and pathogenesis. Inflammation is thought to play a key role in many patients, characteristically with an increase in mast cells within the detrusor muscle of the bladder. We observed that some patients with IC had prominent plasma cells in bladder tissue, which elicited our interest in their possible pathogenic role in patients with IC. A total of 44 cases of IC were collected, including 42 bladder biopsies and 2 cystectomies. Patient age ranged from 18 to 92 years (average age of 49.5 years) and included 7 male and 37 female patients. The histology and immunostains for IgG, IgG4 and tryptase were examined, and the results were correlated with clinical and cystoscopic findings. Four cases showed a significant increase in IgG4-positive plasma cells, with greater than 30 IgG4 plasma cells per high-power field and an IgG4/IgG ratio greater than 0.5. In addition, statistically significant differences were found between IC with IgG4-positive plasma cells vs IgG4-negative cases. The IgG4-positive patients were of older age and had increased severe inflammation and decreased bladder capacity as compared with the IgG4-negative patients. We propose that a subset of patients with IC may have an IgG4-related disease, and further study including serum IgG4 measurement is required to better define this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Crumley
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX
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Piña-Oviedo S, Shen SS, Truong LD, Ayala AG, Ro JY. Flat pattern of nephrogenic adenoma: previously unrecognized pattern unveiled using PAX2 and PAX8 immunohistochemistry. Mod Pathol 2013; 26:792-8. [PMID: 23328975 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2012.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nephrogenic adenoma is a benign lesion of the urinary tract, particularly the urinary bladder. It is a gross and microscopic mimicker of urothelial neoplasm or metastatic carcinoma. Several histological patterns (tubular, tubulocystic, polypoid, papillary, fibromyxoid) have been recognized, but a flat pattern has not been described. Histologically, nephrogenic adenoma consists of tubules, cysts or papillae lined by flat to polygonal cells with frequent hobnail appearance. The stroma is often edematous or has a granulation tissue-like appearance with acute or chronic inflammation. By immunohistochemistry, nephrogenic adenomas are positive for renal epithelial markers CK7, CD10 and alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase, and negative for bladder urothelium or prostate markers. Recent studies have shown that nephrogenic adenomas are positive for PAX2 and PAX8. We encountered an interesting case of tubular nephrogenic adenoma with adjacent areas suspicious of flat urothelial atypia. Immunohistochemistry for PAX2 and PAX8 were positive in these areas, unveiling a flat pattern of nephrogenic adenoma. This case prompted us to study 15 cases of nephrogenic adenoma to determine additional instances of flat pattern and to assess the value of PAX2 and PAX8 immunoreactivity to diagnose nephrogenic adenoma. PAX2 and PAX8 immunostaining was positive in 14/15 and 15/15 cases, respectively. The flat pattern was present at least focally adjacent to tubular, polypoid and papillary areas, in 8/15 cases of nephrogenic adenoma. In conclusion, the flat pattern is a common finding in nephrogenic adenomas, but easily under recognized by morphologic examination and may be confused with flat urothelial lesions with atypia. Immunostains for PAX2 and PAX8 are useful in the detection of nephrogenic adenomas and particularly unveil those nephrogenic adenomas with flat pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Piña-Oviedo
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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