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Sutradhar S, Mondal A, Kuehne F, Krueger O, Rakshit SK, Kang K. Comparison of Oil-Seed Shell Biomass-Based Biochar for the Removal of Anionic Dyes-Characterization and Adsorption Efficiency Studies. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:820. [PMID: 38592844 PMCID: PMC10975770 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
This research investigated the synthesis of biochar through the direct pyrolysis of pre-roasted sunflower seed shells (SFS) and peanut shells (PNS) and compared their application for the effective removal of textile dyes from wastewater. Biochar prepared at 900 °C (SFS900 and PNS900) showed the highest adsorption capacity, which can be attributed to the presence of higher nitrogen content and graphite-like structures. CHNS analysis revealed that PNS900 exhibited an 11.4% higher carbon content than SFS900, which enhanced the environmental stability of PNS biochar. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses of the produced biochar indicated the degradation of cellulosic and lignin moieties. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed a 13.8% and 22.6% increase in C-C/C=C mass concentrations in the SFS900 and PNS900, respectively, and could be attributed to the condensation of polyaromatic structures. Batch experiments for dye removal demonstrated that irrespective of dye species, PNS900 exhibited superior dye removal efficiency compared to SFS900 at similar dosages. In addition to H-bonding and electrostatic interactions, the presence of pyridinic-N and graphitic-N can play a vital role in enhancing Lewis acid-base and π-π EDA interactions. The results can provide valuable insights into the biochar-dye interaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikanta Sutradhar
- Biorefining Research Institute (BRI), Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada;
| | - Arijit Mondal
- Department of Biological Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata 741 246, India;
| | - Felix Kuehne
- Berliner Hochschule für Technik BHT, Luxemburger Straße 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (F.K.); (O.K.)
| | - Oliver Krueger
- Berliner Hochschule für Technik BHT, Luxemburger Straße 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (F.K.); (O.K.)
| | - Sudip K. Rakshit
- Biorefining Research Institute (BRI), Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada;
| | - Kang Kang
- Biorefining Research Institute (BRI), Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada;
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Amanna R, Rakshit SK. Review of nomenclature and methods of analysis of polyethylene terephthalic acid hydrolyzing enzymes activity. Biodegradation 2023:10.1007/s10532-023-10048-z. [PMID: 37688750 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-023-10048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic degradation of polyethylene terephthalic acid (PET) has been gaining increasing importance. This has resulted in a significant increase in the search for newer enzymes and the development of more efficient enzyme-based systems. Due to the lack of a standard screening process, screening new enzymes has relied on other assays to determine the presence of esterase activity. This, in turn, has led to various nomenclatures and methods used to describe them and measure their activity. Since all PET-hydrolyzing enzymes are α/β hydrolases, they catalyze a serine nucleophilic attack and cleave an ester bond. They are lipases, esterases, cutinases and hydrolases. This has been used interchangeably, leading to difficulties while comparing results and evaluating progress. This review discusses the varied enzyme nomenclature being adapted, the different assays and analysis methods reported, and the strategies used to increase PET-hydrolyzing enzyme efficiency. A section on the various ways to quantify PET hydrolysis is also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Amanna
- Department of Biotechnology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
- Biorefining Research Institute (BRI), Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Sudip K Rakshit
- Department of Biotechnology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada.
- Biorefining Research Institute (BRI), Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada.
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Uprety BK, Rakshit SK. Use of Essential Oils From Various Plants to Change the Fatty Acids Profiles of Lipids Obtained From Oleaginous Yeasts. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bijaya K. Uprety
- Biorefining Research Institute (BRI); Lakehead University, 1294 Balmoral Street; Thunder Bay Ontario, P7B 5Z5 Canada
| | - Sudip K. Rakshit
- Biorefining Research Institute (BRI); Lakehead University, 1294 Balmoral Street; Thunder Bay Ontario, P7B 5Z5 Canada
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Dalli SS, Tilaye TJ, Rakshit SK. Conversion of Wood-Based Hemicellulose Prehydrolysate into Succinic Acid Using a Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst in a Biphasic System. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b01708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Swaroop Dalli
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON Canada P7B5E1
| | - Tewodros Jemberu Tilaye
- Department
of Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - Sudip K. Rakshit
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON Canada P7B5E1
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Uprety BK, Reddy JV, Dalli SS, Rakshit SK. Utilization of microbial oil obtained from crude glycerol for the production of polyol and its subsequent conversion to polyurethane foams. Bioresour Technol 2017; 235:309-315. [PMID: 28371769 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated possible use of microbial oil in biopolymer industries. Microbial oil was produced from biodiesel based crude glycerol and subsequently converted into polyol. Fermentation of crude glycerol in a batch bioreactor using Rhodosporidium toruloides ATCC 10788 produced 18.69g/L of lipid at the end of 7days. The microbial oil was then chemically converted to polyol and characterized using FT-IR and 1H NMR. For comparison, canola oil and palm oil were also converted into their respective polyols. The hydroxyl numbers of polyols from canola, palm and microbial oil were found to be 266.86, 222.32 and 230.30 (mgKOH/g of sample) respectively. All the polyols were further converted into rigid and semi-rigid polyurethanes (maintaining the molar -NCO/-OH ratio of 1.1) to examine their suitability in polymer applications. Conversion of microbial lipid to polyurethane foam also provides a new route for the production of polymers using biodiesel based crude glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijaya K Uprety
- Department of Biotechnology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jayanth Venkatarama Reddy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sai Swaroop Dalli
- Department of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sudip K Rakshit
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.
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Uprety BK, Rakshit SK. Compositional Shift in Fatty Acid Profiles of Lipids Obtained from Oleaginous Yeasts upon the Addition of Essential Oil from Citrus sinensis L. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 183:1158-1172. [PMID: 28474217 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2490-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tailoring lipids from oleaginous yeasts to contain specific types of fatty acid is of considerable interest to food, fuel, and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, the essential oil obtained from Citrus sinesus L. has been used to alter the fatty acid composition of two common oleaginous yeasts, Rhodosporidium toruloides and Cryptococcus curvatus. With increasing levels of essential oil in the medium, the metabolic flux of the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway shifted towards saturated fatty acid production. Essential oil reduced the activities of elongase and ∆9 desaturase. This made the lipid obtained from both these yeasts rich in saturated fatty acids. At certain specific concentrations of the essential oil in the medium, the lipid obtained from R. toruloides and C. curvatus cultures was similar to mahuwa butter and palm oil, respectively. Limonene is the major constituents of orange essential oil. Its effect on one of the oleaginous yeasts, R. toruloides, was also studied separately. Effects similar to orange essential oil were obtained with limonene. Thus, we can conclude that limonene in orange essential oil brings about compositional change of microbial lipid produced in this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijaya K Uprety
- Department of Biotechnology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sudip K Rakshit
- Department of Biotechnology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.
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Fiorda FA, de Melo Pereira GV, Thomaz-Soccol V, Rakshit SK, Soccol CR. Evaluation of a potentially probiotic non-dairy beverage developed with honey and kefir grains: Fermentation kinetics and storage study. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2016; 22:732-742. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013216646491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the fermentation process of honey with kefir grains through a comprehensive understanding of its rheological properties, probiotic cell viability, instrumental color parameters and kinetic aspects in a batch bioreactor and during storage. The results showed that kefir grains were well adapted to bioreactor conditions, reaching high levels of cell viability (over 106 CFU mL−1 for total yeast and bacteria), phenolic compounds content (190 GAE/100 g) and acidification after 24 h of fermentation at 30 ℃. Colorimetric analysis showed that lightness (L*) and redness (a*) remained constant, while yellowness intensities (b*) decreased during fermentation time. After 35 days of storage, honey kefir beverage maintained its chemical characteristics and microbial viability as required to be classified as a probiotic product. The Ostwald-de-Waele (R2 ≥ 0.98) and Herschel-Bulkley (R2 ≥ 0.99) models can be used to predict the behavior of honey kefir beverage. The parameters analyzed in this study should be taken into account for industrial production of this novel non-dairy beverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda A Fiorda
- Food Engineering Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba-PR, Brazil
| | - Gilberto V de Melo Pereira
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba-PR, Brazil
| | - Vanete Thomaz-Soccol
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba-PR, Brazil
| | - Sudip K Rakshit
- Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay-ON, Canada
| | - Carlos R Soccol
- Food Engineering Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba-PR, Brazil
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba-PR, Brazil
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Youngsukkasem S, Akinbomi J, Rakshit SK, Taherzadeh MJ. Biogas production by encased bacteria in synthetic membranes: protective effects in toxic media and high loading rates. Environ Technol 2013; 34:2077-2084. [PMID: 24350461 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.770555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A bioreactor including encased digesting bacteria for biogas production was developed, and its performance in toxic media and under high organic loading rates (OLRs) was examined and compared with traditional digestion reactors. The bacteria (3 g) were encased and sealed in 3 x 6 cm2 PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) membranes with a pore size of 0.1 microm, and then several sachets were placed in the reactors. They were then examined in toxic medium containing up to 3% limonene as a model inhibitor in batch reactors, and OLRs of up to 20 g COD/L.day in semi-continuous digestions. The free and encased cells with an identical total bacterial concentration of 9 g in a medium containing 2% limonene produced at most 6.56 and 23.06 mL biogas per day, respectively. In addition, the digestion with free cells completely failed at an OLR of 7.5 gCOD/L.day, while the encased cells were still fully active with a loading of 15 g COD/L x day.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sudip K Rakshit
- School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani, Thailand
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Cheema TA, Jirajaroenrat K, Sirinarumitr T, Rakshit SK. Isolation of a Gene Encoding a Cellulolytic Enzyme from Swamp Buffalo Rumen Metagenomes and Its Cloning and Expression inEscherichia Coli. Anim Biotechnol 2012; 23:261-77. [DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2012.722156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Pitak N, Rakshit SK. Physical and antimicrobial properties of banana flour/chitosan biodegradable and self sealing films used for preserving Fresh-cut vegetables. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2011.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Deepika Priyadarshani WM, Rakshit SK. Screening selected strains of probiotic lactic acid bacteria for their ability to produce biogenic amines (histamine and tyramine). Int J Food Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02717.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Begum R, Rakshit SK, Rahman SM. Protein Fortification and Use of Cassava Flour for Bread Formulation. International Journal of Food Properties 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10942910903160406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Montet D, Alldrick A, Bordier M, Bresson H, Chokesajjawatee N, Durand N, Ha TT, Hak SC, Hariyadi P, Jinap S, Keeratipibul S, Leepipatpiboon N, Luong HQ, Marvin HJ, Medoc JM, Moustier P, Nitisinprasert S, Phan TD, Poms R, Prasertvit S, Rakshit SK, Ruangwises S, Shamsudin MN, Siriwatwechakul W, Sparringa RA, Stouten P, Stroka J, Taharnklaew R, Tayaputch N, Tongpim S, Valyasevi R, Vithayarungruangsri J, Saletes S. Future topics of common interest for EU and SEA partners in food quality, safety and traceability. Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1757-837x.2010.00078.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Haki GD, Anceno AJ, Rakshit SK. Atypical Ca2+-independent, raw-starch hydrolysing α-amylase from Bacillus sp. GRE1: characterization and gene isolation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-008-9775-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rahman SMM, Wheatley C, Rakshit SK. Selection of Sweet Potato Variety for High Starch Extraction. International Journal of Food Properties 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jfp-120021333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Mahfuzur Rahman
- a Farm Machinery and Post Harvest Technology Division , Bangladesh Rice Research Institute , Gazipur , Bangladesh
| | | | - Sudip K. Rakshit
- c Bioprocess Technology Program , Asian Institute Technology , P.O. Box 4, Pathumthani , 12120 , Thailand
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Karapanagiotidis IT, Bell MV, Little DC, Yakupitiyage A, Rakshit SK. Polyunsaturated fatty acid content of wild and farmed tilapias in Thailand: effect of aquaculture practices and implications for human nutrition. J Agric Food Chem 2006; 54:4304-10. [PMID: 16756360 DOI: 10.1021/jf0581877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The total lipid content and fatty acid composition of the muscle tissue of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and of hybrid red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) from different culture systems and from the natural and artificial environment of Thailand were compared. Wild fish and fish reared under the most extensive conditions had a more favorable fatty acid profile for human consumption as they contained higher proportions of 18:3n-3, 20:5n-3, and 22:6n-3, higher n-3/n-6 PUFA ratios, and lower proportions of 18:2n-6. The muscle tissue of intensively cultured fish was characterized by increased fat deposition that was mainly saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and 18:2n-6. It is undesirable for the consumer to reduce 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 in farmed tilapia and replace them with elevated 18:2n-6. It is recommended that the amount of 18:2n-6 in the feed of the intensively reared tilapia should be reduced by substituting vegetable oils rich in 18:2n-6 with oils rich in 18:1n-9 and/or 18:3n-3.
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Abstract
Cellular components of thermophilic organisms (enzymes, proteins and nucleic acids) are also thermostable. Apart from high temperature they are also known to withstand denaturants of extremely acidic and alkaline conditions. Thermostable enzymes are highly specific and thus have considerable potential for many industrial applications. The use of such enzymes in maximising reactions accomplished in the food and paper industry, detergents, drugs, toxic wastes removal and drilling for oil is being studied extensively. The enzymes can be produced from the thermophiles through either optimised fermentation of the microorganisms or cloning of fast-growing mesophiles by recombinant DNA technology. In this review, the source microorganisms and properties of thermostable starch hydrolysing amylases, xylanases, cellulases, chitinases, proteases, lipases and DNA polymerases are discussed. The industrial needs for such specific thermostable enzyme and improvements required to maximize their application in the future are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Haki
- Bioprocess Technology Program, Asian Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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Wang XD, Rakshit SK. Biosynthesis of nutraceutical iso-oligosaccharides by multiple forms of transferase produced by Aspergillus foetidus. Nahrung 2000; 44:207-10. [PMID: 10907244 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3803(20000501)44:3<207::aid-food207>3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Isomalto-oligosaccharide and isofructo-oligosaccharide production was attempted using enzymes produced by Aspergillus foetidus. Four fractions having transferase enzyme activity were obtained from the fermentation broth of Aspergillus foetidus by ammonium sulfate precipitation and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The optimum temperature was 60 degrees C and pH stability in the range 4 to 6 for various fractions. The pH optima, heat sensitivity and kinetic parameters for the four fractions were however not the same. All four enzyme fractions could not utilize lactose and cellobiose to synthesize isooligosaccharide and showed different transferase activity for maltose and sucrose for synthesis of isooligosaccharides. The HPLC isooligosaccharide product analysis of these transferase enzymes reveal that the four forms of enzymes are distinct and produce oligosaccharides like panose, kestose and nystose or act as hydrolytic enzymes, depending on reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- X D Wang
- Asian Institute of Technology, Bioprocess Technology Program, Pathumthani, Thailand
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