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Garland WJ, Smith KL, Dixon JC, Horton S. Developmental activities of elite junior hockey players: an analysis of early sport specialization. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1253007. [PMID: 38022788 PMCID: PMC10644152 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1253007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Early sport specialization is a popular and contentious topic in the scientific literature and popular media. The lure of extrinsic rewards has led to increasing rates of specialization among young athletes, while expert recommendations promote multisport participation. The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze developmental activities of a group of elite junior hockey players in Canada. Within this context, elements of specialization were investigated in accordance with existing theoretical frameworks and long-term athlete development models to enhance the literature. Fifteen participants from the Ontario Hockey League completed quantitative retrospective interviews, detailing past sport and recreational activities. Thirty-one developmental milestones were assessed. Accumulated hours of activity were categorized in accordance with Côté's (1999) Developmental Model of Sports Participation, along with the number and types of sports in which they participated during childhood. Jayanthi et al.'s (2015) continuum was utilized to determine the age at which the athletes became moderately and highly specialized. Accrued hours of deliberate practice reported by participants increased from ages 6 to 16 years, as did competition in organized hockey games. Reported hours of deliberate play peaked at 9 years of age and decreased thereafter. Participants played a combined 16 sports other than hockey, ranging from an average of 2.0 at age 6, to a maximum average of 5.6 at 12 years old, and decreasing each year to 2.3 by age 15. The greatest number of hours in other sports was accumulated at 12 years of age. Using a three-point scale, participants considered themselves "highly specialized" at 14 years old; however, other quantitative indicators suggested this may have occurred at 12 years of age. Relative to previous research on early sport specialization, participants in this study spent more time practicing hockey, while ceasing hockey-specific play and other sports at younger ages. Despite a diverse sport history, hockey competition was initiated earlier than recommended, showing high levels of sport commitment as young as 9 years old. The early specialization path remains a popular trajectory among coaches, parents, and athletes in Canadian ice hockey.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K. L. Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
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Onah MN, Horton S, Hoddinott J. What empowerment indicators are important for food consumption for women? Evidence from 5 sub-Sahara African countries. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250014. [PMID: 33882089 PMCID: PMC8059862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper draws on data from five sub-Sahara African countries; Uganda, Rwanda, Malawi, Zambia, and Mozambique consisting of 10,041 married women who were cohabitating with a male spouse. The study aim was to investigate the relationship between women's empowerment and women's dietary diversity and consumption of different food items. Women's empowerment was measured using the indicators in the five domains of Women's Empowerment in Agriculture index (WEAI) and women's dietary diversity and food consumption was examined using the women's dietary diversity score (WDDS) measure. OLS and LPM regressions were used and analyses were confirmed using marginal effects from Poisson and logistic regressions. Results suggest that three out of the 10 WEAI indicators of empowerment showed different magnitude and direction in significant associations with improved WDDS and varied associations were found in three out of the five countries examined. In addition, the three significant empowerment indicators were associated with the consumption of different food groups in three out of the five countries examined suggesting that diverse food groups account for the association between the WEAI and WDDS. Improved autonomy, and input in production were associated with improved likelihoods of consumption of dairy products, and fruits and vegetables including vitamin A-rich produce. Empowerment in public speaking was associated with improved consumption of other fruits and vegetables including vitamin A-rich produce. The varied nature of empowerment indicators towards improving women's dietary diversity and food consumption suggests that different empowerment strategies might confer different benefits towards the consumption of different food groups. Further, findings imply that interventions that seek to empower women should tailor their strategies on existing contextual factors that impact on women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nnachebe Onah
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Public Policy and Administration, Graduate School of Development, University of Central Asia, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Sue Horton
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Hoddinott
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell Institute of Public Affairs, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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Juman S, David T, Gray L, Hamad R, Horton S, Ibrahim M, Khan B, Khazaleh Y, Porter M, Sheikh A, Ho P, Wig S, Mercer L. FRI0649-HPR HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE PRESCRIBING AND OPHTHALMOLOGY SCREENING WITHIN RHEUMATOLOGY DEPARTMENTS IN THE NORTH-WEST OF THE UNITED KINGDOM: A PROSPECTIVE REGIONAL AUDIT. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is widely used in the management of rheumatoid arthritis and connective tissue disease. The prevalence of retinopathy in patients taking long-term HCQ is approximately 7.5%, increasing to 20-50% after 20 years of therapy. Hydroxychloroquine prescribed at ≤5 mg/kg poses a toxicity risk of <1% up to five years and <2% up to ten years, but increases sharply to almost 20% after 20 years. Risk factors for retinopathy include doses >5mg/kg/day, concomitant tamoxifen or chloroquine use and renal impairment. The UK Royal College of Ophthalmologists (RCOphth) 2018 guidelines for HCQ screening recommend optimal treatment dosage and timing for both baseline and follow-up ophthalmology review for patients on HCQ, with the aim of preventing iatrogenic visual loss. This is similar to recommendations made by the American Academy of Ophthalmology (2016).Objectives:To determine adherence to the RCOphth guidelines for HCQ screening within the Rheumatology departments in the North-West of the UK.Methods:Data for patients established on HCQ and those initiated on HCQ therapy were collected over a 7 week period from 9 Rheumatology departments.Results:473 patients were included of which 56 (12%) were new starters and 417 (88%) were already established on HCQ. 79% of the patients were female, with median ages of 60.5 and 57 years for new and established patients respectively. The median (IQR) weight for new starters was 71 (27.9) kg and for established patients, 74 (24.7) kg.20% of new starters exceeded 5mg/kg daily HCQ dose. 16% were identified as high risk (9% had previously taken chloroquine, 5% had an eGFR <60ml/min/m2and 2% had retinal co-pathology). Of the high-risk group, 44% were taking <5mg/kg. In total, 36% of new starters were referred for a formal baseline Ophthalmology review.In the established patients, 74% were taking ≤5mg/kg/day HCQ dose and 16% were categorized as high risk (10% had an eGFR less than 60ml/min/m2, 3% had previous chloroquine or tamoxifen use and 2% had retinal co-pathology). In the high-risk group, 75% were not referred for spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). 41% of patients established on HCQ for <5 years, and 33% of patients on HCQ for >5 years were not referred for SD-OCT. Reasons for not referring included; awaiting 5 year review, previous screening already performed and optician review advised.Since the introduction of the RCOphth guidelines, 29% patients already established on HCQ had an alteration in the dosage of HCQ in accordance with the guidelines. In the high-risk group, 16% were not on the recommended HCQ dose.Conclusion:This audit demonstrates inconsistencies in adherence to the RCOphth guidelines for HCQ prescribing and ophthalmology screening within Rheumatology departments in the North-West of the UK for both new starters and established patients. Plans to improve this include wider dissemination of the guidelines to Rheumatology departments and strict service level agreements with ophthalmology teams to help optimize HCQ prescribing and screening for retinopathy.Acknowledgments:Drs. S Jones, E MacPhie, A Madan, L Coates & Prof L Teh. Co-1st author, T David.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Welch VA, Hossain A, Ghogomu E, Riddle A, Cousens S, Gaffey M, Arora P, Black R, Bundy D, Castro MC, Chen L, Dewidar O, Elliott A, Friis H, Hollingsworth TD, Horton S, King CH, Thi HL, Liu C, Rohner F, Rousham EK, Salam R, Sartono E, Steinmann P, Supali T, Tugwell P, Webb E, Wieringa F, Winnichagoon P, Yazdanbakhsh M, Bhutta ZA, Wells GA. Deworming children for soil-transmitted helminths in low and middle-income countries: systematic review and individual participant data network meta-analysis. J Dev Effect 2019; 11:288-306. [PMID: 32256965 PMCID: PMC7077355 DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2019.1691627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal parasites affect millions of children globally. We aimed to assess effects of deworming children on nutritional and cognitive outcomes across potential effect modifiers using individual participant data (IPD). We searched multiple databases to 27 March 2018, grey literature, and other sources. We included randomised and quasi randomised trials of deworming compared to placebo or other nutritional interventions with data on baseline infection. We used a random-effects network meta-analysis with IPD and assessed overall quality, following a pre-specified protocol. We received IPD from 19 trials of STH deworming. Overall risk of bias was low. There were no statistically significant subgroup effects across age, sex, nutritional status or infection intensity for each type of STH. These analyses showed that children with moderate or heavy intensity infections, deworming for STH may increase weight gain (very low certainty). The added value of this review is an exploration of effects on growth and cognition in children with moderate to heavy infections as well as replicating prior systematic review results of small effects at the population level. Policy implications are that complementary public health strategies need to be assessed and considered to achieve growth and cognition benefits for children in helminth endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Andrea Welch
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alomgir Hossain
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Methods, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Ghogomu
- Bruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison Riddle
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon Cousens
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK
| | - Michelle Gaffey
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Arora
- Public Health Agency of Canada in the National Public Health Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Black
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Donald Bundy
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Li Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Methods, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Omar Dewidar
- Bruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison Elliott
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Henrik Friis
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - T. Déirdre Hollingsworth
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sue Horton
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles H. King
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Huong Le Thi
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chengfang Liu
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences (SAAS), China Center for Agricultural Policy (CCAP), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Emily K Rousham
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Rehana Salam
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Erliyani Sartono
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Steinmann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Taniawati Supali
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Peter Tugwell
- Center for Global Health, WHO Collaborating Centre for Knowledge Translation and Health Technology Assessment in Health Equity, Bruyère Research Institute, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily Webb
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Franck Wieringa
- UMR204 Nutripass, Institute de Recherche pour le Développement, IRD/UM/SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Pattanee Winnichagoon
- Community/International Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University
| | - George A Wells
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Methods, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Welch VA, Ghogomu E, Hossain A, Riddle A, Gaffey M, Arora P, Dewidar O, Salam R, Cousens S, Black R, Hollingsworth TD, Horton S, Tugwell P, Bundy D, Castro MC, Elliott A, Friis H, Le HT, Liu C, Rousham EK, Rohner F, King C, Sartono E, Supali T, Steinmann P, Webb E, Wieringa F, Winnichagoon P, Yazdanbakhsh M, Bhutta ZA, Wells G. Mass deworming for improving health and cognition of children in endemic helminth areas: A systematic review and individual participant data network meta-analysis. Campbell Syst Rev 2019; 15:e1058. [PMID: 37131850 PMCID: PMC8356492 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Soil transmitted (or intestinal) helminths and schistosomes affect millions of children worldwide. Objectives To use individual participant data network meta-analysis (NMA) to explore the effects of different types and frequency of deworming drugs on anaemia, cognition and growth across potential effect modifiers. Search Methods We developed a search strategy with an information scientist to search MEDLINE, CINAHL, LILACS, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Econlit, Internet Documents in Economics Access Service (IDEAS), Public Affairs Information Service (PAIS), Social Services Abstracts, Global Health CABI and CAB Abstracts up to March 27, 2018. We also searched grey literature, websites, contacted authors and screened references of relevant systematic reviews. Selection Criteria We included randomised and quasirandomised deworming trials in children for deworming compared to placebo or other interventions with data on baseline infection. Data Collection and Analysis We conducted NMA with individual participant data (IPD), using a frequentist approach for random-effects NMA. The covariates were: age, sex, weight, height, haemoglobin and infection intensity. The effect estimate chosen was the mean difference for the continuous outcome of interest. Results We received data from 19 randomized controlled trials with 31,945 participants. Overall risk of bias was low. There were no statistically significant subgroup effects across any of the potential effect modifiers. However, analyses showed that there may be greater effects on weight for moderate to heavily infected children (very low certainty evidence). Authors' Conclusions This analysis reinforces the case against mass deworming at a population-level, finding little effect on nutritional status or cognition. However, children with heavier intensity infections may benefit more. We urge the global community to adopt calls to make data available in open repositories to facilitate IPD analyses such as this, which aim to assess effects for the most vulnerable individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian A. Welch
- Centre for Global HealthBruyère Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- School of EpidemiologyPublic Health and Preventive Medicine, University of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | | | - Alomgir Hossain
- Cardiovascular Research MethodsUniversity of Ottawa Heart InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Alison Riddle
- School of EpidemiologyPublic Health and Preventive Medicine, University of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Michelle Gaffey
- Hospital for Sick ChildrenUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Paul Arora
- Public Health Agency of Canada in the National Public Health Laboratory and Dalla Lana School of Public HealthUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Omar Dewidar
- Bruyère Research InstituteUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Rehana Salam
- South Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
| | - Simon Cousens
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM)LondonUK
| | - Robert Black
- Department of International HealthJohns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public HealthBaltimoreMaryland
| | - T. Déirdre Hollingsworth
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Sue Horton
- School of Public Health and Health SystemsUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
| | - Peter Tugwell
- School of EpidemiologyPublic Health and Preventive Medicine, University of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Center for Global Health, WHO Collaborating Centre for Knowledge Translation and Health Technology Assessment in Health EquityBruyère Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | | | | | - Alison Elliott
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research InstituteLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research UnitEntebbeUganda
| | - Henrik Friis
- Department of Human NutritionUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Huong T. Le
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public HealthHanoi Medical UniversityHanoiVietnam
| | - Chengfang Liu
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences (SAAS)China Center for Agricultural Policy (CCAP), Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Emily K. Rousham
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLeicestershireUK
| | | | - Charles King
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaCalifornia
| | - Erliyani Sartono
- Department of ParasitologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Taniawati Supali
- Department Parasitology, Faculty of MedicineUniversitas IndonesiaJakartaIndonesia
| | - Peter Steinmann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Emily Webb
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population HealthLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | - Franck Wieringa
- UMR204 NutripassInstitute de Recherche pour le DéveloppementMontpellierFrance
| | - Pattanee Winnichagoon
- Community/International Nutrition, Institute of NutritionMahidol UniversityNakhon PathomThailand
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of ParasitologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Center of Excellence in Women and Child HealthAga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan
| | - George Wells
- Cardiovascular Research MethodsUniversity of Ottawa Heart InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
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Renner L, Shah S, Bhakta N, Denburg A, Horton S, Gupta S. Evidence From Ghana Indicates That Childhood Cancer Treatment in Sub-Saharan Africa Is Very Cost Effective: A Report From the Childhood Cancer 2030 Network. J Glob Oncol 2019; 4:1-9. [PMID: 30241273 PMCID: PMC6223505 DOI: 10.1200/jgo.17.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose No published study to date has examined total cost and cost-effectiveness of maintaining a pediatric oncology treatment center in an African setting, thus limiting childhood cancer advocacy and policy efforts. Methods Within the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, Ghana, costing data were gathered for all inputs related to operating a pediatric cancer unit. Cost and volume data for relevant clinical services (eg, laboratory, pathology, medications) were obtained retrospectively or prospectively. Salaries were determined and multiplied by proportion of time dedicated toward pediatric patients with cancer. Costs associated with inpatient bed use, outpatient clinic use, administrative fees, and overhead were estimated. Costs were summed for a total annual operating cost. Cost-effectiveness was calculated based on annual patients with newly diagnosed disease, survival rates, and life expectancy. Results The Korle Bu Teaching Hospital pediatric cancer unit treats on average 170 new diagnoses annually. Total operating cost was $1.7 million/y. Personnel salaries and operating room costs were the most expensive inputs, contributing 45% and 21% of total costs. Together, medications, imaging, radiation, and pathology services accounted for 7%. The cost per disability-adjusted life-year averted was $1,034, less than the Ghanaian per capita income, and thus considered very cost effective as per WHO-CHOICE methodology. Conclusion To our knowledge, this study is the first to examine institution-level costs and cost-effectiveness of a childhood cancer program in an African setting, demonstrating that operating such a program in this setting is very cost effective. These results will inform national childhood cancer strategies in Africa and other low- and middle-income country settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Renner
- Lorna Renner, University of Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry, Accra, Ghana; Shivani Shah, Avram Denburg, Sue Horton, and Sumit Gupta, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto; Sue Horton, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; and Nickhill Bhakta, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Shivani Shah
- Lorna Renner, University of Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry, Accra, Ghana; Shivani Shah, Avram Denburg, Sue Horton, and Sumit Gupta, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto; Sue Horton, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; and Nickhill Bhakta, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Nickhill Bhakta
- Lorna Renner, University of Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry, Accra, Ghana; Shivani Shah, Avram Denburg, Sue Horton, and Sumit Gupta, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto; Sue Horton, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; and Nickhill Bhakta, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Avram Denburg
- Lorna Renner, University of Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry, Accra, Ghana; Shivani Shah, Avram Denburg, Sue Horton, and Sumit Gupta, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto; Sue Horton, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; and Nickhill Bhakta, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Sue Horton
- Lorna Renner, University of Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry, Accra, Ghana; Shivani Shah, Avram Denburg, Sue Horton, and Sumit Gupta, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto; Sue Horton, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; and Nickhill Bhakta, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Sumit Gupta
- Lorna Renner, University of Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry, Accra, Ghana; Shivani Shah, Avram Denburg, Sue Horton, and Sumit Gupta, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto; Sue Horton, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; and Nickhill Bhakta, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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Wu DCN, Horton S, Saleh N, Mosha TCE, Yusuph N. Impact of behaviour change communication interventions on sales of fortified sunflower oil in Tanzania: A spatial-temporal analysis and association study. Matern Child Nutr 2019; 15:e12873. [PMID: 31286620 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Masava project was implemented in Manyara and Shinyanga regions in Tanzania to improve vitamin A intake by making available vitamin A-fortified sunflower oil with a subsidy through a mobile phone-based e-Voucher system. This study was conducted to assess the impact of the behaviour change communication (BCC) campaign of the project on volume of sales of vitamin A-fortified sunflower oil. The e-Voucher system provides real-time data on the number of e-Vouchers redeemed. The number, type, and locations of BCC events were obtained from the implementation agency. Multivariate linear regression was used to examine the associations between (a) the number and type of BCC events conducted in a ward and the volume of subsequent fortified oil redeemed in the ward and (b) distance of clinic shows, a component of the BCC campaign, from participating retailers and the volume of fortified oil redeemed in the store. After 1 year of the campaign, the volume of fortified oil redeemed monthly increased by more than 5 times in Manyara and by more than three times in Shinyanga. Among the different types of BCC events conducted, only clinic shows and cooking shows were significantly associated with the volume of redemptions (p < .05). Compared with retailers where at least one clinic show was conducted within 0.5 km from its location, the volume of redemptions was significantly lower at retailers where no clinic show conducted within 3.0 km from its location (p < .05). These findings suggest that future health promotion interventions in rural Africa should involve health clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Chen Nee Wu
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Sue Horton
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Nadira Saleh
- Mennonite Economic Development Associates of Canada, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Theobald C E Mosha
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Nazir Yusuph
- Tanzania Communication and Development Center, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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George E, Bellaby J, Day S, Dhillon R, Horton S, Patel K, Fanning H, Whitmore J, Millward V, Williams M, Cramb R. The west midlands familial hypercholesterolaemia screening project: Design and implementation. Atherosclerosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sanchez-Zubieta F, Friedrich P, Galvez-Galvez B, Gonzalez-Lopez RC, Gonzalez-Ramella O, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Gupta S, Horton S, Bhakta N. The cost and cost-effectiveness of a pediatric cancer unit (PCU) in the context of universal health coverage (UHC): A report from the Childhood Cancer 2030 Network. J Clin Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.36.15_suppl.e18891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sumit Gupta
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sue Horton
- University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, CA
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Fleming K, Cherniak W, Flanigan J, Horton S, Sayed S, Sullivan R, Wilson M. The Right Diagnosis: The Role of Pathology in Health System
Strengthening. Ann Glob Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2017.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Abstract
Since April 1988, we have been able to offer extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) to patients who are either failing ventilation or who need cardiopulmonary support following cardiac surgery. During this time, we have supported 211 patients, the majority of whom have been supported with the Avecor (Affinity, Avecor Cardiovascular Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) spiral wound silicone-membrane oxygenator. Microporous hollow-fibre oxygenators have been used (18%) at our center. However, due to their early failure, they have necessitated conversion to a device that potentially would last for the entire ECMO course, i.e., Avecor and, subsequently, have not been used routinely until the introduction of the QuadroxD (Jostra Medizintechnik AG, Hirrlingen, Germany). The recent development of the poly-4-methyl-1-pentene diffusion membrane allows us to utilize hollow-fibre technology with a true (nonmicroporous) membrane. This has enabled us to use this low-resistance device with all its inherent advantages, without plasma leakage necessitating circuit changeover. From July 2000, we have used the QuadroxD oxygenator for our patients requiring ECMO support. This has been in patients with weights ranging from 2.16-51.0 kg ( n = 23), with the longest support being for 1119 hours. This new technology has enabled us to utilize a single device for all patient sizes, so we now have an ECMO circuit set up at all times, minimizing the time required for support to be available, potentially improving survivor morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Horton
- Cardiac Surgical Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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13
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Abstract
Centrifugal pumps are superior to roller pumps for extended support durations in terms of pump-induced haemolysis. In this study, we evaluated the commonly used Biomedicus BP 50 and compared it with the Jostra Rotaflow and a standard roller pump in an in vitro test circuit. Each circuit was run for a six-day period and repeated five times. Plasma haemoglobin values showed the roller pump to become more haemolytic than the Biomedicus ( p = 0.022) and the Rotaflow. A statistically significant difference between the Biomedicus and the Rotaflow was observed on day six of the trial ( p = 0.016), with the Rotaflow showing lower levels of haemolysis than the Biomedicus. These results support the use of the new generation centrifugal pump, the Rotaflow, as a suitable device for short-term ventricular assist.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bennett
- Cardiac Surgical Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Chan-Dominy ACF, Anders M, Millar J, Horton S, Best D, Brizard C, D'Udekem Y, Hilton A, Butt W. Extracorporeal membrane modality conversions. Perfusion 2014; 30:291-4. [PMID: 25070898 DOI: 10.1177/0267659114544486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a patient with cardiovascular and respiratory failure due to severe anaphylaxis requiring multiple extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) cannulation strategies to provide adequate oxygen delivery and ventilatory support during a period of rapid physiological change. ECMO provides partial or complete support of oxygenation-ventilation and circulation. The choice of which ECMO modality to use is governed by anatomical (vessel size, cardiovascular anatomy and previous surgeries) and physiological (respiratory and/or cardiac failure) factors. The urgency with which ECMO needs to be implemented (emergency cardiopulmonary resuscitation (eCPR), urgent, elective) and the institutional experience will also influence the type of ECMO provided. Here we describe a 12-year-old schoolgirl who, having been resuscitated with peripheral veno-venous (VV) ECMO for severe hypoxemia due to status asthmaticus in the setting of acute anaphylaxis, required escalation to peripheral veno-arterial (VA) ECMO for precipitous cardiovascular deterioration. Insufficient oxygen delivery for adequate cellular metabolic function and possible cerebral hypoxia due to significant differential hypoxia necessitated ECMO modification. After six days of central (transthoracic) VA ECMO support and 21 days of intensive care unit (ICU) care, she made a complete recovery with no neurological sequelae. The use of ECMO support warrants careful consideration of the interplay of a patient's pathophysiology and extracorporeal circuit dynamics. Particular emphasis should be placed on the potential for mismatch between cardiovascular and respiratory support as well as the need to meet metabolic demands through adequate cerebral, coronary and systemic oxygenation. Cannulation strategies occasionally require alteration to meet and anticipate the patient's evolving needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C F Chan-Dominy
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - M Anders
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - J Millar
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - S Horton
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - D Best
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - C Brizard
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Y D'Udekem
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - A Hilton
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - W Butt
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
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15
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Buch M, Rakieh C, Hensor E, Middleton E, Horton S, Das S, Pickles D, Ward J, Fechtenbaum M, Tan A, Wakefield R, Freeston J, Emery P. SAT0238 An Exploratory Clinical and Imaging Study Evaluating Abatacept in the Management of Poor Prognosis ACPA Negative Undifferentiated Arthritis: Table 1. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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16
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Bottrell S, Bennett M, Augustin S, Thuys C, Schultz B, Horton A, Horton S. A comparison study of haemolysis production in three contemporary centrifugal pumps. Perfusion 2014; 29:411-6. [PMID: 24406272 DOI: 10.1177/0267659113509000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
One challenge in providing extracorporeal circulation is to supply optimal flow while minimising adverse effects, such as haemolysis. To determine if the recent generation constrained vortex pumps with their inherent design improvements would lead to reduced red cell trauma, we undertook a study comparing three devices. Utilizing a simulated short-term ventricular assist circuit primed with whole human blood, we examined changes in plasma free haemoglobin values over a six-day period. The three pumps investigated were the Maquet Rotaflow, the Levitronix PediVAS and the Medos Deltastream DP3.This study demonstrated that all three pumps produced low levels of haemolysis and are suitable for use in a clinical environment. The Levitronix PediVAS was significantly less haemolytic than either the Rotaflow (p<0.05) or the DP3 (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in plasma free haemoglobin between the Rotaflow and the DP3 (p=0.71).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bottrell
- Perfusion Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Bennett
- Perfusion Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Augustin
- Perfusion Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - C Thuys
- Perfusion Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - B Schultz
- Perfusion Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Horton
- Perfusion Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Horton
- Perfusion Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Lemez S, Baker J, Horton S, Wattie N, Weir P. Examining the relationship between relative age, competition level, and dropout rates in male youth ice-hockey players. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2013; 24:935-42. [PMID: 24118622 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The relative age effect suggests that athletes born in the first two quartiles of a given selection year experience a selection advantage and therefore a greater opportunity for success. We describe two studies examining the relationship between relative age, competition level, and dropout rates of Ontario Minor Hockey Association male ice-hockey players from ages 10 to 15 years (n = 14 325). In Study 1, dropout was highest among players born in quartiles three and four [χ(2) (3) = 16.32, P < 0.05; w = 0.06], while Study 2 found dropped out players to have less movement between competition levels compared to retained players. This study confirms a relationship between relative age and dropout from ice-hockey and adds further depth to our understanding of this persistent phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lemez
- Graduate Program in Kinesiology & Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Aydin SZ, Gallego CC, Nam J, Freeston J, Horton S, Wakefield RJ, Emery P. OP0135 The New ACR/EULAR Criteria for Rheumatoid Arthritis is Able to Identify Patients with Same Disease Activity but Less Damage by Ultrasound. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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19
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Abstract
It is estimated that there are 35.6 million people with dementia worldwide and this is projected to increase to over 115 million by the year 2050. Dementia is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that significantly reduces survival. End-of-life care received by this group is often poor and does not equate to that offered in other life limiting illnesses. This review highlights results from a large UK study of informal carers of people with dementia to explore what are determinants of care for people with dementia and their family carers. New perspectives as to models of care for end-of-life care for patients with dementia are discussed together with how these may be implemented and delivered within wider community settings and contexts, where many people with dementia may be cared for in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Crowther
- From the Academic Palliative and Supportive Care Studies Group (APSCSG), Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool and St Lukes Hospice, Winsford, Cheshire, UK
| | - K.C.M. Wilson
- From the Academic Palliative and Supportive Care Studies Group (APSCSG), Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool and St Lukes Hospice, Winsford, Cheshire, UK
| | - S. Horton
- From the Academic Palliative and Supportive Care Studies Group (APSCSG), Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool and St Lukes Hospice, Winsford, Cheshire, UK
| | - M. Lloyd-Williams
- From the Academic Palliative and Supportive Care Studies Group (APSCSG), Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool and St Lukes Hospice, Winsford, Cheshire, UK
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20
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Sheppard VB, Wallington SF, Willey SC, Hampton RM, Lucas W, Jennings Y, Horton S, Muzeck N, Cocilovo C, Isaacs C. A peer-led decision support intervention improves decision outcomes in black women with breast cancer. J Cancer Educ 2013; 28:262-9. [PMID: 23576067 PMCID: PMC4180493 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-013-0459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous reports suggest that Black breast cancer patients receive less patient-centered cancer care than their White counterparts. Interventions to improve patient-centered care (PCC) in Black breast cancer patients are lacking. Seventy-six women with histologically confirmed breast cancer were recruited from the Washington, DC area. After a baseline telephone interview, women received an in-person decision support educational session led by a trained survivor coach. The coach used a culturally appropriate guidebook and decision-making model-TALK Back!(©) A follow-up assessment assessed participants' acceptability of the intervention and intermediate outcomes. After the intervention, participants reported increased: self-efficacy in communicating with providers (70 %) and self-efficacy in making treatment decisions (70 %). Compared to baseline scores, post-intervention communication with providers significantly increased (p= .000). This is the first outcome report of an intervention to facilitate PCC in Black breast cancer patients. Testing this intervention using RCTs or similar designs will be important next steps.
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21
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Das S, Horton S, Vital E, Bryer D, Emery P, Buch M. THU0089 Response to abatacept and tocilizumab in patients who had failed rituximab– initial single centre experience:. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.2054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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22
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Buch M, Freeston J, Rakieh C, Middleton E, Tan A, Pickles D, Ward J, Horton S, Das S, Wakefield R, Emery P. THU0114 Abatacept as an effective treatment in the management of poor prognosis ACPA negative undifferentiated arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.2079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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23
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Bibevski S, Horton S, Millar J, d'Udekem Y. Veno-right ventricular ECMO support in an infant. Perfusion 2013; 29:94-5. [PMID: 23652983 DOI: 10.1177/0267659113485983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Bibevski
- 1Cardiac Surgery Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital, the Murdoch Children Research Institute and the department of Paediatrics of the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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24
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Ehanire I, Yerokun O, Oyetunji T, Frederick W, Horton S, Leffall L, Wilson L. A 12-Year Trend in Radical Mastectomies in the United States: An Inpatient Database Review. J Surg Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Sinkovskaya E, Abuhamad A, Horton S, Chaoui R, Karl K. Fetal left brachiocephalic vein in normal and abnormal conditions. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012; 40:542-548. [PMID: 22461379 DOI: 10.1002/uog.11166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish values of fetal left brachiocephalic vein (LBCV) dimensions during normal pregnancy and determine whether routine assessment of the LBCV may help in identifying fetuses with congenital abnormalities of this vessel. METHODS Fetal LBCV was assessed prospectively during ultrasound examinations in 431 normal singleton pregnancies. The visualization rate of the transverse view of the upper fetal chest at the level of drainage of the LBCV into the superior vena cava (SVC) by two-dimensional (2D) and 2D plus color Doppler ultrasound was evaluated. Reference ranges of LBCV diameter during non-complicated pregnancies were established. Interobserver and intraobserver measurement variability was analyzed. In addition, a retrospective review of the hospital medical records of 91 pregnancies with fetuses diagnosed with LBCV abnormalities was performed. RESULTS Sonographic assessment of the fetal LBCV was consistently achieved in the second and third trimesters and in some fetuses in the first trimester of pregnancy. In normal fetuses LBCV diameter increased significantly throughout pregnancy, with a mean value of 0.7 mm at 11 weeks and 4.9 mm at term. Dilation of the fetal LBCV was noted in five cases of intracranial arteriovenous malformation and six cases of supracardiac type total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. Abnormal course of the LBCV was noted in 12 fetuses. In 63 fetuses with a persistent left SVC and a right SVC the LBCV was absent. CONCLUSION This is the first study describing an effective sonographic approach for the assessment of fetal LBCV dimensions during pregnancy. The normative data may provide an additional means of detecting rare anomalies of systemic and pulmonary veins during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sinkovskaya
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA.
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26
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Jones B, Pepe S, Sheeran F, Donath S, Hardy P, Shekerdemian L, Penny D, McKenzie I, Horton S, Brizard C, d’Udekem Y, Konstantinov I, Cheung M. Remote Ischaemic Preconditioning Fails to Protect Cyanosed Neonates Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Vijayan S, Khanji M, Ionescu A, Vijayan S, Ionescu A, Podoleanu C, Frigy A, Ugri A, Varga A, Podoleanu D, Incze A, Carasca E, Dobreanu D, Mjolstad O, Dalen H, Graven T, Kleinau J, Hagen B, Fu H, Liu T, Li J, Liu C, Zhou C, Li G, Bordese R, Capriolo M, Brero D, Salvetti I, Cannillo M, Antolini M, Grosso Marra W, Frea S, Morello M, Gaita F, Maffessanti F, Caiani E, Muraru D, Tuveri F, Dal Bianco L, Badano L, Majid A, Soesanto A, Ario Suryo Kuncoro B, Sukmawan R, Ganesja MH, Benedek T, Chitu M, Beata J, Suciu Z, Kovacs I, Bucur O, Benedek I, Hrynkiewicz-Szymanska A, Szymanski F, Karpinski G, Filipiak K, Radunovic Z, Lande Wekre L, Steine K, Bech-Hanssen O, Rundqvist B, Lindgren F, Selimovic N, Jedrzychowska-Baraniak J, Jozwa R, Larysz B, Kasprzak J, Ripp T, Mordovin V, Ripp E, Ciobanu A, Dulgheru R, Dragoi R, Magda S, Florescu M, Mihaila S, Rimbas R, Cinteza M, Vinereanu D, Benavides-Vallve C, Pelacho B, Iglesias O, Castano S, Munoz-Barrutia A, Prosper F, Ortiz De Solorzano C, Manouras A, Sahlen A, Winter R, Vardas P, Brodin L, Sarvari SI, Haugaa KH, Zahid W, Bendz B, Aaberge L, Edvardsen T, Di Bella G, Pedri S, Donato R, Madaffari A, Zito C, Stapf D, Schreckenberg M, Carerj S, Yoshikawa H, Suzuki M, Kusunose Y, Hashimoto G, Otsuka T, Nakamura M, Sugi K, Grapsa J, Dawson D, Gin-Sing W, Howard L, Gibbs J, Nihoyannopoulos P, Smith B, Grapsa J, Dawson D, Coulter T, Rendon A, Gorissen W, Nihoyannopoulos P, Shiran A, Asmer I, Adawi S, Ganaeem M, Shehadeh J, Cameli M, Lisi M, Righini F, Maccherini M, Sani G, Galderisi M, Mondillo S, Kalimanovska-Ostric D, Nastasovic T, Jovanovic I, Milakovic B, Dostanic M, Stosic M, Sasic I, Sveen K, Nerdrum T, Hanssen K, Dahl-Jorgensen K, Steine K, Holte E, Vegsundvaag J, Hole T, Hegbom K, Wiseth R, Ikonomidis I, Lekakis J, Tritakis V, Papadakis I, Kadoglou N, Tzortzis S, Trivilou P, Koukoulis C, Paraskevaidis I, Anastasiou-Nana M, Smedsrud MK, Sarvari S, Haugaa KH, Gjesdal O, Aaberge L, Edvardsen T, Muraru D, Beraldo M, Solda' E, Cucchini U, Peluso D, Tuveri M, Al Mamary A, Badano L, Iliceto S, Dores H, Abecasis J, Carvalho M, Santos M, Andrade M, Ribeiras R, Reis C, Horta E, Gouveia R, Mendes M, Zaliaduonyte-Peksiene D, Mizariene V, Cesnaite G, Tamuleviciute E, Jurkevicius R, Vaskelyte J, Zaliunas R, Smarz K, Zaborska B, Jaxa-Chamiec T, Maciejewski P, Budaj A, Trifunovic D, Sobic-Saranovic D, Stankovic S, Ostojic M, Vujisic-Tesic B, Petrovic M, Nedeljkovic I, Banovic M, Tesic M, Petrovic I, Peovska I, Srbinovska E, Maksimovic J, Andova V, Arnaudova F, Hristova E, Otljanska M, Vavlukis M, Jovanova S, Tamborini G, Fusini L, Gripari P, Muratori M, Pontone G, Andreini D, Bertella E, Ghulam Ali S, Bartorelli A, Pepi M, Zito C, Cusma-Piccione M, Salvia J, Antonini-Canterin F, Lentini S, Di Bella G, Donato D, Miceli M, Oreto G, Carerj S, Shiran A, Adawi S, Sachner R, Asmer I, Ganaeem M, Rubinshtein R, Shnapp M, Gaspar T, Marchese A, Deste W, Sanfilippo A, Aruta P, Patane M, Millan G, Ussia G, Tamburino C, Banovic M, Vujisic-Tesic B, Kujacic V, Obradovic S, Nedeljkovic I, Trifunovic D, Petrovic M, Crkvenac Z, Ostojic M, Bernard A, Piquemal M, Muller G, Arbeille P, Charbonnier B, Broyd C, Davies J, Mikhail G, Mayet J, Francis D, Rosca M, Magne J, Szymanski C, Popescu B, Ginghina C, Pierard L, Lancellotti P, Gonzalez-Mansilla A, Solis J, Angulo R, Perez-David E, Madrid G, Garcia-Robles J, Yotti R, Prieto R, Bermejo J, Fernandez-Aviles F, Otsuka T, Suzuki M, Yoshikawa H, Ishikawa Y, Ishida T, Osaki T, Matsuyama M, Yamashita H, Ozaki S, Sugi K, Stevanella M, Votta E, Fusini L, Veronesi F, Tamborini G, Pepi M, Maffessanti F, Alamanni F, Redaelli A, Caiani E, Park SD, Lee J, Shin S, Woo S, Kim D, Park K, Kwan J, Tsang W, Chandra S, Weinert L, Gayat E, Djelassi M, Balbach T, Mor-Avi V, Lang R, De Meester P, Van De Bruaene A, Delcroix M, Budts W, Abid L, Frikha Z, Makni K, Rekik H, Znazen A, Mourad H, Kammoun S, Sargento L, Satendra M, Sousa C, Lopes S, Longo S, Lousada N, Palma Reis R, Fouad D, Shams Eldeen R, Rosca M, Popescu B, Beladan C, Calin A, Voinea F, Enache R, Jurcut R, Coman I, Ghionea M, Ginghina C, Tesic M, Djordjevic-Dikic A, Trifunovic D, Petrovic O, Nedeljkovic I, Petrovic M, Boricic M, Giga V, Ostojic M, Vujisic-Tesic B, Pisciella L, Lanzillo C, Minati M, Caselli S, Di Roma M, Fratini S, Romano S, Calo' L, Lioy E, Penco M, Finocchiaro G, Pinamonti B, Merlo M, Barbati G, Sinagra G, Finocchiaro G, Pinamonti B, Merlo M, Barbati G, Dilenarda A, Sinagra G, Comenale Pinto S, Ancona R, Caso P, Cavallaro C, Vecchione F, D'onofrio A, Fero' M, Calabro' R, Gustafsson S, Ihse E, Henein M, Westermark P, Suhr O, Lindqvist P, Oliva Sandoval M, Gonzalez Carrillo M, Garcia Navarro M, Garcia-Molina Saez E, Sabater Molina M, Saura Espin D, Lacunza Ruiz J, Gimeno Blanes J, De La Morena Valenzuela G, Valdes Chavarri M, Prinz C, Faber L, Horstkotte D, Hoetz H, Voigt J, Dores H, Gandara F, Correia M, Abecasis J, Rosario I, Fonseca C, Arroja I, Aleixo A, Martins A, Mendes M, Radulescu L, Dan Radulescu D, Parv Andreea P, Duncea Caius D, Ciuleanu T C, Mitrea Paulina M, Frea S, Capriolo M, Grosso Marra W, Cali Quaglia F, Bordese R, Ribezzo M, Boffini M, Rinaldi M, Gaita F, Morello M, Maceira Gonzalez AM, Cosin-Sales J, Dalli E, Diago J, Aguilar J, Ruvira J, Sousa C, Goncalves S, Gomes A, Pinto F, Tsai WC, Liu YW, Shih JY, Huang YY, Chen JY, Tsai LM, Chen JH, Sargento L, Satendra M, Longo S, Lousada N, Palma Reis R, Ribeiro S, Doroteia D, Goncalves S, Santos L, David C, Vinhas De Sousa G, Almeida A, Iwase M, Itou Y, Yasukochi S, Shiino K, Inuzuka H, Sugimoto K, Ozaki Y, Gieszczyk-Strozik K, Sikora-Puz A, Mizia M, Lasota B, Chmiel A, Lis-Swiety A, Michna J, Brzezinska-Wcislo L, Mizia-Stec K, Gasior Z, Luijendijk P, De Bruin-Bon H, Zwiers C, Vriend J, Van Den Brink R, Mulder B, Bouma B, Brigido S, Gianfagna P, Proclemer A, Plicht B, Kahlert P, Kaelsch H, Buck T, Erbel R, Konorza T, Yoon H, Kim K, Ahn Y, Jeong M, Cho J, Park J, Kang J, Rha W, Jansen Klomp WW, Brandon Bravo Bruinsma G, Van 'T Hof A, Spanjersberg S, Nierich A, Bombardini T, Gherardi S, Picano E, Ciarka A, Herbots L, Eroglu E, Van Cleemput J, Droogne W, Jasityte R, Meyns B, Voigt J, D'hooge J, Vanhaecke J, Al Barjas M, Iskreva R, Morris R, Davar J, Zhao Y, Lindqvist P, Holmgren A, Morner S, Henein M, Nedeljkovic I, Ostojic M, Giga V, Stepanovic J, Djordjevic-Dikic A, Beleslin B, Nedeljkovic M, Banovic M, Mazic S, Stojanov V, Piatkowski R, Kochanowski J, Scislo P, Grabowski M, Marchel M, Roik M, Kosior D, Opolski G, Tomaszewski A, Kutarski A, Tomaszewski M, Eibel S, Hasheminejad E, Mukherjee C, Tschernich H, Ender J, Delithanasis I, Celutkiene J, Kenny C, Monaghan M, Van Den Oord S, Ten Kate G, Akkus Z, Renaud G, Sijbrands E, Ten Cate F, De Jong N, Bosch J, Van Der Steen A, Schinkel A, Lisowska A, Knapp M, Tycinska A, Sawicki R, Kralisz P, Sobkowicz B, Chang SA, Lee SC, Kim EY, Hahm SH, Ahn GT, Sohn MK, Park SJ, Choi JO, Park SW, Oh JK, Gursoy MO, Gokdeniz T, Astarcioglu M, Bayram Z, Cakal B, Karakoyun S, Kalcik M, Kahveci G, Yildiz M, Ozkan M, Muraru D, Dal Bianco L, Solda' E, Cucchini U, Peluso D, Tuveri M, Al Mamary A, Badano L, Iliceto S, Skidan V, Borowski A, Park M, Thomas J, Ranjbar S, Hassantash S, Karvandi M, Foroughi M, Davidsen ES, Cramariuc D, Bleie O, Gerdts E, Matre K, Cusma' Piccione M, Zito C, Bagnato G, Di Bella G, Mohammed M, Piluso S, Oreto L, Oreto G, Bagnato G, Carerj S, Prinz C, Bitter T, Faber L, Horstkotte D, Dores H, Abecasis J, Carvalho S, Santos M, Andrade M, Ribeiras R, Canada M, Reis C, Gouveia R, Mendes M, Santisteban Sanchez De Puerta M, Mesa Rubio MD, Ruiz Ortiz M, Delgado Ortega M, Pena Pena ML, Puentes Chiachio M, Suarez De Lezo Cruz-Conde J, Pan Alvarez-Ossorio M, Mazuelos Bellido F, Suarez De Lezo Herreros De Tejada J, Altekin E, Yanikoglu A, Karakas S, Oncel C, Akdemir B, Belgi Yildirim A, Cilli A, Yilmaz H, Lenartowska L, Furdal M, Knysz B, Konieczny A, Lewczuk J, Comenale Pinto S, Ancona R, Caso P, Severino S, Cavallaro M, Coppola M, Calabro' R, Motoki H, To A, Bhargava M, Wazni O, Marwick T, Klein A, Sinkovskaya E, Horton S, Abuhamad A, Mingo Santos S, Monivas Palomero V, Beltran Correas B, Mitroi C, Gutierrez Landaluce C, Garcia Lunar I, Gonzalez Mirelis J, Cavero M, Segovia Cubero J, Alonso Pulpon L, Gurel E, Karaahmet T, Tigen K, Kirma C, Dundar C, Pala S, Isiklar I, Cevik C, Kilicgedik A, Basaran Y, Brambatti M, Romandini A, Barbarossa A, Molini S, Urbinati A, Giovagnoli A, Cipolletta L, Capucci A, Park S, Choi E, Ahn C, Hong S, Kim M, Lim D, Shim W, Xie J, Fang F, Zhang Q, Chan J, Yip G, Sanderson J, Lam Y, Yan B, Yu C, Jorge Perez P, De La Rosa Hernandez A, Hernandez Garcia C, Duque Garcia A, Barragan Acea A, Arroyo Ucar E, Jimenez Rivera J, Lacalzada Almeida J, Laynez Cerdena I, Maffessanti F, Gripari P, Pontone G, Andreini D, Tamborini G, Carminati C, Pepi M, Caiani E, Capoulade R, Larose E, Clavel M, Dumesnil J, Arsenault M, Bedard E, Mathieu P, Pibarot P, Gargani L, Baldi G, Forfori F, Caramella D, D'errico L, Abramo A, Sicari R, Picano E, Giunta F, Lee WN, Larrat B, Messas E, Pernot M, Tanter M, Velagic V, Cikes M, Matasic R, Skorak I, Skorak I, Samardzic J, Puljevic D, Lovric Bencic M, Biocina B, Milicic D, Roosens B, Bala G, Droogmans S, Hostens J, Somja J, Delvenne E, Schiettecatte J, Lahoutte T, Van Camp G, Cosyns B, Ghosh A, Hardy R, Chaturvedi N, Francis D, Deanfield J, Pellerin D, Kuh D, Hughes A, Malmgren A, Dencker M, Stagmo M, Gudmundsson P, Seo Y, Ishizu T, Aonuma K, Schuuring MJ, Vis J, Bouma B, Van Dijk A, Van Melle J, Pieper P, Vliegen H, Sieswerda G, Mulder B, Foukarakis E, Pitarokilis A, Kafarakis P, Kiritsi A, Klironomos E, Manousakis A, Fragiadaki X, Papadakis E, Dermitzakis A. Poster Session 1: Thursday 8 December 2011, 08:30-12:30 * Location: Poster Area. European Journal of Echocardiography 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/ejechocard/jer206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Sinkovskaya E, Horton S, Berkley EM, Cooper JK, Indika S, Abuhamad A. Defining the fetal cardiac axis between 11 + 0 and 14 + 6 weeks of gestation: experience with 100 consecutive pregnancies. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2010; 36:676-681. [PMID: 20814876 DOI: 10.1002/uog.8814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to establish normal fetal cardiac axis values during the first and early second trimesters of pregnancy. METHODS This was a prospective observational cohort study in which the fetal cardiac axis was assessed during ultrasound examinations in 100 consecutive fetuses between 11 + 0 and 14 + 6 weeks of gestation. Transabdominal, and, when indicated, transvaginal, approaches were used. Intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility were calculated. RESULTS The cardiac axis ranged from 34.5 to 56.8° (mean (SD) 47.6 ± 5.6°) in 94 fetuses with normal cardiac anatomy. The fetal cardiac axis tended to be significantly higher in fetuses at 11 + 0 to 11 + 6 weeks of gestation than in fetuses at 12 + 0 to 14 + 6 weeks of gestation. Congenital heart defects were found in six out of 100 fetuses, four of which had abnormal cardiac axis values at 11 + 0 to 14 + 6 weeks of gestation. CONCLUSION Cardiac axis measurement is possible in the first and early second trimesters of pregnancy. The assessment of cardiac axis at an early gestational age may help to identify pregnancies at high risk for congenital heart defects. Copyright
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sinkovskaya
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA.
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Abstract
Background Iodine deficiency has serious consequences, and the Universal Salt Iodization initiative has attempted to reduce the extent of deficiency. Objective We aim to see how far across-country variations in urinary iodine in school-age children can be explained by environmental factors, particularly soil iodine and the availability of iodized salt. Methods We use simple multivariate regression for two separate datasets, one for 30 developing countries, and one for 13 developed countries, using data on availability of iodized salt and soil iodine levels. Results Median urinary iodine excretion is significantly and positively related to household availability of iodized salt (elasticity, 0.73) for developing countries, but the soil coefficient is not significant, probably because the dummy variable is not well measured. For the developed countries, there is a positive and significant effect of salt penetration rates (elasticity, 0.83) and a positive and significant effect of soil iodine (elasticity, 0.77). There is also a suggestion that countries with more serious soil deficits are more likely to iodize salt, so that univariate regressions of urinary iodine excretion on salt availability or penetration rates underestimate the beneficial effects of iodized salt availability on iodine nutrition. Conclusions There are limitations to cross-sectional (ecologic) studies such as this, and the data are not perfect. Nevertheless, the results provide support for policies to iodize salt, given the widespread deficiency of iodine in diets worldwide.
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Best D, Butt W, Membrey M, Johansen A, Horton S. Extra corporeal membrane oxygenation in children: “21 today”. Aust Crit Care 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aucc.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Straub A, Smolich J, d'Udekem Y, Brizard C, Peter K, Horton S. Activation of platelets in young infants during cardiopulmonary bypass. Thromb Haemost 2009; 103:466-9. [PMID: 20024493 DOI: 10.1160/th09-05-0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Varanat M, Maggi RG, Linder KE, Horton S, Breitschwerdt EB. Cross-contamination in the Molecular Detection of Bartonella from Paraffin-embedded Tissues. Vet Pathol 2009; 46:940-4. [DOI: 10.1354/vp.08-vp-0259-b-bc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The genus Bartonella comprises a group of gram-negative, fastidious bacteria. Because of diagnostic limitations of culture and serologic testing, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has become a powerful tool for the detection of Bartonella spp. in blood and tissue samples. However, because many wild and domestic animals harbor Bartonella spp., transfer of Bartonella DNA during sample collection or histologic processing could result in false-positive PCR test results. In this study, we describe evidence of Bartonella DNA dissemination and transfer in the necropsy room and during the subsequent processing of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Bartonella DNA was amplified from different areas of the necropsy room, from the liquid paraffin in the tissue processor, and from different parts of the microtome. Unless stringent procedures are established and followed to avoid cross-contamination, the molecular detection of Bartonella spp. from tissue samples obtained at necropsy or processed in a multispecies histopathology laboratory will not be reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Varanat
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC
| | - R. G. Maggi
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC
| | - K. E. Linder
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research and the Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC
| | - S. Horton
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research and the Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC
| | - E. B. Breitschwerdt
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC
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Hall A, Horton S, de Silva N. The costs and cost-effectiveness of mass treatment for intestinal nematode worm infections using different treatment thresholds. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2009; 3:e402. [PMID: 19333371 PMCID: PMC2657832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is estimated that almost a half of all of people living in developing countries today are infected with roundworms, hookworms, or whipworms or combinations of these types of intestinal nematode worms. They can all be treated using safe, effective, and inexpensive single-dose generic drugs costing as little as USD 0.03 per person treated when bought in bulk. The disease caused by intestinal nematodes is strongly related to the number of worms in the gut, and it is typical to find that worms tend to be aggregated or clumped in their distribution so that <20% of people may harbour >80% of all worms. This clumping of worms is greatest when the prevalence is low. When the prevalence rises above 50%, the mean worm burden increases exponentially, worms are less clumped, and more people are likely to have moderate to heavy infections and may be diseased. Children are most at risk. For these reasons, the World Health Organization (WHO) currently recommends mass treatment of children ≥1 year old without prior diagnosis when the prevalence is ≥20% and treatment twice a year when the prevalence is ≥50%. Methods and Findings The risk of moderate to heavy infections with intestinal nematodes was estimated by applying the negative binomial probability distribution, then the drug cost of treating diseased individuals was calculated based on different threshold numbers of worms. Based on this cost analysis, a new three-tier treatment regime is proposed: if the combined prevalence is >40%, treat all children once a year; >60% treat twice a year; and >80% treat three times a year. Using average data on drug and delivery costs of USD 0.15 to treat a school-age child and USD 0.25 to treat a pre-school child (with provisos) the cost of treating children aged 2–14 years was calculated for 105 low- and low-middle-income countries and for constituent regions of India and China based on estimates of the combined prevalence of intestinal nematode worms therein. The annual cost of the three-tier threshold was estimated to be USD 224 million compared with USD 276 million when the current WHO recommendations for mass treatment were applied. Conclusion The three-tier treatment thresholds were less expensive and more effective as they allocated a greater proportion of expenditures to treating infected individuals when compared with the WHO thresholds (73% compared with 61%) and treated a larger proportion of individuals with moderate to heavy worm burdens, arbitrarily defined as more than 10 worms per person (31% compared with 21%). Almost one in every two people in the developing world is infected with one or more types of intestinal nematode worms. When fewer than 50% of people are infected, most carry only a few worms; but when more than 50% are infected, the number carrying moderate to heavy numbers increases markedly, as does the risk of disease. The WHO recommends annual mass deworming of children when 20% or more are infected and twice a year if 50% or more are infected. We estimated the cost of this to treat children with 10+ worms, an arbitrary moderate to heavy infection. We concluded that it is not cost-effective to mass treat children when fewer than 40% are infected because the majority are uninfected and few are likely be diseased. We propose annual treatment when 40% or more children are infected, twice a year at 60%, and three times a year at 80% or more. This would cost USD 224 million annually to treat all children aged 2–14 years in 107 developing countries compared with USD 276 million using current WHO guidelines. The new three-tier guidelines also treat a larger proportion of infected children and treat children with moderate to heavy worm burdens more often.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Hall
- Centre for Public Health Nutrition, University of Westminster, London, UK.
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Straub A, Smolich J, Schiebold D, Wendel HP, Ziemer G, d'Udekem Y, Brizard C, Peter K, Horton S. Platelet reactivity in paediatric cardiac surgery: Should pharmacological platelet protection be performed during cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermia in young infants? Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1191537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Campbell SM, Morton CA, Alyahya R, Horton S, Pye A, Curnow A. Clinical investigation of the novel iron-chelating agent, CP94, to enhance topical photodynamic therapy of nodular basal cell carcinoma. Br J Dermatol 2008; 159:387-93. [PMID: 18544077 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08668.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the activation of a photosensitizer by visible light to produce activated oxygen species within target cells, resulting in their destruction. Evidence-based guidelines support the efficacy of PDT using topical 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA-PDT) in actinic keratoses, Bowen disease and basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Efficacy for nodular BCC appears inferior to that for superficial BCC unless prior debulking or repeat treatments are performed. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of adding a novel iron-chelating agent, CP94 (1,2-diethyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one hydrochloride), to topical ALA, to temporarily increase the accumulation of the photosensitizer in the tumour. METHODS A mixed topical formulation of ALA + increasing concentrations of CP94 was used to carry out PDT on previously biopsied nodular BCC with no prior lesion preparation using standard light delivery. The area was assessed clinically and surgically excised 6 weeks later for histological examination. RESULTS Enhanced PDT using 40% CP94 resulted in significantly greater clearance rates in nodular BCC than with ALA-PDT alone, in our protocol of single-treatment PDT with no lesion preparation. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate the safe and effective use of an enhanced ALA-PDT protocol for nodular BCC using CP94, with no adverse reactions to this modification. This is the first time this formulation has been used in patients. This formulation is now the focus of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Campbell
- Cornwall Dermatology Research, Peninsula Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, Cornwall TR1 3LJ, UK.
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Campbell SM, Pye A, Horton S, Matthew J, Helliwell P, Curnow A. A Clinical Investigation to Determine the Effect of Pressure Injection on the Penetration of Topical Methyl Aminolevulinate into Nodular Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Skin. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2007; 26:295-303. [DOI: 10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.v26.i4.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
This paper summarizes some of the literature on the cost effectiveness and cost benefit of food fortification with selected micronutrients most relevant for developing countries. Micronutrients covered include iron, iodine, vitamin A, and zinc. The main focus is on commercial fortification, although home fortification and biofortification are mentioned. Fortification with iron, vitamin A, and zinc averts significant numbers of infant and child deaths and is a very attractive preventive health-care intervention. Fortification with iron, iodine, and potentially zinc provides significant economic benefits and the low unit cost of food fortification ensures large benefit:cost ratios, with effects via cognition being very important for iron and iodine. Fortification will not reach all individuals and is most attractive as an investment where there is a convenient food vehicle, where processing is more centralized, and where either the deficiency is widespread or the adverse effects are very costly even though only a small group is affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Horton
- Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada.
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Horton S, Byng S, Bunning K, Pring T. Teaching and learning speech and language therapy skills: the effectiveness of classroom as clinic in speech and language therapy student education. Int J Lang Commun Disord 2004; 39:365-390. [PMID: 15204446 DOI: 10.1080/13682820410001662019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terms such as 'clinical intuition' have often been applied to the practice of speech and language therapy. Various authors have aimed to make the process of therapy practice more explicit, and it is argued that recently developed descriptive/analytic frameworks have the potential to engender the critical mindset necessary for student speech and language therapists to become good reflective practitioners, with the potential for enhancing clinical education. AIMS To investigate whether and how aspects of clinical skills education could be usefully addressed in an academic, as opposed to a clinical, setting. The study aimed to address the question of whether use of an interaction analysis system, in conjunction with video observation, and 'practice simulation' in a teaching-learning programme could be shown to have a positive impact on: (1) students' perceptions of their own understanding and practice of therapy, and their perceptions of themselves as self-reflective practitioners; and whether (2) this was borne out by students' ability to observe and interpret therapeutic interaction, as measured by (i) an objective written assessment; (ii) an objective video observation assessment; and (iii) assessment of their abilities in clinical practice. METHODS & PROCEDURES Thirty-six students from City University took part in an experimental, placebo-controlled study using a deferred intervention design. Assessments designed to reflect changes resulting from the teaching-learning curriculum were carried out pre- and post-intervention with experimental and control groups. Quantitative and qualitative results were obtained. OUTCOMES & RESULTS The intervention programme was found to have had a significant impact on students' perceptions of their understanding of therapy, but not on their perceptions of their practice of therapy. The experimental group scored significantly better on a written assessment of 'interpretation of therapy interaction', but were no better than the control group on a 'Video observation' assessment. Owing to attrition and the poor quality of videos submitted for assessment, it was not possible to measure changes in actual clinical practice. Qualitative feedback from the teaching-learning programme suggests that students generally found the approach to be beneficial. CONCLUSIONS While there were some encouraging results, it is still uncertain whether addressing the actual practice of therapy in an academic setting gives 'added value' to the work carried out on clinical placements. However, there is no doubt that bringing this type of programme under the umbrella of an academic institution would greatly increase the consistency of teaching and the range of experiences available to students.
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Abstract
Regardless of the possible existence of physiological advantages in East African runners, belief that such differences exist creates a psychological atmosphere that can have significant consequences on performance. This is known as stereotype threat and can feature in many sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Baker
- School of Physical and Health Education, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada.
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Popkin BM, Horton S, Kim S, Mahal A, Shuigao J. Trends in diet, nutritional status, and diet-related noncommunicable diseases in China and India: the economic costs of the nutrition transition. Nutr Rev 2001; 59:379-90. [PMID: 11766908 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2001.tb06967.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Undernutrition is being rapidly reduced in India and China. In both countries the diet is shifting toward higher fat and lower carbohydrate content. Distinct features are high intakes of foods from animal sources and edible oils in China, and high intakes of dairy and added sugar in India. The proportion of overweight is increasing very rapidly in China among all adults; in India the shift is most pronounced among urban residents and high-income rural residents. Hypertension and stroke are relatively higher in China and adult-onset diabetes is relatively higher in India. Established economic techniques were used to measure and project the costs of undernutrition and diet-related noncommunicable diseases in 1995 and 2025. Current WHO mortality projections of diet-related noncommunicable diseases, dietary and body composition survey data, and national data sets of hospital costs for healthcare, are used for the economic analyses. In 1995, China's costs of undernutrition and costs of diet-related noncommunicable diseases were of similar magnitude, but there will be a rapid increase in the costs and prevalence of diet-related noncommunicable diseases by 2025. By contrast with China, India's costs of undernutrition will continue to decline, but undernutrition costs did surpass overnutrition diet-related noncommunicable disease costs in 1995. India's rapid increase in diet-related noncommunicable diseases and their costs projects similar economic costs of undernutrition and overnutrition by 2025.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Popkin
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27516-3997, USA
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Buescher PA, Horton S. Prenatal WIC participation in relation to low birth weight and Medicaid infant costs in North Carolina--a 1997 update. J Am Diet Assoc 2001; 101:997. [PMID: 11573768 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8223(01)00245-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Horton S, Hashimoto K. Lichenoid papules on the hands, arms, and ear of an 84-year-old woman. Arch Dermatol 2001; 137:219-24. [PMID: 11176699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Horton
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Abstract
This commentary assesses the strength of the causal evidence presented by Haas and Brownlie in this supplement and examines the potential magnitude of iron-deficiency anemia on welfare. From both the laboratory and field experiments, the evidence is strong and suggests that the potential magnitude of the effect of iron-deficiency anemia on work productivity is substantial. This commentary briefly discusses some of the limitations of using the estimates of effects on physiological capacity for measuring the effect on the social and economic well-being of individuals and society. Biological data are relevant to social and economic development, but additional field studies may be as important as the laboratory experiments to answer questions that also affect work productivity, household maintenance and child raising activities, and hence affect social and economic development. We extend the critical evidence review of human field studies that received disproportionately less attention than the laboratory studies in Haas and Brownlie. We provide some estimates of the magnitude of effects on well-being based on how this information has been used. Future field studies that examine the effect of iron-deficiency anemia and work output in an economic sense should measure increases in productivity but should complement this information with data on wages, income or some measure of profits to derive a money metric measure of increased productivity. Additional information on individual time allocation in household work, child care and leisure may also be required to capture social benefits deriving from improved work capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Horton
- Munk Centre for International Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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46
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Simmons AD, Horton S, Abney AL, Johnson JE. Neurogenin2 expression in ventral and dorsal spinal neural tube progenitor cells is regulated by distinct enhancers. Dev Biol 2001; 229:327-39. [PMID: 11203697 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.2000.9984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Neurogenin2 (NGN2) is expressed in distinct populations of neural progenitor cells within the developing central and peripheral nervous systems. Transgenic mice containing ngn2/lacZ reporter constructs were used to study the regulation of ngn2 in the developing spinal cord. ngn2/lacZ transgenic embryos containing sequence found 5' or 3' to the ngn2 coding region express lacZ in domains that reflect the spatial and temporal expression profile of endogenous ngn2. A 4.4-kb fragment 5' of ngn2 was sufficient to drive lacZ expression in the ventral neural tube, whereas a 1.0-kb fragment located 3' of ngn2 directed expression to both dorsal and ventral domains. Persistent -gal activity revealed that the NGN2 progenitor cells in the dorsal domain give rise to a subset of interneurons that send their axons to the floor plate, and the NGN2 progenitors in the ventral domain give rise to a subset of motor neurons. We identified a discrete element that is required for the activity of the ngn2 enhancer specifically in the ventral neural tube. Thus, separable regulatory elements that direct ngn2 expression to distinct neural progenitor populations have been defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Simmons
- Center for Basic Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9111, USA
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Abstract
Discussions around a 'theory of therapy' have prompted attempts to delineate the components of therapy for language impairment in aphasia. Here it is suggested that the therapy components associated with how language therapy is enacted need more precise specification, especially in relation to what is entailed by interaction between therapist and person with aphasia. Presented too is a system used for the analysis of interaction in language impairment therapy for aphasia and its possible applications are discussed. Components of the system are described and a sample analysis presented. The methodological difficulties entailed in making comparisons of therapy enactment are discussed. It is suggested furthermore that unless more is known about precisely defined interactions in therapy, it will be difficult to answer basic questions not only about how language therapy is being carried out, but also, subsequently, whether the ways in which therapy tasks are enacted have a significant impact on the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Horton
- Department of Language and Communication Science, City University, London, UK.
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48
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Horton S. Caring for older people. Nurs Times 2000; 96:43. [PMID: 11188622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Horton S, Alster TS. Preoperative and postoperative considerations for carbon dioxide laser resurfacing. Cutis 1999; 64:399-406. [PMID: 10626103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous laser resurfacing is a tremendous advance in the treatment of photoaged skin. With the recent developments in laser technology, the procedure has become widely utilized among many physician subspecialists. The latest laser systems permit controlled vaporization of skin so that most novice operators feel comfortable with the technique in a short period of time. Nevertheless, there are many issues that need to be addressed before performing the procedure. First, not every person is an appropriate candidate for laser resurfacing. Second, both the physician and the patient must be aware of the preoperative preparation and prolonged postoperative care involved with the procedure. Finally, the physician must be able to identify and treat, and the patient must be educated about, the side effects and potential complications associated with the procedure. It is only by addressing these issues that the clinical results obtained by CO2 laser resurfacing can be maximized.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Horton
- Washington Institute of Dermatologic Laser Surgery, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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50
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Tabet SR, Surawicz C, Horton S, Paradise M, Coletti AS, Gross M, Fleming TR, Buchbinder S, Haggitt RC, Levine H, Kelly CW, Celum CL. Safety and toxicity of nonoxynol-9 gel as a rectal microbicide. Sex Transm Dis 1999; 26:564-71. [PMID: 10560720 DOI: 10.1097/00007435-199911000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Methods of HIV and STD prevention, which can be controlled by the receptive partner, are a high priority for research and development. Studies on the safety of Nonoxynol-9 (N-9) on the vaginal mucosa have yielded conflicting results. No Phase I study has evaluated the effect of N-9 on the rectal mucosa. GOALS To assess the safety of 52.5 mg of N-9 in a 1.5-g gel when applied one to four applicators per day to the rectum and penis. STUDY DESIGN The study included 25 HIV-negative and 10 HIV-positive, monogamous gay male couples in which each partner was exclusively insertive or receptive while using N-9 gel. Each participant served as his own control during placebo gel use compared to during N-9 gel use. Receptive partners underwent anoscopic examination after 1 week of placebo use and after 2, 5, and 6 weeks of N-9 gel use, with rectal biopsies obtained after 1 week of placebo use and after 5 and 6 weeks of N-9 gel use. Insertive partners had safety monitoring after 1 week of placebo use and after 2, 5, and 6 weeks of N-9. RESULTS No rectal ulcers were detected; superficial rectal erosions were noted in two HIV-negative participants. Abnormal or slightly abnormal histologic abnormalities of rectal biopsies were detected in 31 (89%) receptive participants after N-9 gel use compared to 24 (69%) participants after 1 week of placebo gel use. Meatal ulceration, not caused by herpes simplex virus, was detected in one HIV-negative participant. CONCLUSION Low-dose N-9 gel was not associated with macroscopic rectal and penile epithelial disruption or inflammation, but histologic abnormalities were commonly observed during N-9 gel as well as during placebo gel use.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Tabet
- University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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