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Stevanovic V, Tabain I, Vilibic-Cavlek T, Mauric Maljkovic M, Benvin I, Hruskar Z, Kovac S, Smit I, Miletic G, Hadina S, Staresina V, Radin L, Plichta V, Skrlin B, Vrbanac Z, Brkljacic M, Cvetnic M, Habus J, Martinkovic K, Zecevic I, Jurkic G, Ferencak I, Stritof Z, Perharic M, Bucic L, Barbic L. The Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 within the Dog Population in Croatia: Host Factors and Clinical Outcome. Viruses 2021; 13:1430. [PMID: 34452296 PMCID: PMC8402787 DOI: 10.3390/v13081430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over a year into the COVID-19 pandemic, there is growing evidence that SARS-CoV-2 infections among dogs are more common than previously thought. In this study, the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was investigated in two dog populations. The first group was comprised of 1069 dogs admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital for any given reason. The second group included dogs that shared households with confirmed COVID-19 cases in humans. This study group numbered 78 dogs. In COVID-19 infected households, 43.9% tested ELISA positive, and neutralising antibodies were detected in 25.64% of dogs. Those data are comparable with the secondary attack rate in the human population. With 14.69% of dogs in the general population testing ELISA positive, there was a surge of SARS-CoV-2 infections within the dog population amid the second wave of the pandemic. Noticeably seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the dog and the human population did not differ at the end of the study period. Male sex, breed and age were identified as significant risk factors. This study gives strong evidence that while acute dog infections are mostly asymptomatic, they can pose a significant risk to dog health. Due to the retrospective nature of this study, samples for viral isolation and PCR were unavailable. Still, seropositive dogs had a 1.97 times greater risk for developing central nervous symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Stevanovic
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.B.); (S.K.); (G.M.); (V.S.); (L.B.)
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (S.H.); (L.R.); (V.P.); (B.S.); (Z.V.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (J.H.); (K.M.); (I.Z.); (G.J.); (Z.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Irena Tabain
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (Z.H.); (I.F.)
| | - Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (Z.H.); (I.F.)
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Mauric Maljkovic
- Department for Animal Breeding and Livestock Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Iva Benvin
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.B.); (S.K.); (G.M.); (V.S.); (L.B.)
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (S.H.); (L.R.); (V.P.); (B.S.); (Z.V.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (J.H.); (K.M.); (I.Z.); (G.J.); (Z.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Zeljka Hruskar
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (Z.H.); (I.F.)
| | - Snjezana Kovac
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.B.); (S.K.); (G.M.); (V.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Iva Smit
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (S.H.); (L.R.); (V.P.); (B.S.); (Z.V.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (J.H.); (K.M.); (I.Z.); (G.J.); (Z.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Gorana Miletic
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.B.); (S.K.); (G.M.); (V.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Suzana Hadina
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (S.H.); (L.R.); (V.P.); (B.S.); (Z.V.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (J.H.); (K.M.); (I.Z.); (G.J.); (Z.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Vilim Staresina
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.B.); (S.K.); (G.M.); (V.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Lada Radin
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (S.H.); (L.R.); (V.P.); (B.S.); (Z.V.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (J.H.); (K.M.); (I.Z.); (G.J.); (Z.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Valentina Plichta
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (S.H.); (L.R.); (V.P.); (B.S.); (Z.V.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (J.H.); (K.M.); (I.Z.); (G.J.); (Z.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Branimir Skrlin
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (S.H.); (L.R.); (V.P.); (B.S.); (Z.V.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (J.H.); (K.M.); (I.Z.); (G.J.); (Z.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Zoran Vrbanac
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (S.H.); (L.R.); (V.P.); (B.S.); (Z.V.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (J.H.); (K.M.); (I.Z.); (G.J.); (Z.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Mirna Brkljacic
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (S.H.); (L.R.); (V.P.); (B.S.); (Z.V.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (J.H.); (K.M.); (I.Z.); (G.J.); (Z.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Marija Cvetnic
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (S.H.); (L.R.); (V.P.); (B.S.); (Z.V.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (J.H.); (K.M.); (I.Z.); (G.J.); (Z.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Josipa Habus
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (S.H.); (L.R.); (V.P.); (B.S.); (Z.V.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (J.H.); (K.M.); (I.Z.); (G.J.); (Z.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Kresimir Martinkovic
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (S.H.); (L.R.); (V.P.); (B.S.); (Z.V.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (J.H.); (K.M.); (I.Z.); (G.J.); (Z.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Iva Zecevic
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (S.H.); (L.R.); (V.P.); (B.S.); (Z.V.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (J.H.); (K.M.); (I.Z.); (G.J.); (Z.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Gabrijela Jurkic
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (S.H.); (L.R.); (V.P.); (B.S.); (Z.V.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (J.H.); (K.M.); (I.Z.); (G.J.); (Z.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Ivana Ferencak
- Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (Z.H.); (I.F.)
| | - Zinka Stritof
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (S.H.); (L.R.); (V.P.); (B.S.); (Z.V.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (J.H.); (K.M.); (I.Z.); (G.J.); (Z.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Matko Perharic
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (S.H.); (L.R.); (V.P.); (B.S.); (Z.V.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (J.H.); (K.M.); (I.Z.); (G.J.); (Z.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Lovro Bucic
- Department of Epidemiology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ljubo Barbic
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.B.); (S.K.); (G.M.); (V.S.); (L.B.)
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (S.H.); (L.R.); (V.P.); (B.S.); (Z.V.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (J.H.); (K.M.); (I.Z.); (G.J.); (Z.S.); (M.P.)
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Koehler P, Arendrup MC, Arikan-Akdagli S, Bassetti M, Bretagne S, Klingspor L, Lagrou K, Meis JF, Rautemaa-Richardson R, Schelenz S, Hamprecht A, Koehler FC, Kurzai O, Salmanton-García J, Vehreschild JJ, Alanio A, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Arsenijevic VA, Gangneux JP, Gow NAR, Hadina S, Hamal P, Johnson E, Klimko N, Lass-Flörl C, Mares M, Özenci V, Papp T, Roilides E, Sabino R, Segal E, Fe Talento A, Tortorano AM, Verweij PE, Hoenigl M, Cornely OA. ECMM CandiReg-A ready to use platform for outbreaks and epidemiological studies. Mycoses 2019; 62:920-927. [PMID: 31271702 PMCID: PMC7614793 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent outbreaks of Candida auris further exemplify that invasive Candida infections are a substantial threat to patients and healthcare systems. Even short treatment delays are associated with higher mortality rates. Epidemiological shifts towards more resistant Candida spp. require careful surveillance. OBJECTIVES Triggered by the emergence of C auris and by increasing antifungal resistance rates the European Confederation of Medical Mycology developed an international Candida Registry (FungiScope™ CandiReg) to allow contemporary multinational surveillance. METHODS CandiReg serves as platform for international cooperation to enhance research regarding invasive Candida infections. CandiReg uses the General Data Protection Regulation compliant data platform ClinicalSurveys.net that holds the electronic case report forms (eCRF). Data entry is supported via an interactive macro created by the software that can be accessed via any Internet browser. RESULTS CandiReg provides an eCRF for invasive Candida infections that can be used for a variety of studies from cohort studies on attributable mortality to evaluations of guideline adherence, offering to the investigators of the 28 ECMM member countries the opportunity to document their cases of invasive Candida infection. CandiReg allows the monitoring of epidemiology of invasive Candida infections, including monitoring of multinational outbreaks. Here, we describe the structure and management of the CandiReg platform. CONCLUSION CandiReg supports the collection of clinical information and isolates to improve the knowledge on epidemiology and eventually to improve management of invasive Candida infections. CandiReg promotes international collaboration, improving the availability and quality of evidence on invasive Candida infection and contributes to improved patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Koehler
- Faculty of Medicine, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Dusseldorf (CIO ABCD), Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maiken Cavling Arendrup
- Unit of Mycology, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sevtap Arikan-Akdagli
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Matteo Bassetti
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Clinic, University of Udine and Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Stéphane Bretagne
- Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, Lariboisière Saint-Louis Fernand Widal Hospitals, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Molecular Mycology Unit, CNRS, UMR2000, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lena Klingspor
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katrien Lagrou
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Center for Mycosis, Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jacques F. Meis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Center of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc/CWZ, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Riina Rautemaa-Richardson
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Mycology Reference Centre Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Silke Schelenz
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Axel Hamprecht
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix C. Koehler
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Department II of Internal Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Kurzai
- National Reference Center for Invasive Fungal Infections, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jon Salmanton-García
- Faculty of Medicine, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Dusseldorf (CIO ABCD), Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg-Janne Vehreschild
- Faculty of Medicine, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Dusseldorf (CIO ABCD), Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandre Alanio
- Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, Lariboisière Saint-Louis Fernand Widal Hospitals, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Molecular Mycology Unit, CNRS, UMR2000, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Valentina Arsic Arsenijevic
- National Reference Medical Mycology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jean-Pierre Gangneux
- Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et travail, Inserm, CHU de Rennes, EHESP, UMR_ S 1085, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | | | - Suzana Hadina
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petr Hamal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
- University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Elizabeth Johnson
- Public Health England Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Infection Services, PHE South West Laboratory, Science Quarter, Southmead Hospital, Southmead, Bristol, UK
| | - Nikolay Klimko
- Department of Clinical Mycology, Allergy and Immunology, North Western State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mihai Mares
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Ion lonescu de la Brad University, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Volkan Özenci
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tamas Papp
- MTA-SZTE Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Emmanuel Roilides
- Infectious Diseases Unit, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Raquel Sabino
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nacional Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge - Reference Unit for Parasitic and Fungal Infections, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Esther Segal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alida Fe Talento
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Microbiology Department, Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda, Ireland
- Department of Microbiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Anna Maria Tortorano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paul E. Verweij
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Center of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc/CWZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Hoenigl
- Section of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, UCSD, San Diego, California
| | - Oliver A. Cornely
- Faculty of Medicine, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Dusseldorf (CIO ABCD), Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Clinical Trials Centre Cologne (ZKS Köln), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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