1
|
Honko AN, Hunegnaw R, Moliva JI, Ploquin A, Dulan CNM, Murray T, Carr D, Foulds KE, Geisbert JB, Geisbert TW, Johnson JC, Wollen-Roberts SE, Trefry JC, Stanley DA, Sullivan NJ. A Single-shot ChAd3 Vaccine Provides Protection from Intramuscular and Aerosol Sudan Virus Exposure. bioRxiv 2024:2024.02.07.579118. [PMID: 38410448 PMCID: PMC10896339 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.07.579118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Infection with Sudan virus (SUDV) is characterized by an aggressive disease course with case fatality rates between 40-100% and no approved vaccines or therapeutics. SUDV causes sporadic outbreaks in sub-Saharan Africa, including a recent outbreak in Uganda which has resulted in over 100 confirmed cases in one month. Prior vaccine and therapeutic efforts have historically prioritized Ebola virus (EBOV), leading to a significant gap in available treatments. Two vaccines, Erbevo ® and Zabdeno ® /Mvabea ® , are licensed for use against EBOV but are ineffective against SUDV. Recombinant adenovirus vector vaccines have been shown to be safe and effective against filoviruses, but efficacy depends on having low seroprevalence to the vector in the target human population. For this reason, and because of an excellent safety and immunogenicity profile, ChAd3 was selected as a superior vaccine vector. Here, a ChAd3 vaccine expressing the SUDV glycoprotein (GP) was evaluated for immunogenicity and efficacy in nonhuman primates. We demonstrate that a single dose of ChAd3-SUDV confers acute and durable protection against lethal SUDV challenge with a strong correlation between the SUDV GP-specific antibody titers and survival outcome. Additionally, we show that a bivalent ChAd3 vaccine encoding the GP from both EBOV and SUDV protects against both parenteral and aerosol lethal SUDV challenge. Our data indicate that the ChAd3-SUDV vaccine is a suitable candidate for a prophylactic vaccination strategy in regions at high risk of filovirus outbreaks. One Sentence Summary: A single-dose of ChAd3 vaccine protected macaques from lethal challenge with Sudan virus (SUDV) by parenteral and aerosol routes of exposure.
Collapse
|
2
|
Haddow AD, Perez-Sautu U, Wiley MR, Miller LJ, Kimmel AE, Principe LM, Wollen-Roberts SE, Shamblin JD, Valdez SM, Cazares LH, Pratt WD, Rossi FD, Lugo-Roman L, Bavari S, Palacios GF, Nalca A, Nasar F, Pitt MLM. Modeling mosquito-borne and sexual transmission of Zika virus in an enzootic host, the African green monkey. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008107. [PMID: 32569276 PMCID: PMC7343349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne and sexual transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV), a TORCH pathogen, recently initiated a series of large epidemics throughout the Tropics. Animal models are necessary to determine transmission risk and study pathogenesis, as well screen antivirals and vaccine candidates. In this study, we modeled mosquito and sexual transmission of ZIKV in the African green monkey (AGM). Following subcutaneous, intravaginal or intrarectal inoculation of AGMs with ZIKV, we determined the transmission potential and infection dynamics of the virus. AGMs inoculated by all three transmission routes exhibited viremia and viral shedding followed by strong virus neutralizing antibody responses, in the absence of clinical illness. All four of the subcutaneously inoculated AGMs became infected (mean peak viremia: 2.9 log10 PFU/mL, mean duration: 4.3 days) and vRNA was detected in their oral swabs, with infectious virus being detected in a subset of these specimens. Although all four of the intravaginally inoculated AGMs developed virus neutralizing antibody responses, only three had detectable viremia (mean peak viremia: 4.0 log10 PFU/mL, mean duration: 3.0 days). These three AGMs also had vRNA and infectious virus detected in both oral and vaginal swabs. Two of the four intrarectally inoculated AGMs became infected (mean peak viremia: 3.8 log10 PFU/mL, mean duration: 3.5 days). vRNA was detected in oral swabs collected from both of these infected AGMs, and infectious virus was detected in an oral swab from one of these AGMs. Notably, vRNA and infectious virus were detected in vaginal swabs collected from the infected female AGM (peak viral load: 7.5 log10 copies/mL, peak titer: 3.8 log10 PFU/mL, range of detection: 5–21 days post infection). Abnormal clinical chemistry and hematology results were detected and acute lymphadenopathy was observed in some AGMs. Infection dynamics in all three AGM ZIKV models are similar to those reported in the majority of human ZIKV infections. Our results indicate that the AGM can be used as a surrogate to model mosquito or sexual ZIKV transmission and infection. Furthermore, our results suggest that AGMs are likely involved in the enzootic maintenance and amplification cycle of ZIKV. Zika virus (ZIKV) is primarily maintained in an enzootic cycle involving nonhuman primates and mosquitoes, with epizootics and epidemics occurring when the virus is introduced into naïve populations of nonhuman primates or humans, respectively. While, the primary transmission mechanism of the virus is by the bite on an infected mosquito, ZIKV can also be sexually transmitted. In an effort to develop novel animal models to study ZIKV disease, and to better understand the role of nonhuman primates as amplification and maintenance hosts of ZIKV in nature, we modeled mosquito-borne and sexual transmission of ZIKV in the enzootic host, the African green monkey (AGM). Infection dynamics and neutralizing antibody responses in all three AGM ZIKV models (subcutaneous, intravaginal and intrarectal) in the absence of clinical illness–recapitulated reported generalized human disease course. Furthermore, we detected prolonged shedding with high viral loads and infectious virus in the vaginal swabs collected from an infected female AGM inoculated intrarectally. Notably, these results support limited human clinical evidence that ZIKV transmission can occur during female-to-male vaginal sexual acts, and furthermore indicate the existence of ZIKV super-spreaders. Finally, our results indicate sexual transmission of ZIKV could occur among infected nonhuman primates (e.g. Chlorocebus spp.) in Africa and may serve as a secondary transmission and maintenance mechanism in the absence of mosquito-to-nonhuman primate transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Haddow
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Unai Perez-Sautu
- Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Wiley
- Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lynn J. Miller
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Adrienne E. Kimmel
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lucia M. Principe
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Suzanne E. Wollen-Roberts
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joshua D. Shamblin
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stephanie M. Valdez
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lisa H. Cazares
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - William D. Pratt
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Franco D. Rossi
- Aerobiology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Luis Lugo-Roman
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sina Bavari
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gustavo F. Palacios
- Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Aysegul Nalca
- Aerobiology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Farooq Nasar
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - M. Louise M. Pitt
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mucker EM, Wollen-Roberts SE, Kimmel A, Shamblin J, Sampey D, Hooper JW. Intranasal monkeypox marmoset model: Prophylactic antibody treatment provides benefit against severe monkeypox virus disease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006581. [PMID: 29927927 PMCID: PMC6029809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Concerns regarding outbreaks of human monkeypox or the potential reintroduction of smallpox into an immunological naïve population have prompted the development of animal models and countermeasures. Here we present a marmoset model of monkeypox and smallpox disease utilizing a relevant poxvirus via a natural exposure route. We found that 1000 plaque forming units (PFU) of Monkeypox virus was sufficient to recapitulate smallpox disease, to include an incubation period of approximately 13 days, followed by the onset of rash, and death between 15 and 17 days. Temporally accurate manifestation of viremia and oral shedding were also features. The number of lesions ranged from no lesions to 299, the most reported in a marmoset exposed to a poxvirus. To both evaluate the efficacy of our antibodies and the applicability of the model system, marmosets were prophylactically treated with two monoclonal antibodies, c7D11 and c8A. Of three marmosets, two were completely free of disease and a single marmoset died 8 days after the mock (n = 1) or PBS control(s) (n = 2). Evaluation of the serum levels of the three animals provided a possible explanation to the animal succumbing to disease. Interestingly, more females had lesions (and a greater number of lesions) and lower viral burden (viremia and oral shedding) than males in our studies, suggesting a possible gender effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric M. Mucker
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Virology Division, Fort Detrick Maryland, United States of America
| | - Suzanne E. Wollen-Roberts
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Virology Division, Fort Detrick Maryland, United States of America
| | - Adrienne Kimmel
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Virology Division, Fort Detrick Maryland, United States of America
| | - Josh Shamblin
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Virology Division, Fort Detrick Maryland, United States of America
| | - Darryl Sampey
- BioFactura, Inc, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jay W. Hooper
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Virology Division, Fort Detrick Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Miller LJ, Nasar F, Schellhase CW, Norris SL, Kimmel AE, Valdez SM, Wollen-Roberts SE, Shamblin JD, Sprague TR, Lugo-Roman LA, Jarman RG, Yoon IK, Alera MT, Bavari S, Pitt MLM, Haddow AD. Zika Virus Infection in Syrian Golden Hamsters and Strain 13 Guinea Pigs. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 98:864-867. [PMID: 29405107 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate potential immunocompetent small animal models of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection, we inoculated Syrian golden hamsters (subcutaneously or intraperitoneally) and strain 13 guinea pigs (intraperitoneally) with Senegalese ZIKV strain ArD 41525 or Philippines ZIKV strain CPC-0740. We did not detect viremia in hamsters inoculated subcutaneously with either virus strain, although some hamsters developed virus neutralizing antibodies. However, we detected statistically significant higher viremias (P = 0.0285) and a higher median neutralization titer (P = 0.0163) in hamsters inoculated intraperitoneally with strain ArD 41525 compared with strain CPC-0740. Furthermore, some hamsters inoculated with strain ArD 41525 displayed mild signs of disease. By contrast, strain 13 guinea pigs inoculated intraperitoneally with either strain did not have detectable viremias and less than half developed virus neutralizing antibodies. Our results support the use of the Syrian golden hamster intraperitoneal model to explore phenotypic variation between ZIKV strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn J Miller
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Veterinary Medicine Division, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Farooq Nasar
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Virology Division, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Christopher W Schellhase
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Pathology Division, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Sarah L Norris
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Biostatistics Division, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Adrienne E Kimmel
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Virology Division, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Stephanie M Valdez
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Virology Division, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Suzanne E Wollen-Roberts
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Virology Division, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Joshua D Shamblin
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Virology Division, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Thomas R Sprague
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Virology Division, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Luis A Lugo-Roman
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Veterinary Medicine Division, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Richard G Jarman
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Virology Division, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - In-Kyu Yoon
- International Vaccine Institute (IVI), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Maria T Alera
- Philippines-AFRIMS Virology Research Unit (PARVU), Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Sina Bavari
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Virology Division, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - M Louise M Pitt
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Virology Division, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Andrew D Haddow
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Virology Division, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Haddow AD, Nalca A, Rossi FD, Miller LJ, Wiley MR, Perez-Sautu U, Washington SC, Norris SL, Wollen-Roberts SE, Shamblin JD, Kimmel AE, Bloomfield HA, Valdez SM, Sprague TR, Principe LM, Bellanca SA, Cinkovich SS, Lugo-Roman L, Cazares LH, Pratt WD, Palacios GF, Bavari S, Pitt ML, Nasar F. High Infection Rates for Adult Macaques after Intravaginal or Intrarectal Inoculation with Zika Virus. Emerg Infect Dis 2017; 23:1274-1281. [PMID: 28548637 PMCID: PMC5547779 DOI: 10.3201/eid2308.170036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Unprotected sexual intercourse between persons residing in or traveling from regions with Zika virus transmission is a risk factor for infection. To model risk for infection after sexual intercourse, we inoculated rhesus and cynomolgus macaques with Zika virus by intravaginal or intrarectal routes. In macaques inoculated intravaginally, we detected viremia and virus RNA in 50% of macaques, followed by seroconversion. In macaques inoculated intrarectally, we detected viremia, virus RNA, or both, in 100% of both species, followed by seroconversion. The magnitude and duration of infectious virus in the blood of macaques suggest humans infected with Zika virus through sexual transmission will likely generate viremias sufficient to infect competent mosquito vectors. Our results indicate that transmission of Zika virus by sexual intercourse might serve as a virus maintenance mechanism in the absence of mosquito-to-human transmission and could increase the probability of establishment and spread of Zika virus in regions where this virus is not present.
Collapse
|
6
|
Haddow AD, Nasar F, Schellhase CW, Moon RD, Padilla SL, Zeng X, Wollen-Roberts SE, Shamblin JD, Grimes EC, Zelko JM, Linthicum KJ, Bavari S, Pitt ML, Trefry JC. Low potential for mechanical transmission of Ebola virus via house flies (Musca domestica). Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:218. [PMID: 28468673 PMCID: PMC5415731 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ebola virus (EBOV) infection results in high morbidity and mortality and is primarily transmitted in communities by contact with infectious bodily fluids. While clinical and experimental evidence indicates that EBOV is transmitted via mucosal exposure, the ability of non-biting muscid flies to mechanically transmit EBOV following exposure to the face had not been assessed. RESULTS To investigate this transmission route, house flies (Musca domestica Linnaeus) were used to deliver an EBOV/blood mixture to the ocular/nasal/oral facial mucosa of four cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis Raffles). Following exposure, macaques were monitored for evidence of infection through the conclusion of the study, days 57 and 58. We found no evidence of systemic infection in any of the exposed macaques. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that there is a low potential for the mechanical transmission of EBOV via house flies - the conditions in this study were not sufficient to initiate infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Haddow
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Farooq Nasar
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Christopher W Schellhase
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Roger D Moon
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 219 Hodson Hall, 1980 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Susana L Padilla
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Xiankun Zeng
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Suzanne E Wollen-Roberts
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Joshua D Shamblin
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Grimes
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Justine M Zelko
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Kenneth J Linthicum
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural, & Veterinary Entomology, 1600 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Sina Bavari
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - M Louise Pitt
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - John C Trefry
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| |
Collapse
|