1
|
Thompson C, McDonald J, Kidd T, Falkmer T, Bölte S, Girdler S. "I don't want to be a patient": Peer mentoring partnership fosters communication for autistic university students. Scand J Occup Ther 2020; 27:625-640. [PMID: 32180486 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2020.1738545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Despite recognition of the benefits of post-school education in improving life outcomes for autistic adults their university completion rates remain low.Aim: To explore the experiences of undergraduate autistic university students participating in specialist peer mentoring (SPM) to identify active ingredients in the peer mentoring process and to examine the impact of SPM on social communication.Material and method: A total of 30 (8 female; M age = 22.3; SD = 6.7) undergraduate autistic university students engaged in SPM participated in this study. A quantitative pre-test post-test design examined changes in autistic traits. In parallel, the experiences of participating in SPM were explored through semi-structured interviews.Results: Improvements were noted at post-test on the Social Responsiveness Scale-2 total score p = 0.02), and its Social Communication, (p = 0.03) and Social Motivation (p = 0.03) sub-scales. Four themes emerged from the interviews: Developing Partnership and Understanding, Modelling and Practising Communication, Psychological Support and Grading and Planning Skills.Conclusions: These results indicated that the mentor-mentee partnership was a crucial active ingredient of SPM. This partnership appeared to modify social cognition and motivation for autistic university students through modelling and practising communication.Significance: These results demonstrate that SPM can support participation at university for autistic university students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Thompson
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Perth, Australia.,School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - J McDonald
- Counselling and Disability Services, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - T Kidd
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - T Falkmer
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Perth, Australia.,School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - S Bölte
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Perth, Australia.,School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Girdler
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Perth, Australia.,School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sherrard L, Duplancic C, Wee B, Ramsay K, Webster S, Kidd T, Whiley D, Beatson S, Bell S. P040 Carbapenem-resistant shared Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains with oprD mutations in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(18)30337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
3
|
El Zein A, Shelnutt K, Colby S, Olfert M, Kattelmann K, Brown O, Kidd T, Horacek T, White A, Zhou W, Vilaro M, Greene G, Morrell J, Riggsbee K, Mathews A. Socio-demographic Correlates and Predictors of Food Insecurity among First Year College Students. J Acad Nutr Diet 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.08.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
4
|
Horacek TM, Dede Yildirim E, Kattelmann K, Brown O, Byrd-Bredbenner C, Colby S, Greene G, Hoerr S, Kidd T, Koenings MM, Morrell J, Olfert MD, Phillips B, Shelnutt K, White A. Path Analysis of Campus Walkability/Bikeability and College Students' Physical Activity Attitudes, Behaviors, and Body Mass Index. Am J Health Promot 2016; 32:578-586. [PMID: 27630109 DOI: 10.1177/0890117116666357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between the walkability/bikeability of college campuses and students' body mass index (BMI) with student physical activity (PA) attitudes and behaviors as potential mediators. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Thirteen university campuses. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1384 student participants. MEASURES Walkability/bikeability environmental score (ES): 12-item audit assessed an average of 44 path segments per campus. Students were measured for height and weight and completed online surveys. Physical activity stage of change/behavior intentions were assessed using the transtheoretical model. The Cognitive Behavioral Physical Activity Questionnaire assessed outcome expectations, self-regulation, and personal barriers. International Physical Activity Questionnaire assessed walking-, moderate-, and vigorous-intensity PA. ANALYSIS Descriptive statistics, zero-order correlations, and path analysis with maximum likelihood estimation. RESULTS The overall model fit was good with χ2 of 171.388 ( df = 18), P < .001, comparative fit index value of .95, and a root mean square of approximation of .079. After controlling for gender, there was a direct negative association between walkability/bikeability ES and BMI (β = -.085) and positive association between personal barriers and BMI (β = .134). Walkability/bikeability ES was positively associated with walking-intensity PA (β = .010). Self-regulation was positively associated with moderate-intensity PA (β = .213), which, in turn, was negatively associated with BMI (β = -.057). CONCLUSIONS The ease of walking and biking on a campus was related to college students' walking behavior and their BMI. Students' PA behavioral intentions were associated with moderate PA and lower BMI. These results provide evidence to focus on policies and structural supports for walkable/bikeable environments to supplement and enhance interventions encouraging individual behavior change for PA and weight management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya M Horacek
- 1 Department of Public Health, Food Studies and Nutrition, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - E Dede Yildirim
- 2 Department of Child and Family Studies, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- 3 Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - K Kattelmann
- 4 Health and Nutritional Sciences Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - O Brown
- 5 Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, Lafayette, IN, USA
- 6 Extension Nutrition and Food Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - C Byrd-Bredbenner
- 7 Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - S Colby
- 8 Department of Nutrition Science, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
- 9 Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - G Greene
- 10 Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - S Hoerr
- 11 Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - T Kidd
- 12 Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - M M Koenings
- 7 Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- 13 Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J Morrell
- 14 Department of Molecular, Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - M D Olfert
- 15 Division of Animal & Nutritional Sciences, School of Agriculture, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - B Phillips
- 16 Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA (retired)
| | - K Shelnutt
- 17 Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - A White
- 18 School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vilaro M, Riggsbee K, Zhou W, Colby S, Byrd-Bredbenner C, Olfert M, Barnett T, Kidd T, Mathews A. Development and Testing of the Food Choice Priorities Survey for College Students. J Acad Nutr Diet 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.06.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
6
|
Loso J, Staub D, Colby S, Zhou W, Olfert M, Kattelmann K, Vilaro M, Brown O, Kidd T, Horacek T, White A, Franzen-Castle L, Mathews A. Childhood and Current Gardening Is Associated with Increased Fruit and Vegetable Intake among College-Aged Students Participating in the Get Fruved Study. J Acad Nutr Diet 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
7
|
Horacek T, Yildirim E, Olfert M, Morrell J, Kidd T, Shelnutt K, Greene G, Riggsbee K, Brown O, Byrd-Bredbenner C, Franzen-Castle L, Faulk M. Convenience Store SHELF (Supportive Healthy Environment for Life-promoting Food) Audit Differences between College Campuses. J Acad Nutr Diet 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.06.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
8
|
El Zein A, Mathews A, Colby S, Byrd-Bredbenner C, Riggsbee K, Zhou W, Olfert M, Barnett T, Hansen A, Brown O, Kidd T, Horacek T, Violette G, Vilaro M. Food Choice Priorities of College Freshmen and Variation by Demographic Characteristics: Get Fruved Study. J Acad Nutr Diet 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
9
|
Horacek T, Yildirim E, Shelnutt K, Olfert M, Morrell J, Kidd T, Kattelmann K, Burke M, Colby S, Byrd-Bredbenner C, Brown O, Franzen-Castle L, Greene G. Assessing the Healthfulness of Campus Dining Environments Using “Full Restaurant Evaluation Supporting a Healthy (FRESH) Dining Environment” Tool. J Acad Nutr Diet 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.06.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
10
|
Forman A, Green G, Kidd T, Colby S, Shelnutt K, Phillips B, Ruppert M, Sparks A. Differences in Health-Related Behavior of Normal Weight and Overweight/Obese College Females Trying to Lose Weight. J Acad Nutr Diet 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2014.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
11
|
Hofmann E, Webster J, Kidd T, Kline R, Jayasinghe M, Paula S. Coumarins with Xanthine Oxidase Inhibiting and Radical Scavenging Properties: Tools to Combat Oxidative Stress in Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.7763/ijbbb.2014.v4.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
|
12
|
Quick V, Byrd-Bredbenner C, Brown O, Colby S, Horacek T, Shoff S, White A, Lohse B, Greene G, Kidd T. Relationships among Sleep Duration, Weight-Related Behaviors, and BMI in College Students. J Acad Nutr Diet 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2013.06.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
13
|
Kidd T, Tegg E. P-089 NEUT-X – A useful predictor for film review in undiagnosed myelodysplastic syndrome. Leuk Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(13)70138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
14
|
Walsh J, White A, Byrd-Bredbenner C, Colby S, Esters O, Greene G, Hoerr S, Horacek T, Kattelmann K, Kidd T, Nitzke S, Phillips B. Use of a Multi-Phase Community Assessment Model to Identify Behavioral and Environmental Influences of Obesity for Young Adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2010.06.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
15
|
Farmer W, Altick A, Dugan J, Kidd T, Charron F, Mastick G. [P2.52]: Pioneer longitudinal axons navigate using floor plate and Slit/Robo signals. Int J Dev Neurosci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2008.09.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - F. Charron
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM)Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang SC, Yang HB, Sekharan AKP, Ding H, Engelbrecht JR, Dai X, Wang Z, Kaminski A, Valla T, Kidd T, Fedorov AV, Johnson PD. Quasiparticle line shape of Sr2RuO4 and its relation to anisotropic transport. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 92:137002. [PMID: 15089639 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.137002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The bulk-representative low-energy spectrum of Sr2RuO4 can be directly measured by angle-resolved photoemission. We find that the quasiparticle spectral line shape of Sr2RuO4 is sensitive to both temperature and momentum. Along the (0,0)-(pi,0) direction, both gamma and beta bands develop a sharp quasiparticle peak near k(F) at low temperatures, but as the temperature increases the spectra quickly lose coherent weight and become broad backgrounds above approximately 130 K, which is the metal-nonmetal crossover temperature, T(M), in the c-axis resistivity. However, spectra along the (0,0)-(pi,pi) direction evolve smoothly across T(M). A simple transport model can describe both in-plane and c-axis resistivity in terms of the quasiparticle line shape. Comparisons are also made to the cuprates, with implications for two dimensionality, magnetic fluctuations, and superconductivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S-C Wang
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Webster R, Allan G, Anto-Awuakye K, Harrison A, Kidd T, Leishman D, Phipps J, Walker D. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic assessment of the effects of E4031, cisapride, terfenadine and terodiline on monophasic action potential duration in dog. Xenobiotica 2001; 31:633-50. [PMID: 11569530 DOI: 10.1080/00498250110054632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
1. Torsades de pointes (TDP) is a potentially fatal ventricular tachycardia associated with increases in QT interval and monophasic action potential duration (MAPD). TDP is a side-effect that has led to withdrawal of several drugs from the market (e.g. terfenadine and terodiline). 2. The potential of compounds to cause TDP was evaluated by monitoring their effects on MAPD in dog. Four compounds known to increase QT interval and cause TDP were investigated: terfenadine, terodiline, cisapride and E4031. On the basis that only free drug in the systemic circulation will elicit a pharmacological response target, free concentrations in plasma were selected to mimic the free drug exposures in man. Infusion regimens were designed that rapidly achieved and maintained target-free concentrations of these drugs in plasma and data on the relationship between free concentration and changes in MAPD were obtained for these compounds. 3. These data indicate that the free ED50 in plasma for terfenadine (1.9 nM), terodiline (76 nM), cisapride (11 nM) and E4031 (1.9 nM) closely correlate with the free concentration in man causing QT effects. For compounds that have shown TDP in the clinic (terfenadine, terodiline, cisapride) there is little differentiation between the dog ED50 and the efficacious free plasma concentrations in man (< 10-fold) reflecting their limited safety margins. These data underline the need to maximize the therapeutic ratio with respect to TDP in potential development candidates and the importance of using free drug concentrations in pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Webster
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Slit is secreted by cells at the midline of the central nervous system, where it binds to Roundabout (Robo) receptors and functions as a potent repellent. We found that migrating mesodermal cells in vivo respond to Slit as both an attractant and a repellent and that Robo receptors are required for both functions. Mesoderm cells expressing Robo receptors initially migrate away from Slit at the midline. A few hours after migration, these same cells change their behavior and require Robo to extend toward Slit-expressing muscle attachment sites. Thus, Slit functions as a chemoattractant to provide specificity for muscle patterning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S G Kramer
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, 519 Life Sciences Addition, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Simpson JH, Kidd T, Bland KS, Goodman CS. Short-range and long-range guidance by slit and its Robo receptors. Robo and Robo2 play distinct roles in midline guidance. Neuron 2000; 28:753-66. [PMID: 11163264 DOI: 10.1016/s0896-6273(00)00151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that Roundabout (Robo) in Drosophila is a repulsive axon guidance receptor that binds to Slit, a repellent secreted by midline glia. In robo mutants, growth cones cross and recross the midline, while, in slit mutants, growth cones enter the midline but fail to leave it. This difference suggests that Slit must have more than one receptor controlling midline guidance. In the absence of Robo, some other Slit receptor ensures that growth cones do not stay at the midline, even though they cross and recross it. Here we show that the Drosophila genome encodes three Robo receptors and that Robo and Robo2 have distinct functions, which together control repulsive axon guidance at the midline. The robo,robo2 double mutant is largely identical to slit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H Simpson
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Erskine L, Williams SE, Brose K, Kidd T, Rachel RA, Goodman CS, Tessier-Lavigne M, Mason CA. Retinal ganglion cell axon guidance in the mouse optic chiasm: expression and function of robos and slits. J Neurosci 2000; 20:4975-82. [PMID: 10864955 PMCID: PMC6772295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/1999] [Revised: 03/08/2000] [Accepted: 03/17/2000] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The ventral midline of the nervous system is an important choice point at which growing axons decide whether to cross and project contralaterally or remain on the same side of the brain. In Drosophila, the decision to cross or avoid the CNS midline is controlled, at least in part, by the Roundabout (Robo) receptor on the axons and its ligand, Slit, an inhibitory extracellular matrix molecule secreted by the midline glia. Vertebrate homologs of these molecules have been cloned and have also been implicated in regulating axon guidance. Using in situ hybridization, we have determined the expression patterns of robo1,2 and slit1,2,3 in the mouse retina and in the region of the developing optic chiasm, a ventral midline structure in which retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons diverge to either side of the brain. The receptors and ligands are expressed at the appropriate time and place, in both the retina and the ventral diencephalon, to be able to influence RGC axon guidance. In vitro, slit2 is inhibitory to RGC axons, with outgrowth of both ipsilaterally and contralaterally projecting axons being strongly affected. Overall, these results indicate that Robos and Slits alone do not directly control RGC axon divergence at the optic chiasm and may additionally function as a general inhibitory guidance system involved in determining the relative position of the optic chiasm at the ventral midline of the developing hypothalamus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Erskine
- Department of Pathology, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ringstedt T, Braisted JE, Brose K, Kidd T, Goodman C, Tessier-Lavigne M, O'Leary DD. Slit inhibition of retinal axon growth and its role in retinal axon pathfinding and innervation patterns in the diencephalon. J Neurosci 2000; 20:4983-91. [PMID: 10864956 PMCID: PMC6772277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We have analyzed the role of the Slit family of repellent axon guidance molecules in the patterning of the axonal projections of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) within the embryonic rat diencephalon and whether the slits can account for a repellent activity for retinal axons released by hypothalamus and epithalamus. At the time RGC axons extend over the diencephalon, slit1 and slit2 are expressed in hypothalamus and epithalamus but not in the lateral part of dorsal thalamus, a retinal target. slit3 expression is low or undetectable. The Slit receptors robo2, and to a limited extent robo1, are expressed in the RGC layer, as are slit1 and slit2. In collagen gels, axon outgrowth from rat retinal explants is biased away from slit2-transfected 293T cells, and the number and length of axons are decreased on the explant side facing the cells. In addition, in the presence of Slit2, overall axon outgrowth is decreased, and bundles of retinal axons are more tightly fasciculated. This action of Slit2 as a growth inhibitor of retinal axons and the expression patterns of slit1 and slit2 correlate with the fasciculation and innervation patterns of RGC axons within the diencephalon and implicate the Slits as components of the axon repellent activity associated with the hypothalamus and epithalamus. Our findings suggest that in vivo the Slits control RGC axon pathfinding and targeting within the diencephalon by regulating their fasciculation, preventing them or their branches from invading nontarget tissues, and steering them toward their most distal target, the superior colliculus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Ringstedt
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Drosophila Roundabout (Robo) is the founding member of a conserved family of repulsive axon guidance receptors that respond to secreted Slit proteins. Little is known about the signaling mechanisms which function downstream of Robo to mediate repulsion. Here, we present genetic and biochemical evidence that the Abelson (Abl) tyrosine kinase and its substrate Enabled (Ena) play direct and opposing roles in Robo signal transduction. Genetic interactions support a model in which Abl functions to antagonize Robo signaling, while Ena is required in part for Robo's repulsive output. Both Abl and Ena can directly bind to Robo's cytoplasmic domain. A mutant form of Robo that interferes with Ena binding is partially impaired in Robo function, while a mutation in a conserved cytoplasmic tyrosine that can be phosphorylated by Abl generates a hyperactive Robo receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G J Bashaw
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
A novel Drosophila melanogaster gene UBL3 was characterized and shown to be highly conserved in man and Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). The human and mouse homologues were cloned and sequenced. UBL3 is a ubiquitin-like protein of unknown function with no conserved homologues in yeast. Mapping of the human and mouse UBL3 genes places them within a region of shared gene order between human and mouse chromosomes on human chromosome 13q12-13 and telomeric mouse chromosome 5 (MMU5).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B P Chadwick
- Molecular Analysis of Mammalian Mutation, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London WC2A 3PX, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang KH, Brose K, Arnott D, Kidd T, Goodman CS, Henzel W, Tessier-Lavigne M. Biochemical purification of a mammalian slit protein as a positive regulator of sensory axon elongation and branching. Cell 1999; 96:771-84. [PMID: 10102266 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80588-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Many neurons in both vertebrates and invertebrates innervate multiple targets by sprouting secondary axon collaterals (or branches) from a primary axon shaft. To begin to identify molecular regulators of axon branch initiation or extension, we studied the growth of single sensory axons in an in vitro collagen assay system and identified an activity in extracts of embryonic spinal cord and of postnatal and adult brain that promotes the elongation and formation of extensive branches by these axons. Biochemical purification of the activity from calf brain extracts led to the identification of an amino-terminal fragment of Slit2 as the main active component and to the discovery of a distinct activity that potentiates its effects. These results indicate that Slit proteins may function as positive regulators of axon collateral formation during the establishment or remodeling of neural circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K H Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0452, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Previous studies suggested that Roundabout (Robo) is a repulsive guidance receptor on growth cones that binds to an unknown midline ligand. Here we present genetic evidence that Slit is the midline Robo ligand; a companion paper presents biochemical evidence that Slit binds Robo. Slit is a large extracellular matrix protein expressed by midline glia. In slit mutants, growth cones enter the midline but never leave it; they abnormally continue to express high levels of Robo while at the midline. slit and robo display dosage-sensitive genetic interactions, indicating that they function in the same pathway. slit is also required for migration of muscle precursors away from the midline. Slit appears to function as a short-range repellent controlling axon crossing of the midline and as a long-range chemorepellent controlling mesoderm migration away from the midline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Kidd
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Brose K, Bland KS, Wang KH, Arnott D, Henzel W, Goodman CS, Tessier-Lavigne M, Kidd T. Slit proteins bind Robo receptors and have an evolutionarily conserved role in repulsive axon guidance. Cell 1999; 96:795-806. [PMID: 10102268 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 903] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Extending axons in the developing nervous system are guided in part by repulsive cues. Genetic analysis in Drosophila, reported in a companion to this paper, identifies the Slit protein as a candidate ligand for the repulsive guidance receptor Roundabout (Robo). Here we describe the characterization of three mammalian Slit homologs and show that the Drosophila Slit protein and at least one of the mammalian Slit proteins, Slit2, are proteolytically processed and show specific, high-affinity binding to Robo proteins. Furthermore, recombinant Slit2 can repel embryonic spinal motor axons in cell culture. These results support the hypothesis that Slit proteins have an evolutionarily conserved role in axon guidance as repulsive ligands for Robo receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Brose
- Department of Anatomy, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0452, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nguyen Ba-Charvet KT, Brose K, Marillat V, Kidd T, Goodman CS, Tessier-Lavigne M, Sotelo C, Chédotal A. Slit2-Mediated chemorepulsion and collapse of developing forebrain axons. Neuron 1999; 22:463-73. [PMID: 10197527 DOI: 10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80702-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Diffusible chemorepellents play a major role in guiding developing axons toward their correct targets by preventing them from entering or steering them away from certain regions. Genetic studies in Drosophila revealed a novel repulsive guidance system that prevents inappropriate axons from crossing the CNS midline; this repulsive system is mediated by the Roundabout (Robo) receptor and its secreted ligand Slit. In rodents, Robo and Slit are expressed in the spinal cord and Slit can repel spinal motor axons in vitro. Here, we extend these findings into higher brain centers by showing that Robo1 and Robo2, as well as Slit1 and Slit2, are often expressed in complementary patterns in the developing forebrain. Furthermore, we show that human Slit2 can repel olfactory and hippocampal axons and collapse their growth cones.
Collapse
|
28
|
Kidd T, Brose K, Mitchell KJ, Fetter RD, Tessier-Lavigne M, Goodman CS, Tear G. Roundabout controls axon crossing of the CNS midline and defines a novel subfamily of evolutionarily conserved guidance receptors. Cell 1998; 92:205-15. [PMID: 9458045 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80915-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 691] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The robo gene in Drosophila was identified in a large-scale mutant screen for genes that control the decision by axons to cross the CNS midline. In robo mutants, too many axons cross and recross the midline. Here we show that robo encodes an axon guidance receptor that defines a novel subfamily of immunoglobulin superfamily proteins that is highly conserved from fruit flies to mammals. For those axons that never cross the midline, Robo is expressed on their growth cones from the outset; for the majority of axons that do cross the midline, Robo is expressed at high levels on their growth cones only after they cross the midline. Transgenic rescue experiments reveal that Robo can function in a cell-autonomous fashion. Robo appears to function as the gatekeeper controlling midline crossing.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Axons/physiology
- Central Nervous System/embryology
- Chromosome Walking
- Cloning, Molecular
- Conserved Sequence/genetics
- Drosophila/embryology
- Drosophila/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Genes, Insect/genetics
- Immunoglobulins/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nerve Tissue Proteins
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Rats
- Receptors, Immunologic/analysis
- Receptors, Immunologic/chemistry
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Roundabout Proteins
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Kidd
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
commissureless and roundabout lead to complementary mutant phenotypes in which either too few or too many axons cross the midline. The robo;comm double-mutant phenotype is identical to robo alone, suggesting that in the absence of robo, comm is no longer required. Comm is expressed on midline cells; Robo is expressed in a dynamic fashion on growth cones and appears to function as an axon guidance receptor. robo function is dosage-sensitive. Overexpression of comm is also dosage-sensitive and leads to a phenotype identical to robo loss-of-function. Comm controls Robo expression; increasing Comm leads to a reduction of Robo protein. The levels of Comm and Robo appear to be tightly regulated to assure that only certain growth cones cross the midline and that those growth cones that do cross never do so again.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Kidd
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kidd T, Yoshida K. Critical review of disability measures: conceptual developments. Physiother Can 1996; 47:108-19. [PMID: 10142882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of outcome measures of disability is an important focus in physical therapy research. This paper reviews the content of functional status/disability measures developed between 1950 to 1989 to ascertain trends in disability measurement. Content analysis reveals that measures have followed three predominant patterns: a self care to a functional focus, a physical to a psychosocial focus, and a clinician to a client focus. These patterns related issues are discussed. The development of physical therapy measures requires the consideration of various perspectives, including the consumer perspective. Physical therapy measures must reflect a perspective which integrates physical capacity, physical function and environmental concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Kidd
- Royal Ottawa Rehabilitation Centre, Ontario
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Paroush Z, Finley RL, Kidd T, Wainwright SM, Ingham PW, Brent R, Ish-Horowicz D. Groucho is required for Drosophila neurogenesis, segmentation, and sex determination and interacts directly with hairy-related bHLH proteins. Cell 1994; 79:805-15. [PMID: 8001118 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90070-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 482] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We have used the interaction trap, a yeast two-hybrid system, to identify proteins interacting with hairy, a basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein that represses transcription during Drosophila embryonic segmentation. We find that the groucho (gro) protein binds specifically to hairy and also to hairy-related bHLH proteins encoded by deadpan and the Enhancer of split complex. The C-terminal WRPW motif present in all these bHLH proteins is essential for this interaction. We demonstrate that these associations reflect in vivo maternal requirements for gro during neurogenesis, segmentation, and sex determination, three processes regulated by the above bHLH proteins, and we propose that gro is a transcriptional corepressor recruited to specific target promoters by hairy-related bHLH proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Paroush
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, University of Oxford, England
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Previous work of others reported an untranslated stretch of 12 nucleotides in the 5' coding sequence of carA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, N-terminal protein sequencing of carA-lacZ translational fusions shows that these 12 nucleotides are normally translated in a continuous triplet manner, both in P. aeruginosa and in Escherichia coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T M Tuohy
- Department of Human Genetics, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112-1107
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tauxe WN, Dubovsky EV, Kidd T, Smith LR, Lewis R, Rivera R. Prediction of urinary excretion of 131I-orthoiodohippurate. Eur J Nucl Med 1982; 7:102-3. [PMID: 7040081 DOI: 10.1007/bf00256395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A new formula is presented for the prediction of urinary excretion at approximately 35 min after injection of 131I-orthoiodohippurate, derived from a large series of normal kidney donors, before and after unilateral nephrectomy, and a few patients with diseases in which there was no evidence of urinary tract obstruction. The best formula was: Expected percent dose excretion at 35 min = 79.3[1-e--(0.004798 X ERPF)] with a standard error of estimate (Sy.x) of 5.2% dose. This value has been particularly useful in clinical practice in the calculation of an excretion index (actual/expected percent dose excretion) which separates various post-transplantation entities and various nephrourologic processes.
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Estimation of effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) can be made easily, inexpensively, and accurately by means of a single plasma concentration determination, sampled 44 min after injection of 131I-orthoiodohippurate (OIH). We originally established predictive regression equations based on a series of patients with a wide variety of diseases and a few normal potential kidney donors. The equation best fitting that data was parabolic in form and assumed a negative slope when high ERPF rates were encountered. This problem has been corrected by deriving new equations (parabolic and exponential) based on an expanded series which includes a large number of subjects with high ERPF. Errors of estimation are lower than those of the more classic para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) clearances and well within the exigencies of clinical practice.
Collapse
|