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Carpi D, Liska R, Malinowska JM, Palosaari T, Bouhifd M, Whelan M. Investigating the dependency of in vitro benchmark concentrations on exposure time in transcriptomics experiments. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 95:105761. [PMID: 38081393 PMCID: PMC10879918 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest to employ in vitro transcriptomics experiments in toxicological testing, for example to determine a point-of-departure (PoD) for chemical safety assessment. However current practices to derive PoD tend to utilise a single exposure time despite the importance of exposure time on the manifestation of toxicity caused by a chemical. Therefore it is important to investigate both concentration and exposure time to determine how these factors affect biological responses, and as a consequence, the derivation of PoDs. In this study, metabolically competent HepaRG cells were exposed to five known toxicants over a range of concentrations and time points for subsequent gene expression analysis, using a targeted RNA expression assay (TempO-Seq). A non-parametric factor-modelling approach was used to model the collective response of all significant genes, which exploited the interdependence of differentially expressed gene responses. This in turn allowed the determination of an isobenchmark response (isoBMR) curve for each chemical in a reproducible manner. For 2 of the 5 chemicals tested, the PoD was observed to vary by 0.5-1 log-order within the 48-h timeframe of the experiment. The approach and findings presented here clearly demonstrate the need to take both concentration and exposure time into account when designing in vitro toxicogenomics experiments to determine PoD. Doing so also provides a means to use concentration-time-response modelling as a basis to extrapolate a PoD from shorter to longer exposure durations, and to identify chemicals of concern that can cause cumulative effects over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Carpi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Roman Liska
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Taina Palosaari
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Mounir Bouhifd
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Maurice Whelan
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy.
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2
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Malinowska JM, Palosaari T, Sund J, Carpi D, Bouhifd M, Weber RJM, Whelan M, Viant MR. Integrating in vitro metabolomics with a 96-well high-throughput screening platform. Metabolomics 2022; 18:11. [PMID: 35000038 PMCID: PMC8743266 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01867-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-throughput screening (HTS) is emerging as an approach to support decision-making in chemical safety assessments. In parallel, in vitro metabolomics is a promising approach that can help accelerate the transition from animal models to high-throughput cell-based models in toxicity testing. OBJECTIVE In this study we establish and evaluate a high-throughput metabolomics workflow that is compatible with a 96-well HTS platform employing 50,000 hepatocytes of HepaRG per well. METHODS Low biomass cell samples were extracted for metabolomics analyses using a newly established semi-automated protocol, and the intracellular metabolites were analysed using a high-resolution spectral-stitching nanoelectrospray direct infusion mass spectrometry (nESI-DIMS) method that was modified for low sample biomass. RESULTS The method was assessed with respect to sensitivity and repeatability of the entire workflow from cell culturing and sampling to measurement of the metabolic phenotype, demonstrating sufficient sensitivity (> 3000 features in hepatocyte extracts) and intra- and inter-plate repeatability for polar nESI-DIMS assays (median relative standard deviation < 30%). The assays were employed for a proof-of-principle toxicological study with a model toxicant, cadmium chloride, revealing changes in the metabolome across five sampling times in the 48-h exposure period. To allow the option for lipidomics analyses, the solvent system was extended by establishing separate extraction methods for polar metabolites and lipids. CONCLUSIONS Experimental, analytical and informatics workflows reported here met pre-defined criteria in terms of sensitivity, repeatability and ability to detect metabolome changes induced by a toxicant and are ready for application in metabolomics-driven toxicity testing to complement HTS assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Malinowska
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Taina Palosaari
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - Jukka Sund
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - Donatella Carpi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - Mounir Bouhifd
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027, Ispra, Italy
- European Chemicals Agency, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ralf J M Weber
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Maurice Whelan
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - Mark R Viant
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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Malinowska JM, Palosaari T, Sund J, Carpi D, Lloyd GR, Weber RJM, Whelan M, Viant MR. Automated Sample Preparation and Data Collection Workflow for High-Throughput In Vitro Metabolomics. Metabolites 2022; 12:52. [PMID: 35050173 PMCID: PMC8778710 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory bodies have started to recognise the value of in vitro screening and metabolomics as two types of new approach methodologies (NAMs) for chemical risk assessments, yet few high-throughput in vitro toxicometabolomics studies have been reported. A significant challenge is to implement automated sample preparation of the low biomass samples typically used for in vitro screening. Building on previous work, we have developed, characterised and demonstrated an automated sample preparation and analysis workflow for in vitro metabolomics of HepaRG cells in 96-well microplates using a Biomek i7 Hybrid Workstation (Beckman Coulter) and Orbitrap Elite (Thermo Scientific) high-resolution nanoelectrospray direct infusion mass spectrometry (nESI-DIMS), across polar metabolites and lipids. The experimental conditions evaluated included the day of metabolite extraction, order of extraction of samples in 96-well microplates, position of the 96-well microplate on the instrument's deck and well location within a microplate. By using the median relative standard deviation (mRSD (%)) of spectral features, we have demonstrated good repeatability of the workflow (final mRSD < 30%) with a low percentage of features outside the threshold applied for statistical analysis. To improve the quality of the automated workflow further, small method modifications were made and then applied to a large cohort study (4860 sample infusions across three nESI-DIMS assays), which confirmed very high repeatability of the whole workflow from cell culturing to metabolite measurements, whilst providing a significant improvement in sample throughput. It is envisioned that the automated in vitro metabolomics workflow will help to advance the application of metabolomics (as a part of NAMs) in chemical safety, primarily as an approach for high throughput screening and prioritisation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taina Palosaari
- Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission, 21027 Ispra, Italy; (T.P.); (J.S.); (D.C.); (M.W.)
| | - Jukka Sund
- Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission, 21027 Ispra, Italy; (T.P.); (J.S.); (D.C.); (M.W.)
| | - Donatella Carpi
- Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission, 21027 Ispra, Italy; (T.P.); (J.S.); (D.C.); (M.W.)
| | - Gavin R. Lloyd
- Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Ralf J. M. Weber
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
- Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Maurice Whelan
- Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission, 21027 Ispra, Italy; (T.P.); (J.S.); (D.C.); (M.W.)
| | - Mark R. Viant
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
- Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
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4
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Rehm M, Rothenbacher D, Iacoviello L, Costanzo S, Tunstall-Pedoe H, Fitton C, Soederberg S, Hultdin J, Salomaa V, Palosaari T, Waldeyer C, Schnabel R, Zeller T, Blankenberg S, Koenig W. Chronic kidney disease and risk of atrial fibrillation and heart failure in general population-based cohorts – the BiomarCaRE project. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a complicated relationship with the heart, leading to many adverse outcomes.
Purpose
The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between CKD and the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) along with mortality as a competing risk in general population cohorts.
Methods
This study was conducted as part of the BiomarCaRE project using harmonised data from 12 population-based cohorts (n=40,212) from Europe. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine hazard ratios (HRs) for the incidence of AF and HF in CKD and with competing mortality risk after adjusting for covariates.
Results
Mean age at baseline was 51.1 (standard deviation 11.9) years, and 49.3% were men. Overall, 3.5% had CKD at baseline. The rate for incident AF was 3.9 per 1000 person-years during follow-up. The HR for AF for those with CKD compared with those without was 1.23 (95% CI 1.00–1.52, p=0.0465) after adjustment for covariates. The rate for incident HF was 3.9 per 1000 person-years and the associated risk in the presence of CKD was HR 1.67 (95% CI 1.39–2.01). In subjects with CKD, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) showed an association with AF, while NT-proBNP and C-reactive protein (CRP) showed an association with HF.
Conclusion
CKD is an independent risk factor for subsequent AF and even more so for HF. In patients with CKD, NT-proBNP was clearly associated with subsequent risk of AF. In addition to this marker, hs-CRP was also associated with risk of subsequent HF.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): 7th framework programme collaborative project, grant agreement no. HEALTH-F2-2011_278913. Atrial Fibrillation and HF in CKD
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rehm
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - D Rothenbacher
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - L Iacoviello
- IRCCS Neuromed, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Pozilli, Italy
| | - S Costanzo
- IRCCS Neuromed, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Pozilli, Italy
| | - H Tunstall-Pedoe
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - C.A Fitton
- University of Dundee, Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - S Soederberg
- Umea University, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea, Sweden
| | - J Hultdin
- Umea University, Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umea, Sweden
| | - V Salomaa
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Palosaari
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - C Waldeyer
- University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Department of Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R.B Schnabel
- University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Department of Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Zeller
- University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Department of Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Blankenberg
- University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Department of Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - W Koenig
- German Heart Centre Munich, Munich, Germany
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Abstract
Chemical safety assessment requires information on both chronic and acute effects of toxicants. Traditionally, such information has been provided by a set of animal studies conducted over different durations, ranging from a single dose with observation of effects over a few days, to repeat daily dosing and observations made over many months. With the advent of modern mechanistic approaches to toxicology, the role of in vitro studies within alternative approaches has never been more prominent. Typical in vitro experiments are conducted over short durations with measurements of response at a single time point, with a focus on providing effect and concentration-response information as input to hazard and risk assessment. This limits the usefulness of such data since potential chronic effects that cumulate over time are not usually considered. To address this, an experimental design is presented to characterise the toxicodynamics of a response not only in terms of concentration, but also as a function of time. Generation of concentration-time-effect responses allows both the extrapolation of points of departure from an acute to chronic exposure, and the determination of a chronicity index that provides a quantitative measure of a chemical's potential to cause cumulative effects over time. In addition, the approach provides a means to characterise the dynamics of key event relationships for the development of quantitative adverse outcome pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Macko
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy.
| | - Taina Palosaari
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Maurice Whelan
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
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Camen S, Palosaari T, Kuulasmaa K, Soederberg S, Palmieri L, Ferrario M, Blankenberg S, Niiranen T, Tunstall-Pedoe H, Peters A, Zeller T, Linneberg A, Salomaa V, Iacoviello L, Schnabel R. Cardiac troponin I and incident stroke in European cohorts – insights from the BiomarCaRE project. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Stroke is a common cause of death and a leading cause of disability and morbidity. Stroke risk assessment remains a challenge but circulating biomarkers may improve risk prediction. Controversial evidence is available on the predictive ability of troponin concentrations and the risk of stroke in the community. Furthermore, reports on the predictive value of troponin concentrations for different stroke subtypes (ischemic and hemorrhagic) are scarce.
Methods
High-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hsTnI) concentrations were assessed in 82,881 individuals (median age 50.7 years, 49.7% men) free of stroke or myocardial infarction at baseline from nine prospective European community cohorts. Multiple imputations were used to handle missing data. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to determine relative risks, followed by measures of discrimination and reclassification using 10-fold cross-validation to control for over-optimism. Follow-up was based upon linkage with national hospitalization registries and causes of death registries.
Results
Over a median follow-up of 12.7 years, 3,033 individuals were diagnosed with incident non-fatal or fatal stroke (N=1,654 ischemic strokes, N=612 hemorrhagic strokes, N=767 indeterminate strokes). In multivariable regression models hsTnI concentrations were associated with overall stroke (hazard ratio (HR) per one standard deviation increase 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–1.21), ischemic stroke (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.09–1.21) and hemorrhagic stroke (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01–1.21). Adding hsTnI concentrations to classical cardiovascular risk factors (C-indices 0.808, 0.840 and 0.735 for overall, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, respectively) increased the C-index significantly, but modestly. In individuals with an intermediate ten-year risk (5–20%) the net reclassification improvement for overall stroke was 0.039 (p=0.010).
Conclusions
Elevated hsTnI concentrations are associated with an increased risk of incident stroke in the community, irrespective of stroke subtype. Adding hsTnI concentrations to classical risk factors only modestly improved estimation of 10-year risk of stroke in the overall cohort, but might be of some value in individuals at an intermediate risk.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): The BiomarCaRE Project is funded by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no.HEALTH-F2-2011-278913. This project has received further funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 648131).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Camen
- University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Palosaari
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Kuulasmaa
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Soederberg
- Umea University, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Centre, Umea, Sweden
| | - L Palmieri
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità-ISS, Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging, Rome, Italy
| | | | - S Blankenberg
- University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Niiranen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - A Peters
- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - T Zeller
- University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Linneberg
- Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - V Salomaa
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - R.B Schnabel
- University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Boerschel C, Ohlrogge A, Geelhoed B, Niiranen T, Havulinna AS, Palosaari T, Blankenberg S, Zeller T, Salomaa V, Schnabel RB. P4796Risk prediction of atrial fibrillation in the community combining biomarkers and genetics. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.1172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Classical cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), biomarkers and genetic variation have been suggested for risk assessment of atrial fibrillation (AF).
Purpose
To evaluate their clinical potential, we analysed their individual and combined effectiveness in AF prediction.
Methods
In N=6945 individuals of the FINRISK 1997 cohort, we assessed the predictive value of CVRF, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and 145 recently identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for incident AF.
Results
Over a median follow-up of 17.8 years, N=551 participants (7.9%) developed AF. In multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models, NT-proBNP (hazard ratio (HR) per standard deviation (SD) 1.90, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.71–2.11, P<0.001) and the polygenic risk score (PRS) (HR per SD 1.66, 95% CI: 1.51–1.84, P<0.001) were significantly related to incident AF. The discriminatory ability improved asymptotically with increasing numbers of SNPs. Compared to a clinical model, AF risk prediction was significantly improved by addition of NT-proBNP and the PRS. The C-statistic for the combination of all CVRF, NT-proBNP and the PRS reached 0.82 compared to 0.77 for CVRF only (P<0.001). Comparing the highest versus lowest quartile, age remained the strongest risk factor with a 15-fold increased risk of AF. The highest quartiles of NT-proBNP and the PRS both showed an approximately 3-fold increased AF risk compared to the lowest quartiles.
C-Index for AF prediction
Conclusions
The PRS and the established biomarker NT-proBNP predicted incident AF comparably. Both provided incremental predictive value over standard clinical variables. Further improvements for the PRS are likely with the discovery of additional SNPs.
Acknowledgement/Funding
European Research Council, German Ministry of Research and Education, DZHK, European Union Seventh Framework Programme, CHANCES, THL
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Affiliation(s)
- C Boerschel
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Ohlrogge
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Geelhoed
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Niiranen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - A S Havulinna
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Palosaari
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Blankenberg
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Zeller
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - V Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - R B Schnabel
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
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Zeller T, Appelbaum S, Kuulasmaa K, Palosaari T, Blankenberg S, Jousilahti P, Salomaa V, Karakas M. Predictive value of low testosterone concentrations regarding coronary heart disease and mortality in men and women - evidence from the FINRISK97 study. J Intern Med 2019; 286:317-325. [PMID: 31121065 PMCID: PMC6851597 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The relevance of low testosterone concentrations for incident coronary heart disease (CHD) and mortality has been discussed in various studies. Here, we evaluate the predictive value of low baseline testosterone levels in a large population-based cohort. METHODS We measured the serum levels of testosterone in 7671 subjects (3710 male, 3961 female) of the population-based FINRISK97 study. RESULTS The median follow-up (FU) was 13.8 years. During the FU, a total of 779 deaths from any cause, and 395 incident CHD events were recorded. The age-adjusted baseline testosterone levels were similar in subjects suffering incident events during FU and those without incident events during FU (men: 15.80 vs. 17.01 nmol L-1 ; P = 0.69, women: 1.14 vs. 1.15 nmol L-1 ; P = 0.92). Weak correlations of testosterone levels were found with smoking (R = 0.09; P < 0.001), HDL cholesterol levels (R = 0.22, P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (R = -0.05; P = 0.011), BMI (R = -0.23; P < 0.001) and waist-hip-ratio (R = -0.21; P < 0.001) in men, and with eGFR (R = -0.05; P = 0.009) in women. Kaplan-Meier analyses did not reveal a positive association of testosterone levels with incident CHD or mortality. Accordingly, also in Cox regression analyses, testosterone levels were not predictive for incident CHD or mortality - neither in men (HR 1.02 [95%CI: 0.70-1.51]; P = 0.79 for lowest versus highest quarter regarding CHD and HR 1.06 [95%CI: 0.80-1.39]; P = 0.67 regarding mortality), nor in women (HR 1.13 [95%CI: 0.69-1.85]; P = 0.56 for lowest versus highest quarter regarding CHD and HR 0.99 [95%CI: 0.71-1.39]; P = 0.80 regarding mortality). CONCLUSIONS Low levels of testosterone are not predictive regarding future CHD or mortality - neither in men, nor in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Zeller
- Clinic of General and Interventional CardiologyUniversity Heart Center HamburgHamburgGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner Site HamburgLübeck, Kiel, HamburgGermany
| | - S. Appelbaum
- Clinic of General and Interventional CardiologyUniversity Heart Center HamburgHamburgGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner Site HamburgLübeck, Kiel, HamburgGermany
| | - K. Kuulasmaa
- National Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | - T. Palosaari
- National Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | - S. Blankenberg
- Clinic of General and Interventional CardiologyUniversity Heart Center HamburgHamburgGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner Site HamburgLübeck, Kiel, HamburgGermany
| | - P. Jousilahti
- National Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | - V. Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | - M. Karakas
- Clinic of General and Interventional CardiologyUniversity Heart Center HamburgHamburgGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner Site HamburgLübeck, Kiel, HamburgGermany
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9
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Joossens E, Macko P, Palosaari T, Gerloff K, Ojea-Jiménez I, Gilliland D, Novak J, Fortaner Torrent S, Gineste JM, Römer I, Briffa SM, Valsami-Jones E, Lynch I, Whelan M. A high throughput imaging database of toxicological effects of nanomaterials tested on HepaRG cells. Sci Data 2019; 6:46. [PMID: 31048742 PMCID: PMC6497662 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-019-0053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The large amount of existing nanomaterials demands rapid and reliable methods for testing their potential toxicological effect on human health, preferably by means of relevant in vitro techniques in order to reduce testing on animals. Combining high throughput workflows with automated high content imaging techniques allows deriving much more information from cell-based assays than the typical readouts (i.e. one measurement per well) with optical plate-readers. We present here a dataset including data based on a maximum of 14 different read outs (including viable cell count, cell membrane permeability, apoptotic cell death, mitochondrial membrane potential and steatosis) of the human hepatoma HepaRG cell line treated with a large set of nanomaterials, coatings and supernatants at different concentrations. The database, given its size, can be utilized in the development of in silico hazard assessment and prediction tools or can be combined with toxicity results from other in vitro test systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Macko
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Taina Palosaari
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Kirsten Gerloff
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | | | - Jaroslav Novak
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | | | - Isabella Römer
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
- Human & Environmental Health & Safety Group, Materials Safety Unit, LEITAT, C/Palllars 179-185, 08005, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sophie Marie Briffa
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Eugenia Valsami-Jones
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Maurice Whelan
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy.
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10
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Koponen P, Lundqvist A, Sääksjärvi K, Borodulin K, Sainio P, Palosaari T, Koskinen S. Significant educational differences in population health observed in the FinHealth 2017 Survey. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky212.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Koponen
- National Institue for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Lundqvist
- National Institue for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Sääksjärvi
- National Institue for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Borodulin
- National Institue for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Sainio
- National Institue for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Palosaari
- National Institue for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Koskinen
- National Institue for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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11
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Borodulin K, Koponen P, Lundqvist A, Sääksjärvi K, Tolonen H, Palosaari T, Koskinen S. Changes in key chronic disease risk factors in Finland 2011–2017. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky212.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Borodulin
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Koponen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Lundqvist
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Sääksjärvi
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Tolonen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Palosaari
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Koskinen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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12
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Paini A, Mennecozzi M, Horvat T, Gerloff K, Palosaari T, Sala Benito J, Worth A. Practical use of the Virtual Cell Based Assay: Simulation of repeated exposure experiments in liver cell lines. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 45:233-240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Louisse J, Wüst RCI, Pistollato F, Palosaari T, Barilari M, Macko P, Bremer S, Prieto P. Assessment of acute and chronic toxicity of doxorubicin in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 42:182-190. [PMID: 28456566 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study assesses acute and chronic toxicity of doxorubicin in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs), with the aim to obtain in vitro biomarkers that can be used as readouts to predict in vivo cardiotoxicity. Possible acute toxicity was investigated by assessing effects on the beating rate and the field potential duration (FPD) of doxorubicin-exposed cardiomyocytes by measuring electrical activity using multi-electrode array (MEA) analyses. No effects on the beating rate and FPD were found at concentrations up to 6μM, whereas at 12μM no electrical activity was recorded, indicating that the cardiomyocytes stopped beating. Acute and chronic effects of doxorubicin on mitochondria, which have been reported to be affected in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, were assessed using high content imaging techniques. To this end hiPSC-CMs were exposed to 150 or 300nM doxorubicin using both single dosing (3h and 2days) and repetitive dosing (3 times, of 2days each), including washout studies to assess delayed effects (assessment at day 14) and effects on cell number, mitochondrial density, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial superoxide levels and mitochondrial calcium levels were assessed. No effects of doxorubicin were found on mitochondrial density and mitochondrial superoxide levels, whereas doxorubicin reduced cell survival and slightly altered mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial calcium levels, which was most profound in the washout studies. Altogether, the results of the present study show that concentrations of doxorubicin in the micromolar range were required to affect electrical activity of hiPSC-CMs, whereas nanomolar concentrations already affected cell viability and caused mitochondrial disturbances. Integration of these data with other in vitro data may enable the selection of a series of in vitro biomarkers that can be used as readouts to screen chemicals for possible cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochem Louisse
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Rob C I Wüst
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francesca Pistollato
- Directorate F - Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Ispra, Italy
| | - Taina Palosaari
- Directorate F - Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Ispra, Italy
| | - Manuela Barilari
- Directorate F - Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Ispra, Italy
| | - Peter Macko
- Directorate F - Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Ispra, Italy
| | - Susanne Bremer
- Directorate F - Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Ispra, Italy
| | - Pilar Prieto
- Directorate F - Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Ispra, Italy
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15
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Dusinska M, Boland S, Saunders M, Juillerat-Jeanneret L, Tran L, Pojana G, Marcomini A, Volkovova K, Tulinska J, Knudsen LE, Gombau L, Whelan M, Collins AR, Marano F, Housiadas C, Bilanicova D, Halamoda Kenzaoui B, Correia Carreira S, Magdolenova Z, Fjellsbø LM, Huk A, Handy R, Walker L, Barancokova M, Bartonova A, Burello E, Castell J, Cowie H, Drlickova M, Guadagnini R, Harris G, Harju M, Heimstad ES, Hurbankova M, Kazimirova A, Kovacikova Z, Kuricova M, Liskova A, Milcamps A, Neubauerova E, Palosaari T, Papazafiri P, Pilou M, Poulsen MS, Ross B, Runden-Pran E, Sebekova K, Staruchova M, Vallotto D, Worth A. Towards an alternative testing strategy for nanomaterials used in nanomedicine: lessons from NanoTEST. Nanotoxicology 2016; 9 Suppl 1:118-32. [PMID: 25923349 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2014.991431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In spite of recent advances in describing the health outcomes of exposure to nanoparticles (NPs), it still remains unclear how exactly NPs interact with their cellular targets. Size, surface, mass, geometry, and composition may all play a beneficial role as well as causing toxicity. Concerns of scientists, politicians and the public about potential health hazards associated with NPs need to be answered. With the variety of exposure routes available, there is potential for NPs to reach every organ in the body but we know little about the impact this might have. The main objective of the FP7 NanoTEST project ( www.nanotest-fp7.eu ) was a better understanding of mechanisms of interactions of NPs employed in nanomedicine with cells, tissues and organs and to address critical issues relating to toxicity testing especially with respect to alternatives to tests on animals. Here we describe an approach towards alternative testing strategies for hazard and risk assessment of nanomaterials, highlighting the adaptation of standard methods demanded by the special physicochemical features of nanomaterials and bioavailability studies. The work has assessed a broad range of toxicity tests, cell models and NP types and concentrations taking into account the inherent impact of NP properties and the effects of changes in experimental conditions using well-characterized NPs. The results of the studies have been used to generate recommendations for a suitable and robust testing strategy which can be applied to new medical NPs as they are developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory-MILK, NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research , Kjeller , Norway
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16
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Harris G, Palosaari T, Magdolenova Z, Mennecozzi M, Gineste JM, Saavedra L, Milcamps A, Huk A, Collins AR, Dusinska M, Whelan M. Iron oxide nanoparticle toxicity testing using high-throughput analysis and high-content imaging. Nanotoxicology 2016; 9 Suppl 1:87-94. [PMID: 23859183 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.816797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Applying validated in vitro assays to the study of nanoparticle toxicity is a growing trend in nanomaterial risk assessment. Precise characterisation of reference nanomaterials and a well-regulated in vitro testing system are required to determine the physicochemical descriptors which dictate the toxic potential of nanoparticles. The use of automated, high-throughput technologies to facilitate the identification and prioritisation of nanomaterials which could pose a risk is desirable and developments are underway. In this study, two mammalian fibroblast lines (Balb/c 3T3 and COS-1 cells) were treated with a range of concentrations of iron oxide nanomaterials manufactured for use in medical diagnostics, using an automated platform and high-content-imaging endpoints for cell viability, oxidative stress and DNA damage (double-strand breaks). At the same time, the high-throughput comet assay was employed to measure DNA strand breaks and oxidised bases. Our results show that these methods provide a fast way to determine the toxicity of coated and uncoated iron oxide nanoparticles and, furthermore, to predict the mechanism of toxicity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Harris
- Institute for Health and Consumer Protection European Commission, Joint Research Centre , Ispra (VA) , Italy
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17
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Vassallo A, Chiappalone M, De Camargos Lopes R, Scelfo B, Novellino A, Defranchi E, Palosaari T, Weisschu T, Ramirez T, Martinoia S, Johnstone AFM, Mack CM, Landsiedel R, Whelan M, Bal-Price A, Shafer TJ. A multi-laboratory evaluation of microelectrode array-based measurements of neural network activity for acute neurotoxicity testing. Neurotoxicology 2016; 60:280-292. [PMID: 27036093 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for methods to screen and prioritize chemicals for potential hazard, including neurotoxicity. Microelectrode array (MEA) systems enable simultaneous extracellular recordings from multiple sites in neural networks in real time and thereby provide a robust measure of network activity. In this study, spontaneous activity measurements from primary neuronal cultures treated with three neurotoxic or three non-neurotoxic compounds was evaluated across four different laboratories. All four individual laboratories correctly identifed the neurotoxic compounds chlorpyrifos oxon (an organophosphate insecticide), deltamethrin (a pyrethroid insecticide) and domoic acid (an excitotoxicant). By contrast, the other three compounds (glyphosate, dimethyl phthalate and acetaminophen) considered to be non-neurotoxic ("negative controls"), produced only sporadic changes of the measured parameters. The results were consistent across the different laboratories, as all three neurotoxic compounds caused concentration-dependent inhibition of mean firing rate (MFR). Further, MFR appeared to be the most sensitive parameter for effects of neurotoxic compounds, as changes in electrical activity measured by mean frequency intra burst (MFIB), and mean burst duration (MBD) did not result in concentration-response relationships for some of the positive compounds, or required higher concentrations for an effect to be observed. However, greater numbers of compounds need to be tested to confirm this. The results obtained indicate that measurement of spontaneous electrical activity using MEAs provides a robust assessment of compound effects on neural network function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vassallo
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; Department of Infomatics Bioengineering, Robotics, SystemEngeneering, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Michela Chiappalone
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Ricardo De Camargos Lopes
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; Department of Clinical Engineering, University Hospital of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000-Predio 22, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, CEP: 97105-900 RS, Brazil
| | - Bibiana Scelfo
- Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Antonio Novellino
- Alternative Toxicity Service Unit-ETT SpA, via Sestri 37, 16154 Genova, Italy
| | - Enrico Defranchi
- Alternative Toxicity Service Unit-ETT SpA, via Sestri 37, 16154 Genova, Italy
| | - Taina Palosaari
- Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Timo Weisschu
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF, Carl Bosch-Strasse, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Tzutzuy Ramirez
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF, Carl Bosch-Strasse, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Sergio Martinoia
- Department of Infomatics Bioengineering, Robotics, SystemEngeneering, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrew F M Johnstone
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Cina M Mack
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Robert Landsiedel
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF, Carl Bosch-Strasse, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Maurice Whelan
- Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Anna Bal-Price
- Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Timothy J Shafer
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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18
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Munn S, Gerloff K, Landesmann B, Palosaari T, Worth A, Whelan M. Using AOPs to predict Nanoparticle-induced liver toxicity. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Pistollato F, Louisse J, Scelfo B, Mennecozzi M, Accordi B, Basso G, Gaspar JA, Zagoura D, Barilari M, Palosaari T, Sachinidis A, Bremer-Hoffmann S. Development of a pluripotent stem cell derived neuronal model to identify chemically induced pathway perturbations in relation to neurotoxicity: effects of CREB pathway inhibition. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 280:378-88. [PMID: 25150140 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
According to the advocated paradigm shift in toxicology, acquisition of knowledge on the mechanisms underlying the toxicity of chemicals, such as perturbations of biological pathways, is of primary interest. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), such as human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), offer a unique opportunity to derive physiologically relevant human cell types to measure molecular and cellular effects of such pathway modulations. Here we compared the neuronal differentiation propensity of hESCs and hiPSCs with the aim to develop novel hiPSC-based tools for measuring pathway perturbation in relation to molecular and cellular effects in vitro. Among other fundamental pathways, also, the cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) pathway was activated in our neuronal models and gave us the opportunity to study time-dependent effects elicited by chemical perturbations of the CREB pathway in relation to cellular effects. We show that the inhibition of the CREB pathway, using 2-naphthol-AS-E-phosphate (KG-501), induced an inhibition of neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis, as well as a decrease of MAP2(+) neuronal cells. These data indicate that a CREB pathway inhibition can be related to molecular and cellular effects that may be relevant for neurotoxicity testing, and, thus, qualify the use of our hiPSC-derived neuronal model for studying chemical-induced neurotoxicity resulting from pathway perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jochem Louisse
- Institute for Health and Consumer Protection (IHCP), JRC, Ispra, Italy
| | - Bibiana Scelfo
- Institute for Health and Consumer Protection (IHCP), JRC, Ispra, Italy
| | - Milena Mennecozzi
- Institute for Health and Consumer Protection (IHCP), JRC, Ispra, Italy
| | - Benedetta Accordi
- Oncohematology Laboratory, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basso
- Oncohematology Laboratory, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - John Antonydas Gaspar
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dimitra Zagoura
- Institute for Health and Consumer Protection (IHCP), JRC, Ispra, Italy
| | - Manuela Barilari
- Institute for Health and Consumer Protection (IHCP), JRC, Ispra, Italy
| | - Taina Palosaari
- Institute for Health and Consumer Protection (IHCP), JRC, Ispra, Italy
| | - Agapios Sachinidis
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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20
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Scelfo B, Politi M, Reniero F, Palosaari T, Whelan M, Zaldívar JM. Application of multielectrode array (MEA) chips for the evaluation of mixtures neurotoxicity. Toxicology 2012; 299:172-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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21
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Harris G, Palosaari T, Mennecozzi M, Gineste JM, Liska R, Saavedra L, Milcamps A, Whelan M. Automated high content imaging for in vitro assessment of nanomaterial toxicity. Toxicol Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22
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Rodrigues RM, Macko P, Palosaari T, Whelan MP. Autofluorescence microscopy: a non-destructive tool to monitor mitochondrial toxicity. Toxicol Lett 2011; 206:281-8. [PMID: 21864658 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Visualization of NADH by fluorescence microscopy makes it possible to distinguish mitochondria inside living cells, allowing structure analysis of these organelles in a non-invasive way. Mitochondrial morphology is determined by the occurrence of mitochondrial fission and fusion. During normal cell function mitochondria appear as elongated tubular structures. However, cellular malfunction induces mitochondria to fragment into punctiform, vesicular structures. This change in morphology is associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and early apoptosis. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that autofluorescence imaging of mitochondria in living eukaryotic cells provides structural and morphological information that can be used to assess mitochondrial health. We firstly established the illumination conditions that do not affect mitochondrial structure and calculated the maximum safe light dose to which the cells can be exposed. Subsequently, sequential recording of mitochondrial fluorescence was performed and changes in mitochondrial morphology were monitored in a continuous non-destructive way. This approach was then used to assess mitochondrial toxicity induced by potential toxicants exposed to mammalian cells. Both mouse and human cells were used to evaluate mitochondrial toxicity of different compounds with different toxicities. This technique constitutes a novel and promising approach to explore chemical induced toxicity because of its reliability to monitor mitochondrial morphology changes and corresponding toxicity in a non-invasive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robim M Rodrigues
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Customer Protection, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra (Varese), Italy.
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23
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Novellino A, Scelfo B, Palosaari T, Price A, Sobanski T, Shafer TJ, Johnstone AFM, Gross GW, Gramowski A, Schroeder O, Jügelt K, Chiappalone M, Benfenati F, Martinoia S, Tedesco MT, Defranchi E, D'Angelo P, Whelan M. Development of micro-electrode array based tests for neurotoxicity: assessment of interlaboratory reproducibility with neuroactive chemicals. Front Neuroeng 2011; 4:4. [PMID: 21562604 PMCID: PMC3087164 DOI: 10.3389/fneng.2011.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal assemblies within the nervous system produce electrical activity that can be recorded in terms of action potential patterns. Such patterns provide a sensitive endpoint to detect effects of a variety of chemical and physical perturbations. They are a function of synaptic changes and do not necessarily involve structural alterations. In vitro neuronal networks (NNs) grown on micro-electrode arrays (MEAs) respond to neuroactive substances as well as the in vivo brain. As such, they constitute a valuable tool for investigating changes in the electrophysiological activity of the neurons in response to chemical exposures. However, the reproducibility of NN responses to chemical exposure has not been systematically documented. To this purpose six independent laboratories (in Europe and in USA) evaluated the response to the same pharmacological compounds (Fluoxetine, Muscimol, and Verapamil) in primary neuronal cultures. Common standardization principles and acceptance criteria for the quality of the cultures have been established to compare the obtained results. These studies involved more than 100 experiments before the final conclusions have been drawn that MEA technology has a potential for standard in vitro neurotoxicity/neuropharmacology evaluation. The obtained results show good intra- and inter-laboratory reproducibility of the responses. The consistent inhibitory effects of the compounds were observed in all the laboratories with the 50% Inhibiting Concentrations (IC(50)s) ranging from: (mean ± SEM, in μM) 1.53 ± 0.17 to 5.4 ± 0.7 (n = 35) for Fluoxetine, 0.16 ± 0.03 to 0.38 ± 0.16 μM (n = 35) for Muscimol, and 2.68 ± 0.32 to 5.23 ± 1.7 (n = 32) for Verapamil. The outcome of this study indicates that the MEA approach is a robust tool leading to reproducible results. The future direction will be to extend the set of testing compounds and to propose the MEA approach as a standard screen for identification and prioritization of chemicals with neurotoxicity potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Novellino
- Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, European Commission - Joint Research Centre Ispra, Italy
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Dusinska M, Dusinska M, Fjellsbø LM, Magdolenova Z, Rinna A, Runden Pran E, Bartonova A, Heimstad ES, Harju M, Tran L, Ross B, Juillerat L, Halamoda Kenzaui B, Marano F, Boland S, Guadaginini R, Saunders M, Cartwright L, Carreira S, Whelan M, Kelin CH, Worth A, Palosaari T, Burello E, Housiadas C, Pilou M, Volkovova K, Tulinska J, Kazimirova A, Barancokova M, Sebekova K, Hurbankova M, Kovacikova Z, Knudsen L, Poulsen MS, Mose T, Vilà M, Gombau L, Fernandez B, Castell J, Marcomini A, Pojana G, Bilanicova D, Vallotto D. Testing strategies for the safety of nanoparticles used in medical applications. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2009; 4:605-7. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.09.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - M Dusinska
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - LM Fjellsbø
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Z Magdolenova
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - A Rinna
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - E Runden Pran
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - A Bartonova
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - ES Heimstad
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - M Harju
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - L Tran
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - B Ross
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - L Juillerat
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - B Halamoda Kenzaui
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - F Marano
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - S Boland
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - R Guadaginini
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - M Saunders
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - L Cartwright
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - S Carreira
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - M Whelan
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - CH Kelin
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - A Worth
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - T Palosaari
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - E Burello
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - C Housiadas
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - M Pilou
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - K Volkovova
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - J Tulinska
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - A Kazimirova
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - M Barancokova
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - K Sebekova
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - M Hurbankova
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Z Kovacikova
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - L Knudsen
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - MS Poulsen
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - T Mose
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - M Vilà
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - L Gombau
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - B Fernandez
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - J Castell
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - A Marcomini
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - G Pojana
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - D Bilanicova
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - D Vallotto
- Health Effects Group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Economics, POB 100, Instituttvn. 18, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
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Rainio A, Hautala N, Pelkonen O, Palosaari T, Heikkinen J, Mosorin M, Lahtinen J, Taskinen P, Anttila V, Surcel HM, Lepojärvi M, Juvonen T, Biancari F. Risk of retinal microembolism after off-pump and on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2007; 48:773-779. [PMID: 17947936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM In order to investigate the neuroprotective efficacy of off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCAB) over conventional on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (CCAB), we have performed a prospective randomized study evaluating retinal circulation changes after OPCAB and CCAB. METHODS Twenty patients were randomized to OPCAB or CCAB. Retinal fluorescein angiography and 60 degrees black-and-white as well as color fundus photographs of both eyes of each patient were taken 1 to 24 h before and 5 to 6 days after the operation. RESULTS Patients undergoing OPCAB had more severely stenosed carotid arteries (P=0.075), higher incidence of slightly diseased ascending aorta (P=0.087) and higher Northern New England Cardiovascular Study Group stroke risk score (P=0.075). Neither stroke nor transient ischemic attack occurred postoperatively in these patients. Inferotemporal retinal arterial embolization and microinfarction was detected in one patient after CCAB, but in none of the OPCAB group. CONCLUSION The risk of retinal embolism can be minimized by the use of OPCAB and, most likely, by adequate epiaortic ultrasound scanning of the ascending aorta and avoiding clamping in case of severely diseased aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rainio
- Division of Cardio-thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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