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Greenblatt-Kimron L, Palgi Y, Regev T, Ben-David BM. Associations among loneliness, internal locus of control and subjective accelerated ageing in older adults who received the booster vaccination. BJPsych Open 2024; 10:e54. [PMID: 38404027 PMCID: PMC10897693 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2024.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A rise in loneliness among older adults since the COVID-19 outbreak, even after vaccination, has been highlighted. Loneliness has deleterious consequences, with specific effects on perceptions of the ageing process during the COVID-19 pandemic. Coping with stressful life events and the challenges of ageing may result in a perception of acceleration of this process. AIM Studies have shown a buffering effect of an internal locus of control in the relationship between COVID-19 stress and mental distress. The current study examined whether loneliness predicts subjective accelerated ageing and whether internal locus of control moderates this relationship. METHOD Two waves of community-dwelling older adults (M = 70.44, s.d. = 5.95; age range 61-88 years), vaccinated three times, were sampled by a web-survey company. Participants completed the questionnaire after the beginning of the third vaccination campaign and reported again 4 months later on loneliness, internal locus of control and subjective accelerated ageing level in the second wave. RESULTS Participants with higher levels of loneliness presented 4 months later with higher subjective accelerated ageing. Participants with a low level of internal locus of control presented 4 months later with high subjective accelerated ageing, regardless of their loneliness level. Participants with a high level of internal locus of control and a low level of loneliness presented with the lowest subjective accelerated ageing 4 months later. CONCLUSIONS The findings emphasise the deleterious effects of loneliness and low internal locus of control on older adults' perception of their ageing process. Practitioners should focus their interventions not only on loneliness but also on improving the sense of internal locus of control to improve subjective accelerated ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuval Palgi
- Department of Gerontology, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Tali Regev
- School of Economics, Reichman University (IDC), Israel
| | - Boaz M. Ben-David
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University (IDC), Israel; Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto, Canada; and KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Networks, Canada
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Ben-David BM, Keisari S, Regev T, Palgi Y. COVID-19 Booster Vaccination Bellwethers: Factors Predictive of Older Adults' Adoption of the Second Booster COVID-19 Vaccine in Israel: A Longitudinal Study. J Appl Gerontol 2023; 42:1113-1117. [PMID: 36794638 PMCID: PMC9941450 DOI: 10.1177/07334648221145837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Israel became the first country to offer the second COVID-19 booster vaccination. The study tested for the first time, the predictive role of booster-related sense of control (SOC_B), trust and vaccination hesitancy (VH) on adoption of the second-booster among older adults, 7 months later. Four hundred Israelis (≥60 years-old), eligible for the first booster, responded online, two weeks into the first booster campaign. They completed demographics, self-reports, and first booster vaccination status (early-adopters or not). Second booster vaccination status was collected for 280 eligible responders: early- and late-adopters, vaccinated four and 75 days into the second booster campaign, respectively, versus non-adopters. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted with pseudo R2 = .385. Higher SOC_B, and first booster early-adoption were predictive of second booster early-vs.-non-adoption, 1.934 [1.148-3.257], 4.861 [1.847-12.791]; and late-vs.-non-adoption, 2.031 [1.294-3.188], 2.092 [0.979-4.472]. Higher trust was only predictive of late-vs.-non-adoption (1.981 [1.03-3.81]), whereas VH was non-predictive. We suggest that older-adult bellwethers, second booster early-adopters, could be predicted by higher SOC_B, and first booster early-adoption, 7 months earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boaz M. Ben-David
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University , Herzliya, Israel,Department of Speech-Language
Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation
Institute, University Health Networks
(UHN), ON, Canada,Boaz M. Ben-David, Communication, Aging and
Neuropsychology lab (CAN lab), Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman
University (IDC), 8 University Street, Herzliya, 4610101, Israel. E-mail:
| | - Shoshi Keisari
- School of Creative Arts Therapies, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tali Regev
- Tiomkin School of Economics, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Yuval Palgi
- Department of Gerontology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Ayres I, Katz TK, Regev T. Languages and future-oriented economic behavior-Experimental evidence for causal effects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2208871120. [PMID: 36745779 PMCID: PMC9964034 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208871120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that the use of languages which grammatically associate the future and the present tends to correlate with more future-oriented behavior. We take an experimental approach to go beyond correlation. We asked bilingual research participants, people fluent in two languages (12 language pairs) which differ in the way they encode time, to make a set of future-oriented economic decisions. We find that participants addressed in a language in which the present and the future are marked more distinctly tended to value future events less than participants addressed in a language in which the present and the future are similarly marked. In an additional experiment, bilingual research participants (seven language pairs) were asked to choose whether they wish to complete a more enjoyable task first or later (delayed gratification). When addressed in a language in which the present and the future are marked more distinctly, participants tended to prefer immediate gratification more than when addressed in a language in which the present and the future are marked less distinctly. We shed light on the mechanism in a within-person experiment in which bilingual research participants (nine language pairs) were asked to spatially mark the distance between the present and the future. When participants were addressed in a language in which the present and the future are marked more distinctly, they tended to express more precise temporal beliefs compared with when addressed in a language in which the present and the future are marked less distinctly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tali Regev
- Tiomkin School of Economics, Reichman University, 4610101Herzliya, Israel
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Kricheli-Katz T, Regev T. The effect of language on performance: do gendered languages fail women in maths? NPJ Sci Learn 2021; 6:9. [PMID: 33824344 PMCID: PMC8024272 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-021-00087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Research suggests that gendered languages are associated with gender inequality. However, as languages are embedded in cultures, evidence for causal effects are harder to provide. We contribute to this ongoing debate by exploring the relationship between gendered languages and the gender gap in mathematics achievements. We provide evidence for causality by exploiting the prominent (but not exclusive) practice in gendered languages of using masculine generics to address women. In an experiment on a large representative sample of the Hebrew-speaking adult population in Israel, we show that addressing women in the feminine, compared to addressing them in the masculine, reduces the gender gap in mathematics achievements by a third. These effects are stronger among participants who acquired the Hebrew language early in childhood rather than later in life, suggesting that it is the extent of language proficiency that generates one's sensitivity to being addressed in the masculine or in the feminine. Moreover, when women are addressed in the masculine, their efforts (in terms of time spent on the maths test) decrease and they report feeling that "science is for men" more than when addressed in the feminine. We supplement the analysis with two experiments that explore the roles of general and task-specific stereotypes in generating these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tali Regev
- Tiomkin School of Economics, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel.
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Kricheli Katz T, Regev T, Lavie S, Porat H, Avraham R. Those who tan and those who don't: A natural experiment on colorism. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235438. [PMID: 32706822 PMCID: PMC7380621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Are darker-skinned workers discriminated against in the labor market? Studies using survey data have shown that darker skin tone is associated with increased labor market disadvantages. However, it is hard to refute the possibility that other factors correlated with skin tones might affect employment outcomes. To overcome this inherent limitation, we use a natural experiment: we utilize changes in one's own skin tone, generated by exposure to the sun, to explore the effect of skin tone on the tendency to be employed. We find that those people whose skin tone becomes darker by exposure to the sun (but not others) are less likely to be employed when the UV radiation in the previous three weeks in the area in which they reside is greater. These within-person findings hold even when controlling for the week, the year, the region, demographic characteristics and the occupation and industry one is employed in.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tali Regev
- The Interdisciplinary Center Herzelyia, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shay Lavie
- Buchmann Faculty of Law, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Haggai Porat
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ronen Avraham
- Buchmann Faculty of Law, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Malkin G, Hayat T, Amichai-Hamburger Y, Ben-David BM, Regev T, Nakash O. How well do older adults recognise mental illness? A literature review. Psychogeriatrics 2019; 19:491-504. [PMID: 30746830 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Older adults tend to underutilise mental health services. Mental health literacy plays a critical role in identifying and overcoming barriers to accessing mental health care. The ability to recognise mental illness is an essential component of mental health literacy, with important implications to whether the person will seek professional help. We conducted a review of the literature on older adults' abilities to recognise mental illness. Of the 421 papers that were retrieved in the comprehensive search in PubMed, 32 studies met inclusion criteria. Studies were heterogeneous in terms of target population and methodology, yet findings show that older adults are less likely to correctly recognise mental disorders. Cueing older participants with mental labels improved their recognition abilities. Recognition was particularly poor among immigrant and ethnic/racial older adults, likely due to linguistic and cultural barriers. Our findings demonstrate that older adults show low levels of mental illness recognition and tend to view some illnesses as normal parts of aging. Findings emphasise the need for developing educational programs tailored by the specific phenomenology, conceptualisations and cultural meanings of mental illness among older adults, with attention to informal sources of information and social networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gali Malkin
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Tsahi Hayat
- Sammy Ofer School of Communications, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Yair Amichai-Hamburger
- Sammy Ofer School of Communications, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Boaz M Ben-David
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Tali Regev
- School of Economics, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Ora Nakash
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel
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Abstract
Gender inequality in contemporary U.S. society is a well-documented, widespread phenomenon. However, little is known about gender disparities in product markets. This study is the first to use actual market data to study the behavior of women and men as sellers and buyers and differences in market outcomes. We analyze a unique and large data set containing all eBay auction transactions of most popular products by private sellers between the years 2009 and 2012. Women sellers received a smaller number of bids and lower final prices than did equally qualified men sellers of the exact same product. On average, women sellers received about 80 cents for every dollar a man received when selling the identical new product and 97 cents when selling the same used product. These findings held even after controlling for the sentiments that appear in the text of the sellers' listings. Nonetheless, it is worth noting that this gap varied by the type of the product being sold. As a policy, eBay does not reveal the gender of users. We attribute the price differences to the ability of buyers to discern the gender of the seller. We present results from an experiment that shows that people accurately identify the gender of sellers on the basis of typical information provided in postings. We supplement the analysis with an additional off-eBay experiment showing that, in a controlled setting, people are willing to pay less for money-value gift cards when they are sold by women rather than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Kricheli-Katz
- Faculty of Law and Department of Sociology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Tali Regev
- School of Economics, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Kanfei Nesharim Street, Herzliya 46150, Israel
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Dyer CB, Gleason MS, Murphy KP, Pavlik VN, Portal B, Regev T, Hyman DJ. Treating elder neglect: collaboration between a geriatrics assessment team and adult protective services. South Med J 1999; 92:242-4. [PMID: 10071677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Neglect is the most common type of elder maltreatment in the United States. Currently, the only formal intervention available is provided by each state's adult protective service agency (APS). Elder neglect involves a complicated relationship among an indvidual's medical problems, social situation, and ability to function in the environment. Geriatric assessment teams are facile at dealing with such complex cases while APS caseworkers are expert in their ability to identify and confirm neglect. Forming a geriatric team that includes APS caseworkers is a logical and innovative approach to the growing problem of elder neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Dyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77004, USA
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