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Kim TS, Ikeuchi T, Theofilou VI, Williams DW, Greenwell-Wild T, June A, Adade EE, Li L, Abusleme L, Dutzan N, Yuan Y, Brenchley L, Bouladoux N, Sakamachi Y, Palmer RJ, Iglesias-Bartolome R, Trinchieri G, Garantziotis S, Belkaid Y, Valm AM, Diaz PI, Holland SM, Moutsopoulos NM. Epithelial-derived interleukin-23 promotes oral mucosal immunopathology. Immunity 2024; 57:859-875.e11. [PMID: 38513665 PMCID: PMC11058479 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
At mucosal surfaces, epithelial cells provide a structural barrier and an immune defense system. However, dysregulated epithelial responses can contribute to disease states. Here, we demonstrated that epithelial cell-intrinsic production of interleukin-23 (IL-23) triggers an inflammatory loop in the prevalent oral disease periodontitis. Epithelial IL-23 expression localized to areas proximal to the disease-associated microbiome and was evident in experimental models and patients with common and genetic forms of disease. Mechanistically, flagellated microbial species of the periodontitis microbiome triggered epithelial IL-23 induction in a TLR5 receptor-dependent manner. Therefore, unlike other Th17-driven diseases, non-hematopoietic-cell-derived IL-23 served as an initiator of pathogenic inflammation in periodontitis. Beyond periodontitis, analysis of publicly available datasets revealed the expression of epithelial IL-23 in settings of infection, malignancy, and autoimmunity, suggesting a broader role for epithelial-intrinsic IL-23 in human disease. Collectively, this work highlights an important role for the barrier epithelium in the induction of IL-23-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Sung Kim
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tomoko Ikeuchi
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vasileios Ionas Theofilou
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Drake Winslow Williams
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Teresa Greenwell-Wild
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Armond June
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Emmanuel E Adade
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12210, USA
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Loreto Abusleme
- Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolas Dutzan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yao Yuan
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Laurie Brenchley
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicolas Bouladoux
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yosuke Sakamachi
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Robert J Palmer
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ramiro Iglesias-Bartolome
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Cancer Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stavros Garantziotis
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alex M Valm
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12210, USA
| | - Patricia I Diaz
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Niki M Moutsopoulos
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Ikeuchi T, Akhi R, Cardona Rodriguez B, Fraser D, Williams D, Kim TS, Greenwell-Wild T, Overmiller A, Morasso M, Moutsopoulos N. Dissociation of murine oral mucosal tissues for single cell applications. J Immunol Methods 2024; 525:113605. [PMID: 38142927 PMCID: PMC10842481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2023.113605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry approaches have been instrumental in understanding cellular states within various tissues and organs. However, tissue dissociation methods can potentially alter results and create bias due to preferential recovery of particular cell types. Here we present efforts to optimize methods for dissociation of murine oral mucosal tissues and provide three different protocols that can be utilized to isolate major cell populations in the oral mucosa. These methods can be used both in health and in states of inflammation, such as periodontitis. The optimized protocols use different enzymatic approaches (collagenase II, collagenase IV and the Miltenyi whole skin dissociation kit) and yield preferential recovery of immune, stromal and epithelial cells, respectively. We suggest choosing the dissociation method based on the cell population of interest to study, while understanding the limitations of each approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Ikeuchi
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Ramin Akhi
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Belmaliz Cardona Rodriguez
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David Fraser
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Drake Williams
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tae Sung Kim
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Teresa Greenwell-Wild
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew Overmiller
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maria Morasso
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Niki Moutsopoulos
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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3
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Arce M, Rodriguez-Peña M, Espinoza-Arrue J, Godoy RA, Reyes M, Kajikawa T, Greenwell-Wild T, Hajishengallis G, Abusleme L, Moutsopoulos N, Dutzan N. Increased STAT3 Activation in Periodontitis Drives Inflammatory Bone Loss. J Dent Res 2023; 102:1366-1375. [PMID: 37697911 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231192381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent human inflammatory diseases. It is characterized by periodontal tissue destruction, progressively driven by the host response. In this regard, cytokines associated with tissue destruction, such as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-23, use a common signaling pathway mediated by STAT3. This transcription factor is also needed for IL-17A production, a key mediator in periodontitis pathogenesis. Although several studies have reported increased activation of STAT3 in experimental periodontitis, a detailed characterization of STAT3 activation in human gingival tissues and its involvement in alveolar bone loss has yet to be explored. Using a cross-sectional study design, we detected increased proportions of pSTAT3-positive cells during periodontitis compared with health, particularly in epithelial cells and T cells. Other cell types of hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic origin also display STAT3 activation in gingival tissues. We detected increased STAT3 phosphorylation and expression of STAT3-related genes during experimental periodontitis. Next, we evaluated the role of STAT3 in alveolar bone destruction using a mouse model of STAT3 loss of function (mut-Stat3 mice). Compared with controls, mut-Stat3 mice had reduced alveolar bone loss following ligature-induced periodontitis. We also evaluated pharmacologic inhibition of STAT3 in ligature-induced periodontitis. Like mut-Stat3 mice, mice treated with STAT3 small-molecule inhibitor had reduced bone loss compared with controls. Our results demonstrate that STAT3 activation is increased in epithelial and T cells during periodontitis and indicate a pathogenic role of STAT3 in inflammatory alveolar bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arce
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Rodriguez-Peña
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Espinoza-Arrue
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - R A Godoy
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Reyes
- Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - T Kajikawa
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - T Greenwell-Wild
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - G Hajishengallis
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - L Abusleme
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - N Moutsopoulos
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - N Dutzan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Kim TS, Silva LM, Theofilou VI, Greenwell-Wild T, Li L, Williams DW, Ikeuchi T, Brenchley L, Bugge TH, Diaz PI, Kaplan MJ, Carmona-Rivera C, Moutsopoulos NM. Neutrophil extracellular traps and extracellular histones potentiate IL-17 inflammation in periodontitis. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20221751. [PMID: 37261457 PMCID: PMC10236943 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil infiltration is a hallmark of periodontitis, a prevalent oral inflammatory condition in which Th17-driven mucosal inflammation leads to destruction of tooth-supporting bone. Herein, we document that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are early triggers of pathogenic inflammation in periodontitis. In an established animal model, we demonstrate that neutrophils infiltrate the gingival oral mucosa at early time points after disease induction and expel NETs to trigger mucosal inflammation and bone destruction in vivo. Investigating mechanisms by which NETs drive inflammatory bone loss, we find that extracellular histones, a major component of NETs, trigger upregulation of IL-17/Th17 responses, and bone destruction. Importantly, human findings corroborate our experimental work. We document significantly increased levels of NET complexes and extracellular histones bearing classic NET-associated posttranslational modifications, in blood and local lesions of severe periodontitis patients, in the absence of confounding disease. Our findings suggest a feed-forward loop in which NETs trigger IL-17 immunity to promote immunopathology in a prevalent human inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Sung Kim
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lakmali M. Silva
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vasileios Ionas Theofilou
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Teresa Greenwell-Wild
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Drake Winslow Williams
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tomoko Ikeuchi
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laurie Brenchley
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Thomas H. Bugge
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patricia I. Diaz
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mariana J. Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carmelo Carmona-Rivera
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Niki M. Moutsopoulos
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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5
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Silva LM, Doyle AD, Greenwell-Wild T, Dutzan N, Tran CL, Abusleme L, Juang LJ, Leung J, Chun EM, Lum AG, Agler CS, Zuazo CE, Sibree M, Jani P, Kram V, Martin D, Moss K, Lionakis MS, Castellino FJ, Kastrup CJ, Flick MJ, Divaris K, Bugge TH, Moutsopoulos NM. Fibrin is a critical regulator of neutrophil effector function at the oral mucosal barrier. Science 2021; 374:eabl5450. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abl5450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lakmali M. Silva
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew D. Doyle
- NIDCR Imaging Core, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Teresa Greenwell-Wild
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicolas Dutzan
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Collin L. Tran
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Loreto Abusleme
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lih Jiin Juang
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jerry Leung
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth M. Chun
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew G. Lum
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cary S. Agler
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carlos E. Zuazo
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Megan Sibree
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Priyam Jani
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vardit Kram
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Martin
- NIDCR Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Moss
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michail S. Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Francis J. Castellino
- WM Keck Center for Transgene Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Christian J. Kastrup
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Departments of Surgery, Biochemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Matthew J. Flick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kimon Divaris
- Division of Pediatric and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thomas H. Bugge
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Niki M. Moutsopoulos
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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6
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Abstract
Oral mucosal tissue is composed of several cell types that are difficult to dissociate while maintaining high cell viability. We describe a protocol for the preparation and dissociation of human buccal and gingival oral mucosal tissue to a high-viability single-cell suspension composed of heterogeneous cell types. This heterogeneous cell suspension can subsequently be used for cytometric analyses or to generate single-cell RNA sequencing libraries. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Williams et al. (2021). Dissociation of oral mucosal tissue and preparation of a single-cell suspension Confirmation of highly viable heterogenous single cells after isolation Cell suspensions suitable for single-cell RNA sequencing and cytometric analysis Adapted for human gingival and buccal mucosa tissues
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Greenwell-Wild
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Drake Winslow Williams
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Niki Maria Moutsopoulos
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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7
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Break TJ, Oikonomou V, Dutzan N, Desai JV, Swidergall M, Freiwald T, Chauss D, Harrison OJ, Alejo J, Williams DW, Pittaluga S, Lee CCR, Bouladoux N, Swamydas M, Hoffman KW, Greenwell-Wild T, Bruno VM, Rosen LB, Lwin W, Renteria A, Pontejo SM, Shannon JP, Myles IA, Olbrich P, Ferré EMN, Schmitt M, Martin D, Barber DL, Solis NV, Notarangelo LD, Serreze DV, Matsumoto M, Hickman HD, Murphy PM, Anderson MS, Lim JK, Holland SM, Filler SG, Afzali B, Belkaid Y, Moutsopoulos NM, Lionakis MS. Response to Comments on "Aberrant type 1 immunity drives susceptibility to mucosal fungal infections". Science 2021; 373:eabi8835. [PMID: 34529475 PMCID: PMC10120387 DOI: 10.1126/science.abi8835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Puel and Casanova and Kisand et al. challenge our conclusions that interferonopathy and not IL-17/IL-22 autoantibodies promote candidiasis in autoimmune polyendocrinopathy–candidiasis–ectodermal dystrophy. We acknowledge that conclusive evidence for causation is difficult to obtain in complex human diseases. However, our studies clearly document interferonopathy driving mucosal candidiasis with intact IL-17/IL-22 responses in Aire-deficient mice, with strong corroborative evidence in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Break
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vasileios Oikonomou
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicolas Dutzan
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jigar V. Desai
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marc Swidergall
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tilo Freiwald
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Chauss
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Oliver J. Harrison
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julie Alejo
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Drake W. Williams
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chyi-Chia R. Lee
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicolas Bouladoux
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Muthulekha Swamydas
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin W. Hoffman
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Teresa Greenwell-Wild
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vincent M. Bruno
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Wint Lwin
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andy Renteria
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sergio M. Pontejo
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John P. Shannon
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, LCIM, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ian A. Myles
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, LCIM, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter Olbrich
- Immunopathogenesis Section, LCIM, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elise M. N. Ferré
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Monica Schmitt
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Martin
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Daniel L. Barber
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Norma V. Solis
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Mitsuru Matsumoto
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | - Philip M. Murphy
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark S. Anderson
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jean K. Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Scott G. Filler
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Behdad Afzali
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Niki M. Moutsopoulos
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michail S. Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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8
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Williams DW, Greenwell-Wild T, Brenchley L, Dutzan N, Overmiller A, Sawaya AP, Webb S, Martin D, Hajishengallis G, Divaris K, Morasso M, Haniffa M, Moutsopoulos NM. Human oral mucosa cell atlas reveals a stromal-neutrophil axis regulating tissue immunity. Cell 2021; 184:4090-4104.e15. [PMID: 34129837 PMCID: PMC8359928 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The oral mucosa remains an understudied barrier tissue. This is a site of rich exposure to antigens and commensals, and a tissue susceptible to one of the most prevalent human inflammatory diseases, periodontitis. To aid in understanding tissue-specific pathophysiology, we compile a single-cell transcriptome atlas of human oral mucosa in healthy individuals and patients with periodontitis. We uncover the complex cellular landscape of oral mucosal tissues and identify epithelial and stromal cell populations with inflammatory signatures that promote antimicrobial defenses and neutrophil recruitment. Our findings link exaggerated stromal cell responsiveness with enhanced neutrophil and leukocyte infiltration in periodontitis. Our work provides a resource characterizing the role of tissue stroma in regulating mucosal tissue homeostasis and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drake Winslow Williams
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Teresa Greenwell-Wild
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Laurie Brenchley
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicolas Dutzan
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrew Overmiller
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew Phillip Sawaya
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Simone Webb
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Daniel Martin
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - George Hajishengallis
- University of Pennsylvania, Penn Dental Medicine, Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kimon Divaris
- UNC Adams School of Dentistry and Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Maria Morasso
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; Department of Dermatology and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4LP, UK
| | - Niki Maria Moutsopoulos
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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9
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Break TJ, Oikonomou V, Dutzan N, Desai JV, Swidergall M, Freiwald T, Chauss D, Harrison OJ, Alejo J, Williams DW, Pittaluga S, Lee CCR, Bouladoux N, Swamydas M, Hoffman KW, Greenwell-Wild T, Bruno VM, Rosen LB, Lwin W, Renteria A, Pontejo SM, Shannon JP, Myles IA, Olbrich P, Ferré EMN, Schmitt M, Martin D, Barber DL, Solis NV, Notarangelo LD, Serreze DV, Matsumoto M, Hickman HD, Murphy PM, Anderson MS, Lim JK, Holland SM, Filler SG, Afzali B, Belkaid Y, Moutsopoulos NM, Lionakis MS. Aberrant type 1 immunity drives susceptibility to mucosal fungal infections. Science 2021; 371:eaay5731. [PMID: 33446526 PMCID: PMC8326743 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay5731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human monogenic disorders have revealed the critical contribution of type 17 responses in mucosal fungal surveillance. We unexpectedly found that in certain settings, enhanced type 1 immunity rather than defective type 17 responses can promote mucosal fungal infection susceptibility. Notably, in mice and humans with AIRE deficiency, an autoimmune disease characterized by selective susceptibility to mucosal but not systemic fungal infection, mucosal type 17 responses are intact while type 1 responses are exacerbated. These responses promote aberrant interferon-γ (IFN-γ)- and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1)-dependent epithelial barrier defects as well as mucosal fungal infection susceptibility. Concordantly, genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of IFN-γ or Janus kinase (JAK)-STAT signaling ameliorates mucosal fungal disease. Thus, we identify aberrant T cell-dependent, type 1 mucosal inflammation as a critical tissue-specific pathogenic mechanism that promotes mucosal fungal infection susceptibility in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Break
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vasileios Oikonomou
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicolas Dutzan
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jigar V Desai
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marc Swidergall
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tilo Freiwald
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Chauss
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Oliver J Harrison
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julie Alejo
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Drake W Williams
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chyi-Chia R Lee
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicolas Bouladoux
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Muthulekha Swamydas
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin W Hoffman
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Teresa Greenwell-Wild
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vincent M Bruno
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Wint Lwin
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andy Renteria
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sergio M Pontejo
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John P Shannon
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, LCIM, NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ian A Myles
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, LCIM, NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter Olbrich
- Immunopathogenesis Section, LCIM, NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elise M N Ferré
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Monica Schmitt
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Martin
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, NIDCR, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel L Barber
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Norma V Solis
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Mitsuru Matsumoto
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Heather D Hickman
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, LCIM, NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philip M Murphy
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark S Anderson
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jean K Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Scott G Filler
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Behdad Afzali
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Niki M Moutsopoulos
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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10
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Cortes-Troncoso J, Jang SI, Perez P, Hidalgo J, Ikeuchi T, Greenwell-Wild T, Warner BM, Moutsopoulos NM, Alevizos I. T cell exosome-derived miR-142-3p impairs glandular cell function in Sjögren's syndrome. JCI Insight 2020; 5:133497. [PMID: 32376798 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.133497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that mainly affects exocrine salivary and lacrimal glands. Local inflammation in the glands is thought to trigger glandular dysfunction and symptoms of dryness. However, the mechanisms underlying these processes are incompletely understood. Our work suggests T cell exosome-derived miR-142-3p as a pathogenic driver of immunopathology in SS. We first document miR-142-3p expression in the salivary glands of patients with SS, both in epithelial gland cells and within T cells of the inflammatory infiltrate, but not in healthy volunteers. Next, we show that activated T cells secreted exosomes containing miR-142-3p, which transferred into glandular cells. Finally, we uncover a functional role of miR-142-3p-containing exosomes in glandular cell dysfunction. We find that miR-142-3p targets key elements of intracellular Ca2+ signaling and cAMP production - sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2b (SERCA2B), ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2), and adenylate cyclase 9 (AC9) - leading to restricted cAMP production, altered calcium signaling, and decreased protein production from salivary gland cells. Our work provides evidence for a functional role of the miR-142-3p in SS pathogenesis and promotes the concept that T cell activation may directly impair epithelial cell function through secretion of miRNA-containing exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cortes-Troncoso
- Sjögren's Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit.,Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, and
| | - Shyh-Ing Jang
- Sjögren's Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit
| | - Paola Perez
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jorge Hidalgo
- Program of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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11
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Abstract
Commensal microbiomes exert critical functions at barrier sites. In particular, establishment of the commensal microbiome after birth dictates immune functionality and tissue homeostasis at mucosal surfaces. To investigate the establishment and stability of the oral mucosal microbiome in mice, we evaluated oral microbiome communities shortly after birth, through adulthood, and up to 1 y of life in a controlled manner, using sequential oral samples from the same mice over time. We further evaluated transmissibility of oral microbiomes from parents and during cohousing experiments and evaluated susceptibility to oral inflammatory disease in mice harboring distinct microbiomes. Our work reveals basic principles in the establishment and stability of a health-associated oral microbiome after birth and provides insights that may be important for host-microbiome experimentation in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Abusleme
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory for Craniofacial Translational Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - H O'Gorman
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - N Dutzan
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory for Craniofacial Translational Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - T Greenwell-Wild
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - N M Moutsopoulos
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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12
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Dutzan N, Kajikawa T, Abusleme L, Greenwell-Wild T, Zuazo CE, Ikeuchi T, Brenchley L, Abe T, Hurabielle C, Martin D, Morell RJ, Freeman AF, Lazarevic V, Trinchieri G, Diaz PI, Holland SM, Belkaid Y, Hajishengallis G, Moutsopoulos NM. A dysbiotic microbiome triggers T H17 cells to mediate oral mucosal immunopathology in mice and humans. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/463/eaat0797. [PMID: 30333238 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat0797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most common human inflammatory diseases, yet the mechanisms that drive immunopathology and could be therapeutically targeted are not well defined. Here, we demonstrate an expansion of resident memory T helper 17 (TH17) cells in human periodontitis. Phenocopying humans, TH17 cells expanded in murine experimental periodontitis through local proliferation. Unlike homeostatic oral TH17 cells, which accumulate in a commensal-independent and interleukin-6 (IL-6)-dependent manner, periodontitis-associated expansion of TH17 cells was dependent on the local dysbiotic microbiome and required both IL-6 and IL-23. TH17 cells and associated neutrophil accumulation were necessary for inflammatory tissue destruction in experimental periodontitis. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of TH17 cell differentiation conferred protection from immunopathology. Studies in a unique patient population with a genetic defect in TH17 cell differentiation established human relevance for our murine experimental studies. In the oral cavity, human TH17 cell defects were associated with diminished periodontal inflammation and bone loss, despite increased prevalence of recurrent oral fungal infections. Our study highlights distinct functions of TH17 cells in oral immunity and inflammation and paves the way to a new targeted therapeutic approach for the treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dutzan
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Unit, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, 8380492 Santiago, Chile
| | - Tetsuhiro Kajikawa
- Department of Microbiology, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Loreto Abusleme
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Unit, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, 8380492 Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Carlos E Zuazo
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Unit, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tomoko Ikeuchi
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Unit, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Laurie Brenchley
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Unit, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Toshiharu Abe
- Department of Microbiology, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Charlotte Hurabielle
- Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, MD 20892, USA.,Inserm U976, Hôpital Saint Louis, Université Paris Diderot, Paris 75010, France
| | - Daniel Martin
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, NIDCD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert J Morell
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, NIDCD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexandra F Freeman
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vanja Lazarevic
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Patricia I Diaz
- School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, MD 20892, USA
| | - George Hajishengallis
- Department of Microbiology, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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13
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Abusleme L, Diaz PI, Freeman AF, Greenwell-Wild T, Brenchley L, Desai JV, Ng WI, Holland SM, Lionakis MS, Segre JA, Kong HH, Moutsopoulos NM. Human defects in STAT3 promote oral mucosal fungal and bacterial dysbiosis. JCI Insight 2018; 3:122061. [PMID: 30185668 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in patients with genetic defects can provide unique insights regarding the role of specific genes and pathways in humans. Patients with defects in the Th17/IL-17 axis, such as patients harboring loss-of-function STAT3 mutations (autosomal-dominant hyper IgE syndrome; AD-HIES) present with recurrent oral fungal infections. Our studies aimed to comprehensively evaluate consequences of STAT3 deficiency on the oral commensal microbiome. We characterized fungal and bacterial communities in AD-HIES in the presence and absence of oral fungal infection compared with healthy volunteers. Analyses of oral mucosal fungal communities in AD-HIES revealed severe dysbiosis with dominance of Candida albicans (C. albicans) in actively infected patients and minimal representation of health-associated fungi and/or opportunists. Bacterial communities also displayed dysbiosis in AD-HIES, particularly in the setting of active Candida infection. Active candidiasis was associated with decreased microbial diversity and enrichment of the streptococci Streptococcus oralis (S. oralis) and S. mutans, suggesting an interkingdom interaction of C. albicans with oral streptococci. Increased abundance of S. mutans was consistent with susceptibility to dental caries in AD-HIES. Collectively, our findings illustrate a critical role for STAT3/Th17 in the containment of C. albicans as a commensal organism and an overall contribution in the establishment of fungal and bacterial oral commensal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto Abusleme
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Unit, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia I Diaz
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, UConn Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | - Laurie Brenchley
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Unit, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Heidi H Kong
- Cutaneous Microbiome and Inflammation Section, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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14
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Abusleme L, Diaz PI, Freeman AF, Greenwell-Wild T, Brenchley L, Desai JV, Ng WI, Holland SM, Lionakis MS, Segre JA, Kong HH, Moutsopoulos NM. Human defects in STAT3 promote oral mucosal fungal and bacterial dysbiosis. JCI Insight 2018. [PMID: 30185668 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.1220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies in patients with genetic defects can provide unique insights regarding the role of specific genes and pathways in humans. Patients with defects in the Th17/IL-17 axis, such as patients harboring loss-of-function STAT3 mutations (autosomal-dominant hyper IgE syndrome; AD-HIES) present with recurrent oral fungal infections. Our studies aimed to comprehensively evaluate consequences of STAT3 deficiency on the oral commensal microbiome. We characterized fungal and bacterial communities in AD-HIES in the presence and absence of oral fungal infection compared with healthy volunteers. Analyses of oral mucosal fungal communities in AD-HIES revealed severe dysbiosis with dominance of Candida albicans (C. albicans) in actively infected patients and minimal representation of health-associated fungi and/or opportunists. Bacterial communities also displayed dysbiosis in AD-HIES, particularly in the setting of active Candida infection. Active candidiasis was associated with decreased microbial diversity and enrichment of the streptococci Streptococcus oralis (S. oralis) and S. mutans, suggesting an interkingdom interaction of C. albicans with oral streptococci. Increased abundance of S. mutans was consistent with susceptibility to dental caries in AD-HIES. Collectively, our findings illustrate a critical role for STAT3/Th17 in the containment of C. albicans as a commensal organism and an overall contribution in the establishment of fungal and bacterial oral commensal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto Abusleme
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Unit, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia I Diaz
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, UConn Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | - Laurie Brenchley
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Unit, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Heidi H Kong
- Cutaneous Microbiome and Inflammation Section, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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15
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Dutzan N, Abusleme L, Bridgeman H, Greenwell-Wild T, Zangerle-Murray T, Fife ME, Bouladoux N, Linley H, Brenchley L, Wemyss K, Trinchieri G, Diaz PI, Belkaid Y, Konkel JE, Moutsopoulos NM. Microbiota-independent mechanisms shape Th17 homeostatic responses at the oral barrier. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.71.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
At barrier sites, resident immune cell populations help to maintain tissue homeostasis and function. These cells receive and integrate key signals from the local environment including stromal/epithelial cells and the commensal microbiome. Studies of the skin and gastrointestinal tract have revealed the importance of these signals for the development of host immune response. However, which commensal or tissue-specific cues are important for the immune system at the oral barrier remains minimally explored. Th17 cells have been described as key mediators of immunity at the oral barrier but also essential for periodontitis, a highly prevalent inflammatory pathology that affects the gingiva. In this study we focused in the identification of the mechanisms controlling the induction and regulation of Th17 cells in the gingiva. Our data show that IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells increase with age and their accumulation at the oral barrier occurs independently of commensal colonization. Moreover, we demonstrate that IL-6 elicited by physiological mechanical damage during mastication shapes the function of T cells at the oral mucosa, promoting Th17 differentiation. Finally, we observe that long-term mechanical damage through mastication induces IL-17 mediated bone loss at the gingival barrier. Our data highlight the notion that a variety of signals may be essential to shape the immune responses at different barrier sites, and particularly at the oral cavity, unique mechanisms modulates homeostatic and also pathogenic Th17 responses.
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16
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Dutzan N, Abusleme L, Bridgeman H, Greenwell-Wild T, Zangerle-Murray T, Fife ME, Bouladoux N, Linley H, Brenchley L, Wemyss K, Calderon G, Hong BY, Break TJ, Bowdish DME, Lionakis MS, Jones SA, Trinchieri G, Diaz PI, Belkaid Y, Konkel JE, Moutsopoulos NM. On-going Mechanical Damage from Mastication Drives Homeostatic Th17 Cell Responses at the Oral Barrier. Immunity 2017; 46:133-147. [PMID: 28087239 PMCID: PMC5263257 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Immuno-surveillance networks operating at barrier sites are tuned by local tissue cues to ensure effective immunity. Site-specific commensal bacteria provide key signals ensuring host defense in the skin and gut. However, how the oral microbiome and tissue-specific signals balance immunity and regulation at the gingiva, a key oral barrier, remains minimally explored. In contrast to the skin and gut, we demonstrate that gingiva-resident T helper 17 (Th17) cells developed via a commensal colonization-independent mechanism. Accumulation of Th17 cells at the gingiva was driven in response to the physiological barrier damage that occurs during mastication. Physiological mechanical damage, via induction of interleukin 6 (IL-6) from epithelial cells, tailored effector T cell function, promoting increases in gingival Th17 cell numbers. These data highlight that diverse tissue-specific mechanisms govern education of Th17 cell responses and demonstrate that mechanical damage helps define the immune tone of this important oral barrier. Distinct signals shape the Th17 cell network at the oral barrier Oral barrier Th17 cells develop independently of commensal microbe colonization Physiologic damage through mastication promotes the generation of oral Th17 cells Barrier damage triggers oral Th17-cell-mediated protective immunity and inflammation
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dutzan
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Unit, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Loreto Abusleme
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Unit, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hayley Bridgeman
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | | | - Tamsin Zangerle-Murray
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Mark E Fife
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Nicolas Bouladoux
- Immunity at Barrier Sites Initiative, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Holly Linley
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Laurie Brenchley
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Unit, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kelly Wemyss
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Gloria Calderon
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Unit, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bo-Young Hong
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, UConn Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Timothy J Break
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dawn M E Bowdish
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | | | - Simon A Jones
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Patricia I Diaz
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, UConn Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- Immunity at Barrier Sites Initiative, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joanne E Konkel
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK.
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Dutzan N, Konkel JE, Greenwell-Wild T, Moutsopoulos NM. Characterization of the human immune cell network at the gingival barrier. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:1163-1172. [PMID: 26732676 PMCID: PMC4820049 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The oral mucosa is a barrier site constantly exposed to rich and diverse commensal microbial communities, yet little is known of the immune cell network maintaining immune homeostasis at this interface. We have performed a detailed characterization of the immune cell subsets of the oral cavity in a large cohort of healthy subjects. We focused our characterization on the gingival interface, a particularly vulnerable mucosal site, with thin epithelial lining and constant exposure to the tooth adherent biofilm. In health, we find a predominance of T cells, minimal B cells, a large presence of granulocytes/neutrophils, a sophisticated network of professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and a small population of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) policing the gingival barrier. We further characterize cellular subtypes in health and interrogate shifts in immune cell populations in the common oral inflammatory disease periodontitis. In disease, we document an increase in neutrophils and an upregulation of interleukin-17 (IL-17) responses. We identify the main source of IL-17 in health and Periodontitis within the CD4(+) T-cell compartment. Collectively, our studies provide a first view of the landscape of physiologic oral immunity and serve as a baseline for the characterization of local immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dutzan
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Unit, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joanne E. Konkel
- Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Moutsopoulos NM, Chalmers NI, Barb JJ, Abusleme L, Greenwell-Wild T, Dutzan N, Paster BJ, Munson PJ, Fine DH, Uzel G, Holland SM. Subgingival microbial communities in Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency and their relationship with local immunopathology. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004698. [PMID: 25741691 PMCID: PMC4351202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency I (LAD-I) is a primary immunodeficiency caused by single gene mutations in the CD18 subunit of β2 integrins which result in defective transmigration of neutrophils into the tissues. Affected patients suffer from recurrent life threatening infections and severe oral disease (periodontitis). Microbial communities in the local environment (subgingival plaque) are thought to be the triggers for inflammatory periodontitis, yet little is known regarding the microbial communities associated with LAD-I periodontitis. Here we present the first comprehensive characterization of the subgingival communities in LAD-I, using a 16S rRNA gene-based microarray, and investigate the relationship of this tooth adherent microbiome to the local immunopathology of periodontitis. We show that the LAD subgingival microbiome is distinct from that of health and Localized Aggressive Periodontitits. Select periodontitis-associated species in the LAD microbiome included Parvimonas micra, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Eubacterium brachy and Treponema species. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a bacterium not typically found in subgingival plaque is detected in LAD-I. We suggest that microbial products from LAD-associated communities may have a role in stimulating the local inflammatory response. We demonstrate that bacterial LPS translocates into the lesions of LAD-periodontitis potentially triggering immunopathology. We also show in in vitro assays with human macrophages and in vivo in animal models that microbial products from LAD-associated subgingival plaque trigger IL-23-related immune responses, which have been shown to dominate in patient lesions. In conclusion, our current study characterizes the subgingival microbial communities in LAD-periodontitis and supports their role as triggers of disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki M. Moutsopoulos
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Unit, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Natalia I. Chalmers
- Clinical Research Core, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jennifer J. Barb
- Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Loreto Abusleme
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Unit, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Teresa Greenwell-Wild
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Unit, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nicolas Dutzan
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Unit, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bruce J. Paster
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Peter J. Munson
- Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Daniel H. Fine
- Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Gulbu Uzel
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Steven M. Holland
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Greenwell-Wild T, Moutsopoulos NM, Gliozzi M, Kapsogeorgou E, Rangel Z, Munson PJ, Moutsopoulos HM, Wahl SM. Chitinases in the salivary glands and circulation of patients with Sjögren's syndrome: macrophage harbingers of disease severity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 63:3103-15. [PMID: 21618203 DOI: 10.1002/art.30465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology that targets salivary and lacrimal glands and may be accompanied by multiorgan systemic manifestations. To further the understanding of immunopathology associated with SS and identify potential therapeutic targets, we undertook the present study comparing the gene expression profiles of salivary glands with severe inflammation versus those of salivary glands with mild or no disease. METHODS Using microarray profiling of salivary gland tissue from patients with SS and control subjects, we identified target genes, which were further characterized in tissue, serum, and cultured cell populations by real-time polymerase chain reaction and protein analysis. RESULTS Among the most highly expressed SS genes were those associated with myeloid cells, including members of the mammalian chitinase family, which had not previously been shown to be associated with exocrinopathies. Both chitinase 3-like protein 1 and chitinase 1, highly conserved chitinase-like glycoproteins (one with enzymatic activity and one lacking enzymatic activity), were evident at the transcriptome level and were detected within inflamed tissue. Chitinases were expressed during monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and their levels augmented by stimulation with cytokines, including interferon-α (IFNα). CONCLUSION Because elevated expression of these and other macrophage-derived molecules corresponded with more severe SS, the present observations suggest that macrophages have potential immunopathologic involvement in SS and that the tissue macrophage transcription profile reflects multiple genes induced by IFNα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Greenwell-Wild
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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Hubbard JJ, Greenwell-Wild T, Barrett L, Yang J, Lempicki RA, Wahl SM, Asmuth DM, Murphy RL, Pollard RB, Kottilil S. Host gene expression changes correlating with anti-HIV-1 effects in human subjects after treatment with peginterferon Alfa-2a. J Infect Dis 2012; 205:1443-7. [PMID: 22454462 PMCID: PMC3324397 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether interferon-inducible genes (IFIGs) with known anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity in vitro were associated with in vivo virological response in HIV infection. Nine untreated HIV-1-infected volunteers were treated for 12 weeks with peginterferon alfa-2a. A subset of IFIGs (23 of 47) increased compared with baseline through 6 weeks beyond therapy, and 10 of the 23 IFIGs significantly inversely correlated (r = -0.7; P < .05) with virological response. The strength of peginterferon alfa-2a-induced IFIG response significantly correlated with declines in HIV load during treatment (r(2) = 0.87, p = .003). This study links HIV virological response to a specific IFIG subset, a potential prognostic indicator in peginterferon alfa-2a-treated patients with HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J. Hubbard
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and
| | - Teresa Greenwell-Wild
- Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and
| | - Lisa Barrett
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and
| | - Jun Yang
- SAIC-Frederick Inc, Frederick, Maryland
| | | | - Sharon M. Wahl
- Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and
| | | | | | | | - Shyam Kottilil
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and
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Wen J, Nikitakis NG, Chaisuparat R, Greenwell-Wild T, Gliozzi M, Jin W, Adli A, Moutsopoulos N, Wu T, Warburton G, Wahl SM. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) expression and tumor invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Pathol 2011; 178:2866-78. [PMID: 21641406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Differential expression of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) impacts on tumor progression. SLPI directly inhibits elastase and other serine proteases, and regulates matrix metalloproteinases, plasminogen activation, and plasmin downstream targets to influence invasion. We examined tissues from human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) for SLPI expression in parallel with proteases associated with tumor progression and evaluated their relationships using tumor cell lines. Significantly decreased SLPI was detected in OSCC compared to normal oral epithelium. Furthermore, an inverse correlation between SLPI and histological parameters associated with tumor progression, including stage of invasion, pattern of invasion, invasive cell grade, and composite histological tumor score was evident. Conversely, elevated plasmin and elastase were positively correlated with histological parameters of tumor invasion. In addition to its known inhibition of elastase, we identify SLPI as a novel inhibitor of plasminogen activation through its interaction with annexin A2 with concomitant reduced plasmin generation by macrophages and OSCC cell lines. In an in vitro assay measuring invasive activity, SLPI blocked protease-dependent tumor cell migration. Our data suggest that SLPI may possess antitumorigenic activity by virtue of its ability to interfere with multiple requisite proteolytic steps underlying tumor cell invasion and may provide insight into potential stratification of oral cancer according to risk of occult metastasis, guiding treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wen
- Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
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Abstract
Macrophages in the gastrointestinal mucosa represent the largest pool of tissue macrophages in the body. In order to maintain mucosal homeostasis, resident intestinal macrophages uniquely do not express the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) co-receptor CD14 or the IgA (CD89) and IgG (CD16, 32, and 64) receptors, yet prominently display Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 3-9. Remarkably, intestinal macrophages also do not produce proinflammatory cytokines in response to TLR ligands, likely because of extracellular matrix (stromal) transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) dysregulation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB signal proteins and, via Smad signaling, expression of IκBα, thereby inhibiting NF-κB-mediated activities. Thus, in noninflamed mucosa, resident macrophages are inflammation anergic but retain avid scavenger and host defense function, an ideal profile for macrophages in close proximity to gut microbiota. In the event of impaired epithelial integrity during intestinal infection or inflammation, however, blood monocytes also accumulate in the lamina propria and actively pursue invading microorganisms through uptake and degradation of the organism and release of inflammatory mediators. Consequently, resident intestinal macrophages are inflammation adverse, but when the need arises, they receive assistance from newly recruited circulating monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- PD Smith
- Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology) University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama 35294-2182, USA
| | - LE Smythies
- Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology) University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama 35294-2182, USA
| | - R Shen
- Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology) University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama 35294-2182, USA
| | - T Greenwell-Wild
- Oral Infection and Immunity Branch National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD 20892-4352, USA
| | - M Gliozzi
- Oral Infection and Immunity Branch National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD 20892-4352, USA
| | - SM Wahl
- Oral Infection and Immunity Branch National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD 20892-4352, USA
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23
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Greenwell-Wild T, Moutsopoulos N, Gliozzi M, Kapsogeorgou E, Rangel Z, Munson P, Moutsopoulos H, Wahl S. Expression of chitinase-like proteins in inflamed tissues of Sjögren’s Syndrome (SS) patients (135.6). The Journal of Immunology 2010. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.184.supp.135.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
SS represents a chronic autoimmune disease of salivary and lacrimal glands that may be accompanied by multi-organ systemic manifestations. Among the locally involved innate immune defense populations are macrophages, which have been linked to IL-12 and IL-23 that moderate T lymphocyte lineage commitment. To further an understanding of the immunopathologic sequelae associated with SS and to define therapeutic targets, we performed microarray analysis of target tissues from SS patients with severe histopathologic lesions compared to those with sicca symptomatology but negative minor salivary gland biopsy. We identified the expression of multiple genes, including members of the mammalian chitinase family, not previously associated with exocrinopathies, among the most highly expressed SS genes as compared to diseased, but non-SS tissues. Both chitinase-3-like-1 (CHI3L1/YKL-40) and chitinase 1 (CHIT1), highly conserved members of the mammalian chitinase-like glycoprotein family, one with and one lacking enzymatic activity, were evident at the transcriptome levels, as well as detected as glycoproteins within inflamed salivary glands. Monocyte to macrophage differentiation is accompanied by an increase in chitinase expression, which can be augmented by cytokine exposure. Since the elevated expression of these molecules corresponded with more advanced disease in SS patients, these observations suggested a potential immunopathologic involvement.
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Greenwell-Wild T, Vázquez N, Jin W, Rangel Z, Munson PJ, Wahl SM. Interleukin-27 inhibition of HIV-1 involves an intermediate induction of type I interferon. Blood 2009; 114:1864-74. [PMID: 19556424 PMCID: PMC2738572 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-03-211540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection of CD4(+) chemokine coreceptor(+) targets by HIV is aided and abetted by the proficiency of HIV in eliminating or neutralizing host cell-derived defensive molecules. Among these innate protective molecules, a family of intracellular apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) cytidine deaminases, is constitutively expressed but inactivated by HIV viral infectivity factor. The ability of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) to augment cytidine deaminases offered the possibility that the balance between virus and target cell might be altered in favor of the host. Further characterization of transcriptional profiles induced by IFN-alpha using microarrays, with the intention to identify and dissociate retroviral countermaneuvers from associated toxicities, revealed multiple molecules with suspected antiviral activity, including IL-27. To establish whether IFN-alpha toxicity might be sidestepped through the use of downstream IL-27 against HIV, we examined whether IL-27 directly regulated cytidine deaminases. Although IL-27 induces APOBECs, it does so in a delayed fashion. Dissecting the underlying regulatory events uncovered an initial IL-27-dependent induction of IFN-alpha and/or IFN-beta, which in turn, induces APOBEC3, inhibited by IFN-alpha/beta receptor blockade. In addition to macrophages, the IL-27-IFN-alpha connection is operative in CD4(+) T cells, consistent with an IFN-alpha-dependent pathway underlying host cell defense to HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Greenwell-Wild
- Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4352, USA
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25
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Peng G, Greenwell-Wild T, Nares S, Jin W, Lei KJ, Rangel ZG, Munson PJ, Wahl SM. Myeloid differentiation and susceptibility to HIV-1 are linked to APOBEC3 expression. Blood 2007; 110:393-400. [PMID: 17371941 PMCID: PMC1896122 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-10-051763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2006] [Accepted: 02/16/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 recognition by, interaction with, and/or infection of CD4(+)CCR5(+) tissue macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) play important roles in HIV-1 transmission and pathogenesis. By comparison, circulating CD4(+)CCR5(+) monocytes appear relatively resistant to HIV-1, and a fundamental unresolved question involves deciphering restriction factors unique to this precursor population. Not only do monocytes, relative to macrophages, possess higher levels of the innate resistance factor APOBEC3G, but we uncovered APOBEC3A, not previously associated with anti-HIV activity, as being critical in monocyte resistance. Inversely correlated with susceptibility, silencing of APOBEC3A renders monocytes vulnerable to HIV-1. Differences in promiscuity of monocytes, macrophages, and DCs can be defined, at least partly, by disparities in APOBEC expression, with implications for enhancing cellular defenses against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Peng
- Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4352, USA
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26
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Vázquez N, Greenwell-Wild T, Rekka S, Orenstein JM, Wahl SM. Mycobacterium avium-induced SOCS contributes to resistance to IFN-gamma-mediated mycobactericidal activity in human macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2006; 80:1136-44. [PMID: 16943387 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0306206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium is an opportunistic pathogen that commonly infects individuals colonized with HIV-1, although it is less frequent in the post-HAART era. These microorganisms invade macrophages after interacting with TLR2 and/or CD14 co-receptors, but signaling pathways promoting survival in macrophages are not well defined. Although IFN-gamma plays an important role in protective immunity against bacterial infections, IFN-gamma responses are compromised in AIDS patients and evidence suggests that exogenous IFN-gamma is inadequate to clear the mycobacteria. To determine the mechanism by which M. avium survives intracellularly, even in the presence of IFN-gamma, we studied the effect of mycobacteria infection in macrophages during early IFN-gamma signaling events. M. avium infected cells exhibited a reduced response to IFN-gamma, with suppressed phosphorylation of STAT-1 compared with uninfected cells. Interaction of M. avium with macrophage receptors increased gene expression of the suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) to diminish IFN responsiveness. Specifically, we observed an increase in mRNA for both SOCS-3 and SOCS-1, which correlates with elevated levels of SOCS protein and positive immunostaining in M. avium/HIV-1 co-infected tissues. We also linked the p38 MAPK signaling pathway to mycobacterial-induced SOCS gene transcription. The induction of SOCS may be part of the strategy that allows the invader to render the macrophages unresponsive to IFN-gamma, which otherwise promotes clearance of the infection. Our data provide new insights into the manipulation of the host response by this opportunistic pathogen and the potential for modulating SOCS to influence the outcome of M. avium infection in immunocompromised hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Vázquez
- Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4352, USA.
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27
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Moutsopoulos NM, Vázquez N, Greenwell-Wild T, Ecevit I, Horn J, Orenstein J, Wahl SM. Regulation of the tonsil cytokine milieu favors HIV susceptibility. J Leukoc Biol 2006; 80:1145-55. [PMID: 16943383 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0306142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal associated lymphoid tissues are major targets of HIV during early infection and disease progression but can also provide a viral safe haven during highly active antiretroviral therapy. Among these tissues, the tonsils remain enigmatic regarding their status as primary and/or secondary sites of retroviral infection. To dissect the mechanisms underlying susceptibility to HIV in this compartment, isolated tonsil cells were studied for phenotypic and functional characteristics, which may account for their permissiveness to infection. For this, tonsil cells and PBMC were infected in parallel with HIV, and viral replication was monitored by p24 ELISA. Our results demonstrate that unstimulated tonsil cells were more readily infected than PBMC with HIV. Phenotypic characterization of the tonsil cells revealed heterogeneous lymphoid populations but with increased expression of early activation markers and the viral co-receptor CXCR4, relative to PBMC, all of which may contribute to viral susceptibility. Furthermore, the cytokine microenvironment appeared to be key in facilitating HIV infection and tonsil-secreted products enhanced HIV infection in PBMC. Of the cytokines detected in the tonsil supernatants, TH2 cytokines, particularly IL-4, promoted HIV infection and replication. Interestingly, this TH2 profile appeared to dominate, even in the presence of the TH1 cytokine IFNgamma and the anti-viral factor IFNalpha, likely due to the enhanced expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins, which may disengage IFN signaling. These and other local environmental factors may render tonsil cells increasingly susceptible to HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki M Moutsopoulos
- Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, 30 Convent Dr., MSC 4352, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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28
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Abstract
Cell surface and intracellular proteins in macrophages influence various steps in the life cycle of lentiviruses. Characterization of these restriction and/or cofactors is essential to understanding how macrophages become unwitting HIV hosts and in fact, can coexist with a heavy viral burden. Although many of the cellular pathways co-opted by HIV in macrophages mimic those seen in CD4+ T cells, emerging evidence reveals cellular constituents of the macrophage, which may be uniquely usurped by HIV. For example, in addition to CD4 and CCR5, membrane annexin II facilitates early steps in infection of macrophages, but not in T cells. Blockade of this pathway effectively diminishes macrophage infection. Viral binding engages a macrophage-centric signaling pathway and a transcriptional profile, including genes such as p21, which benefit the virus. Once inside the cell, multiple host cell molecules are engaged to facilitate virus replication and assembly. Although the macrophage is an enabler, it also possesses innate antiviral mechanisms, including apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme-catalytic polypeptide-like 3G (APOBEC3) family DNA-editing enzymes to inhibit replication of HIV. Differential expression of these enzymes, which are largely neutralized by HIV to protect its rebirth, is associated with resistance or susceptibility to the virus. Higher levels of the cytidine deaminases endow potential HIV targets with a viral shield, and IFN-alpha, a natural inducer of macrophage APOBEC expression, renders macrophages tougher combatants to HIV infection. These and other manipulatable pathways may give the macrophage a fighting chance in its battle against the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Wahl
- Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Building 30, Rm. 320, 30 Convent Dr., MSC 4352, Bethesda, MD 20892-4352, USA.
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29
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Abstract
HIV infection occurs primarily through mucosal surfaces, indicating that protection at mucosal sites may be crucial in prevention and treatment. The host innate and adaptive immune elements provide a level of protection, which differs between mucosal compartments, and appears to be most successful in the oral environment, where transmission is rare. In addition to the distinct oral mucosal architecture and cellular constituents, oral fluids, unlike other mucosal secretions, are rarely a vehicle for HIV infection. Multiple soluble factors may contribute to this antiviral activity, including neutralizing antibodies, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), antiviral peptides such as defensins and cystatins, glycoproteins including thrombospondin and lactoferrin, and complement components. Understanding the antiviral activities of these and other potential resistance factors is becoming increasingly important in attempts to design treatments in the era of HAART resistance. In this regard, the mechanism of anti-HIV action of SLPI has recently been further elucidated by the discovery of its binding protein/receptor, which plays a key role in the infection of macrophages and may consequently be a novel therapeutic target. Continued elucidation of the unique features of mucosal HIV immunology is essential for understanding HIV pathogenesis and for developing effective vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Moutsopoulos
- Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Building 30, Rm. 320, 30 Convent Dr., MSC 4352, Bethesda, MD 20892-4352, USA
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Peng G, Lei KJ, Jin W, Greenwell-Wild T, Wahl SM. Induction of APOBEC3 family proteins, a defensive maneuver underlying interferon-induced anti–HIV-1 activity. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2006. [DOI: 10.1083/jcb1723oia5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Peng G, Lei KJ, Jin W, Greenwell-Wild T, Wahl SM. Induction of APOBEC3 family proteins, a defensive maneuver underlying interferon-induced anti-HIV-1 activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 203:41-6. [PMID: 16418394 PMCID: PMC2118075 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20051512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme-catalytic polypeptide-like 3G (APOBEC3G), a cytidine deaminase, is a recently recognized innate intracellular protein with lethal activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Packaged into progeny virions, APOBEC3G enzymatic activity leads to HIV DNA degradation. As a counterattack, HIV virion infectivity factor (Vif) targets APOBEC3G for proteasomal proteolysis to exclude it from budding virions. Based on the ability of APOBEC3G to antagonize HIV infection, considerable interest hinges on elucidating its mechanism(s) of regulation. In this study, we provide the first evidence that an innate, endogenous host defense factor has the potential to promote APOBEC3G and rebuke the virus-mediated attempt to control its cellular host. We identify interferon (IFN)-α as a potent inducer of APOBEC3G to override HIV Vif neutralization of APOBEC3 proteins that pose a threat to efficient macrophage HIV replication. Our data provide a new dimension by which IFN-α mediates its antiviral activity and suggest a means to render the host nonpermissive for viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Peng
- Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Vázquez N, Greenwell-Wild T, Marinos NJ, Swaim WD, Nares S, Ott DE, Schubert U, Henklein P, Orenstein JM, Sporn MB, Wahl SM. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1-induced macrophage gene expression includes the p21 gene, a target for viral regulation. J Virol 2005; 79:4479-91. [PMID: 15767448 PMCID: PMC1061522 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.7.4479-4491.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to CD4+ T cells, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected macrophages typically resist cell death, support viral replication, and consequently, may facilitate HIV-1 transmission. To elucidate how the virus commandeers the macrophage's intracellular machinery for its benefit, we analyzed HIV-1-infected human macrophages for virus-induced gene transcription by using multiple parameters, including cDNA expression arrays. HIV-1 infection induced the transcriptional regulation of genes associated with host defense, signal transduction, apoptosis, and the cell cycle, among which the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A/p21) gene was the most prominent. p21 mRNA and protein expression followed a bimodal pattern which was initially evident during the early stages of infection, and maximum levels occurred concomitant with active HIV-1 replication. Mechanistically, viral protein R (Vpr) independently regulates p21 expression, consistent with the reduced viral replication and lack of p21 upregulation by a Vpr-negative virus. Moreover, the treatment of macrophages with p21 antisense oligonucleotides or small interfering RNAs reduced HIV-1 infection. In addition, the synthetic triterpenoid and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand, 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO), which is known to influence p21 expression, suppressed viral replication. These data implicate p21 as a pivotal macrophage facilitator of the viral life cycle. Moreover, regulators of p21, such as CDDO, may provide an interventional approach to modulate HIV-1 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Vázquez
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Ma G, Greenwell-Wild T, Lei K, Jin W, Swisher J, Hardegen N, Wild CT, Wahl SM. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor binds to annexin II, a cofactor for macrophage HIV-1 infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 200:1337-46. [PMID: 15545357 PMCID: PMC2211913 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20041115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) at entry portals indicates its involvement in defending the host from pathogens, consistent with the ability of SLPI to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection by an unknown mechanism. We now demonstrate that SLPI binds to the membrane of human macrophages through the phospholipid-binding protein, annexin II. Based on the recent identification of human cell membrane phosphatidylserine (PS) in the outer coat of HIV-1, we define a novel role for annexin II, a PS-binding moiety, as a cellular cofactor supporting macrophage HIV-1 infection. Moreover, this HIV-1 PS interaction with annexin II can be disrupted by SLPI or other annexin II–specific inhibitors. The PS–annexin II connection may represent a new target to prevent HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Ma
- Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, NIDCR, NIH, 30 Convent Dr., MSC4352, Building 30, Room 320, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of CD4+ T lymphocytes leads to their progressive loss, whereas HIV-1-infected macrophages appear to resist HIV-1-mediated apoptotic death. The differential response of these two host-cell populations may be critical in the development of immunodeficiency and long-term persistence of the virus. Multiple contributing factors may favor the macrophage as a resilient host, not only supporting infection by HIV-1 but also promoting replication and persistence of this member of the lentivirus subfamily of primate retroviruses. An encounter between macrophages and R5 virus engages a signal cascade eventuating in transcriptional regulation of multiple genes including those associated with host defense, cell cycle, nuclear factor-kappaB regulation, and apoptosis. It is important that enhanced gene expression is transient, declining to near control levels, and during this quiescent state, the virus continues its life cycle unimpeded. However, when viral replication becomes prominent, an increase in host genes again occurs under the orchestration of viral gene products. This biphasic host response must fulfill the needs of the parasitic virus as viral replication activity occurs and leads to intracellular and cell surface-associated viral budding. Inroads into understanding how HIV-1 co-opts host factors to generate a permissive environment for viral replication and transmission to new viral hosts may provide opportunities for targeted interruption of this lethal process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Wahl
- Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4352, USA.
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Greenwell-Wild T, Vázquez N, Sim D, Schito M, Chatterjee D, Orenstein JM, Wahl SM. Mycobacterium avium infection and modulation of human macrophage gene expression. J Immunol 2002; 169:6286-97. [PMID: 12444135 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.11.6286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium is a facultative intracellular pathogen cleared rapidly via intact host defense mechanisms. In the absence of adequate T cell function, as occurs in HIV-1-induced immunodeficiency, M. avium becomes an opportunistic infection with uncontrolled replication and reinfection of macrophage hosts. How M. avium infects, survives, and replicates in macrophages without signaling an effective microbicidal counterattack is unresolved. To address whether M. avium signals the expression of molecules, which influence mycobacterial survival or clearance, human monocyte-derived macrophage cultures were exposed to M. avium. Within minutes, M. avium, or its cell wall lipoarabinomannan, binds to the adherent macrophages and induces a spectrum of gene expression. In this innate response, the most abundant genes detected within 2 h by cDNA expression array involved proinflammatory chemokines, cytokines including TNF-alpha and IL-1, and adhesion molecules. Associated with this rapid initial up-regulation of recruitment and amplification molecules was enhanced expression of transcription factors and signaling molecules. By 24 h, this proinflammatory response subsided, and after 4 days, when some bacteria were being degraded, others escaped destruction to replicate within intracellular vacuoles. Under these conditions, inducible NO synthase was not up-regulated and increased transferrin receptors may facilitate iron-dependent mycobacterial growth. Sustained adhesion molecule and chemokine expression along with the formation of multinucleated giant cells appeared consistent with in vivo events. Thus, in the absence of T lymphocyte mediators, macrophages are insufficiently microbicidal and provide a nonhostile environment in which mycobacteria not only survive and replicate, but continue to promote recruitment of new macrophages to perpetuate the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Greenwell-Wild
- Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Hale-Donze H, Greenwell-Wild T, Mizel D, Doherty TM, Chatterjee D, Orenstein JM, Wahl SM. Mycobacterium avium complex promotes recruitment of monocyte hosts for HIV-1 and bacteria. J Immunol 2002; 169:3854-62. [PMID: 12244182 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.7.3854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In lymphoid tissues coinfected with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and HIV-1, increased viral replication has been observed. This study investigates the role of MAC in perpetuating both infections through the recruitment of monocytes as potential new hosts for bacteria and HIV-1. Increased numbers of macrophages were present in the lymph nodes of patients with dual infection as compared with lymph nodes from HIV(+) patients with no known opportunistic pathogens. In a coculture system, monocyte-derived macrophages were treated with HIV-1 or M. avium and its constituents to further define the mechanism whereby MAC infection of macrophages initiates monocyte migration. Monocyte-derived macrophages treated with bacteria or bacterial products, but not HIV-1, induced a rapid 2- to 3-fold increase in recruitment of monocytes. Pretreatment of the monocytes with pertussis toxin inhibited the migration of these cells, indicating a G protein-linked pathway is necessary for induction of chemotaxis and thus suggesting the involvement of chemokines. Analysis of chemokine mRNA and protein levels from M. avium-treated cultures revealed MAC-induced increases in the expression of IL-8, macrophage-inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, and MIP-1beta with donor-dependent changes in monocyte chemotactic protein-1. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, an antioxidant, inhibited the activation of NF-kappaB and significantly diminished the MAC-induced chemotaxis, concurrently lowering the levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and MIP-1beta. These data demonstrate that MAC induces macrophage production of multiple chemotactic factors via NF-kappaB to promote monocyte migration to sites of MAC infection. In vivo, opportunistic infection may act as a recruitment mechanism in which newly arrived monocytes serve as naive hosts for both MAC and HIV-1, thus perpetuating both infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hollie Hale-Donze
- Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, and Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Ashcroft GS, Lei K, Jin W, Longenecker G, Kulkarni AB, Greenwell-Wild T, Hale-Donze H, McGrady G, Song XY, Wahl SM. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor mediates non-redundant functions necessary for normal wound healing. Nat Med 2000; 6:1147-53. [PMID: 11017147 DOI: 10.1038/80489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is a serine protease inhibitor with anti-microbial properties found in mucosal fluids. It is expressed during cutaneous wound healing. Impaired healing states are characterized by excessive proteolysis and often bacterial infection, leading to the hypothesis that SLPI may have a role in this process. We have generated mice null for the gene encoding SLPI (Slpi), which show impaired cutaneous wound healing with increased inflammation and elastase activity. The altered inflammatory profile involves enhanced activation of local TGF-beta in Slpi-null mice. We propose that SLPI is a pivotal endogenous factor necessary for optimal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Ashcroft
- Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research, Building 30, 30 Convent Drive, MSC 4352, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Wahl SM, Greenwell-Wild T, Hale-Donze H, Moutsopoulos N, Orenstein JM. Permissive factors for HIV-1 infection of macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2000; 68:303-10. [PMID: 10985244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunodeficiency, the consequence of HIV-1 infection, predisposes the host to opportunistic infections. In turn, opportunistic pathogens influence target cell susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and replication. Although the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has altered these sequelae, co-infections may prevail in some parts of the world and in failed HAART regimens. Moreover, immune activation as occurs in tonsil and non-infectious mucosal inflammatory lesions may also be associated with proximal sites of viral replication. These connections between enhancement of HIV-1 infection and activation/inflammation warrant further elucidation of the factors promoting permissiveness to HIV-1 infection. Using the opportunistic pathogen Mycobacterium avium as an in vitro model, we demonstrated that co-infection facilitated HIV-1 infection of monocyte-macrophages by multiple pathways. M. avium activated NF-kappaB, the downstream consequences of which included augmented expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha and CCR5 receptors, both permissive for sustaining HIV-1 infection. Pronounced viral replication in lymph nodes co-infected with M. avium and HIV-1 paralleled these in vitro findings. Furthermore, reduction in viral burden is associated with treatment of infected or inflamed tissues, underscoring the link between immune activation and viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Wahl
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4352, USA.
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Ashcroft GS, Greenwell-Wild T, Horan MA, Wahl SM, Ferguson MW. Topical estrogen accelerates cutaneous wound healing in aged humans associated with an altered inflammatory response. Am J Pathol 1999; 155:1137-46. [PMID: 10514397 PMCID: PMC1867002 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65217-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of intrinsic aging on the cutaneous wound healing process are profound, and the resulting acute and chronic wound morbidity imposes a substantial burden on health services. We have investigated the effects of topical estrogen on cutaneous wound healing in healthy elderly men and women, and related these effects to the inflammatory response and local elastase levels, an enzyme known to be up-regulated in impaired wound healing states. Eighteen health status-defined females (mean age, 74.4 years) and eighteen males (mean age, 70.7 years) were randomized in a double-blind study to either active estrogen patch or identical placebo patch attached for 24 hours to the upper inner arm, through which two 4-mm punch biopsies were made. The wounds were excised at either day 7 or day 80 post-wounding. Compared to placebo, estrogen treatment increased the extent of wound healing in both males and females with a decrease in wound size at day 7, increased collagen levels at both days 7 and 80, and increased day 7 fibronectin levels. In addition, estrogen enhanced the strength of day 80 wounds. Estrogen treatment was associated with a decrease in wound elastase levels secondary to reduced neutrophil numbers, and decreased fibronectin degradation. In vitro studies using isolated human neutrophils indicate that one mechanism underlying the altered inflammatory response involves both a direct inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis by estrogen and an altered expression of neutrophil adhesion molecules. These data demonstrate that delays in wound healing in the elderly can be significantly diminished by topical estrogen in both male and female subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Ashcroft
- Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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40
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Ashcroft GS, Yang X, Glick AB, Weinstein M, Letterio JL, Mizel DE, Anzano M, Greenwell-Wild T, Wahl SM, Deng C, Roberts AB. Mice lacking Smad3 show accelerated wound healing and an impaired local inflammatory response. Nat Cell Biol 1999; 1:260-6. [PMID: 10559937 DOI: 10.1038/12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 720] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The generation of animals lacking SMAD proteins, which transduce signals from transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), has made it possible to explore the contribution of the SMAD proteins to TGF-beta activity in vivo. Here we report that, in contrast to predictions made on the basis of the ability of exogenous TGF-beta to improve wound healing, Smad3-null (Smad3ex8/ex8) mice paradoxically show accelerated cutaneous wound healing compared with wild-type mice, characterized by an increased rate of re-epithelialization and significantly reduced local infiltration of monocytes. Smad3ex8/ex8 keratinocytes show altered patterns of growth and migration, and Smad3ex8/ex8 monocytes exhibit a selectively blunted chemotactic response to TGF-beta. These data are, to our knowledge, the first to implicate Smad3 in specific pathways of tissue repair and in the modulation of keratinocyte and monocyte function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Ashcroft
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation and Carcinogenesis, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-5055, USA
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Wahl SM, Greenwell-Wild T, Peng G, Hale-Donze H, Orenstein JM. Co-infection with opportunistic pathogens promotes human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in macrophages. J Infect Dis 1999; 179 Suppl 3:S457-60. [PMID: 10099119 DOI: 10.1086/314814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is dependent on susceptible host cells that express both CD4 and chemokine co-receptors. The co-receptor CCR5 is associated with primary infection by macrophage-tropic virus isolates, whereas CXCR4 is commonly associated with T cell- and dual-tropic viruses. Once infected, lymphocytes and macrophages may replicate HIV-1 or harbor latent virus, depending on environmental factors and cellular activation. Immune activation is often associated with viremia, which is consistent with enhanced infection and viral replication in activated cells harboring virus. In this regard, opportunistic infections activate the immune system with the detrimental sequelae of enhanced viral replication and viremia. Under these conditions, viral expansion extends beyond T cells to tissue macrophages, many of which are co-infected with opportunistic pathogens. The opportunistic infections promote macrophage susceptibility to HIV-1 through cytokine modulation and altered chemokine co-receptors, potential targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Wahl
- Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4352, USA.
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Wahl SM, Greenwell-Wild T, Peng G, Hale-Donze H, Doherty TM, Mizel D, Orenstein JM. Mycobacterium avium complex augments macrophage HIV-1 production and increases CCR5 expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:12574-9. [PMID: 9770527 PMCID: PMC22872 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.21.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/1998] [Accepted: 06/26/1998] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with HIV-1 results in pronounced immune suppression and susceptibility to opportunistic infections (OI). Reciprocally, OI augment HIV-1 replication. As we have shown for Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and Pneumocystis carinii, macrophages infected with opportunistic pathogens and within lymphoid tissues containing OI, exhibit striking levels of viral replication. To explore potential underlying mechanisms for increased HIV-1 replication associated with coinfection, blood monocytes were exposed to MAC antigens (MAg) or viable MAC and their levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and HIV-1 coreceptors monitored. MAC enhanced TNFalpha production in vitro, consistent with its expression in coinfected lymph nodes. Using a polyclonal antibody to the CCR5 coreceptor that mediates viral entry of macrophage tropic HIV-1, a subset of unstimulated monocytes was shown to be CCR5-positive by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. After stimulation with MAg or infection with MAC, CCR5 expression was increased at both the mRNA level and on the cell surface. Up-regulation of CCR5 by MAC was not paralleled by an increase in the T cell tropic coreceptor, CXCR4. Increases in NF-kappaB, TNFalpha, and CCR5 were consistent with the enhanced production of HIV-1 in MAg-treated adherent macrophage cultures as measured by HIV-1 p24 levels. Increased CCR5 was also detected in coinfected lymph nodes as compared with tissues with only HIV-1. The increased production of TNFalpha, together with elevated expression of CCR5, provide potential mechanisms for enhanced infection and replication of HIV-1 by macrophages in OI-infected cells and tissues. Consequently, treating OI may inhibit not only the OI-induced pathology, but also limit the viral burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Wahl
- Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental Research, 30 Convent Drive, MSC 4352, MD 20892, USA.
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