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Gao Y, Wang Y, Chauss D, Villarino AV, Link VM, Nagashima H, Spinner CA, Koparde VN, Bouladoux N, Abers MS, Break TJ, Chopp LB, Park JH, Zhu J, Wiest DL, Leonard WJ, Lionakis MS, O'Shea JJ, Afzali B, Belkaid Y, Lazarevic V. Transcription factor EGR2 controls homing and pathogenicity of T H17 cells in the central nervous system. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1331-1344. [PMID: 37443284 PMCID: PMC10500342 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01553-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
CD4+ T helper 17 (TH17) cells protect barrier tissues but also trigger autoimmunity. The mechanisms behind these opposing processes remain unclear. Here, we found that the transcription factor EGR2 controlled the transcriptional program of pathogenic TH17 cells in the central nervous system (CNS) but not that of protective TH17 cells at barrier sites. EGR2 was significantly elevated in myelin-reactive CD4+ T cells from patients with multiple sclerosis and mice with autoimmune neuroinflammation. The EGR2 transcriptional program was intricately woven within the TH17 cell transcriptional regulatory network and showed high interconnectivity with core TH17 cell-specific transcription factors. Mechanistically, EGR2 enhanced TH17 cell differentiation and myeloid cell recruitment to the CNS by upregulating pathogenesis-associated genes and myelomonocytic chemokines. T cell-specific deletion of Egr2 attenuated neuroinflammation without compromising the host's ability to control infections. Our study shows that EGR2 regulates tissue-specific and disease-specific functions in pathogenic TH17 cells in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Gao
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Chauss
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alejandro V Villarino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Verena M Link
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Nagashima
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Camille A Spinner
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vishal N Koparde
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Sciences, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Nicolas Bouladoux
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael S Abers
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy J Break
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura B Chopp
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jinfang Zhu
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David L Wiest
- Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Warren J Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John J O'Shea
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Behdad Afzali
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vanja Lazarevic
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Solis D, Sibai M, Kung F, Break TJ, Harkins SB, Huang C, Yamamoto F, Sahoo MK, Wohlstadter JN, Sigal GB, Pinsky BA. Evaluation of a multiplexed oligonucleotide ligation assay for SARS-CoV-2 variant identification. J Clin Virol 2023; 162:105444. [PMID: 37043903 PMCID: PMC10076247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 variant surveillance informs vaccine composition and decisions to de-authorize antibody therapies. Though detailed genetic characterization requires whole-genome sequencing, targeted mutation analysis may complement pandemic surveillance efforts. METHODS This study investigated the qualitative performance of a multiplex oligonucleotide ligation assay targeting 19 spike mutations using 192 whole genome sequenced upper respiratory samples representing SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. RESULTS Initial valid results were obtained from 95.8% [95% confidence interval (CI): 92.0 - 98.2; 184/192] of samples. All eight invalid samples were valid on repeat testing. When comparing SARS-CoV-2 oligonucleotide ligase assay SARS-CoV-2 variant calls with whole genome sequencing, overall positive percent agreement was 100% (95% CI: 98.1 - 100.0; 192/192), as was the positive and negative percent agreement for each of the tested variants; Gamma, Delta, Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.4/BA.5. CONCLUSIONS This multiplexed oligonucleotide ligation assays demonstrated accurate SARS-CoV-2 variant typing compared to whole genome sequencing. Such an approach has the potential to provide improved turnaround compared to sequencing and more detailed mutation coverage than RT-qPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Solis
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mamdouh Sibai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Faith Kung
- Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLC., Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | | | - ChunHong Huang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fumiko Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Malaya K Sahoo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Benjamin A Pinsky
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Szabolcs A, Break TJ, Shin IH, Harkins SB, Wohlstadter JN. Abstract 4351: Multiplex detection of G12/G13 KRAS mutations with an electrochemiluminescent hybridization assay. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-4351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose: Oncogenic Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) mutations are the most prevalent cancer mutations in all human tumors. Also, genotyping the KRAS gene has become increasingly important with the emergence of new evidence highlighting differences in downstream signaling pathways, tumor microenvironment composition, treatment responses and prognoses linked to specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the G12 or G13 codons. FDA approval of G12C-specific anti-KRAS drugs highlights the importance of the development of reliable SNP assays to interrogate the mutation status in a tumor sample. Currently available genotyping assays are based on NGS, PCR, or ddPCR. These methods can be time-consuming, costly, suffer from amplification bias, or require follow-up testing or bioinformatics skills to analyze. Building on Meso Scale Discovery’s (MSD) existing technology, we aimed to develop a method for the identification of eight KRAS SNPs located on the G12-G13 codons in a single reaction.
Methods: Ten-spot, 96-well N-PLEX plates were used for the study. SNP-specific upstream probes carrying unique 5′ leader sequences complementary to spot-specific captures on the N-PLEX plates were designed for eight KRAS genotypes (WT, G12R, G12C, G12S, G12A, G12D, G12V, G13D). Locus-specific downstream probes were 5’ phosphorylated for ligation and 3’ biotinylated for detection. Synthetic DNA targets were used as assay calibrators, and commercially available FFPE reference samples were tested for validation. DNA (10 ng) was PCR amplified with primers flanking the KRAS mutation sites. A multiplexed mixture of upstream and downstream probes was hybridized to the amplicons, and 30 cycles of ligation was performed using DNA ligase in a thermal cycler. Samples were subsequently hybridized to spot-specific capture oligonucleotides on the surface of the assay plates and detected with SULFO-TAG labeled streptavidin. Electrochemiluminescence readout was collected on an MSD imager.
Results: Optimization of probe concentrations and ligation temperature was performed to maximize signal-to-background ratios and assay specificity. Spike recovery experiments using artificial target DNA showed successful identification of KRAS mutant genotypes at spike levels as low as 0.1% over wild-type background. Validation experiments with gDNA extracted from FFPE reference samples confirmed that the multiplex SNP assay can accurately differentiate eight KRAS genotypes in samples with >0.4% tumor burden.
Conclusion: These data highlight a novel approach to simultaneously identify eight KRAS genotypes from 10 ng of DNA input in a single reaction within 4-5 hours. The assay is capable of identifying double mutants and can provide a semiquantitative assessment of tumor burden without the need for follow-up testing.
Citation Format: Annamaria Szabolcs, Timothy J. Break, Isaac H. Shin, Seth B. Harkins, Jacob N. Wohlstadter. Multiplex detection of G12/G13 KRAS mutations with an electrochemiluminescent hybridization assay. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4351.
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Oikonomou V, Break TJ, Gaffen SL, Moutsopoulos NM, Lionakis MS. Infections in the monogenic autoimmune syndrome APECED. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 72:286-297. [PMID: 34418591 PMCID: PMC8578378 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is caused by mutations in the Autoimmune Regulator (AIRE) gene, which impair the thymic negative selection of self-reactive T-cells and underlie the development of autoimmunity that targets multiple endocrine and non-endocrine tissues. Beyond autoimmunity, APECED features heightened susceptibility to certain specific infections, which is mediated by anti-cytokine autoantibodies and/or T-cell driven autoimmune tissue injury. These include the 'signature' APECED infection chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC), but also life-threatening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia, bronchiectasis-associated bacterial pneumonia, and sepsis by encapsulated bacteria. Here we discuss the expanding understanding of the immunological mechanisms that contribute to infection susceptibility in this prototypic syndrome of impaired central tolerance, which provide the foundation for devising improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Oikonomou
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy J Break
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarah L Gaffen
- University of Pittsburgh, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - Niki M Moutsopoulos
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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5
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Break TJ, Oikonomou V, Dutzan N, Desai JV, Swidergall M, Freiwald T, Chauss D, Harrison OJ, Alejo J, Williams DW, Pittaluga S, Lee CCR, Bouladoux N, Swamydas M, Hoffman KW, Greenwell-Wild T, Bruno VM, Rosen LB, Lwin W, Renteria A, Pontejo SM, Shannon JP, Myles IA, Olbrich P, Ferré EMN, Schmitt M, Martin D, Barber DL, Solis NV, Notarangelo LD, Serreze DV, Matsumoto M, Hickman HD, Murphy PM, Anderson MS, Lim JK, Holland SM, Filler SG, Afzali B, Belkaid Y, Moutsopoulos NM, Lionakis MS. Response to Comments on "Aberrant type 1 immunity drives susceptibility to mucosal fungal infections". Science 2021; 373:eabi8835. [PMID: 34529475 PMCID: PMC10120387 DOI: 10.1126/science.abi8835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Puel and Casanova and Kisand et al. challenge our conclusions that interferonopathy and not IL-17/IL-22 autoantibodies promote candidiasis in autoimmune polyendocrinopathy–candidiasis–ectodermal dystrophy. We acknowledge that conclusive evidence for causation is difficult to obtain in complex human diseases. However, our studies clearly document interferonopathy driving mucosal candidiasis with intact IL-17/IL-22 responses in Aire-deficient mice, with strong corroborative evidence in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Break
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vasileios Oikonomou
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicolas Dutzan
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jigar V. Desai
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marc Swidergall
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tilo Freiwald
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Chauss
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Oliver J. Harrison
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julie Alejo
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Drake W. Williams
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chyi-Chia R. Lee
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicolas Bouladoux
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Muthulekha Swamydas
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin W. Hoffman
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Teresa Greenwell-Wild
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vincent M. Bruno
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Wint Lwin
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andy Renteria
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sergio M. Pontejo
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John P. Shannon
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, LCIM, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ian A. Myles
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, LCIM, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter Olbrich
- Immunopathogenesis Section, LCIM, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elise M. N. Ferré
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Monica Schmitt
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Martin
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Daniel L. Barber
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Norma V. Solis
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Mitsuru Matsumoto
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | - Philip M. Murphy
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark S. Anderson
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jean K. Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Scott G. Filler
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Behdad Afzali
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Niki M. Moutsopoulos
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michail S. Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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6
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Break TJ, Oikonomou V, Dutzan N, Desai JV, Swidergall M, Freiwald T, Chauss D, Harrison OJ, Alejo J, Williams DW, Pittaluga S, Lee CCR, Bouladoux N, Swamydas M, Hoffman KW, Greenwell-Wild T, Bruno VM, Rosen LB, Lwin W, Renteria A, Pontejo SM, Shannon JP, Myles IA, Olbrich P, Ferré EMN, Schmitt M, Martin D, Barber DL, Solis NV, Notarangelo LD, Serreze DV, Matsumoto M, Hickman HD, Murphy PM, Anderson MS, Lim JK, Holland SM, Filler SG, Afzali B, Belkaid Y, Moutsopoulos NM, Lionakis MS. Aberrant type 1 immunity drives susceptibility to mucosal fungal infections. Science 2021; 371:eaay5731. [PMID: 33446526 PMCID: PMC8326743 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay5731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human monogenic disorders have revealed the critical contribution of type 17 responses in mucosal fungal surveillance. We unexpectedly found that in certain settings, enhanced type 1 immunity rather than defective type 17 responses can promote mucosal fungal infection susceptibility. Notably, in mice and humans with AIRE deficiency, an autoimmune disease characterized by selective susceptibility to mucosal but not systemic fungal infection, mucosal type 17 responses are intact while type 1 responses are exacerbated. These responses promote aberrant interferon-γ (IFN-γ)- and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1)-dependent epithelial barrier defects as well as mucosal fungal infection susceptibility. Concordantly, genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of IFN-γ or Janus kinase (JAK)-STAT signaling ameliorates mucosal fungal disease. Thus, we identify aberrant T cell-dependent, type 1 mucosal inflammation as a critical tissue-specific pathogenic mechanism that promotes mucosal fungal infection susceptibility in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Break
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vasileios Oikonomou
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicolas Dutzan
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jigar V Desai
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marc Swidergall
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tilo Freiwald
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Chauss
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Oliver J Harrison
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julie Alejo
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Drake W Williams
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chyi-Chia R Lee
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicolas Bouladoux
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Muthulekha Swamydas
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin W Hoffman
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Teresa Greenwell-Wild
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vincent M Bruno
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Wint Lwin
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andy Renteria
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sergio M Pontejo
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John P Shannon
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, LCIM, NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ian A Myles
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, LCIM, NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter Olbrich
- Immunopathogenesis Section, LCIM, NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elise M N Ferré
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Monica Schmitt
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Martin
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, NIDCR, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel L Barber
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Norma V Solis
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Mitsuru Matsumoto
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Heather D Hickman
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, LCIM, NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philip M Murphy
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark S Anderson
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jean K Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Scott G Filler
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Behdad Afzali
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Niki M Moutsopoulos
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Ferré EMN, Break TJ, Burbelo PD, Allgäuer M, Kleiner DE, Jin D, Xu Z, Folio LR, Mollura DJ, Swamydas M, Gu W, Hunsberger S, Lee CCR, Bondici A, Hoffman KW, Lim JK, Dobbs K, Niemela JE, Fleisher TA, Hsu AP, Snow LN, Darnell DN, Ojaimi S, Cooper MA, Bozzola M, Kleiner GI, Martinez JC, Deterding RR, Kuhns DB, Heller T, Winer KK, Rajan A, Holland SM, Notarangelo LD, Fennelly KP, Olivier KN, Lionakis MS. Lymphocyte-driven regional immunopathology in pneumonitis caused by impaired central immune tolerance. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/495/eaav5597. [PMID: 31167928 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav5597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED), a monogenic disorder caused by AIRE mutations, presents with several autoimmune diseases. Among these, endocrine organ failure is widely recognized, but the prevalence, immunopathogenesis, and treatment of non-endocrine manifestations such as pneumonitis remain poorly characterized. We enrolled 50 patients with APECED in a prospective observational study and comprehensively examined their clinical and radiographic findings, performed pulmonary function tests, and analyzed immunological characteristics in blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and endobronchial and lung biopsies. Pneumonitis was found in >40% of our patients, presented early in life, was misdiagnosed despite chronic respiratory symptoms and accompanying radiographic and pulmonary function abnormalities, and caused hypoxemic respiratory failure and death. Autoantibodies against BPIFB1 and KCNRG and the homozygous c.967_979del13 AIRE mutation are associated with pneumonitis development. APECED pneumonitis features compartmentalized immunopathology, with accumulation of activated neutrophils in the airways and lymphocytic infiltration in intraepithelial, submucosal, peribronchiolar, and interstitial areas. Beyond APECED, we extend these observations to lung disease seen in other conditions with secondary AIRE deficiency (thymoma and RAG deficiency). Aire-deficient mice had similar compartmentalized cellular immune responses in the airways and lung tissue, which was ameliorated by deficiency of T and B lymphocytes. Accordingly, T and B lymphocyte-directed immunomodulation controlled symptoms and radiographic abnormalities and improved pulmonary function in patients with APECED pneumonitis. Collectively, our findings unveil lung autoimmunity as a common, early, and unrecognized manifestation of APECED and provide insights into the immunopathogenesis and treatment of pulmonary autoimmunity associated with impaired central immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise M N Ferré
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, LCIM, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Timothy J Break
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, LCIM, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter D Burbelo
- Dental Clinical Research Core, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael Allgäuer
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David E Kleiner
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dakai Jin
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center (CC), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ziyue Xu
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center (CC), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Les R Folio
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center (CC), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel J Mollura
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center (CC), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Muthulekha Swamydas
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, LCIM, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wenjuan Gu
- Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (DCR), NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sally Hunsberger
- Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (DCR), NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chyi-Chia R Lee
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anamaria Bondici
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, LCIM, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kevin W Hoffman
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jean K Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kerry Dobbs
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, LCIM, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julie E Niemela
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine (DLM), NIH CC, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas A Fleisher
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine (DLM), NIH CC, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amy P Hsu
- Immunopathogenesis Section, LCIM, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Laquita N Snow
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, LCIM, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dirk N Darnell
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, LCIM, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Samar Ojaimi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Megan A Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Martin Bozzola
- Department of Pediatrics, British Hospital, Perdriel 74, CABA-Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gary I Kleiner
- University of Miami Department of Pediatrics, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Juan C Martinez
- Cystic Fibrosis, Pulmonary, and Sleep Division, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL 33021, USA
| | - Robin R Deterding
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Douglas B Kuhns
- Neutrophil Monitoring Laboratory, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Theo Heller
- Translational Hepatology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Karen K Winer
- Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Arun Rajan
- Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Steven M Holland
- Immunopathogenesis Section, LCIM, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, LCIM, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kevin P Fennelly
- Laboratory of Chronic Airway Infection, Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth N Olivier
- Laboratory of Chronic Airway Infection, Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, LCIM, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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8
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Aggor FEY, Break TJ, Trevejo-Nuñez G, Whibley N, Coleman BM, Bailey RD, Kaplan DH, Naglik JR, Shan W, Shetty AC, McCracken C, Durum SK, Biswas PS, Bruno VM, Kolls JK, Lionakis MS, Gaffen SL. Oral epithelial IL-22/STAT3 signaling licenses IL-17-mediated immunity to oral mucosal candidiasis. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:eaba0570. [PMID: 32503875 PMCID: PMC7340112 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aba0570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC; thrush) is an opportunistic infection caused by the commensal fungus Candida albicans Interleukin-17 (IL-17) and IL-22 are cytokines produced by type 17 lymphocytes. Both cytokines mediate antifungal immunity yet activate quite distinct downstream signaling pathways. While much is now understood about how IL-17 promotes immunity in OPC, the activities of IL-22 are far less well delineated. We show that, despite having similar requirements for induction from type 17 cells, IL-22 and IL-17 function nonredundantly during OPC. We find that the IL-22 and IL-17 receptors are required in anatomically distinct locations within the oral mucosa; loss of IL-22RA1 or signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in the oral basal epithelial layer (BEL) causes susceptibility to OPC, whereas IL-17RA is needed in the suprabasal epithelial layer (SEL). Transcriptional profiling of the tongue linked IL-22/STAT3 not only to oral epithelial cell proliferation and survival but also, unexpectedly, to driving an IL-17-specific gene signature. We show that IL-22 mediates regenerative signals on the BEL that replenish the IL-17RA-expressing SEL, thereby restoring the ability of the oral epithelium to respond to IL-17 and thus to mediate antifungal events. Consequently, IL-22 signaling in BEL "licenses" IL-17 signaling in the oral mucosa, revealing spatially distinct yet cooperative activities of IL-22 and IL-17 in oral candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix E Y Aggor
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Timothy J Break
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Natasha Whibley
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bianca M Coleman
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rachel D Bailey
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel H Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Julian R Naglik
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Wei Shan
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Amol C Shetty
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carrie McCracken
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Scott K Durum
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Partha S Biswas
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vincent M Bruno
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jay K Kolls
- Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarah L Gaffen
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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9
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Break TJ, Desai JV, Healey KR, Natarajan M, Ferre EMN, Henderson C, Zelazny A, Siebenlist U, Yates CM, Cohen OJ, Schotzinger RJ, Perlin DS, Garvey EP, Lionakis MS. VT-1598 inhibits the in vitro growth of mucosal Candida strains and protects against fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant oral candidiasis in IL-17 signalling-deficient mice. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 73:2089-2094. [PMID: 29788070 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) treatment often induces drug resistance, posing long-term challenges. A novel broad-spectrum fungal CYP51 inhibitor, VT-1598, specifically targets fungal CYP51, but not human CYP enzymes. Objectives To determine the efficacy of VT-1598 in the treatment of oral Candida infection caused by fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant clinical isolates. Methods The MICs of VT-1598 and fluconazole for 28 Candida isolates recovered from patients with inherited CMC were determined using CLSI M27-A3 and M27-S4 guidelines. Plasma and tongue VT-1598 or fluconazole concentrations were measured in mice following oral administration to determine tissue distribution. Tongue fungal load was determined in IL-17 signalling-deficient Act1-/- mice following sublingual Candida albicans infection and oral treatment with fluconazole or VT-1598. Results Among the 28 Candida isolates, 10 (36%) had fluconazole MICs of ≥4 mg/L, whereas VT-1598 demonstrated potent in vitro activity against all isolates (MIC90, 0.125 mg/L). After oral administration, VT-1598 levels in mouse plasma and tongue were significantly greater than those of fluconazole. In vivo, VT-1598 exhibited significant efficacy against fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant C. albicans, even at low drug doses. Furthermore, after a 10 day washout period, tongue fungal burdens in fluconazole-treated mice returned to vehicle control levels, whereas, in contrast, they were undetectable in mice treated with VT-1598. Conclusions VT-1598 effectively controls in vitro growth of mucosally derived Candida clinical isolates, including fluconazole-resistant strains. In vivo, VT-1598 eliminates C. albicans, even after a long washout period or at low doses. Therefore, VT-1598 is a promising drug candidate that may significantly improve treatment options for CMC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Break
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jigar V Desai
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kelley R Healey
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Science, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Mukil Natarajan
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elise M N Ferre
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Adrian Zelazny
- NIH Clinical Center/Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ulrich Siebenlist
- Immune Activation Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - David S Perlin
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Science, Newark, NJ, USA
| | | | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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10
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Percopo CM, Ma M, Brenner TA, Krumholz JO, Break TJ, Laky K, Rosenberg HF. Critical Adverse Impact of IL-6 in Acute Pneumovirus Infection. J Immunol 2019; 202:871-882. [PMID: 30578308 PMCID: PMC6365009 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Severe respiratory virus infections feature robust local host responses that contribute to disease severity. Immunomodulatory strategies that limit virus-induced inflammation may be of critical importance, notably in the absence of antiviral vaccines. In this study, we examined the role of the pleiotropic cytokine IL-6 in acute infection with pneumonia virus of mice (PVM), a natural rodent pathogen that is related to respiratory syncytial virus and that generates local inflammation as a feature of severe infection. In contrast to Influenza A, PVM is substantially less lethal in IL-6 -/- mice than it is in wild-type, a finding associated with diminished neutrophil recruitment and reduced fluid accumulation in lung tissue. Ly6Chi proinflammatory monocytes are recruited in response to PVM via a CCR2-dependent mechanism, but they are not a major source of IL-6 nor do they contribute to lethal sequelae of infection. By contrast, alveolar macrophages are readily infected with PVM in vivo; ablation of alveolar macrophages results in prolonged survival in association with a reduction in virus-induced IL-6. Finally, as shown previously, administration of immunobiotic Lactobacillus plantarum to the respiratory tracts of PVM-infected mice promoted survival in association with diminished levels of IL-6. We demonstrated in this study that IL-6 suppression is a critical feature of the protective mechanism; PVM-infected IL-6 -/- mice responded to low doses of L. plantarum, and administration of IL-6 overcame L. plantarum-mediated protection in PVM-infected wild-type mice. Taken together, these results connect the actions of IL-6 to PVM pathogenesis and suggest cytokine blockade as a potential therapeutic modality in severe infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Percopo
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Michelle Ma
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Todd A Brenner
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Julia O Krumholz
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Timothy J Break
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Karen Laky
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Helene F Rosenberg
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
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11
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Break TJ, Desai JV, Natarajan M, Ferre EMN, Henderson C, Zelazny AM, Siebenlist U, Hoekstra WJ, Schotzinger RJ, Garvey EP, Lionakis MS. VT-1161 protects mice against oropharyngeal candidiasis caused by fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant Candida albicans. J Antimicrob Chemother 2018; 73:151-155. [PMID: 29040636 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Candida albicans, the most common human fungal pathogen, causes chronic mucosal infections in patients with inborn errors of IL-17 immunity that rely heavily on chronic, often lifelong, azole antifungal agents for treatment. However, a rise in azole resistance has predicated a need for developing new antifungal drugs. Objectives To test the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of VT-1161 and VT-1129 in the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis with azole-susceptible or -resistant C. albicans strains. Methods MICs of VT-1161, VT-1129 and nine licensed antifungal drugs were determined for 31 Candida clinical isolates. The drug concentrations in mouse serum and tongues were measured following oral administration. IL-17-signalling-deficient Act1-/- mice were infected with fluconazole-susceptible or fluconazole-resistant C. albicans strains, and the amount of mucosal fungal burden was determined after fluconazole or VT-1161 treatment. Results Fourteen isolates (45%) were not fluconazole susceptible (MIC ≥4 mg/L). VT-1161 and VT-1129 showed significant in vitro activity against the majority of the 31 mucosal clinical isolates (MIC50 0.03 and 0.06 mg/L, respectively), including Candida glabrata (MIC50, 0.125 and 0.25 mg/L, respectively). After oral doses, VT-1161 and VT-1129 concentrations in mouse serum and tongues were well above their MIC50 values. VT-1161 was highly effective as treatment of both fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant oropharyngeal candidiasis in Act1-/- mice. Conclusions VT-1129 and VT-1161 exhibit significant in vitro activity against Candida strains, including fluconazole-resistant C. albicans and C. glabrata. VT-1161 administration in mice results in significant mucosal drug accumulation and eradicates infection caused by fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant Candida strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Break
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jigar V Desai
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mukil Natarajan
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elise M N Ferre
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Adrian M Zelazny
- NIH Clinical Center/Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ulrich Siebenlist
- Immune Activation Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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12
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Zhang Y, Ma CA, Lawrence MG, Break TJ, O'Connell MP, Lyons JJ, López DB, Barber JS, Zhao Y, Barber DL, Freeman AF, Holland SM, Lionakis MS, Milner JD. PD-L1 up-regulation restrains Th17 cell differentiation in STAT3 loss- and STAT1 gain-of-function patients. J Exp Med 2017; 214:2523-2533. [PMID: 28710273 PMCID: PMC5584116 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Zhang et al. show that hyperphosphorylated STAT1 in patients with STAT1 gain-of-function and STAT3 loss-of-function is caused by impaired SOCS3 expression and leads to upregulation of PD-L1 and defects in Th17 cell differentiation that underlie susceptibility to chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis in these patients. Patients with hypomorphic mutations in STAT3 and patients with hypermorphic mutations in STAT1 share several clinical and cellular phenotypes suggesting overlapping pathophysiologic mechanisms. We, therefore, examined cytokine signaling and CD4+ T cell differentiation in these cohorts to characterize common pathways. As expected, differentiation of Th17 cells was impaired in both cohorts. We found that STAT1 was hyperphosphorylated in response to cytokine stimulation in both cohorts and that STAT1-dependent PD-L1 up-regulation—known to inhibit Th17 differentiation in mouse models—was markedly enhanced as well. Overexpression of SOCS3 strongly inhibited phosphorylation of STAT1 and PD-L1 up-regulation, suggesting that diminished SOCS3 expression may lead to the observed effects. Defects in Th17 differentiation could be partially overcome in vitro via PD-L1 inhibition and in a mouse model of STAT3 loss-of-function by crossing them with PD-1 knockout mice. PD-L1 may be a potential therapeutic target in several genetic diseases of immune deficiency affecting cytokine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Chi A Ma
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Timothy J Break
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Michael P O'Connell
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jonathan J Lyons
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | - Yongge Zhao
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Daniel L Barber
- T-Lymphocyte Biology Unit, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alexandra F Freeman
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Steven M Holland
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Joshua D Milner
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD
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13
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Break TJ, Green NG, Kojima H, Yuen PST, Lee CC“R, Swamydas M, Star RA, Lionakis MS. Ccr7-dependent amelioration of renal tubular injury protects against infection-induced acute kidney injury. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.131.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Systemic candidiasis (SC) is a leading cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections, with mortality of >40% despite therapy. In a mouse model of SC, the most highly infected organ is the kidney, and myeloid cells, including dendritic cells (DCs), are integral for host defense. We hypothesized that Ccr7, which mediates DC trafficking and survival, is critical for host defense during SC. Ccr7 and its ligands, Ccl19 and Ccl21, were highly up-regulated in the Candida-infected kidney. All Ccr7−/− mice rapidly succumbed during SC, whereas WT mice had 80% survival at day 14. Infected Ccr7−/− mice had significantly greater kidney fungal burden, with greater tissue damage, and more severe renal failure. Infection in Ccl19−/− mice and in plt/plt mice (that lack Ccl19 and the CCL21a isoform of Ccl21) did not phenocopy the susceptibility of Ccr7−/− mice, indicating that the CCL21b-Ccr7 axis is critical for protection. Surprisingly, bone marrow chimeras revealed that the protective effects of Ccr7 are solely mediated by non-hematopoietic cells. Studies using FACS, IHC, and mRNA from sorted renal cells showed that Ccr7 is expressed by renal tubular cells (RTCs), not other renal stromal cells. Our preliminary data show the Ccr7 is a survival factor for RTCs; indeed, Ccr7 deficiency resulted in significantly greater tubulitis and tubular necrosis during SC. The renal protective effects of Ccr7 were also evident during bacterial sepsis, indicating that Ccr7 is broadly protective against infection-induced acute kidney injury. In summary, our data are the first to implicate Ccr7 in innate control of any pathogen and to uncover the contribution of Ccr7 on non-hematopoietic cells in protection against acute kidney injury and systemic fungal infection.
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14
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Dutzan N, Abusleme L, Bridgeman H, Greenwell-Wild T, Zangerle-Murray T, Fife ME, Bouladoux N, Linley H, Brenchley L, Wemyss K, Calderon G, Hong BY, Break TJ, Bowdish DME, Lionakis MS, Jones SA, Trinchieri G, Diaz PI, Belkaid Y, Konkel JE, Moutsopoulos NM. On-going Mechanical Damage from Mastication Drives Homeostatic Th17 Cell Responses at the Oral Barrier. Immunity 2017; 46:133-147. [PMID: 28087239 PMCID: PMC5263257 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Immuno-surveillance networks operating at barrier sites are tuned by local tissue cues to ensure effective immunity. Site-specific commensal bacteria provide key signals ensuring host defense in the skin and gut. However, how the oral microbiome and tissue-specific signals balance immunity and regulation at the gingiva, a key oral barrier, remains minimally explored. In contrast to the skin and gut, we demonstrate that gingiva-resident T helper 17 (Th17) cells developed via a commensal colonization-independent mechanism. Accumulation of Th17 cells at the gingiva was driven in response to the physiological barrier damage that occurs during mastication. Physiological mechanical damage, via induction of interleukin 6 (IL-6) from epithelial cells, tailored effector T cell function, promoting increases in gingival Th17 cell numbers. These data highlight that diverse tissue-specific mechanisms govern education of Th17 cell responses and demonstrate that mechanical damage helps define the immune tone of this important oral barrier. Distinct signals shape the Th17 cell network at the oral barrier Oral barrier Th17 cells develop independently of commensal microbe colonization Physiologic damage through mastication promotes the generation of oral Th17 cells Barrier damage triggers oral Th17-cell-mediated protective immunity and inflammation
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dutzan
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Unit, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Loreto Abusleme
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Unit, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hayley Bridgeman
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | | | - Tamsin Zangerle-Murray
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Mark E Fife
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Nicolas Bouladoux
- Immunity at Barrier Sites Initiative, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Holly Linley
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Laurie Brenchley
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Unit, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kelly Wemyss
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Gloria Calderon
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Unit, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bo-Young Hong
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, UConn Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Timothy J Break
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dawn M E Bowdish
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | | | - Simon A Jones
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Patricia I Diaz
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, UConn Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- Immunity at Barrier Sites Initiative, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joanne E Konkel
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK.
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15
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Desai JV, Break TJ, Natarajan M, Henderson C, Zelazny AM, Hoekstra WJ, Schotzinger RJ, Garvey EP, Lionakis MS. VT-1129 and VT-1161 have in vitro activity against Candida isolates from patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Open Forum Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofw172.1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jigar V Desai
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, Bethesda, MD
| | - Timothy J Break
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mukil Natarajan
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Adrian M Zelazny
- NIH Clinical Center/Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | | | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD
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16
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Swamydas M, Gao JL, Break TJ, Johnson MD, Jaeger M, Rodriguez CA, Lim JK, Green NM, Collar AL, Fischer BG, Lee CCR, Perfect JR, Alexander BD, Kullberg BJ, Netea MG, Murphy PM, Lionakis MS. CXCR1-mediated neutrophil degranulation and fungal killing promote Candida clearance and host survival. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8:322ra10. [PMID: 26791948 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aac7718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Systemic Candida albicans infection causes high morbidity and mortality and is now the leading cause of nosocomial bloodstream infection in the United States. Neutropenia is a major risk factor for poor outcome in infected patients; however, the molecular factors that mediate neutrophil trafficking and effector function during infection are poorly defined. Using a mouse model of systemic candidiasis, we found that the neutrophil-selective CXC chemokine receptor Cxcr1 and its ligand, Cxcl5, are highly induced in the Candida-infected kidney, the target organ in the model. To investigate the role of Cxcr1 in antifungal host defense in vivo, we generated Cxcr1(-/-) mice and analyzed their immune response to Candida. Mice lacking Cxcr1 exhibited decreased survival with enhanced Candida growth in the kidney and renal failure. Increased susceptibility of Cxcr1(-/-) mice to systemic candidiasis was not due to impaired neutrophil trafficking from the blood into the infected kidney but was the result of defective killing of the fungus by neutrophils that exhibited a cell-intrinsic decrease in degranulation. In humans, the mutant CXCR1 allele CXCR1-T276 results in impaired neutrophil degranulation and fungal killing and was associated with increased risk of disseminated candidiasis in infected patients. Together, our data demonstrate a biological function for mouse Cxcr1 in vivo and indicate that CXCR1-dependent neutrophil effector function is a critical innate protective mechanism of fungal clearance and host survival in systemic candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthulekha Swamydas
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ji-Liang Gao
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Timothy J Break
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Martin Jaeger
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500HB, Netherlands
| | - Carlos A Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jean K Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nathaniel M Green
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amanda L Collar
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brett G Fischer
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chyi-Chia Richard Lee
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John R Perfect
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Bart-Jan Kullberg
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500HB, Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500HB, Netherlands
| | - Philip M Murphy
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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17
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Ferre EMN, Rose SR, Rosenzweig SD, Burbelo PD, Romito KR, Niemela JE, Rosen LB, Break TJ, Gu W, Hunsberger S, Browne SK, Hsu AP, Rampertaap S, Swamydas M, Collar AL, Kong HH, Lee CCR, Chascsa D, Simcox T, Pham A, Bondici A, Natarajan M, Monsale J, Kleiner DE, Quezado M, Alevizos I, Moutsopoulos NM, Yockey L, Frein C, Soldatos A, Calvo KR, Adjemian J, Similuk MN, Lang DM, Stone KD, Uzel G, Kopp JB, Bishop RJ, Holland SM, Olivier KN, Fleisher TA, Heller T, Winer KK, Lionakis MS. Redefined clinical features and diagnostic criteria in autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy. JCI Insight 2016; 1. [PMID: 27588307 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.88782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder typically caused by homozygous AIRE mutations. It classically presents with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and autoimmunity that primarily targets endocrine tissues; hypoparathyroidism and adrenal insufficiency are most common. Developing any two of these classic triad manifestations establishes the diagnosis. Although widely recognized in Europe, where nonendocrine autoimmune manifestations are uncommon, APECED is less defined in patients from the Western Hemisphere. We enrolled 35 consecutive American APECED patients (33 from the US) in a prospective observational natural history study and systematically examined their genetic, clinical, autoantibody, and immunological characteristics. Most patients were compound heterozygous; the most common AIRE mutation was c.967_979del13. All but one patient had anti-IFN-ω autoantibodies, including 4 of 5 patients without biallelic AIRE mutations. Urticarial eruption, hepatitis, gastritis, intestinal dysfunction, pneumonitis, and Sjögren's-like syndrome, uncommon entities in European APECED cohorts, affected 40%-80% of American cases. Development of a classic diagnostic dyad was delayed at mean 7.38 years. Eighty percent of patients developed a median of 3 non-triad manifestations before a diagnostic dyad. Only 20% of patients had their first two manifestations among the classic triad. Urticarial eruption, intestinal dysfunction, and enamel hypoplasia were prominent among early manifestations. Patients exhibited expanded peripheral CD4+ T cells and CD21loCD38lo B lymphocytes. In summary, American APECED patients develop a diverse syndrome, with dramatic enrichment in organ-specific nonendocrine manifestations starting early in life, compared with European patients. Incorporation of these new manifestations into American diagnostic criteria would accelerate diagnosis by approximately 4 years and potentially prevent life-threatening endocrine complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise M N Ferre
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stacey R Rose
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sergio D Rosenzweig
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter D Burbelo
- Dental Clinical Research Core, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kimberly R Romito
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Julie E Niemela
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lindsey B Rosen
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy J Break
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wenjuan Gu
- Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., National Cancer Institute (NCI) Campus at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Sally Hunsberger
- Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah K Browne
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy P Hsu
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shakuntala Rampertaap
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Muthulekha Swamydas
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amanda L Collar
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Heidi H Kong
- Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chyi-Chia Richard Lee
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David Chascsa
- Translational Hepatology Unit, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas Simcox
- Translational Hepatology Unit, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Angela Pham
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anamaria Bondici
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mukil Natarajan
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph Monsale
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David E Kleiner
- Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Martha Quezado
- Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ilias Alevizos
- Sjögren's Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Niki M Moutsopoulos
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lynne Yockey
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cathleen Frein
- Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., National Cancer Institute (NCI) Campus at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Ariane Soldatos
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, NIH Office of the Director and National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Katherine R Calvo
- Hematology Section, Department of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer Adjemian
- Epidemiology Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - David M Lang
- Pediatric Consult Service, NIH Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kelly D Stone
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gulbu Uzel
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Kopp
- Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel J Bishop
- Consult Services Section, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven M Holland
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kenneth N Olivier
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas A Fleisher
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Theo Heller
- Translational Hepatology Unit, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Karen K Winer
- Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Myles IA, Zhao M, Nardone G, Olano LR, Reckhow JD, Saleem D, Break TJ, Lionakis MS, Myers TG, Gardina PJ, Kirkpatrick CH, Holland SM, Datta SK. CD8+ T cells produce a dialyzable antigen-specific activator of dendritic cells. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 101:307-320. [PMID: 27515950 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0216-082r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular lysates from PPD+ donors have been reported to transfer tuberculin reactivity to naïve recipients, but not diphtheria reactivity, and vice versa. A historically controversial topic, the terms "transfer factor" and "DLE" were used to characterize the reactivity-transferring properties of lysates. Intrigued by these reported phenomena, we found that the cellular extract derived from antigen-specific memory CD8+ T cells induces IL-6 from antigen-matched APCs. This ultimately elicits IL-17 from bystander memory CD8+ T cells. We have identified that dialyzable peptide sequences, S100a9, and the TCR β chain from CD8+ T cells contribute to the molecular nature of this activity. We further show that extracts from antigen-targeted T cells enhance immunity to Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans These effects are sensitive to immunization protocols and extraction methodology in ways that may explain past discrepancies in the reproducibility of passive cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Myles
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA;
| | - Ming Zhao
- Research Technologies Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Glenn Nardone
- Research Technologies Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lisa R Olano
- Research Technologies Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jensen D Reckhow
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Danial Saleem
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy J Break
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy G Myers
- Genomic Technologies Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; and
| | - Paul J Gardina
- Genomic Technologies Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; and
| | | | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sandip K Datta
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Break TJ, Hoffman KW, Swamydas M, Lee CCR, Lim JK, Lionakis MS. Batf3-dependent CD103(+) dendritic cell accumulation is dispensable for mucosal and systemic antifungal host defense. Virulence 2016; 7:826-35. [PMID: 27191829 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1186324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical for defense against a variety of pathogens and the formation of adaptive immune responses. The transcription factor Batf3 is critical for the development of CD103(+)CD11b(-) DCs, which promote IL-12-dependent protective immunity during viral and parasitic infections, dampen Th2 immunity during helminthic infection, and exert detrimental effects during bacterial infection. Whether CD103(+) DCs modulate immunity during systemic or mucosal fungal disease remains unknown. Herein, we report that Batf3 is critical for accumulation of CD103(+) DCs in the kidney and tongue at steady state, for their expansion during systemic and oropharyngeal candidiasis, and for tissue-specific production of IL-12 in kidney but not tongue during systemic and oropharyngeal candidiasis, respectively. Importantly, deficiency of CD103(+) DCs does not impair survival or fungal clearance during systemic or oropharyngeal candidiasis, indicating that Batf3-dependent CD103(+) DC accumulation mediates pathogen- and tissue-specific immune effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Break
- a Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Kevin W Hoffman
- b Department of Microbiology , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , NY , USA
| | - Muthulekha Swamydas
- a Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Chyi-Chia Richard Lee
- c Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Jean K Lim
- b Department of Microbiology , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , NY , USA
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- a Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
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20
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Break TJ, Jaeger M, Solis NV, Filler SG, Rodriguez CA, Lim JK, Lee CCR, Sobel JD, Netea MG, Lionakis MS. CX3CR1 is dispensable for control of mucosal Candida albicans infections in mice and humans. Infect Immun 2015; 83:958-65. [PMID: 25547797 PMCID: PMC4333470 DOI: 10.1128/iai.02604-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is part of the normal commensal microbiota of mucosal surfaces in a large percentage of the human population. However, perturbations of the host's immune response or bacterial microbiota have been shown to predispose individuals to the development of opportunistic Candida infections. It was recently discovered that a defect in the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 increases susceptibility of mice and humans to systemic candidiasis. However, whether CX3CR1 confers protection against mucosal C. albicans infection has not been investigated. Using two different mouse models, we found that Cx3cr1 is dispensable for the induction of interleukin 17A (IL-17A), IL-22, and IL-23 in the tongue after infection, as well as for the clearance of mucosal candidiasis from the tongue or lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract colonization. Furthermore, the dysfunctional human CX3CR1 allele CX3CR1-M280 was not associated with development of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) in women. Taken together, these data indicate that CX3CR1 is not essential for protection of the host against mucosal candidiasis, underscoring the dependence on different mammalian immune factors for control of mucosal versus systemic Candida infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Break
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Disease, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Martin Jaeger
- Radboud University Medical Center and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Norma V Solis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Scott G Filler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carlos A Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jean K Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chyi-Chia Richard Lee
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jack D Sobel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Radboud University Medical Center and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Disease, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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21
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Swamydas M, Break TJ, Lionakis MS. Mononuclear phagocyte-mediated antifungal immunity: the role of chemotactic receptors and ligands. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2157-75. [PMID: 25715741 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1858-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, fungal infections have emerged as significant causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with hematological malignancies, hematopoietic stem cell or solid organ transplantation and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Besides neutrophils and CD4(+) T lymphocytes, which have long been known to play an indispensable role in promoting protective antifungal immunity, mononuclear phagocytes are now being increasingly recognized as critical mediators of host defense against fungi. Thus, a recent surge of research studies has focused on understanding the mechanisms by which resident and recruited monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells accumulate and become activated at the sites of fungal infection. Herein, we critically review how a variety of G-protein coupled chemoattractant receptors and their ligands mediate mononuclear phagocyte recruitment and effector function during infection by the most common human fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthulekha Swamydas
- Fungal Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 11C102, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Break TJ, Jun S, Indramohan M, Carr KD, Sieve AN, Dory L, Berg RE. Extracellular superoxide dismutase inhibits innate immune responses and clearance of an intracellular bacterial infection. J Immunol 2012; 188:3342-50. [PMID: 22393157 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species play important roles during immune responses to bacterial pathogens. Extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) regulates extracellular concentrations of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species and contributes to tissue protection during inflammatory insults. The participation of ecSOD in immune responses seems therefore intuitive, yet is poorly understood. In the current study, we used mice with varying levels of ecSOD activity to investigate the involvement of this enzyme in immune responses against Listeria monocytogenes. Surprisingly, our data demonstrate that despite enhanced neutrophil recruitment to the liver, ecSOD activity negatively affected host survival and bacterial clearance. Increased ecSOD activity was accompanied by decreased colocalization of neutrophils with bacteria, as well as increased neutrophil apoptosis, which reduced overall and neutrophil-specific TNF-α production. Liver leukocytes from mice lacking ecSOD produced equivalent NO· compared with liver leukocytes from mice expressing ecSOD. However, during infection, there were higher levels of peroxynitrite (NO(3)·(-)) in livers from mice lacking ecSOD compared with livers from mice expressing ecSOD. Neutrophil depletion studies revealed that high levels of ecSOD activity resulted in neutrophils with limited protective capacity, whereas neutrophils from mice lacking ecSOD provided superior protection compared with neutrophils from wild-type mice. Taken together, our data demonstrate that ecSOD activity reduces innate immune responses during bacterial infection and provides a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Break
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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Carr KD, Sieve AN, Indramohan M, Break TJ, Lee S, Berg RE. Specific depletion reveals a novel role for neutrophil-mediated protection in the liver during Listeria monocytogenes infection. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:2666-76. [PMID: 21660934 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201041363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that neutrophils are required for resistance during infection with multiple pathogenic microorganisms. However, the depleting antibody used in those studies binds to both Ly6G and Ly6C (anti-Gr-1; clone RB6-8C5). This antibody has been shown to deplete not only neutrophils but also monocytes and a subset of CD8(+) T cells. Recently, an antibody against Ly6G, which specifically depletes neutrophils, was characterized. In the present study, neutrophils are depleted using the antibody against Ly6G during infection with the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes (LM). Our data show that neutrophil-depleted mice are much less susceptible to infection than mice depleted with anti-Gr-1. Although neutrophils are required for clearance of LM, their importance is more pronounced in the liver and during a high-dose bacterial challenge. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the protection mediated by neutrophils is due to the production of TNF-α, but not IFN-γ. Additionally, neutrophils are not required for the recruitment of monocytes or the generation of adaptive T-cell responses during LM infection. This study highlights the importance of neutrophils during LM infection, and indicate that depletion of neutrophils is less detrimental to the host than depletion of all Gr-1-expressing cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen D Carr
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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Graham AC, Carr KD, Sieve AN, Indramohan M, Break TJ, Berg RE. IL-22 production is regulated by IL-23 during Listeria monocytogenes infection but is not required for bacterial clearance or tissue protection. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17171. [PMID: 21347242 PMCID: PMC3039664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is a gram-positive bacterium that is a common contaminant of processed meats and dairy products. In humans, ingestion of LM can result in intracellular infection of the spleen and liver, which can ultimately lead to septicemia, meningitis, and spontaneous abortion. Interleukin (IL)-23 is a cytokine that regulates innate and adaptive immune responses by inducing the production of IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22. We have recently demonstrated that the IL-23/IL-17 axis is required for optimal recruitment of neutrophils to the liver, but not the spleen, during LM infection. Furthermore, these cytokines are required for the clearance of LM during systemic infection. In other infectious models, IL-22 induces the secretion of anti-microbial peptides and protects tissues from damage by preventing apoptosis. However, the role of IL-22 has not been thoroughly investigated during LM infection. In the present study, we show that LM induces the production of IL-22 in vivo. Interestingly, IL-23 is required for the production of IL-22 during primary, but not secondary, LM infection. Our findings suggest that IL-22 is not required for clearance of LM during primary or secondary infection, using both systemic and mucosal models of infection. IL-22 is also not required for the protection of LM infected spleens and livers from organ damage. Collectively, these data indicate that IL-22 produced during LM infection must play a role other than clearance of LM or protection of tissues from pathogen- or immune-mediated damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C. Graham
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Karen D. Carr
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Amy N. Sieve
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mohanalaxmi Indramohan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Timothy J. Break
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rance E. Berg
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
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