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Daniel SK, Sullivan KM, Dickerson LK, van den Bijgaart RJE, Utria AF, Labadie KP, Kenerson HL, Jiang X, Smythe KS, Campbell JS, Pierce RH, Kim TS, Riehle KJ, Yeung RS, Carter JA, Barry KC, Pillarisetty VG. Reversing immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment of fibrolamellar carcinoma via PD-1 and IL-10 blockade. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5109. [PMID: 38429349 PMCID: PMC10907637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55593-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a rare liver tumor driven by the DNAJ-PKAc fusion protein that affects healthy young patients. Little is known about the immune response to FLC, limiting rational design of immunotherapy. Multiplex immunohistochemistry and gene expression profiling were performed to characterize the FLC tumor immune microenvironment and adjacent non-tumor liver (NTL). Flow cytometry and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing were performed to determine the phenotype of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and the extent of T cell clonal expansion. Fresh human FLC tumor slice cultures (TSCs) were treated with antibodies blocking programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), with results measured by cleaved caspase-3 immunohistochemistry. Immune cells were concentrated in fibrous stromal bands, rather than in the carcinoma cell compartment. In FLC, T cells demonstrated decreased activation and regulatory T cells in FLC had more frequent expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4 than in NTL. Furthermore, T cells had relatively low levels of clonal expansion despite high TCR conservation across individuals. Combination PD-1 and IL-10 blockade signficantly increased cell death in human FLC TSCs. Immunosuppresion in the FLC tumor microenvironment is characterized by T cell exclusion and exhaustion, which may be reversible with combination immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Daniel
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356410, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - K M Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356410, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - L K Dickerson
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356410, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - R J E van den Bijgaart
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A F Utria
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356410, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - K P Labadie
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356410, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - H L Kenerson
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356410, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - X Jiang
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356410, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - K S Smythe
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J S Campbell
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R H Pierce
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - T S Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356410, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - K J Riehle
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356410, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - R S Yeung
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356410, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - J A Carter
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356410, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - K C Barry
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - V G Pillarisetty
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356410, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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2
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Park JH, Kim TS, Jo HJ, Lee CM, Lee M, Kang CK, Choe PG, Park WB, Kim NJ. Reduction of blood culture contamination rates through simplified personal protective equipment in COVID-19 patient care setting. J Hosp Infect 2024:S0195-6701(24)00033-1. [PMID: 38309667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- J H Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - T S Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C M Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M Lee
- Infection Control Office, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C K Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - P G Choe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Infection Control Office, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - W B Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - N J Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Infection Control Office, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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3
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Labadie KP, Kreuser SA, Brempelis KJ, Daniel SK, Jiang X, Sullivan KM, Utria AF, Kenerson HL, Kim TS, Crane CA, Pillarisetty VG. Production of an interleukin-10 blocking antibody by genetically engineered macrophages increases cancer cell death in human gastrointestinal tumor slice cultures. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:1227-1233. [PMID: 37296315 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although it can promote effector T-cell function, the summative effect of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) appears to be suppressive; therefore, blocking this critical regulatory cytokine has therapeutic potential to enhance antitumor immune function. As macrophages efficiently localize to the TME, we hypothesized that they could be used as a delivery vehicle for drugs designed to block this pathway. To test our hypothesis, we created and evaluated genetically engineered macrophages (GEMs) that produce an IL-10-blocking antibody (αIL-10). Healthy donor human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were differentiated and transduced with a novel lentivirus (LV) encoding BT-063, a humanized αIL-10 antibody. The efficacy of αIL-10 GEMs was assessed in human gastrointestinal tumor slice culture models developed from resected specimens of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma primary tumors and colorectal cancer liver metastases. LV transduction led to sustained production of BT-063 by αIL-10 GEMs for at least 21 days. Transduction did not alter GEM phenotype as evaluated by flow cytometry, but αIL-10 GEMs produced measurable quantities of BT-063 in the TME that was associated with an ~5-fold higher rate of tumor cell apoptosis than control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Labadie
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shannon A Kreuser
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katherine J Brempelis
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sara K Daniel
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiuyun Jiang
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kevin M Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alan F Utria
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Heidi L Kenerson
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Teresa S Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Courtney A Crane
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Venu G Pillarisetty
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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4
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Anderson KG, Braun DA, Buqué A, Gitto SB, Guerriero JL, Horton B, Keenan BP, Kim TS, Overacre-Delgoffe A, Ruella M, Triplett TA, Veeranki O, Verma V, Zhang F. Leveraging immune resistance archetypes in solid cancer to inform next-generation anticancer therapies. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006533. [PMID: 37399356 PMCID: PMC10314654 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anticancer immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, bispecific antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptor T cells, have improved outcomes for patients with a variety of malignancies. However, most patients either do not initially respond or do not exhibit durable responses due to primary or adaptive/acquired immune resistance mechanisms of the tumor microenvironment. These suppressive programs are myriad, different between patients with ostensibly the same cancer type, and can harness multiple cell types to reinforce their stability. Consequently, the overall benefit of monotherapies remains limited. Cutting-edge technologies now allow for extensive tumor profiling, which can be used to define tumor cell intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of primary and/or acquired immune resistance, herein referred to as features or feature sets of immune resistance to current therapies. We propose that cancers can be characterized by immune resistance archetypes, comprised of five feature sets encompassing known immune resistance mechanisms. Archetypes of resistance may inform new therapeutic strategies that concurrently address multiple cell axes and/or suppressive mechanisms, and clinicians may consequently be able to prioritize targeted therapy combinations for individual patients to improve overall efficacy and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin G Anderson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - David A Braun
- Center of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Yale University Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sarah B Gitto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer L Guerriero
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brendan Horton
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bridget P Keenan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Teresa S Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Abigail Overacre-Delgoffe
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marco Ruella
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Todd A Triplett
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, Texas, USA
| | - Omkara Veeranki
- Medical Affairs and Clinical Development, Caris Life Sciences Inc, Irving, Texas, USA
| | - Vivek Verma
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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5
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Sullivan KM, Jiang X, Guha P, Lausted C, Carter JA, Hsu C, Labadie KP, Kohli K, Kenerson HL, Daniel SK, Yan X, Meng C, Abbasi A, Chan M, Seo YD, Park JO, Crispe IN, Yeung RS, Kim TS, Gujral TS, Tian Q, Katz SC, Pillarisetty VG. Blockade of interleukin 10 potentiates antitumour immune function in human colorectal cancer liver metastases. Gut 2023; 72:325-337. [PMID: 35705369 PMCID: PMC9872249 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) checkpoint inhibition and adoptive cellular therapy have had limited success in patients with microsatellite stable colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM). We sought to evaluate the effect of interleukin 10 (IL-10) blockade on endogenous T cell and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell antitumour function in CRLM slice cultures. DESIGN We created organotypic slice cultures from human CRLM (n=38 patients' tumours) and tested the antitumour effects of a neutralising antibody against IL-10 (αIL-10) both alone as treatment and in combination with exogenously administered carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-specific CAR-T cells. We evaluated slice cultures with single and multiplex immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridisation, single-cell RNA sequencing, reverse-phase protein arrays and time-lapse fluorescent microscopy. RESULTS αIL-10 generated a 1.8-fold increase in T cell-mediated carcinoma cell death in human CRLM slice cultures. αIL-10 significantly increased proportions of CD8+ T cells without exhaustion transcription changes, and increased human leukocyte antigen - DR isotype (HLA-DR) expression of macrophages. The antitumour effects of αIL-10 were reversed by major histocompatibility complex class I or II (MHC-I or MHC-II) blockade, confirming the essential role of antigen presenting cells. Interrupting IL-10 signalling also rescued murine CAR-T cell proliferation and cytotoxicity from myeloid cell-mediated immunosuppression. In human CRLM slices, αIL-10 increased CEA-specific CAR-T cell activation and CAR-T cell-mediated cytotoxicity, with nearly 70% carcinoma cell apoptosis across multiple human tumours. Pretreatment with an IL-10 receptor blocking antibody also potentiated CAR-T function. CONCLUSION Neutralising the effects of IL-10 in human CRLM has therapeutic potential as a stand-alone treatment and to augment the function of adoptively transferred CAR-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Xiuyun Jiang
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Prajna Guha
- Immuno-Oncology Institute and Department of Medicine, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA,Department of Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jason A Carter
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Cynthia Hsu
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kevin P Labadie
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Karan Kohli
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA,Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Heidi L Kenerson
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sara K Daniel
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Xiaowei Yan
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Arezou Abbasi
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marina Chan
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Y David Seo
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - James O Park
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Raymond S Yeung
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Teresa S Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Taranjit S Gujral
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Qiang Tian
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, USA .,National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Steven C Katz
- Immuno-Oncology Institute and Department of Medicine, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA,Department of Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Venu G Pillarisetty
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA .,Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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6
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Voillet V, Berger TR, McKenna KM, Paulson KG, Tan WH, Smythe KS, Hunter DS, Valente WJ, Weaver S, Campbell JS, Kim TS, Byrd DR, Bielas JH, Pierce RH, Chapuis AG, Gottardo R, Rongvaux A. An In Vivo Model of Human Macrophages in Metastatic Melanoma. J Immunol 2022; 209:606-620. [PMID: 35817516 PMCID: PMC9377377 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent therapeutic progress, advanced melanoma remains lethal for many patients. The composition of the immune tumor microenvironment (TME) has decisive impacts on therapy response and disease outcome, and high-dimensional analyses of patient samples reveal the heterogeneity of the immune TME. Macrophages infiltrate TMEs and generally associate with tumor progression, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Because experimental systems are needed to elucidate the functional properties of these cells, we developed a humanized mouse model reconstituted with human immune cells and human melanoma. We used two strains of recipient mice, supporting or not supporting the development of human myeloid cells. We found that human myeloid cells favored metastatic spread of the primary tumor, thereby recapitulating the cancer-supportive role of macrophages. We next analyzed the transcriptome of human immune cells infiltrating tumors versus other tissues. This analysis identified a cluster of myeloid cells present in the TME, but not in other tissues, which do not correspond to canonical M2 cells. The transcriptome of these cells is characterized by high expression of glycolytic enzymes and multiple chemokines and by low expression of gene sets associated with inflammation and adaptive immunity. Compared with humanized mouse results, we found transcriptionally similar myeloid cells in patient-derived samples of melanoma and other cancer types. The humanized mouse model described here thus complements patient sample analyses, enabling further elucidation of fundamental principles in melanoma biology beyond M1/M2 macrophage polarization. The model can also support the development and evaluation of candidate antitumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Voillet
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
- Cape Town HIV Vaccine Trials Network Immunology Laboratory, Hutchinson Centre Research Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Trisha R Berger
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Kelly M McKenna
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Kelly G Paulson
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Wei Hong Tan
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Kimberly S Smythe
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Daniel S Hunter
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - William J Valente
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Stephanie Weaver
- Experimental Histopathology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Jean S Campbell
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Teresa S Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - David R Byrd
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jason H Bielas
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Robert H Pierce
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Aude G Chapuis
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Raphaël Gottardo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; and
| | - Anthony Rongvaux
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA;
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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7
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Abstract
Over the past 20 years, gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) has evolved into an increasingly complex clinical entity with ever more challenges. While surgical resection is the gold standard, advancements in genetic testing, therapeutic options, immunotherapy, and management of metastatic disease necessitate a comprehensive, multimodal approach for these tumors. This chapter highlights the importance of genomic testing of GIST, the use of neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for localized disease, surgical principles for GIST, as well as current and new approaches for addressing metastatic disease.
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8
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Goff PH, Riolobos L, LaFleur BJ, Spraker MB, Seo YD, Smythe KS, Campbell JS, Pierce RH, Zhang Y, He Q, Kim EY, Schaub SK, Kane GM, Mantilla JG, Chen EY, Ricciotti R, Thompson MJ, Cranmer LD, Wagner MJ, Loggers ET, Jones RL, Murphy E, Blumenschein WM, McClanahan T, Earls J, Flanagan KC, LaFranzo NA, Kim TS, Pollack SM. Neoadjuvant Therapy Induces a Potent Immune Response to Sarcoma, Dominated by Myeloid and B Cells. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:1701-1711. [PMID: 35115306 PMCID: PMC9953754 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-4239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize changes in the soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) tumor immune microenvironment induced by standard neoadjuvant therapy with the goal of informing neoadjuvant immunotherapy trial design. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Paired pre- and postneoadjuvant therapy specimens were retrospectively identified for 32 patients with STSs and analyzed by three modalities: multiplexed IHC, NanoString, and RNA sequencing with ImmunoPrism analysis. RESULTS All 32 patients, representing a variety of STS histologic subtypes, received neoadjuvant radiotherapy and 21 (66%) received chemotherapy prior to radiotherapy. The most prevalent immune cells in the tumor before neoadjuvant therapy were myeloid cells (45% of all immune cells) and B cells (37%), with T (13%) and natural killer (NK) cells (5%) also present. Neoadjuvant therapy significantly increased the total immune cells infiltrating the tumors across all histologic subtypes for patients receiving neoadjuvant radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. An increase in the percentage of monocytes and macrophages, particularly M2 macrophages, B cells, and CD4+ T cells was observed postneoadjuvant therapy. Upregulation of genes and cytokines associated with antigen presentation was also observed, and a favorable pathologic response (≥90% necrosis postneoadjuvant therapy) was associated with an increase in monocytic infiltrate. Upregulation of the T-cell checkpoint TIM3 and downregulation of OX40 were observed posttreatment. CONCLUSIONS Standard neoadjuvant therapy induces both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive effects within a complex sarcoma microenvironment dominated by myeloid and B cells. This work informs ongoing efforts to incorporate immune checkpoint inhibitors and novel immunotherapies into the neoadjuvant setting for STSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H. Goff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Laura Riolobos
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Cancer Vaccine Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Matthew B. Spraker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Y. David Seo
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Kimberly S. Smythe
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | - Yuzheng Zhang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Qianchuan He
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Edward Y. Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Gabrielle M. Kane
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jose G. Mantilla
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Eleanor Y. Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Robert Ricciotti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Matthew J. Thompson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lee D. Cranmer
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA.,Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Michael J. Wagner
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA.,Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Elizabeth T. Loggers
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA.,Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Robin L. Jones
- Sarcoma, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Trust/ Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Jon Earls
- Cofactor Genomics, Inc., San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | - Teresa S. Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Department of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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9
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Veatch JR, Lee SM, Shasha C, Singhi N, Szeto JL, Moshiri AS, Kim TS, Smythe K, Kong P, Fitzgibbon M, Jesernig B, Bhatia S, Tykodi SS, Hall ET, Byrd DR, Thompson JA, Pillarisetty VG, Duhen T, McGarry Houghton A, Newell E, Gottardo R, Riddell SR. Neoantigen-specific CD4 + T cells in human melanoma have diverse differentiation states and correlate with CD8 + T cell, macrophage, and B cell function. Cancer Cell 2022; 40:393-409.e9. [PMID: 35413271 PMCID: PMC9011147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells that recognize tumor antigens are required for immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in murine models, but their contributions in human cancer are unclear. We used single-cell RNA sequencing and T cell receptor sequences to identify signatures and functional correlates of tumor-specific CD4+ T cells infiltrating human melanoma. Conventional CD4+ T cells that recognize tumor neoantigens express CXCL13 and are subdivided into clusters expressing memory and T follicular helper markers, and those expressing cytolytic markers, inhibitory receptors, and IFN-γ. The frequency of CXCL13+ CD4+ T cells in the tumor correlated with the transcriptional states of CD8+ T cells and macrophages, maturation of B cells, and patient survival. Similar correlations were observed in a breast cancer cohort. These results identify phenotypes and functional correlates of tumor-specific CD4+ T cells in melanoma and suggest the possibility of using such cells to modify the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Veatch
- Department of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Sylvia M Lee
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carolyn Shasha
- Department of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Naina Singhi
- Department of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Julia L Szeto
- Department of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ata S Moshiri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Teresa S Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kimberly Smythe
- Department of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul Kong
- Department of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew Fitzgibbon
- Department of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brenda Jesernig
- Department of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shailender Bhatia
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Scott S Tykodi
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Evan T Hall
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David R Byrd
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John A Thompson
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Thomas Duhen
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - A McGarry Houghton
- Department of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Evan Newell
- Department of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Raphael Gottardo
- Department of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stanley R Riddell
- Department of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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Cranmer LD, Chau B, Mantilla JG, Loggers ET, Pollack SM, Kim TS, Kim EY, Kane GM, Thompson MJ, Harwood JL, Wagner MJ. Is Chemotherapy Associated with Improved Overall Survival in Patients with Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma? A SEER Database Analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2022; 480:748-758. [PMID: 34648466 PMCID: PMC8923599 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000002011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma is a chondrosarcoma subtype associated with high rates of recurrence and a poor prognosis. Others have proposed treatment of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma using osteosarcoma protocols, including perioperative chemotherapy. However, the rarity of this condition poses difficulties in undertaking single- institution studies of sufficient sample size. QUESTION/PURPOSE Is perioperative chemotherapy associated with improved overall survival in patients with dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma? METHODS We queried the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 1973 to 2016 database for patients with a diagnosis of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (n = 308). As dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma was only classified as a distinct entity in SEER starting in 2000, only patients treated in 2000 and later were included. We excluded from our analyses those patients with distant disease at diagnosis, a primary site of disease other than bone or joints, and those who did not receive cancer-directed surgery. These criteria yielded 185 dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma patients for inclusion. We used Kaplan-Meier analyses and Cox proportional hazards models to assess the association of clinical, demographic, and treatment characteristics on overall survival (OS). RESULTS After controlling for confounding variables, including age, sex, tumor size, stage, grade, location, and radiation treatment status, and after adjusting for missing data, no overall survival benefit was associated with receipt of chemotherapy in patients with dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (hazard ratio 0.75 [95% confidence interval 0.49 to 1.12]; p = 0.16). CONCLUSION Chemotherapy treatment of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma was not associated with improved OS. These results must be viewed cautiously, given the limited granularity of information on chemotherapy treatment, the concerns regarding chemotherapy misclassification in SEER data, and the small sample of patients with dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, all of which limit the power to detect a difference. Our findings are nevertheless consistent with those of prior reports in which no benefit of chemotherapy could be detected. Lack of clear benefit from perioperative chemotherapy in dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma argues that it should be used only after careful consideration, and ideally in the context of a clinical trial. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, therapeutic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee D. Cranmer
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bonny Chau
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jose G. Mantilla
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth T. Loggers
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Seth M. Pollack
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Teresa S. Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Edward Y. Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gabrielle M. Kane
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew J. Thompson
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jared L. Harwood
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael J. Wagner
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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Kim TS, Sullivan K, Jiang X, Hsu C, Labadie K, Kohli K, Kenerson H, Daniel S, Abbasi A, Yeung R, Pillarisetty V. Abstract P037: Interleukin-10 is a dominant and reversible mechanism of immune evasion in human colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Cancer Immunol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6074.tumimm21-p037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM) causes major morbidity and mortality. Improved systemic therapies are crucial. We previously reported that macrophages infiltrated CRLM and expressed the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). In patient-derived CRLM tumor slice cultures, we found that a neutralizing antibody against IL-10 (anti-IL-10) caused tumor apoptosis. Here, we investigated the efficacy and immune-dependent mechanisms of IL-10 blockade in a larger cohort of CRLM patients.
Methods: Tumor specimens were obtained from consenting patients at the time of surgery and cut into 250mm-thick tumor slice cultures as previously described. Tumor slices were treated with control or neutralizing antibodies against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1, EH12.1), IL-10 (JES3-9D7), IL-10 receptor alpha (IL-10RA, 3F9), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I (G46-2.6) or class II (Tu39). After 4-6 days of treatment, tumor apoptosis was evaluated by cleaved caspase-3 (CC3) immunohistochemistry (IHC) or terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). Tumors were evaluated by IHC and in situ hybridization (ISH) for immune markers. Student's t-test, paired t-test, or 1-way ANOVA was used as indicated. p < 0.05 was defined as significant.
Results: We generated tumor slice cultures from 34 unique CRLM patients, 76% (26/34) of whom received preoperative chemotherapy, and all of whom had either microsatellite stable tumors (76%, 26/34) or unknown microsatellite status. Anti-PD-1 did not generate tumor apoptosis (n = 4 patients' tumors). In contrast, anti-IL-10 caused nearly 2-fold increased tumor apoptosis compared with control, in the majority of 34 CRLM patients' tumors evaluated (median 50.1% versus 27.4% apoptotic cells, p < 0.0001). IL-10 receptor blockade generated a similar but non-significant increase in apoptosis. Tumors treated with anti-IL-10 demonstrated increased frequency of CD8+ T cells (median 17.8% versus 7.0% of total cells, n = 5 patients' tumors, p = 0.02) and a non-significant increase in activated PD-1+CD3+ T cells. IL-10 blockade also increased tumor IFNG expression (median 2.9 versus 2.3 counts per total cell number, n = 6 patients' tumors, p < 0.05). Macrophage frequency did not increase, but MHC class II expression nearly doubled (median 19.5% versus 11.5% of total cells, n = 5 patients' tumors, p = 0.02). To test which immune cells were required for anti-IL-10 effect, we treated human CRLM slices with anti-IL-10 +/- blocking antibodies against MHC class I or II. In the 3 of 4 patients' tumors that responded to anti-IL-10, the effect was nearly completely reversed by aMHC-I or aMHC-II (p = 0.0005).
Conclusion: IL-10 is a dominant and reversible mechanism of immune evasion in human CRLM. IL-10 blockade nearly doubled tumor apoptosis in a heterogeneous cohort of CRLM patients' tumors, through a mechanism that required intact CD8+ T cell and antigen-presenting cell function. IL-10 is a compelling immunotherapeutic target for CRLM.
Citation Format: Teresa S. Kim, Kevin Sullivan, Xiuyun Jiang, Cynthia Hsu, Kevin Labadie, Karan Kohli, Heidi Kenerson, Sara Daniel, Arezou Abbasi, Raymond Yeung, Venu Pillarisetty. Interleukin-10 is a dominant and reversible mechanism of immune evasion in human colorectal cancer liver metastasis [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Virtual Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2021 Oct 5-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2022;10(1 Suppl):Abstract nr P037.
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12
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Kohli K, Pillarisetty VG, Kim TS. Key chemokines direct migration of immune cells in solid tumors. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:10-21. [PMID: 33603130 PMCID: PMC8761573 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00303-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Immune cell infiltration into solid tumors, their movement within the tumor microenvironment (TME), and interaction with other immune cells are controlled by their directed migration towards gradients of chemokines. Dysregulated chemokine signaling in TME favors the growth of tumors, exclusion of effector immune cells, and abundance of immunosuppressive cells. Key chemokines directing the migration of immune cells into tumor tissue have been identified. In this review, we discuss well-studied chemokine receptors that regulate migration of effector and immunosuppressive immune cells in the context of cancer immunology. We discuss preclinical models that have described the role of respective chemokine receptors in immune cell migration into TME and review preclinical and clinical studies that target chemokine signaling as standalone or combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Kohli
- grid.34477.330000000122986657University of Washington, Department of Surgery, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Venu G. Pillarisetty
- grid.34477.330000000122986657University of Washington, Department of Surgery, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Teresa S. Kim
- grid.34477.330000000122986657University of Washington, Department of Surgery, Seattle, WA USA
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13
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Schroeder BA, LaFranzo NA, LaFleur BJ, Gittelman RM, Vignali M, Zhang S, Flanagan KC, Rytlewski J, Riolobos L, Schulte BC, Kim TS, Chen E, Smythe KS, Wagner MJ, Mantilla JG, Campbell JS, Pierce RH, Jones RL, Cranmer LD, Pollack SM. CD4+ T cell and M2 macrophage infiltration predict dedifferentiated liposarcoma patient outcomes. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002812. [PMID: 34465597 PMCID: PMC8413967 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is one of the most common soft tissue sarcoma subtypes and is devastating in the advanced/metastatic stage. Despite the observation of clinical responses to PD-1 inhibitors, little is known about the immune microenvironment in relation to patient prognosis. Methods We performed a retrospective study of 61 patients with DDLPS. We completed deep sequencing of the T-cell receptor (TCR) β-chain and RNA sequencing for predictive modeling, evaluating both immune markers and tumor escape genes. Hierarchical clustering and recursive partitioning were employed to elucidate relationships of cellular infiltrates within the tumor microenvironment, while an immune score for single markers was created as a predictive tool. Results Although many DDLPS samples had low TCR clonality, high TCR clonality combined with low T-cell fraction predicted lower 3-year overall survival (p=0.05). Higher levels of CD14+ monocytes (p=0.02) inversely correlated with 3-year recurrence-free survival (RFS), while CD4+ T-cell infiltration (p=0.05) was associated with a higher RFS. Genes associated with longer RFS included PD-1 (p=0.003), ICOS (p=0.006), BTLA (p=0.033), and CTLA4 (p=0.02). In a composite immune score, CD4+ T cells had the strongest positive predictive value, while CD14+ monocytes and M2 macrophages had the strongest negative predictive values. Conclusions Immune cell infiltration predicts clinical outcome in DDLPS, with CD4+ cells associated with better outcomes; CD14+ cells and M2 macrophages are associated with worse outcomes. Future checkpoint inhibitor studies in DDLPS should incorporate immunosequencing and gene expression profiling techniques that can generate immune landscape profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A Schroeder
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Shihong Zhang
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Laura Riolobos
- UW Medicine Cancer Vaccine Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brian C Schulte
- Division of Oncology, Northwestern University Department of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Teresa S Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Eleanor Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kimberly S Smythe
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael J Wagner
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jose G Mantilla
- Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Robert H Pierce
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Robin L Jones
- Sarcoma, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Lee D Cranmer
- Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Seth M Pollack
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA .,Division of Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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14
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Kohli K, Zhang S, Jiang X, Hsu C, Abbasi A, Kim TS, Pillarisetty VG. Abstract 607: IL-15 is the most potent of tested gamma chain cytokines at inducing in situ proliferation of T cells in human pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Multiple factors, including dense stroma and high infiltration of suppressive immune cells make pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) challenging to treat with immunotherapy. The presence of intra-tumoral T cells positively correlates with improved survival for PDA patients. Gamma chain cytokines (GCCs) can augment T cell mediated anti-tumor immunity and various GCC agonist drugs have been applied in clinical trials for cancer. Besides evaluating the effect of GCC derived agonists using recovered blood or biopsies of treated patients, it is challenging to mechanistically study the effect of GCCs on tumor-resident immune cells in human samples.
Methods: Here we apply organotypic slice culture of surgically resected tumor tissues to study the effect of GCCs on intra-tumoral immune cells. We treated slices of PDAs with GCCs (IL-2, IL-7, IL-15 and IL-21) for 6 days. Immune cells, especially T cells emigrated from the tumor slices into the culture supernatant. On day 6 we fixed intact tumor slices for multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) and analyzed emigrated cells using flow cytometry.
Results: IL-15 and IL-7 potently induced T cell proliferation. The effect of IL-7 and IL-15 on T cell proliferation was higher for T cells that expressed markers of antigen experience such as CD39 and PD1 (Table 1). While IL-15 had the strongest effect on tumor-derived T cells, IL-15 and IL-7 were similar in their effect on T cells in the blood of the same patient, suggesting that IL-15 is especially effective in inducing the proliferation of tumor-infiltrating T cells. The effect of IL-15 on enhanced T cell proliferation was also seen within tumor slices, as revealed by mIHC.
Conclusion: Our data suggest that IL-15 is the most potent GCC at inducing in situ expansion of tumor-resident T cells, including T cells that show signs of antigen experience.
Table 1.IL-15 induces in situ T cell proliferation in PDA.AssayGroupsUntreatedIL-2IL-7IL-15IL-21ParameterFlow Cytometry%Ki67+CD8+cells of live cells0.090.040.360.595.001.3514.331.200.310.14%CD39+CD103+of CD8+0.130.150.110.040.290.140.620.180.130.08%PD1+of CD8+25.107.2223.233.1030.484.7446.483.5037.402.32mIHC%CD8+Ki67+ of all cells0.16 0.04(n=2)0.83 (n=1)0.550.38(n=2)2.200.04(n=2)0.490.41(n=2)n=4 slices for each group for flow cytometry. Data are from one experiment*. MeanSD is shown. Two doses (10-fold difference) for each cytokine were tested and results only for the low dose are shown.*Another experiment with groups IL-2 and IL-2+IL-15 was performed and had similar results for the effect of IL-15
Citation Format: Karan Kohli, Shihong Zhang, Xiuyun Jiang, Cynthia Hsu, Arezou Abbasi, Teresa S. Kim, Venu G. Pillarisetty. IL-15 is the most potent of tested gamma chain cytokines at inducing in situ proliferation of T cells in human pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 607.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shihong Zhang
- 2Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
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15
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Park YJ, Kim SH, Kim TS, Lee SM, Cho BS, Seo CI, Kim HD, Kim J. Ribosomal protein S3 associates with the TFIIH complex and positively regulates nucleotide excision repair. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3591-3606. [PMID: 33464383 PMCID: PMC11072392 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03754-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian cells, the bulky DNA adducts caused by ultraviolet radiation are mainly repaired via the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway; some defects in this pathway lead to a genetic disorder known as xeroderma pigmentosum (XP). Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3), a constituent of the 40S ribosomal subunit, is a multi-functional protein with various extra-ribosomal functions, including a role in the cellular stress response and DNA repair-related activities. We report that rpS3 associates with transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) via an interaction with the xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group D (XPD) protein and complements its function in the NER pathway. For optimal repair of UV-induced duplex DNA lesions, the strong helicase activity of the TFIIH complex is required for unwinding damaged DNA around the lesion. Here, we show that XP-D cells overexpressing rpS3 showed markedly increased resistance to UV radiation through XPD and rpS3 interaction. Additionally, the knockdown of rpS3 caused reduced NER efficiency in HeLa cells and the overexpression of rpS3 partially restored helicase activity of the TFIIH complex of XP-D cells in vitro. We also present data suggesting that rpS3 is involved in post-excision processing in NER, assisting TFIIH in expediting the repair process by increasing its turnover rate when DNA is damaged. We propose that rpS3 is an accessory protein of the NER pathway and its recruitment to the repair machinery augments repair efficiency upon UV damage by enhancing XPD helicase function and increasing its turnover rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Park
- Lab of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Lab of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - T S Kim
- Lab of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - S M Lee
- Lab of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - B S Cho
- Lab of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - C I Seo
- Lab of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - H D Kim
- TechnoComplex Building, HAEL Lab, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - J Kim
- Lab of Biochemistry, Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
- TechnoComplex Building, HAEL Lab, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
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16
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van Beek EJAH, Hernandez JM, Goldman DA, Davis JL, McLoughlin KC, Ripley RT, Kim TS, Tang LH, Hechtman JF, Zheng J, Capanu M, Schultz N, Hyman DM, Ladanyi M, Berger MF, Solit DB, Janjigian YY, Strong VE. Correction to: Rates of TP53 Mutation are Significantly Elevated in African American Patients with Gastric Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 27:963. [PMID: 31898094 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-019-08107-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the original article Kaitlin C. McLoughlin's name is spelled incorrectly. It is correct as reflected here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke J A H van Beek
- Department of Surgery, Gastric and Mixed Tumor Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan M Hernandez
- Department of Surgery, Gastric and Mixed Tumor Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Debra A Goldman
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy L Davis
- Department of Surgery, Gastric and Mixed Tumor Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - R Taylor Ripley
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Teresa S Kim
- Department of Surgery, Gastric and Mixed Tumor Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura H Tang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jaclyn F Hechtman
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Gastric and Mixed Tumor Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marinela Capanu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Marie-Josée & Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David M Hyman
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael F Berger
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Marie-Josée & Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David B Solit
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Marie-Josée & Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yelena Y Janjigian
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vivian E Strong
- Department of Surgery, Gastric and Mixed Tumor Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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17
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Paulson KG, Gupta D, Kim TS, Veatch JR, Byrd DR, Bhatia S, Wojcik K, Chapuis AG, Thompson JA, Madeleine MM, Gardner JM. Age-Specific Incidence of Melanoma in the United States. JAMA Dermatol 2020; 156:57-64. [PMID: 31721989 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.3353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Importance Melanoma is epidemiologically linked to UV exposure, particularly childhood sunburn. Public health campaigns are increasing sun-protective behavior in the United States, but the effect on melanoma incidence is unknown. Objective To examine the incidence of melanoma in the United States and whether any age-specific differences are present. Design, Setting, and Participants Observational, population-based registry data were extracted on July 3, 2018, from the combined National Program of Cancer Registries-Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results United States Cancer Statistics database for 2001-2015. Deidentified data for 988 103 cases of invasive melanoma, with International Classification of Diseases for Oncology histologic categorization codes 8720 to 8790, were used for analysis. Data analysis was performed from July 1, 2018, to March 1, 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures The annual rates of melanoma in pediatric, adolescent, young adult, and adult age groups were determined. Analyses were stratified by sex, and incidence rates were age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population. Annual percentage change (APC) in incidence rate was calculated over the most recent decade for which data were available (2006-2015) using the weighted least squares method. Results In 2015, 83 362 cases of invasive melanoma were reported in the United States, including 67 in children younger than 10 years, 251 in adolescents (10-19 years), and 1973 in young adults (20-29 years). Between 2006 and 2015, the overall incidence rate increased from 200.1 to 229.1 cases per million person-years. In adults aged 40 years or older, melanoma rates increased by an APC of 1.8% in both men (95% CI, 1.4%-2.1%) and women (95% CI, 1.4%-2.2%). In contrast, clinically and statistically significant decreases were seen in melanoma incidence for adolescents and young adults. Specifically, incidence rates decreased by an APC of -4.4% for male adolescents (95% CI, -1.7% to -7.0%), -5.4% for female adolescents (95% CI, -3.3% to -7.4%), -3.7% for male young adults (95% CI, -2.5% to -4.8%), and -3.6% for female young adults (95% CI, -2.8% to -4.5%). Data on skin pigmentation and sun protection history were unavailable; similar trends were observed with data limited to non-Hispanic whites. Young adult women appeared to have twice the risk of melanoma as young adult men. Conclusions and Relevance The incidence of invasive melanoma in the United States appeared to decrease in adolescents and young adults from 2006 to 2015, and this finding contrasted with increases in older populations. These incidence trends suggest that public health efforts may be favorably influencing melanoma incidence in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly G Paulson
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle.,Melanoma and Skin Oncology, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, Washington
| | - Deepti Gupta
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington.,Division of Dermatology, University of Washington, Seattle.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Teresa S Kim
- Melanoma and Skin Oncology, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Joshua R Veatch
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle.,Melanoma and Skin Oncology, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, Washington
| | - David R Byrd
- Melanoma and Skin Oncology, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Shailender Bhatia
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle.,Melanoma and Skin Oncology, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, Washington
| | - Katherine Wojcik
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Aude G Chapuis
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle.,Melanoma and Skin Oncology, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, Washington
| | - John A Thompson
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle.,Melanoma and Skin Oncology, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, Washington
| | - Margaret M Madeleine
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle.,Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jennifer M Gardner
- Melanoma and Skin Oncology, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, Washington.,Division of Dermatology, University of Washington, Seattle
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18
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Wagner MJ, Chau B, Loggers ET, Pollack SM, Kim TS, Kim EY, Thompson MJ, Harwood JL, Cranmer LD. Long-term Outcomes for Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma: A SEER Database Analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:2351-2357. [PMID: 32856598 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMCS) is a rare tumor that typically has an indolent course but high rate of recurrence. We queried the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to assess factors associated with metastasis, treatment, and survival. METHODS We queried the SEER 1973-2016 database for patients with myxoid chondrosarcoma (ICD-O-3: 9231/3). Kaplan-Meier analyses and Cox proportional hazard models assessed effects on overall survival (OS) of demographics and clinical characteristics. Logistic regression assessed associations between tumor location and distant disease. Primary analysis was a complete case analysis; multiple imputation (MI) was used in a sensitivity analysis. RESULTS Locoregional disease (LRD) was found in 373 (85%) of patients. In univariate analysis with LRD, surgery correlated with superior OS [HR = 0.27; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.16-0.47]; chemotherapy and radiotherapy associated with inferior OS (HR = 1.90; 95% CI, 1.11-3.27 and HR = 1.45; 95% CI, 1.03-2.06, respectively). No treatment modality associated with OS in the adjusted, complete case model. In the adjusted sensitivity analysis, surgery associated with superior outcomes (HR = 0.36; 95% CI, 0.19-0.69). There was no OS difference by primary tumor site. 10-year OS with distant disease was 10% (95% CI, 2%-25%). CONCLUSIONS Surgery in LRD associated with improved OS in univariate analysis and adjusted models correcting for missing data. There was no OS benefit with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. IMPACT This represents the largest report of EMCS with long-term follow-up. Despite the reputedly indolent nature of EMCS, outcomes with metastatic disease are poor. We provide OS benchmarks and guidance for stratification in future prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Wagner
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. .,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Bonny Chau
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Elizabeth T Loggers
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Seth M Pollack
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Teresa S Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Edward Y Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Matthew J Thompson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jared L Harwood
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lee D Cranmer
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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19
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Zang Y, Song JH, Oh SH, Kim JW, Lee MN, Piao X, Yang JW, Kim OS, Kim TS, Kim SH, Koh JT. Targeting NLRP3 Inflammasome Reduces Age-Related Experimental Alveolar Bone Loss. J Dent Res 2020; 99:1287-1295. [PMID: 32531176 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520933533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cause of chronic inflammatory periodontitis, which leads to the destruction of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, is multifactorial. An increasing number of studies have shown the clinical significance of NLRP3-mediated low-grade inflammation in degenerative disorders, but its causal linkage to age-related periodontitis has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the therapeutic potential of NLRP3 inhibition in age-related alveolar bone loss by using in vivo and in vitro models. The poor quality of alveolar bones in aged mice was correlated with caspase-1 activation by macrophages and elevated levels of IL-1β, which are mainly regulated by the NLRP3 inflammasome, in periodontal ligament and serum, respectively. Aged mice lacking Nlrp3 showed better bone mass than age-matched wild-type mice via a way that affects bone resorption rather than bone formation. In line with this finding, treatment with MCC950, a potent inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome, significantly suppressed alveolar bone loss with reduced caspase-1 activation in aged mice but not in young mice. In addition, our in vitro studies showed that the addition of IL-1β encourages RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis from bone marrow-derived macrophages and that treatment with MCC950 significantly suppresses osteoclastic differentiation directly, irrelevant to the inhibition of IL-1β production. Our results suggest that the NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical mediator in age-related alveolar bone loss and that targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome could be a novel option for controlling periodontal degenerative changes with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zang
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Oh
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - J W Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - M N Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - X Piao
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - J W Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - O S Kim
- Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - T S Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - J T Koh
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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20
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Kim JH, Kim I, Kang CK, Jun KI, Yoo SH, Chun JY, Jung J, Kim YJ, Kim DY, Jo HB, Kim DY, Koh Y, Shin DY, Hong J, Kim NJ, Yoon SS, Kim TS, Park WB, Oh MD. Enhanced antimicrobial stewardship based on rapid phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing for bacteraemia in patients with haematological malignancies: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 27:69-75. [PMID: 32272171 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recently, rapid phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) based on microscopic imaging analysis has been developed. The aim of this study was to determine whether implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASP) based on rapid phenotypic AST can increase the proportion of patients with haematological malignancies who receive optimal targeted antibiotics during early periods of bacteraemia. METHODS This randomized controlled trial enrolled patients with haematological malignancies and at least one positive blood culture. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to conventional (n = 60) or rapid phenotypic (n = 56) AST. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients receiving optimal targeted antibiotics 72 hr after blood collection for culture. RESULTS The percentage receiving optimal targeted antibiotics at 72 hr was significantly higher in the rapid phenotypic AST group (45/56, 80.4%) than in conventional AST group (34/60, 56.7%) (relative risk (RR) 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-1.83). The percentage receiving unnecessary broad-spectrum antibiotics at 72 hr was significantly lower (7/26, 12.5% vs 18/60, 30.0%; RR 0.42, 95% CI 0.19-0.92) and the mean time to optimal targeted antibiotic treatment was significantly shorter (38.1, standard deviation (SD) 38.2 vs 72.8, SD 93.0 hr; p < 0.001) in the rapid phenotypic AST group. The mean time from blood collection to the AST result was significantly shorter in the rapid phenotypic AST group (48.3, SD 17.6 vs 83.1, SD 22.2 hr). DISCUSSION ASP based on rapid phenotypic AST can rapidly optimize antibiotic treatment for bacteraemia in patients with haematological malignancy. Rapid phenotypic AST can improve antimicrobial stewardship in immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - I Kim
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C K Kang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K-I Jun
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Yoo
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Chun
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Jung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y J Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H B Jo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Koh
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D-Y Shin
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Hong
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - N J Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S-S Yoon
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - T S Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - W B Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - M-D Oh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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21
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Labadie KP, Kreuser SA, Brempelis KJ, Sullivan KM, Daniel SK, Kenerson HK, Yeung RS, Kim TS, Crane CA, Pillarisetty VG. Interleukin-12 Producing Genetically Engineered Macrophages to Reinvigorate Antitumor Immunity Against Advanced Gastrointestinal Cancer. J Am Coll Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2019.08.588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Daniel SK, Sullivan KM, Labadie KP, Kim TS, Jiang X, Pillarisetty VG. Evaluating the Role of Hypoxia and CXCL12 in Anti-Tumor Immune Response to Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. J Am Coll Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2019.08.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Sullivan KM, Jiang X, Seo YD, Kenerson HL, Yan X, Lausted C, Meng C, Jabbari N, Labadie KP, Daniel SK, Tian Q, Kim TS, Yeung RS, Pillarisetty VG. Abstract 4489: IL-10 blockade reactivates antitumor immunity in human colorectal cancer liver metastases. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-4489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 4th most common cancer in the US, and the liver is the most common site of metastatic disease. Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy has not been successful in achieving a clinical response in most patients with CRC liver metastases (CRCLM). The liver is known to induce tolerance to foreign antigens as a result of immunosuppressive cytokines including IL-10. We hypothesized that blockade of IL-10 signaling in CRCLM would potentiate tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL)-mediated tumor cell death.
Methods: We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) of CRCLM using the 10x platform to evaluate for expression of IL-10 or IL-10 receptor (IL-10R) RNA within the tumor (n=8). To confirm if the IL-10R protein was present within the tumor microenvironment (TME), we also performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) (n=3). In order to study the functional effects of IL-10 blockade, we utilized a tumor slice culture (TSC) model, which allows for the study of cancers with their intact TME including immune cells. For TSCs, cores (6 mm diameter) were taken from freshly resected sterile human CRCLM and cut to 250 µm thick slices using a vibratome (n=3). Duplicate slices were treated with either IgG control or anti-IL-10 monoclonal antibodies and cultured for up to 6 days. To evaluate for histological evidence of necrosis and cell apoptosis within the tumor slice, we stained slides with either hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) or cleaved-Caspase-3 (CC3). To gain insight into the activation state of TIL after treatment, we measured levels of cytokines within the culture supernatants.
Results: We found by scRNAseq that that IL-10 was expressed by a subset of tumor-associated macrophages, and IL-10R was expressed by both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as macrophages. We confirmed that IL-10R protein was present within the CRCLM TME by IHC, and IL-10R expression was distributed throughout the stroma in non-tumor cells. In TSC treated with anti-IL-10 antibody, CC3+ cells were found to be 82.8% of total cells, compared to 36.1% of control (p = 1 x 10-6) at day 6. These findings were consistent across all human tumor samples treated with IL-10 blockade versus control at all time points examined. Furthermore, IL-10 blockade led to histologic evidence of generalized necrosis compared to an intact TME seen in the control group. Analysis of cytokines released into the media confirmed that IL-10 was present in controls, but absent in slices blocked with anti-IL-10 antibody. We also found increased levels of granzyme B, IL-2, GM-CSF, and IL-18, as well as a reduction in the immune checkpoint receptor TIM3, after one day of IL-10 blockade in culture.
Conclusion: Treatment of human CRCLM TSCs with anti-IL-10 antibody leads to a marked increase in immune-mediated cell death within the tumor. Our data suggest that IL-10 serves as a critical regulator of anti-tumor immunity in the CRCLM TME and may serve as an important immunotherapeutic target.
Citation Format: Kevin M. Sullivan, Xiuyun Jiang, Yongwoo David Seo, Heidi L. Kenerson, Xiaowei Yan, Chris Lausted, Changting Meng, Neda Jabbari, Kevin P. Labadie, Sara K. Daniel, Qiang Tian, Teresa S. Kim, Raymond S. Yeung, Venu G. Pillarisetty. IL-10 blockade reactivates antitumor immunity in human colorectal cancer liver metastases [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4489.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiang Tian
- 2Institute of Systems Biology, Seattle, WA
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24
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Seo YD, Jiang X, Sullivan KM, Jalikis FG, Smythe KS, Abbasi A, Vignali M, Park JO, Daniel SK, Pollack SM, Kim TS, Yeung R, Crispe IN, Pierce RH, Robins H, Pillarisetty VG. Mobilization of CD8 + T Cells via CXCR4 Blockade Facilitates PD-1 Checkpoint Therapy in Human Pancreatic Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:3934-3945. [PMID: 30940657 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is rarely cured, and single-agent immune checkpoint inhibition has not demonstrated clinical benefit despite the presence of large numbers of CD8+ T cells. We hypothesized that tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells harbor latent antitumor activity that can be reactivated using combination immunotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Preserved human PDA specimens were analyzed using multiplex IHC (mIHC) and T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing. Fresh tumor was treated in organotypic slice culture to test the effects of combination PD-1 and CXCR4 blockade. Slices were analyzed using IHC, flow cytometry, and live fluorescent microscopy to assess tumor kill, in addition to T-cell expansion and mobilization. RESULTS mIHC demonstrated fewer CD8+ T cells in juxtatumoral stroma containing carcinoma cells than in stroma devoid of them. Using TCR sequencing, we found clonal expansion in each tumor; high-frequency clones had multiple DNA rearrangements coding for the same amino acid binding sequence, which suggests response to common tumor antigens. Treatment of fresh human PDA slices with combination PD-1 and CXCR4 blockade led to increased tumor cell death concomitant with lymphocyte expansion. Live microscopy after combination therapy demonstrated CD8+ T-cell migration into the juxtatumoral compartment and rapid increase in tumor cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Endogenous tumor-reactive T cells are present within the human PDA tumor microenvironment and can be reactivated by combined blockade of PD-1 and CXCR4. This provides a new basis for the rational selection of combination immunotherapy for PDA.See related commentary by Medina and Miller, p. 3747.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwoo David Seo
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Xiuyun Jiang
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kevin M Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Arezou Abbasi
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - James O Park
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sara K Daniel
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Seth M Pollack
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Teresa S Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Raymond Yeung
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Harlan Robins
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, Washington
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25
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Park MW, Her SH, Cho JS, Kim TS, Park HW, Kim DW, Park KM, Chang KY. P5587Guideline-recommended optimal medical therapy in AMI patients undergoing PCI with DES: adherence and clinical outcomes using national health insurance data. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p5587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M.-W Park
- Daejun St. Mary's Hospital, Daejun, Korea Republic of
| | - S H Her
- Daejun St. Mary's Hospital, Daejun, Korea Republic of
| | - J S Cho
- Daejun St. Mary's Hospital, Daejun, Korea Republic of
| | - T S Kim
- Daejun St. Mary's Hospital, Daejun, Korea Republic of
| | - H W Park
- Daejun St. Mary's Hospital, Daejun, Korea Republic of
| | - D W Kim
- Daejun St. Mary's Hospital, Daejun, Korea Republic of
| | - K M Park
- Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea Republic of
| | - K Y Chang
- Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea Republic of
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26
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Choi Y, Kim SH, Kim SH, Kim JY, Kim YR, Kim TS, Hwang YM, Kim JH, Jang SW, Rho TH, Lee MY, Oh YS. P1902Terminating the induced atrial tachyarrhythmia after complete pulmonary vein isolation during catheter ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p1902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y Choi
- Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - S H Kim
- Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - S H Kim
- Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - J Y Kim
- Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu, Korea Republic of
| | - Y R Kim
- St.Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon, Korea Republic of
| | - T S Kim
- Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon, Korea Republic of
| | - Y M Hwang
- St. Vincent's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Suwon, Korea Republic of
| | - J H Kim
- St. Vincent's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Suwon, Korea Republic of
| | - S W Jang
- St.Paul's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - T H Rho
- St.Paul's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - M Y Lee
- Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - Y S Oh
- Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
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27
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Park MW, Her SH, Cho JS, Park HW, Kim DW, Kim TS, Park KM, Chang KY. P5576Moderate versus high-intensity statin therapy in east asian patients with angina undergoing PCI with DES: a propensity-score matching analysis. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p5576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M.-W Park
- Daejun St. Mary's hospital, Daejun, Korea Republic of
| | - S H Her
- Daejun St. Mary's hospital, Daejun, Korea Republic of
| | - J S Cho
- Daejun St. Mary's hospital, Daejun, Korea Republic of
| | - H W Park
- Daejun St. Mary's hospital, Daejun, Korea Republic of
| | - D W Kim
- Daejun St. Mary's hospital, Daejun, Korea Republic of
| | - T S Kim
- Daejun St. Mary's hospital, Daejun, Korea Republic of
| | - K M Park
- Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea Republic of
| | - K Y Chang
- Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea Republic of
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28
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van Beek EJAH, Hernandez JM, Goldman DA, Davis JL, McLaughlin K, Ripley RT, Kim TS, Tang LH, Hechtman JF, Zheng J, Capanu M, Schultz N, Hyman DM, Ladanyi M, Berger MF, Solit DB, Janjigian YY, Strong VE. Rates of TP53 Mutation are Significantly Elevated in African American Patients with Gastric Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2018; 25:2027-2033. [PMID: 29725898 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-018-6502-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric adenocarcinoma is a heterogenous disease that results from complex interactions between environmental and genetic factors, which may contribute to the disparate outcomes observed between different patient populations. This study aimed to determine whether genomic differences exist in a diverse population of patients by evaluating tumor mutational profiles stratified by race. METHODS All patients with gastric adenocarcinoma between 2012 and 2016 who underwent targeted next-generation sequencing of cancer genes by the Memorial Sloan Kettering-Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets platform were identified. Patient race was categorized as Asian, African American, Hispanic, or Caucasian. Fisher's exact test was used to examine differences in mutation rates between racial designations for the most common mutations identified. The p values in this study were adjusted using the false discovery rate method. RESULTS The study investigated 595 mutations in 119 patients. The DNA alterations identified included missense mutations (66%), frame-shift deletions (13%), and nonsense mutations (9%). Silent mutations were excluded. The most frequently mutated genes were ARID1A, CDH1, ERBB3, KRAS, PIK3CA, and TP53. Of these, TP53 was the most frequently mutated gene, affecting 50% of patients. The proportion of patients with TP53 mutations differed significantly between races (p = 0.012). The findings showed TP53 mutations for 89% (16/18) of the African American patients, 56% (10/18) of the Asian patients, 43% (9/21) of the Hispanic patients, and 40% (25/62) of the Caucasian patients. CONCLUSIONS Significantly higher rates of TP53 mutations were identified among the African American patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. This is the first study to evaluate tumor genomic differences in a diverse population of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke J A H van Beek
- Department of Surgery, Gastric and Mixed Tumor Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan M Hernandez
- Department of Surgery, Gastric and Mixed Tumor Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Debra A Goldman
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy L Davis
- Department of Surgery, Gastric and Mixed Tumor Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kaitlin McLaughlin
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R Taylor Ripley
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Teresa S Kim
- Department of Surgery, Gastric and Mixed Tumor Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura H Tang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jaclyn F Hechtman
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Gastric and Mixed Tumor Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marinela Capanu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Marie-Josée & Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David M Hyman
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael F Berger
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Marie-Josée & Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David B Solit
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Marie-Josée & Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yelena Y Janjigian
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vivian E Strong
- Department of Surgery, Gastric and Mixed Tumor Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Kim YR, Jang SW, Hwang YM, Kim JY, Kim TS, Kim SH, Kim JH, Oh YS, Lee MY, Rho TH. P397Long-term clinical outcomes of misdosing NOACs in patients with atrial fibrillation. Europace 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy015.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y R Kim
- The Catholic University of Korea Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Internal Medicine, Incheon, Korea Republic of
| | - S W Jang
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - Y M Hwang
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - J Y Kim
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - T S Kim
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - S H Kim
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - J H Kim
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - Y S Oh
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - M Y Lee
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - T H Rho
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Republic of
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30
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Casati S, Aschberger K, Barroso J, Casey W, Delgado I, Kim TS, Kleinstreuer N, Kojima H, Lee JK, Lowit A, Park HK, Régimbald-Krnel MJ, Strickland J, Whelan M, Yang Y, Zuang V. Standardisation of defined approaches for skin sensitisation testing to support regulatory use and international adoption: position of the International Cooperation on Alternative Test Methods. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:611-617. [PMID: 29127450 PMCID: PMC5818556 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2097-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Skin sensitisation is the regulatory endpoint that has been at the centre of concerted efforts to replace animal testing in recent years, as demonstrated by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) adoption of five non-animal methods addressing mechanisms under the first three key events of the skin sensitisation adverse outcome pathway. Nevertheless, the currently adopted methods, when used in isolation, are not sufficient to fulfil regulatory requirements on the skin sensitisation potential and potency of chemicals comparable to that provided by the regulatory animal tests. For this reason, a number of defined approaches integrating data from these methods with other relevant information have been proposed and documented by the OECD. With the aim to further enhance regulatory consideration and adoption of defined approaches, the European Union Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal testing in collaboration with the International Cooperation on Alternative Test Methods hosted, on 4-5 October 2016, a workshop on the international regulatory applicability and acceptance of alternative non-animal approaches, i.e., defined approaches, to skin sensitisation assessment of chemicals used in a variety of sectors. The workshop convened representatives from more than 20 regulatory authorities from the European Union, United States, Canada, Japan, South Korea, Brazil and China. There was a general consensus among the workshop participants that to maximise global regulatory acceptance of data generated with defined approaches, international harmonisation and standardisation are needed. Potential assessment criteria were defined for a systematic evaluation of existing defined approaches that would facilitate their translation into international standards, e.g., into a performance-based Test Guideline. Informed by the discussions at the workshop, the ICATM members propose practical ways to further promote the regulatory use and facilitate adoption of defined approaches for skin sensitisation assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Casati
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - K Aschberger
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - J Barroso
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - W Casey
- National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Morrisville, NC, 27709, USA
| | - I Delgado
- BraCVAM, National Institute of Quality Control in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - T S Kim
- Korean Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - N Kleinstreuer
- National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Morrisville, NC, 27709, USA
| | - H Kojima
- Japanese Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - J K Lee
- Korean Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - A Lowit
- Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC, 20460, USA
| | - H K Park
- Korean Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - M J Régimbald-Krnel
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - J Strickland
- Integrated Laboratory Systems inc., Research Triangle Park, Morrisville, NC, 27709, USA
| | - M Whelan
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - Y Yang
- Institute of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Valérie Zuang
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027, Ispra, Italy.
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31
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Zeng S, Seifert AM, Zhang JQ, Kim TS, Bowler TG, Cavnar MJ, Medina BD, Vitiello GA, Rossi F, Loo JK, Param NJ, DeMatteo RP. ETV4 collaborates with Wnt/β-catenin signaling to alter cell cycle activity and promote tumor aggressiveness in gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Oncotarget 2017; 8:114195-114209. [PMID: 29371979 PMCID: PMC5768396 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common sarcoma, often resulting from a KIT or platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) mutation. The lineage transcription factor ETV1 is expressed similarly in GISTs regardless of malignant potential. Although the related transcription factor ETV4 has been associated with metastasis and tumor progression in other cancers, its role in GIST is unknown. In this study, we found that ETV4 levels were high in a subset of human GISTs and correlated with high mitotic rate. Through Gene Set Enrichment Analysis in selected human GISTs, we identified a relationship between ETV4 levels and β-catenin signaling, especially in advanced GISTs. GIST specimens with high ETV4 levels overexpressed cell cycle regulating genes and had aberrant activation of the canonical Wnt pathway. In human GIST cell lines, ETV4 RNA interference suppressed cell cycle genes and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. ETV4 knockdown also reduced tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and tumor growth in vivo. Conversely, ETV4 overexpression increased cyclin D1 expression and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Moreover, we determined that ETV4 knockdown destabilized nuclear β-catenin and increased its degradation via COP1, an E3 ligase involved in both ETV4 and β-catenin turnover. Aberrant accumulation of ETV4 and nuclear β-catenin was found in patient derived xenografts created from metastatic GISTs that became resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Collectively, our findings highlight the significance of ETV4 expression in GIST and identify ETV4 as a biomarker in human GISTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zeng
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adrian M Seifert
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Q Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Teresa S Kim
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy G Bowler
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael J Cavnar
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin D Medina
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gerardo A Vitiello
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ferdinand Rossi
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer K Loo
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nesteene J Param
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald P DeMatteo
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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32
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Zeng S, Seifert AM, Zhang JQ, Cavnar MJ, Kim TS, Balachandran VP, Santamaria-Barria JA, Cohen NA, Beckman MJ, Medina BD, Rossi F, Crawley MH, Loo JK, Maltbaek JH, Besmer P, Antonescu CR, DeMatteo RP. Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Contributes to Tumor Malignancy and Is Targetable in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1954-1966. [PMID: 28611108 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common type of sarcoma and usually harbors either a KIT or PDGFRA mutation. However, the molecular basis for tumor malignancy is not well defined. Although the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is important in a variety of cancers, its role in GIST is uncertain. Through analysis of nearly 150 human GIST specimens, we found that some human GISTs expressed β-catenin and contained active, dephosphorylated nuclear β-catenin. Furthermore, advanced human GISTs expressed reduced levels of the Wnt antagonist DKK4. Accordingly, in human GIST T1 cells, Wnt stimulation increased β-catenin-mediated transcriptional activity in a reporter assay as well as transcription of the downstream target genes Axin2 and CCND1 In contrast, DKK4 overexpression in GIST T1 cells reduced Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In addition, we showed that nuclear β-catenin stability was partially regulated by the E3 ligase COP1, as demonstrated with coimmunoprecipitation and COP1 knockdown. Three molecular inhibitors of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway demonstrated antitumor efficacy in various GIST models, both in vitro and in vivo Notably, the tankyrase inhibitor G007-LK alone had substantial activity against tumors of genetically engineered KitV558Δ/+ mice, and the effect was increased by the addition of the Kit inhibitor imatinib mesylate. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a novel therapeutic target for selected untreated or imatinib-resistant GISTs. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(9); 1954-66. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zeng
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Adrian M Seifert
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer Q Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael J Cavnar
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Teresa S Kim
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Vinod P Balachandran
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Noah A Cohen
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael J Beckman
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Benjamin D Medina
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ferdinand Rossi
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Megan H Crawley
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer K Loo
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Joanna H Maltbaek
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Peter Besmer
- Department of Developmental Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Cristina R Antonescu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ronald P DeMatteo
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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33
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Sorenson EC, Khanin R, Bamboat ZM, Cavnar MJ, Kim TS, Sadot E, Zeng S, Greer JB, Seifert AM, Cohen NA, Crawley MH, Green BL, Klimstra DS, DeMatteo RP. Genome and transcriptome profiling of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma demonstrates p53 and IGF2BP1 dysregulation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176562. [PMID: 28486549 PMCID: PMC5423588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FL-HCC) is a rare variant of HCC that most frequently affects young adults. Because of its rarity and an absence of preclinical models, our understanding of FL-HCC is limited. Our objective was to analyze chromosomal alterations and dysregulated gene expression in tumor specimens collected at a single center during two decades of experience with FL-HCC. We analyzed 38 specimens from 26 patients by array comparative genomic hybridiziation (aCGH) and 35 specimens from 15 patients by transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). All tumor specimens exhibited genomic instability, with a higher frequency of genomic amplifications or deletions in metastatic tumors. The regions encoding 71 microRNAs (miRs) were deleted in at least 25% of tumor specimens. Five of these recurrently deleted miRs targeted the insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) gene product, and a correlating 100-fold upregulation of IGF2BP1 mRNA was seen in tumor specimens. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated intrapatient tumor similarity, independent of recurrence site or time. The p53 tumor suppressor pathway was downregulated as demonstrated by both aCGH and RNA-seq analysis. Notch, EGFR, NRAS, and RB1 pathways were also significantly dysregulated in tumors compared with normal liver tissue. The findings illuminate the genomic and transcriptomic landscape of this rare disease and provide insight into dysregulated oncogenic pathways and potential therapeutic targets in FL-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C. Sorenson
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Raya Khanin
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Zubin M. Bamboat
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Cavnar
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Teresa S. Kim
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Eran Sadot
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shan Zeng
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jonathan B. Greer
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Adrian M. Seifert
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Noah A. Cohen
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Megan H. Crawley
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Benjamin L. Green
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - David S. Klimstra
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ronald P. DeMatteo
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Seifert AM, Zeng S, Zhang JQ, Kim TS, Cohen NA, Beckman MJ, Medina BD, Maltbaek JH, Loo JK, Crawley MH, Rossi F, Besmer P, Antonescu CR, DeMatteo RP. PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade Enhances T-cell Activity and Antitumor Efficacy of Imatinib in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:454-465. [PMID: 27470968 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are effective in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) but often are of transient benefit as resistance commonly develops. Immunotherapy, particularly blockade of the inhibitory receptor programmed death 1 (PD-1) or the ligand programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), has shown effectiveness in a variety of cancers. The functional effects of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade are unknown in GISTs. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We analyzed tumor and matched blood samples from 85 patients with GISTs and determined the expression of immune checkpoint molecules using flow cytometry. We investigated the combination of imatinib with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in KitV558Δ/+ mice that develop GISTs. RESULTS The inhibitory receptors PD-1, lymphocyte activation gene 3, and T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 were upregulated on tumor-infiltrating T cells compared with T cells from matched blood. PD-1 expression on T cells was highest in imatinib-treated human GISTs. Meanwhile, intratumoral PD-L1 expression was variable. In human GIST cell lines, treatment with imatinib abrogated the IFNγ-induced upregulation of PD-L1 via STAT1 inhibition. In KitV558Δ/+ mice, imatinib downregulated IFNγ-related genes and reduced PD-L1 expression on tumor cells. PD-1 and PD-L1 blockade in vivo each had no efficacy alone but enhanced the antitumor effects of imatinib by increasing T-cell effector function in the presence of KIT and IDO inhibition. CONCLUSIONS PD-1/PD-L1 blockade is a promising strategy to improve the effects of targeted therapy in GISTs. Collectively, our results provide the rationale to combine these agents in human GISTs. Clin Cancer Res; 23(2); 454-65. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M Seifert
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Shan Zeng
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer Q Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Teresa S Kim
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Noah A Cohen
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael J Beckman
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Benjamin D Medina
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Joanna H Maltbaek
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer K Loo
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Megan H Crawley
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ferdinand Rossi
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Developmental Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Peter Besmer
- Department of Developmental Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Cristina R Antonescu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ronald P DeMatteo
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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35
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Kim YW, Seong MW, Kim TS, Yoo CG, Kim YW, Han SK, Yim JJ. Evaluation of Xpert(®) MTB/RIF assay: diagnosis and treatment outcomes in rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2016; 19:1216-21. [PMID: 26459536 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.15.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING The Xpert(®) MTB/RIF assay is endorsed by the World Health Organization for the detection of rifampicin (RMP) resistant tuberculosis (TB). OBJECTIVE To evaluate Xpert for its diagnostic accuracy in detecting RMP-resistant TB and its impact on treatment outcomes. DESIGN Patients with available phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) results and those in whom RMP-resistant pulmonary TB was diagnosed using Xpert were evaluated. The accuracy and turnaround time (TAT) of Xpert for determining RMP-resistant TB was calculated. The TATs for treatment between patients diagnosed with RMP-resistant TB using Xpert and those diagnosed without the assay (phenotypic DST group) were compared. RESULTS In 321 patients, when phenotypic DST was used as the gold standard, Xpert sensitivity and specificity for RMP resistance diagnosis was respectively 100% and 98.7%; the positive and negative predictive values were respectively 86.2% and 100%. The Xpert group had a much shorter interval from initial evaluation to commencing second-line anti-tuberculosis treatment (64 vs. 2 days, P < 0.001), and negative conversion of mycobacterial cultures (197 vs. 62.5 days, P < 0.001) than the phenotypic DST group. CONCLUSION Xpert was accurate at diagnosing RMP resistance in this setting with an intermediate TB burden and a low level of RMP resistance. Xpert might reduce disease transmission by reducing the sputum culture conversion times for patients with RMP-resistant TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M-W Seong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - T S Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C-G Yoo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y W Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S K Han
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J-J Yim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yakunina N, Kim TS, Tae WS, Kim SS, Nam EC. Applicability of the Sparse Temporal Acquisition Technique in Resting-State Brain Network Analysis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 37:515-20. [PMID: 26585264 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The ability of sparse temporal acquisition to minimize the effect of scanner background noise is of utmost importance in auditory fMRI; however, it has considerably lower temporal efficiency and resolution than the conventional continuous acquisition method. The purpose of this study was to determine whether sparse sampling could be applied to resting-state research by comparing its results with those obtained by using continuous acquisition. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified resting-state networks by using independent component analysis and measured their functional connectivity strength in 14 healthy subjects who underwent two 6-minute sparse (60 volumes) and continuous (360 volumes) imaging sessions. To account for the sample size difference, an additional continuous dataset was generated by temporally matching the continuous dataset to 60 volumes of the sparse dataset. RESULTS Consistent resting-state network maps were produced through all 3 datasets. Scanner background noise did not appear to affect the spatial constitution of the networks, whereas a larger sample size influenced it substantially. The strength of the intranetwork connectivity was similar through the 3 datasets. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that continuous acquisition is a recommended technique that should be applied in most of the resting-state studies due to its superior temporal efficiency and increased statistical power. The use of sparse temporal acquisition should be restricted to very particular conditions when continuous scanner noise is unacceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yakunina
- From the Institute of Medical Science (N.Y.) Neuroscience Research Institute (N.Y., W.S.T., S.S.K., E.C.N.)
| | - T S Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology (T.S.K.), Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - W S Tae
- Neuroscience Research Institute (N.Y., W.S.T., S.S.K., E.C.N.)
| | - S S Kim
- Department of Radiology (S.S.K.) Neuroscience Research Institute (N.Y., W.S.T., S.S.K., E.C.N.)
| | - E C Nam
- Department of Otolaryngology (E.C.N.), Kangwon National University, School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea Neuroscience Research Institute (N.Y., W.S.T., S.S.K., E.C.N.)
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Kim TS, Jeong SH, Chang DH, In SR, Park M, Jung BK, Lee KW, Wang SJ, Bae YS, Park HT, Kim JS, Cho W, Choi DJ. Modification to the accelerator of the NBI-1B ion source for improving the injection efficiency. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:02B317. [PMID: 26932045 DOI: 10.1063/1.4935004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Minimizing power loss of a neutral beam imposes modification of the accelerator of the ion source for further improvement of the beam optics. The beam optics can be improved by focusing beamlets. The injection efficiencies by the steering of ion beamlets are investigated numerically to find the optimum modification of the accelerator design of the NBI-1B ion source. The beam power loss was reduced by aperture displacement of three edge beamlets arrays considering power loadings on the beamline components. Successful testing and operation of the ion source at 60 keV/84% of injection efficiency led to the possibility of enhancing the system capability to a 2.4 MW power level at 100 keV/1.9 μP.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Kim
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, South Korea
| | - S H Jeong
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, South Korea
| | - D H Chang
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, South Korea
| | - S R In
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, South Korea
| | - M Park
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, South Korea
| | - B K Jung
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, South Korea
| | - K W Lee
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, South Korea
| | - S J Wang
- National Fusion Research Institute, Daejeon 34143, South Korea
| | - Y S Bae
- National Fusion Research Institute, Daejeon 34143, South Korea
| | - H T Park
- National Fusion Research Institute, Daejeon 34143, South Korea
| | - J S Kim
- National Fusion Research Institute, Daejeon 34143, South Korea
| | - W Cho
- National Fusion Research Institute, Daejeon 34143, South Korea
| | - D J Choi
- National Fusion Research Institute, Daejeon 34143, South Korea
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Lyoo IK, Yoon S, Kim TS, Lim SM, Choi Y, Kim JE, Hwang J, Jeong HS, Cho HB, Chung YA, Renshaw PF. Predisposition to and effects of methamphetamine use on the adolescent brain. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:1516-24. [PMID: 25666756 PMCID: PMC5653271 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of heightened vulnerability both to addictive behaviors and drug-induced brain damage. Yet, only limited information exists on the brain mechanisms underlying these adolescent-specific characteristics. Moreover, distinctions in brain correlates between predisposition to drug use and effects of drugs in adolescents are unclear. Using cortical thickness and diffusion tensor image analyses, we found greater and more widespread gray and white matter alterations, particularly affecting the frontostriatal system, in adolescent methamphetamine (MA) users compared with adult users. Among adolescent-specific gray matter alterations related to MA use, smaller cortical thickness in the orbitofrontal cortex was associated with family history of drug use. Our findings highlight that the adolescent brain, which undergoes active myelination and maturation, is more vulnerable to MA-related alterations than the adult brain. Furthermore, MA-use-related executive dysfunction was greater in adolescent MA users than in adult users. These findings may provide explanation for the severe behavioral complications and relapses that are common in adolescent-onset drug addiction. Additionally, these results may provide insights into distinguishing the neural mechanisms that underlie the predisposition to drug addiction from effects of drugs in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- IK Lyoo
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S Yoon
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - TS Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - SM Lim
- Department of Radiology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y Choi
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - JE Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - HS Jeong
- Department of Radiology, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - HB Cho
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - YA Chung
- Department of Radiology, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - PF Renshaw
- The Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Kim SK, Yoon W, Kim TS, Kim HS, Heo TW, Park MS. Histologic Analysis of Retrieved Clots in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Correlation with Stroke Etiology and Gradient-Echo MRI. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015; 36:1756-62. [PMID: 26159515 PMCID: PMC7968760 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE It is unclear whether clot composition analysis is helpful to predict a stroke mechanism in acute large vessel occlusion. In addition, the relationship between early vessel signs on imaging studies and clot compositions has been poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationship between clot composition and stroke etiology following mechanical thrombectomy and to investigate the effect of varied clot compositions on gradient-echo MR imaging of clots. MATERIALS AND METHODS Histopathologic analysis of retrieved clots from 37 patients with acute MCA occlusion was performed. Patients underwent gradient-echo imaging before endovascular therapy. Retrieved clots underwent semiquantitative proportion analysis to quantify red blood cells, fibrin, platelets, and white blood cells by area. Correlations between clot compositions and stroke subtypes and susceptibility vessel signs on gradient-echo imaging were assessed. RESULTS Stroke etiology was classified as cardioembolism in 22 patients (59.4%), large-artery atherosclerosis in 8 (21.6%), and undetermined in 7 (18.9%). The clots from cardioembolism had a significantly higher proportion of red blood cells (37.8% versus 16.9%, P = .031) and a lower proportion of fibrin (32.3% versus 48.5%, P = .044) compared with those from large-artery atherosclerosis. The proportion of red blood cells was significantly higher in clots with a susceptibility vessel sign than in those without it (48.0% versus 1.9%, P < .001), whereas the proportions of fibrin (26.4% versus 57.0%, P < .001) and platelets (22.6% versus 36.9%, P = .011) were significantly higher in clots without a susceptibility vessel sign than those with it. CONCLUSIONS The histologic composition of clots retrieved from cerebral arteries in patients with acute stroke differs between those with cardioembolism and large-artery atherosclerosis. In addition, a susceptibility vessel sign on gradient-echo imaging is strongly associated with a high proportion of red blood cells and a low proportion of fibrin and platelets in retrieved clots.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Kim
- From the Departments of Radiology (S.K.K., W.Y., T.W.H.)
| | - W Yoon
- From the Departments of Radiology (S.K.K., W.Y., T.W.H.)
| | | | | | - T W Heo
- From the Departments of Radiology (S.K.K., W.Y., T.W.H.)
| | - M S Park
- Neurology (M.S.P.), Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Incidentally discovered pancreatic cystic lesions are increasingly common, affecting up to 10% to 15% of patients undergoing cross-sectional imaging. Although some pancreatic cystic neoplasms harbor invasive malignancy or the potential to progress over time, a majority are benign and can be observed safely. Accurate diagnosis is key to appropriate management. Diagnosis requires a multidisciplinary and multimodal approach. This review discusses each type of pancreatic cystic neoplasm and the current data on diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa S Kim
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, GRB-425, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Cohen NA, Zeng S, Seifert AM, Kim TS, Sorenson EC, Greer JB, Beckman MJ, Santamaria-Barria JA, Crawley MH, Green BL, Rossi F, Besmer P, Antonescu CR, DeMatteo RP. Pharmacological Inhibition of KIT Activates MET Signaling in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. Cancer Res 2015; 75:2061-70. [PMID: 25836719 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common adult sarcomas and the oncogenic driver is usually a KIT or PDGFRA mutation. Although GISTs are often initially sensitive to imatinib or other tyrosine kinase inhibitors, resistance generally develops, necessitating backup strategies for therapy. In this study, we determined that a subset of human GIST specimens that acquired imatinib resistance acquired expression of activated forms of the MET oncogene. MET activation also developed after imatinib therapy in a mouse model of GIST (KitV558del/+ mice), where it was associated with increased tumor hypoxia. MET activation also occurred in imatinib-sensitive human GIST cell lines after imatinib treatment in vitro. MET inhibition by crizotinib or RNA interference was cytotoxic to an imatinib-resistant human GIST cell population. Moreover, combining crizotinib and imatinib was more effective than imatinib alone in imatinib-sensitive GIST models. Finally, cabozantinib, a dual MET and KIT small-molecule inhibitor, was markedly more effective than imatinib in multiple preclinical models of imatinib-sensitive and imatinib-resistant GIST. Collectively, our findings showed that activation of compensatory MET signaling by KIT inhibition may contribute to tumor resistance. Furthermore, our work offered a preclinical proof of concept for MET inhibition by cabozantinib as an effective strategy for GIST treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah A Cohen
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Shan Zeng
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Adrian M Seifert
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Teresa S Kim
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Eric C Sorenson
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan B Greer
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael J Beckman
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Megan H Crawley
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Benjamin L Green
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ferdinand Rossi
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Peter Besmer
- Department of Developmental Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Cristina R Antonescu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ronald P DeMatteo
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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Park WU, Zhao JM, Hwang KH, Kim TS, Kim JH, Yoon SY, Lee JK. Evaluation of the bonding strength of dental zirconia with veneering porcelains. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2014; 14:7843-7846. [PMID: 25942878 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2014.9408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of thermo-cycling treatment on the bond strength and flexural strength of porcelain veneered zirconia was evaluated. After thermo-cycling treatment between 5 degrees C to 55 degrees C, porcelain-zirconia bond strength and zirconia flexural strength was not significantly affected. In the phase analyses using XRD after thermo-cycling treatment, both the experimental group and the control group showed only tetragonal phases. That is, the porcelain-zirconia bond strength and zirconia flexural strength were not affected by low temperature degradation. So low temperature aging treatment did not reduce the flexural strength and the effect of temperature applied to the aging treatment could beignorable.
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Yoon C, Park DJ, Schmidt B, Thomas NJ, Lee HJ, Kim TS, Janjigian YY, Cohen DJ, Yoon SS. Abstract 3873: Hedgehog signaling maintains gastric cancer stem cells and promotes chemotherapy resistance: results from laboratory and clinical studies. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-3873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Gastric cancers may harbor a small subset of cancer stem cells (CSCs) with the exclusive ability to self-renew and differentiate into heterogenous cell types. These CSCs may also contribute to chemotherapy resistance. The Hedgehog (HH) pathway is a key developmental pathway that can be subverted by CSCs during tumorigenesis. However in a recent randomized phase II trial of chemotherapy with or without the small molecule HH inhibitor vismodegib for advanced gastric cancers, the addition of vismodegib did not increase progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS). In this study, we examine the role of HH signaling in gastric CSC maintenance and chemotherapy resistance.
Methods and Results: Gastric cancer cell lines AGS, MKN-45, and NCI-N87 were grown as spheroids to enrich for CSCs. Spheroid cells were found to have upregulation of the putative gastric CSC marker CD44 along with HH pathway proteins Shh, Ptch1, Smo, and Gli1. Inhibition of the HH signaling using Smo shRNA or vismodegib decreased spheroid formation by 70.3-78.4% or 66.9-70.8%, respectively, and attentuated another CSC phenotype, single cell colony formation, by 66.9-78.4%. Transformation phenotypes such as migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent colony formation were also inhibited in gastric CSCs by 50.2-65.6%, 57.4-66.3%, and 3.8-4.6 fold, respectively. CD44(+) gastric CSCs from all 3 cell lines were resistant to 5-fluorouracil or cisplatin chemotherapy, and this resistance was reversed with the addition of Smo shRNA or vismodegib. The combination of Smo shRNA and cisplatin synergistically blocked the growth of MKN-45 xenografts, and treated tumors demonstrated a 1.8-2.6 fold increase in tumor cell apoptosis compared to tumors treated with cisplatin alone. Clinical tumor samples from the phase II vismodegib trial were analyzed for CD44 expression (as a surrogate to levels of CSCs). In the chemotherapy alone group, high CD44 expression was associated with worse PFS and OS. However in the chemotherapy with vismodegib group, high CD44 expression was associated with improved PFS and OS. For two patients in the vismodegib arm of the study who had a complete response, CD44 levels were 6.1-fold higher than the other patients in the group (p=0.001).
Conclusions: HH signaling is required to maintain gastric CSC phenotypes such as spheroid formation and colony formation from single cells as well malignant transformation phenotypes such as migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth. Gastric CSCs are resistant to chemotherapy compared to unselected cells, and HH inhibition can reverse this resistance. Given gastric cancer is a heterogeneous disease, the strategy of combining chemotherapy with HH inhibition may only be effective in a subset of gastric cancer patients with high levels of CD44(+) gastric CSCs.
Citation Format: Changhwan Yoon, Do Joong Park, Benjamin Schmidt, Nicholas J. Thomas, Hae-June Lee, Teresa S. Kim, Yelena Y. Janjigian, Deirdre J. Cohen, Sam S. Yoon. Hedgehog signaling maintains gastric cancer stem cells and promotes chemotherapy resistance: results from laboratory and clinical studies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3873. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3873
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Do Joong Park
- 1Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Hae-June Lee
- 3Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Teresa S. Kim
- 1Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Sam S. Yoon
- 1Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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Seifert AM, Kim TS, Greer JB, Cohen NA, Beckman MJ, Santamaria-Barria JA, Zeng S, Crawley MH, Green BL, DeMatteo RP. PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade Enhances the Efficacy of Imatinib in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST). J Am Coll Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2014.07.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Li YX, Cabling MM, Kang HS, Kim TS, Yeom SC, Sohn YG, Kim SH, Nam KC, Seo KS. Comparison and correlation analysis of different Swine breeds meat quality. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 26:905-10. [PMID: 25049866 PMCID: PMC4093505 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the influence of pig breed and gender on the ultimate pH and physicochemical properties of pork. The correlations between pH and pork quality traits directly related to carcass grade, and consumer’s preference were also evaluated. The pH and meat grading scores for cold carcasses of 215 purebred pigs (Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire) from four different farms were obtained. Meat quality parameters of the pork loin were analyzed. Duroc and female animals were more affected compared to other breeds and male pigs. Duroc animals had the highest ultimate pH, carcass back fat thickness, marbling scores, yellowness, and fat content (p<0.05). Landrace pigs had the highest color lightness and cooking loss values (p<0.05). Among all trait parameters, marbling scores showed the highest significant differences when evaluating the impact of breed and gender on meat quality characteristics (p<0.001). Ultimate pH was positively correlated with carcass weight (0.20), back fat thickness (0.19), marbling score (0.17), and color score (0.16) while negatively correlated with cooking loss (−0.24) and shear force (−0.20). Therefore, pork samples with lower ultimate pH had lower cooking loss, higher lightness, and higher shear force values irrespective of breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y X Li
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-742, Korea
| | - M M Cabling
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-742, Korea
| | - H S Kang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-742, Korea
| | - T S Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-742, Korea
| | - S C Yeom
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-742, Korea
| | - Y G Sohn
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-742, Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-742, Korea
| | - K C Nam
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-742, Korea
| | - K S Seo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-742, Korea
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Chon SB, Kim TS, Oh WS, Lee SJ, Han SS, Kim WJ. Pulmonary tuberculosis among patients hospitalised with community-acquired pneumonia in a tuberculosis-prevalent area. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2014; 18:761-2. [PMID: 24200280 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.13.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING A suburban teaching hospital in a tuberculosis (TB) prevalent area. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the proportion of pulmonary TB among patients hospitalised with suspected community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and to develop a diagnostic index for identifying TB among these patients. DESIGN TB cases confirmed using 1) sputum culture, or 2) both sputum acid-fast bacilli smear and polymerase chain reaction for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, were compared with non-tuberculous CAP by demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiographic information. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, risk factors for TB were identified. A diagnostic index was developed by summing up their simplified regression coefficients. Its performance was checked using c-statistic. RESULTS TB was the second leading cause of CAP (37/528, 7.0%). Risk factors were initial symptoms >7 days, serum albumin <3.5 g/dl, cavitary/nodular infiltrates and upper lobe involvement (1 point for each). The c-statistic of the index was 0.856 (95%CI 0.789-0.923), and for bootstrapping samples of 1000 repetitions it was 0.856 (95%CI 0.791-0.921). For scores ≥2, sensitivity and specificity were respectively 81.1% and 75.8%. CONCLUSION TB is one of the leading causes of CAP in TB-prevalent areas. Our diagnostic index may help clinicians identify TB immediately from CAP and initiate appropriate isolation and optimal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-B Chon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Yoon C, Park DJ, Schmidt B, Thomas NJ, Lee HJ, Kim TS, Janjigian YY, Cohen DJ, Yoon SS. CD44 expression denotes a subpopulation of gastric cancer cells in which Hedgehog signaling promotes chemotherapy resistance. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:3974-88. [PMID: 24947926 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gastric cancers may harbor a subset of cells with cancer stem cell (CSC) properties, including chemotherapy resistance, and CD44 is a gastric CSC marker. The Hedgehog (HH) pathway is a key developmental pathway that can be subverted by CSCs during tumorigenesis. Here, we examine the role of HH signaling in CD44(+) gastric cancer cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Gastric cancer cell lines, tumor xenografts, and patient tumors were examined. RESULTS Gastric cancer cell lines AGS, MKN-45, and NCI-N87 grown as spheroids or sorted for CD44(+) were found to have upregulation of HH pathway proteins. HH inhibition using Smoothened (Smo) shRNA or vismodegib (VIS) decreased spheroid formation and colony formation. CD44(+) cells, compared with unselected cells, were also resistant to 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin chemotherapy, and this resistance was reversed in vitro and in xenografts with Smo shRNA or VIS. CD44(+) cells also had significantly more migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth, and these properties could all be blocked with HH inhibition. Clinical tumor samples from a phase II trial of chemotherapy with or without VIS for advanced gastric cancer were analyzed for CD44 expression. In the chemotherapy alone group, high CD44 expression was associated with decreased survival, whereas in the chemotherapy plus VIS group, high CD44 expression was associated with improved survival. CONCLUSIONS HH signaling maintains CSC phenotypes and malignant transformation phenotypes in CD44(+) gastric cancer cells, and HH inhibition can reverse chemotherapy resistance in CD44(+) cells. Gastric cancer is a heterogeneous disease, and the strategy of combining chemotherapy with HH inhibition may only be effective in tumors with high CD44 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Benjamin Schmidt
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | | | - Hae-June Lee
- Departments of Surgery and Division of Radiation Effects, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Deirdre J Cohen
- Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York
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Kondo DG, Hellem TL, Shi XF, Sung YH, Prescot AP, Kim TS, Huber RS, Forrest LN, Renshaw PF. A review of MR spectroscopy studies of pediatric bipolar disorder. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014; 35:S64-80. [PMID: 24557702 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric bipolar disorder is a severe mental illness whose pathophysiology is poorly understood and for which there is an urgent need for improved diagnosis and treatment. MR spectroscopy is a neuroimaging method capable of in vivo measurement of neurochemicals relevant to bipolar disorder neurobiology. MR spectroscopy studies of adult bipolar disorder provide consistent evidence for alterations in the glutamate system and mitochondrial function. In bipolar disorder, these 2 phenomena may be linked because 85% of glucose in the brain is consumed by glutamatergic neurotransmission and the conversion of glutamate to glutamine. The purpose of this article is to review the MR spectroscopic imaging literature in pediatric bipolar disorder, at-risk samples, and severe mood dysregulation, with a focus on the published findings that are relevant to glutamatergic and mitochondrial functioning. Potential directions for future MR spectroscopy studies of the glutamate system and mitochondrial dysfunction in pediatric bipolar disorder are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Kondo
- From The Brain Institute (D.G.K., T.L.H., X.F.S., Y.H.S., A.P.P., R.S.H., L.N.F., P.F.R), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UtahDepartments of Psychiatry (D.G.K., X.F.S., Y.H.S., P.F.R.)
| | - T L Hellem
- From The Brain Institute (D.G.K., T.L.H., X.F.S., Y.H.S., A.P.P., R.S.H., L.N.F., P.F.R), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - X-F Shi
- From The Brain Institute (D.G.K., T.L.H., X.F.S., Y.H.S., A.P.P., R.S.H., L.N.F., P.F.R), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UtahDepartments of Psychiatry (D.G.K., X.F.S., Y.H.S., P.F.R.)
| | - Y H Sung
- From The Brain Institute (D.G.K., T.L.H., X.F.S., Y.H.S., A.P.P., R.S.H., L.N.F., P.F.R), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UtahDepartments of Psychiatry (D.G.K., X.F.S., Y.H.S., P.F.R.)
| | - A P Prescot
- From The Brain Institute (D.G.K., T.L.H., X.F.S., Y.H.S., A.P.P., R.S.H., L.N.F., P.F.R), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UtahRadiology (A.P.P.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - T S Kim
- and Department of Psychiatry (T.S.K.), Catholic University of Korea Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - R S Huber
- From The Brain Institute (D.G.K., T.L.H., X.F.S., Y.H.S., A.P.P., R.S.H., L.N.F., P.F.R), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - L N Forrest
- From The Brain Institute (D.G.K., T.L.H., X.F.S., Y.H.S., A.P.P., R.S.H., L.N.F., P.F.R), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - P F Renshaw
- From The Brain Institute (D.G.K., T.L.H., X.F.S., Y.H.S., A.P.P., R.S.H., L.N.F., P.F.R), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UtahDepartments of Psychiatry (D.G.K., X.F.S., Y.H.S., P.F.R.)Veterans Integrated Service Network 19 Mental Illness Research (P.F.R.), Education and Clinical Center, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah
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49
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Lee H, Kim ES, Choi C, Seo H, Shin M, Bok JH, Cho JE, Kim CJ, Shin JW, Kim TS, Song KH, Park KU, Kim BI, Kim HB. Outbreak among healthy newborns due to a new variant of USA300-related meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Hosp Infect 2014; 87:145-51. [PMID: 24856113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is increasing throughout the world and is an important cause of skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) in children and neonates. AIM To describe the successful control of an outbreak caused by a new strain of CA-MRSA in a newborn nursery. METHODS The investigation of the outbreak in July 2012 is reported with the control measures taken. Molecular typing of the MRSA isolates was performed. FINDINGS An outbreak of SSTI caused by CA-MRSA occurred in a newborn nursery. Six neonates were infected in a one-month period [infection rate: 8.5% (6/71)]. A new variant of CA-MRSA was responsible, which was characterized as USA300-related, Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL) positive, arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) negative, sequence type 8 (ST8), staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IVa, agr type I and spa type t008. The outbreak among term neonates followed a rapid transmission pattern and was successfully controlled by implementing various outbreak control measures, including universal chlorhexidine bathing. CONCLUSION This is the first report of a hospital outbreak caused by a USA300-related CA-MRSA clone in Korea. Early recognition and reinforcement of infection control measures are important in decreasing transmission of CA-MRSA in a hospital setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - E S Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
| | - C Choi
- Department of Paediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - H Seo
- Infection Control Office, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - M Shin
- Infection Control Office, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Bok
- Department of Nursing, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - J E Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - C J Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - J W Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - T S Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - K H Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - K U Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - B I Kim
- Department of Paediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - H B Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Infection Control Office, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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50
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Kim TS, Cavnar MJ, Cohen NA, Sorenson EC, Greer JB, Seifert AM, Crawley MH, Green BL, Popow R, Pillarsetty N, Veach DR, Ku AT, Rossi F, Besmer P, Antonescu CR, Zeng S, Dematteo RP. Increased KIT inhibition enhances therapeutic efficacy in gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:2350-62. [PMID: 24583793 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-3033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common human sarcoma and a model of targeted molecular therapy. GIST depends on oncogenic KIT signaling and responds to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib. However, imatinib is rarely curative. We hypothesized that PLX3397, which inhibits KIT and colony-stimulating-factor-1 receptor (CSF1R), would be more efficacious than imatinib in GIST by also depleting tumor-associated macrophages, which are generally thought to support tumor growth. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We treated Kit(V558del/+) mice that develop GIST or mice with subcutaneous human GIST xenografts with imatinib or PLX3397 and analyzed tumor weight, cellular composition, histology, molecular signaling, and fibrosis. In vitro assays on human GIST cell lines were also performed. RESULTS PLX3397 was more effective than imatinib in reducing tumor weight and cellularity in both Kit(V558del)(/+) murine GIST and human GIST xenografts. The superiority of PLX3397 did not depend on depletion of tumor-associated macrophages, because adding CSF1R inhibition did not improve the effects of imatinib. Instead, PLX3397 was a more potent KIT inhibitor than imatinib in vitro. PLX3397 therapy also induced substantial intratumoral fibrosis, which impaired the subsequent delivery of small molecules. CONCLUSIONS PLX3397 therapy has greater efficacy than imatinib in preclinical GIST models and warrants study in patients with GIST. The resultant intratumoral fibrosis may represent one of the barriers to achieving complete tumor eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa S Kim
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Surgery, Radiology, Developmental Biology, and Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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